Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a single nucleotide polymorphism and sequence analysis of csn1s1 gene promoter region in chinese bos grunniens (yak). | the aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the csn1s1 gene promoter region in 4 chinese yak breeds, and compare the yak csn1s1 gene promoter region sequences with other ruminants. a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol was developed for rapid genotyping of the yak csn1s1 gene. one hundred fifty-eight animals from 4 chinese yak breeds were genotyped at the csn1s1 locus using the protocol developed. a single nucleotide polymorphism of the csn ... | 2010 | 20024785 |
| high-altitude adaptation of yak based on genetic variants and activity of lactate dehydrogenase-1. | this study investigates the molecular mechanism by which yaks (bos grunniens) adapt to hypoxia based on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). three ldh1 variants of the yak were revealed in tissue extracts by electrophoresis, including ldh1-f, ldh1-m, and ldh1-s. kinetic analysis using purified ldh1 variants showed that the yak ldh1-m variant exhibited a similar k (m) (nadh) and the same mobility on a gel as bovine ldh1, and the ldh1-f variant showed significant differences in k (m) values for nadh or py ... | 2010 | 20047072 |
| oocyte morphology from primordial to early tertiary follicles of yak. | the objective of this study was to investigate the developmental morphology of yak oocytes from the primordial follicle to the tertiary follicle. yak oocytes from resting primordial (n = 6), activated primordial (n = 12), primary (n = 9), secondary (n = 7) and early tertiary (n = 5) follicles were processed and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. the resting primordial follicular oocyte was characterized by relatively smooth surface on the oolemma, the accumulation of free an ... | 2010 | 20059745 |
| morphological analysis of the lung of neonatal yak. | although yaks play an important role as companion or pack and draught animals on chinese plateaus in alpine and sub-alpine regions, morphological studies and anatomical data on the lung of yak are sparse. to provide anatomical descriptions and morphometric data, 10 one-day-old yaks were examined by means of dissection, light and electron microscopy. the measurements of lung were made on dissected specimens and histological sections. unequal dichotomous branching was demonstrated in the dissected ... | 2010 | 20070291 |
| serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) infection in yaks (peophagus grunniens) from the national research centre on yak, india. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) causes a variety of disease syndromes including, respiratory, nervous and reproductive disorders both in domestic as well as wild bovines and the disease is prevalent throughout the world including india. in this study, serum samples of yaks were screened for serological evidence of bohv-1 in a yak farm with history of abortion and kerato-conjuctivitis by competition-elisa. the result of seroprevalence of bohv-1 infections in yaks (poephagus grunniens) revealed that ... | 2010 | 20143159 |
| cloning and characterization of the yak gene coding for calpastatin and in silico analysis of its putative product. | the calcium-activated neutral proteases, mu- and m-calpain, along with their inhibitor, calpastatin, have been demonstrated to mediate a variety of ca(2+)-dependent processes including signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, membrane fusion, platelet activation and skeletal muscle protein degradation. the cdna coding for yak calpastatin was amplified and cloned by rt-pcr to investigate and characterize the nucleotide/amino-acid sequence and to ... | 2010 | 20300663 |
| diversity and phylogeny of mitochondrial dna isolated from mithun bos frontalis located in bhutan. | we sequenced the 16s rrna gene in mitochondrial dna to characterize mithun located in bhutan and to increase our understanding of its origin. we compared mithun with yak, european cattle, bhutanese zebu and indian zebu. sequencing revealed low nucleotide diversity within the mithun population and their phylogenetic proximity to gaur. a close relationship between bhutanese mithun and gaur was confirmed by an additional comparison with wild gaur specimens from three locations in bhutan. direct dom ... | 2010 | 20331596 |
| identification and characterization of the dominant lactic acid bacteria from kurut: the naturally fermented yak milk in qinghai, china. | forty-three samples of kurut, a kind of traditional naturally-fermented yak milk, were collected in qinghai, china. one hundred and forty-eight lactic acid bacterial (lab) strains were isolated and identified from the kurut samples according to phenotypic characterization and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. among them, 52 isolates belonged to the lactobacillus strains. ninety-six isolates were resolved to coccoid lab. the results showed that these isolates belonged to five genera and thirteen d ... | 2010 | 20339214 |
| a new insight into cattle's maternal origin in six asian countries. | the domestication of cattle fuelled the development of agricultural society in the history of human being. the evolution and genetic relationship of cattle can be elucidated by investigating the variation of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop sequence. in this study, we built a cattle phylogeny with a pool of 856 individual d-loop sequences, of which 264 chinese cattle d-loop sequences were obtained in this study (141 ones were first analyzed, and 123 were first submitted) and the rest sequences o ... | 2010 | 20347826 |
| [about spatial orientation of flying staff in air]. | were learned peculiarities of spatial orientation by altitude of pilots and students in conditions of flying over a sea and on link trainer yak-40, were educed psychophysiological and psychological mechanisms of perception of altitude. was effectuated a valuation of existing and possible methods of teaching of effective orientation in air. was shown, that pilots with different professional rate make faults as well in visual flying as visual detecting of the altitude. were made conclusions about ... | 2010 | 20536051 |
| [peculiarities of respiratory function in elderly patients with ulcerative colitis]. | this article presents a comparative analysis of the frequency and types of violations of respiratory function (rf) in ulcerative colitis (uc) in 29 elderly patients and in 108 patients younger than 60 years. pulmonary function was studied by spirometry and record the flow curve--forced expiratory volume ("eton-1"). prescribe a higher rate of airflow obstruction in older compared with patients younger than 60 years (from 65.5 and 39.8% respectively, p < 0.05), which increased with the duration of ... | 2010 | 21560623 |
| [arthritis deformans in poephagus grunniens l]. | 2010 | 13073261 | |
| the subpleural pulmonary microvasculature in newborn yak (bos grunniens). | yak is a unique domestic animal of qinghai-tibetan plateau. its unique adaptability to the high altitude environment has been hypothesized due to special pulmonary microvasculature. however, the anatomical evidence is still less. the present study characterized the subpleural pulmonary microvascular architecture of newborn yak by vascular corrosion cast and the scanning electron microscopy. the results showed the dense vascular network occurred in subpleural area in newborn yak. subpleural vascu ... | 2009 | 19031108 |
| in vitro production of cattlexbuffalo hybrid embryos using cattle oocytes and african buffalo (syncerus caffer caffer) epididymal sperm. | interspecies hybridization of bovids occurs between domestic cattle and at least three other species; american bison (bison bison), yak (bos grunniens) and banteng (bos banteng). birth of a cattlexbuffalo (bubalus bubalis) hybrid has reportedly occurred in russia and in china, but these reports were not authenticated. such hybrids could be important in improving livestock production and management of diseases that impede production in tropical africa. this study investigated hybridization betwee ... | 2009 | 19118889 |
| antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts of glycine max (l.) merr and rhynchosia nulubilis seeds. | the aim of this study was to assess the in vivo potential of ethanolic extracts of glycine max (l.) merr. (soritae) and rhynchosia nulubilis (yak-kong) seeds as natural anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents. to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential, the ethanolic extracts of soritae and yak-kong seeds were tested in arachidonic acid-induced ear edema, carrageenan induced paw edema, formalin-induced licking time, acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate-induced the ... | 2009 | 20087462 |
| selenomonas bovis sp. nov., isolated from yak rumen contents. | two strictly anaerobic, crescent-shaped bacterial strains, designated wgt and ycb08, were isolated from a cellulose-degrading mixed culture enriched from yak rumen contents. the strains were gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile, with four to six flagella situated at the centre of the concave side of the cell. the cells were 0.9-1.1x4-6 microm. growth was observed at 27-46 degrees c (optimum 39 degrees c) and ph 4.2-8.3 (optimum ph 7.0-7.2). arabinose, glucose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose ... | 2009 | 19605710 |
| divergent evolution in the cytoplasmic domains of prlr and ghr genes in artiodactyla. | prolactin receptor (prlr) and growth hormone receptor (ghr) belong to the large superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. both of them have been identified as candidate genes affecting key quantitative traits, like growth and reproduction in livestock. we have previously studied the molecular anatomy of the cytoplasmic domain of ghr in different cattle breeds and artiodactyl species. in this study we have analysed the corresponding cytoplasmic signalling region of prlr. | 2009 | 19622175 |
| [re-evaluation of the medical practice and the medicine in the later half of the chosun dynasty]. | the state-running medical institutions which had been instituted in the earlier period of the chosun dynasty substantially downsized during the reconstructing process after the major wars with japan and qing dynasty. the downsizing was mainly due to the malfunctioning public financial system; but it was also due to the growth of the private medical market. the growth of the private medical market reoriented the focus of the public health system of the chosun dynasty from providing treatment for ... | 2009 | 19636190 |
| analysis of yak muc1 protein polymorphisms and the corresponding vntr structure. | the genotypes and protein polymorphisms of milk epithelial mucin (muc1) were analyzed by touch-down pcr and sds-page respectively using blood samples and milk collected from 50 lactating yaks. a total of seven alleles were revealed, namely a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, and the corresponding number of repetitive units of variable number tandem repeat (vntr) in muc1 gene were 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, and 15, respectively. fifteen genotypes of muc1 were observed in yaks. the genotypes of muc1 gene matche ... | 2009 | 19937497 |
| the effect of retroviral vector on uptake of human lactoferrin dna by yak (bos grunniens) spermatozoa and their fertilizability in vitro. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate the transfection effectiveness of retroviral vector plncx2 in yak sperm-mediated gene transfer (smgt) and the effect of smgt on sperm motility and fertilizability. human lactoferrin (hlf) dna was ligated into plncx2 to construct recombinant plasmid plncx2-hlf, then, using plncx2-hlf+fugene 6 to generate smgt yak spermatozoa for fertilizing bovine oocytes. the result showed that dna-binding rate increased with the extension of incubation period and dn ... | 2009 | 19937500 |
| status, ecology, and conservation of the himalayan griffon gyps himalayensis (aves, accipitridae) in the tibetan plateau. | the dramatic population crashes of 3 species of gyps vulture have raised concerns about the status of their lesser-known congeners. among these is the himalayan griffon, g. himalayensis, an iconic vulture of the tibetan plateau. the continued existence of this scavenger has not only ecological but also cultural implications because of their unique role in the centuries-old sky burial tradition that is followed by nearly 5 million tibetan people. a lack of baseline information of the himalayan gr ... | 2009 | 19580034 |
| sequence characterization of the mc1r gene in yak (poephagus grunniens) breeds with different coat colors. | melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) gene plays a key role in determining coat color in several species, including the cattle. however, up to now there is no report regarding the mc1r gene and the potential association of its mutations with coat colors in yak (poephagus grunniens). in this study, we sequenced the encoding region of the mc1r gene in three yak breeds with completely white (tianzhu breed) or black coat color (jiulong and maiwa breeds). the predicted coding region of the yak mc1r gene res ... | 2009 | 19584942 |
| [expression levels of cdc2 and cdc25a mrna in cattle, yak, and cattle-yak testis]. | the infertility of cattle-yak, which is the hybrid offspring of cattle and yak, is a difficult problem in crossbreeding and improvement of yak. cdc2 and cdc25a are the key genes of meiosis. the decline of their expression levels will cause the spermatogenesis failure and lead to infertility. therefore, this study was conducted to study the relationship between the infertility of cattle-yak and the expression levels of cdc2/cdc25a genes. the expression profiles were obtained by rt-pcr. cdc2 and c ... | 2009 | 19586844 |
| strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function in yak (poephagus grunniens l.). | ovulatory response to the first gnrh of ovsynch is the critical determinant for successful synchronization of ovulation in animals. an attempt was made in this study to design a pre-ovsynch hormonal strategy in yaks to increase the ovulatory response to the first gnrh injection of ovsynch so that overall synchronization rate to ovsynch could be improved. non-lactating cyclic yak cows (n=33) were assigned to receive either no treatment before ovsynch (control) or 0.375 mg of pgf2alpha (prep) foll ... | 2009 | 18691837 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the bovine boule protein. | the deleted in azoospermia (daz) genes encode potential rna-binding proteins that are expressed exclusively in the germ-line. the bovine deleted in azoospermia-like gene is a strong candidate for male cattle-yak infertility. in this work, with the goe goal to further reveal the genetic cause of male cattle-yak sterility, another bovine daz family gene, b-boule, was isolated and characterized. the b-boule gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 295 amino acids with an rnp-type rna recognitio ... | 2009 | 18987886 |
| season of the year influences semen output and concentrations of testosterone in circulation of yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | seasonal changes in plasma testosterone concentration and semen quality were evaluated in yak bulls throughout a 1-year period. blood samples were collected every week from adult yak bulls (n=15). these blood samples were analyzed for testosterone using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. ejaculates were collected from five representative bulls each week. ejaculate volume, progressive motility, live sperm count and sperm concentrations were determined. mean testosterone in plasma was 1 ... | 2009 | 19157729 |
| [studies on isolation, purification and antibacterial activities of beta-defensin in yak neutrophils]. | to isolate and purify beta-defensin from the neutrophils of yak. | 2009 | 19257988 |
| a comparative study on urinary purine derivative excretion of yak (bos grunniens), cattle (bos taurus), and crossbred (bos taurus x bos grunniens) in the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | two experiments were conducted to determine the urinary purine derivative (pd) excretion rates and to analyze potential variations in pd excretions between yak, tibetan indigenous cattle, and their crossbreds under similar ecological environment, and to develop prediction equations based on pd excretion for estimating rumen microbial protein supply. three tibetan castrated male yaks, and similar numbers of indigenous cattle and their crossbreds, were used in a fasting trial followed by a feeding ... | 2009 | 19286819 |
| rapid detection of bovine milk in yak milk using a polymerase chain reaction technique. | yak milk contains a greater percentage of protein and has better quality than bovine milk. there has been an increasing focus on yak milk and milk products during the last few years. in the present study, a pcr-based assay was developed for the specific identification of bovine milk in yak milk by designing 3 primers targeting the mitochondrial nd1 gene. the use of 3 primers in a single pcr reaction set yielded 2 amplification fragments of 293 and 190 bp from bovine milk dna, whereas only 1 ampl ... | 2009 | 19307616 |
| diagnosis and treatment of babesia odocoilei in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and recognition of three novel host species. | two captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) at a new york zoological institution were diagnosed with babesia odocoilei. clinical signs consistent with acute babesiosis included fever, hemoglobinuria, and hemolytic anemia. both episodes were precipitated by stressful events that may have compromised their immunocompetence. the diagnosis was confirmed by visualization of intraerythrocytic parasites on stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction, and speciation of the babesia by sequencin ... | 2009 | 19368255 |
| characterization and genetic analysis of bovine alpha s1-casein i variant. | the aim of this study was to identify the molecular genetic origin underlying the i variant of alpha(s1)-casein and to develop a dna-based test for this polymorphism as a tool for genetic analyses independent of milk sample testing. all coding exons and flanking regions of the alpha(s1)-casein gene were sequenced in dna samples from cattle of known alpha(s1)-casein genotypes (bi, ci, ii, cc), determined by isoelectric focusing of milk samples. a nucleotide substitution (a>t) in exon 11 (g.19836a ... | 2009 | 19392822 |
| the indel polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (prnp ) in chinese yak. | 2009 | 19392829 | |
| phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the bovini tribe (bovidae, bovinae). | the bovinae subfamily incorporates an array of antelope, buffalo and cattle species. all of the members of this subfamily have diverged recently. not surprisingly, a number of phylogenetic studies from molecular and morphological data have resulted in ambiguous trees and relationships amongst species, especially for yak and bison species. a partial phylogenetic reconstruction of 13 extant members of the bovini tribe (bovidae, bovinae) from 15 complete or partially sequenced autosomal genes is pr ... | 2009 | 19393045 |
| an examination of positive selection and changing effective population size in angus and holstein cattle populations (bos taurus) using a high density snp genotyping platform and the contribution of ancient polymorphism to genomic diversity in domestic cattle. | identifying recent positive selection signatures in domesticated animals could provide information on genome response to strong directional selection from domestication and artificial selection. with the completion of the cattle genome, private companies are now providing large numbers of polymorphic markers for probing variation in domestic cattle (bos taurus). we analysed over 7,500 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in beef (angus) and dairy (holstein) cattle and outgroup speci ... | 2009 | 19393053 |
| ecology, economics, and equity of the pastoral systems in the khangchendzonga national park, sikkim himalaya, india. | the khangchendzonga national park is a part of the eastern himalaya global biodiversity hotspot and is located in the sikkim state of india. increasing livestock populations coupled with the government policy to ban grazing and its selective implementation resulted in conflict. hence we undertook this multidisciplinary study involving consultations with traditional resource users, field surveys, and remote sensing. we found that in the greater himalayan part, over the past 6 decades sheep have b ... | 2009 | 19431939 |
| [bacterial diversity in guangxi buffalo rumen]. | to analyze the diversity of bacterial community in guangxi buffalo rumen and to identify the possible cellulolytic bacterial group. | 2009 | 19445183 |
| [investigation on echinococcosis in animals in gannan tibetan autonomous prefecture]. | to make an investigation on echinococcosis among animals in gannan tibetan autonomous prefecture. | 2009 | 19459495 |
| virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profile of shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli prevalent in captive yaks (poephagus grunniens). | 2009 | 19477084 | |
| developmental competence of embryos derived from reciprocal in vitro fertilization between yak (bos grunniens) and cattle (bos taurus). | the purpose of this study was to investigate fertilization ability and embryo development to the blastocyst stage after reciprocal in vitro fertilization (ivf) between yak and cattle in an attempt to clarify the problem of low conception rate after mating yak females with cattle bulls. in vitro-matured (ivm) cattle and yak oocytes were inseminated with either holstein or yak spermatozoa, and after an 18-h of coincubation period, a proportion of the oocytes was fixed and examined for sperm penetr ... | 2009 | 19521055 |
| comparison of nutrition and microbiological compositions between two types of fermented milk from tibet in china. | twenty-nine traditional fermented yak milk (kurut) and 15 traditional fermented mongolian cow milk (fmcm) samples were collected from three regions of tibet in china, and their chemical composition and microbiological properties were analyzed. average levels of the major composition of kurut and fmcm, respectively, were as follows: total solid, 16.91+/-1.30 g/100 g and 12.65+/-1.14 g/100 g; fat, 6.83+/-1.18 g/100 g and 3.92+/-0.92 g/100 g; total protein, 4.93+/-0.36 g/100 g and 3.33+/-0.71 g/100 ... | 2009 | 19521897 |
| seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks (poephagus grunniens) in india and evaluation of protective immunity to s19 vaccine. | the present study was carried out to explore the seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks of north-eastern hilly yak tracts of arunachal pradesh, india. of 374 animals tested, 23.79, 21.11 and 18.98% were found positive for brucellosis using avidin-biotin elisa (ab-elisa), rose-bengal plate test (rbpt) and standard tube-agglutination test (stat), respectively. the relative sensitivity and specificity for stat were 79.77 and 100%, respectively and the same for rbpt were 88.76 and 100%, respectively ... | 2009 | 18763048 |
| a serological survey of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 in yak (poephagus grunniens) in arunachal pradesh in india. | serum samples were collected from 254 yak (poephagus grunniens, presently bos grunniens) in different yak tracts of india. these samples were then screened by virus neutralisation test (vnt) and avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ab-elisa) to study the seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). the overall seroprevalence in yak was found to be 41% (105) by vnt and ab-elisa. the sex of the animal, whether it was on a farm or free-ranging and the location ... | 2009 | 20462162 |
| serological evidence of antibodies against chlamydophila abortus in free-ranging yak (poephagus grunniens) in arunachal pradesh, india. | serum samples were randomly collected from 172 free-ranging yak (poephagus grunniens, presently bos grunniens) from six different yak tracts of arunachal pradesh, india, and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of specific antibodies against chlamydophila abortus. the overall prevalence of this disease in yak was 35%. the prevalence of cp. abortus-specific antibodies was significantly higher in yak cows (41%) than among bulls (25%). the highest prevalence (39%: 9 ... | 2009 | 20462163 |
| development of an assay for rapid identification of meat from yak and cattle using polymerase chain reaction technique. | yak meat is of good quality with fine texture, high protein and low fat content, and rich in amino acids compared with that of cattle, and it lacks anabolic steroids or other drugs. in general terms, however, the meat yield of yak is relatively low compared with that of the cattle. in order to prevent possible adulteration of yak meat with cattle meat, based on the sequence of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene, a multiplex pcr-based approach was proposed for rapid identification of the meat from yak a ... | 2009 | 20416705 |
| short communication: new alleles of the bovine kappa-casein gene revealed by resequencing and haplotype inference analysis. | we tested the hypothesis that extensive undiscovered genetic diversity exists in important functional genes from domestic and wild cattle species (bos spp.). we resequenced 483 bp of a key exon (exon iv) from the kappa (kappa)-casein gene (csn3) for a panel of samples of domestic cattle from 8 countries and a close relative species, the gayal (bos frontalis). six single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. haplotype inference revealed 12 haplotypes, of which 8 were newly discovered. among t ... | 2008 | 18765626 |
| yak lactate dehydgogenase a4: purification, properties, and cdna cloning. | lactate dehydrogenase a4 (ldh-a4) was purified for yak skeletal muscle. michaelis constant (km) analysis showed that yak ldh-a4 for pyruvate was significantly higher than that of cattle. cdna cloning of ldh-a revealed two amino acid substitutions between yak and cattle. we suggest that the higher km of yak ldh-a4 might be a result of molecular adaptation to a hypoxic environment. | 2008 | 18776664 |
| [differentiation of bos grunniens, bos taurus, and bubalus from meat products mixture based on mitochondrion 12s rrna gene]. | mitochondrial dna sequence is highly conserved within species. gene 12s rrna is able to endure degeneration and high temperature, which allows identification of feedstuff, fresh meat, processed meat, and traceability. in the present study, three unique restriction sites were detected in the fragments of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene regions amplified with universal primer, which were able to distinguish bos grunniens, bos. taurus, and bubalus in fresh meat and processed meat mixture. the fragment ... | 2008 | 18779150 |
| identification of yak lactate dehydrogenase b gene variants by gene cloning. | native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that two types of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) existed in yaks. based on the electrophoresis characteristics of ldh isoenzymes, yak ldh variants were speculated to be the gene mutation on h subunit encoded by b gene. according to the mobility in electrophoresis, the fast-band ldh type was named ldh-hf and the slow-band ldh type ldh-hs. in order to reveal the gene alteration in yak ldh variants, total rna was extracted from heart tissues of yaks wit ... | 2008 | 18785588 |
| phylogenetic position of the saola (pseudoryx nghetinhensis) inferred from cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of bovidae. | previous morphological and molecular analyses failed to resolve the phylogenetic position of the critically endangered saola (pseudoryx nghetinhensis) with respect to its placement in bovina (cattle, bison, and yak) or bubalina (asian and african buffaloes). in the present study, g- and c-banding, ag-staining and fish with 28s and telomeric probes was undertaken for 17 bovid species. an analysis of these data allowed us to identify 49 structural rearrangements that included autosomes, gonosomes ... | 2008 | 18931485 |
| a homogenous nature of native chinese duck matrilineal pool. | china, with around 30 unique breeds, has a diverse duck genetic pool. currently, there is no systematic report which investigates the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship, and matrilineal genetic structure of these domestic breeds and wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | 2008 | 18957137 |
| molecular anatomy of the cytoplasmic domain of bovine growth hormone receptor, a quantitative trait locus. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) studies have indicated growth hormone receptor (ghr) as a candidate gene affecting cattle milk yield and composition. in order to characterize genetic variation at ghr in cattle, we studied european and east african breeds with different histories of selection, and bos grunniens, ovis aries, sus scrofa, bison bison and rangifer tarandus as references. we sequenced most of the cytoplasmic domain (900 bp of exon 10), 89 bp of exon 8, including the putative causative m ... | 2008 | 18381258 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of multiple splice variants of lactate dehydrogenase c in yak testes. | lactate dehydrogenase c (ldh-c) has been reported to play a role in the energy metabolism of mammal spermatozoa. however, the functions and expression patterns of ldh-c still remain unclear. in order to elucidate the functions and expression patterns of ldh-c, we cloned the cdna of yak ldh-c. total rna was extracted from yak testes and reverse transcribed and amplified by pcr. the full length open reading frame (orf) of ldh-c and its five splice variants were obtained. the full length orf contai ... | 2008 | 18408355 |
| influence of cellulose polymers on the semipermanent dyestuff process for yak hair: an analytical investigation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of some cellulose polymers mixed in a semipermanent dyestuff on the dye uptake of yak hair fiber and color fading after repeated washing cycles. two different classes of commercial polymers were tested: non-ionic and cationic. formulations based on a mixture of hc and basic dyes, with different molecular sizes, were employed as representative dyestuffs. uv-vis spectroscopy and colorimetric measurements were used to analyze the extracted dyes fr ... | 2008 | 18408868 |
| correlating bayesian date estimates with climatic events and domestication using a bovine case study. | the tribe bovini contains a number of commercially and culturally important species, such as cattle. understanding their evolutionary time scale is important for distinguishing between post-glacial and domestication-associated population expansions, but estimates of bovine divergence times have been hindered by a lack of reliable calibration points. we present a bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 481 mitochondrial d-loop sequences, including 228 radiocarbon-dated ancient dna sequences, using a mu ... | 2008 | 18426745 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of chinese yak breeds (bos grunniens) using microsatellite markers. | nine chinese yak breeds (maiwa, tianzhu white, qinghai plateau, sibu, zhongdian, pali, tibetan high mountain, jiulong, and xinjiang) and gayal were analyzed by means of 16 microsatellite markers to determine the level of genetic variation within populations, genetic relationship between populations, and population structure for each breed. a total of 206 microsatellite alleles were observed. mean f-statistics (0.056) for 9 yak breeds indicated that 94.4% of the genetic variation was observed wit ... | 2008 | 18439980 |
| an update on reproduction in yak and mithun. | yak and mithun are two domesticated herbivores of high economic importance to the farming community living in highlands. improved yak and mithun production could significantly enhance the living standards of these highlanders. over the years, their dwindling numbers have been a cause of serious concern. in view of the lack of knowledge on the reproductive physiology of these ruminants, studies have been undertaken to investigate their reproductive endocrinology in recent years. this paper attemp ... | 2008 | 18638127 |
| assessment of superovulatory responses in terms of palpable corpora lutea and embryo recovery using plasma progesterone in yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | plasma progesterone profiles were used to assess superovulatory responses in cyclic yaks (n=10) in terms of the number of ovulations and the number of embryos recovered. the animals were synchronized into oestrus following ovsynch treatment. all the animals received a total of 200 mg folltropin divided into morning and evening and spread over 4 days, beginning on day 10 of the oestrus cycle (day of expected oestrus=day 0). plasma samples for progesterone estimation were collected daily starting ... | 2008 | 18187170 |
| the analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation of six chinese cattle populations using microsatellite markers. | a total of 321 individuals from six cattle populations of four species in a bovine subfamily in china were studied using 12 pairs of microsatellite markers. the genetic diversities within and between populations were calculated. the phylogenetic trees were constructed by (delta mu)(2) and da distances, and the divergence times between populations were estimated by (delta mu)(2). altogether, 144 microsatellite alleles were detected including 24 private alleles and nine shared alleles. chinese hol ... | 2008 | 18222406 |
| seroepidemiology of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite and is closely related to toxoplasma gondii, but they are antigenically different. n. caninum and t. gondii infection in a variety of animals such as cattle, dogs, and cats has been reported, but there is little information on the infection of these parasites in domestic yaks. seroprevalence of antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum in yaks (bos grunniens) from eight regions of qinghai, china were investigated by the indirect agglutination test (iat) and ... | 2008 | 18242860 |
| fatty acid composition of yak (bos grunniens) cheese including conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 fatty acids. | the esterified fatty acid composition of cheese (yc) from yak ( bos grunniens), reared in the highlands of the nepalese himalayas, was studied using capillary gas-liquid chromatography and compared with that of dairy cow cheddar cheese (dc) purchased in a local market. the yc was collected from dolakha, nepal. the yc had a lower (p<0.001) myristic acid (c14:0; 6.7 vs 10.3%, yc vs dc, respectively) and palmitic acid content (c16:0; 23.3 vs 29.2%, yc vs dc, respectively) compared to dc. the yc had ... | 2008 | 18266317 |
| genetic variation in the kappa-casein gene (csn3) of chinese yak (bos grunniens) and phylogenetic analysis of csn3 sequences in the genus bos. | variants of kappa-casein (csn3) have been extensively studied in cattle and 13 alleles have been identified at the protein and dna levels to date. evolution of some of these alleles and a possible common ancestor remain unclear. polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analysis of csn3 exon iv in domesticated yak revealed a 2-allele polymorphism showing migration patterns different from known cattle variants. the pcr products of both yak csn3 sscp alleles were ... | 2008 | 18292276 |
| short communication: characterization of a kappa-casein genetic variant in the chinese yak, bos grunniens. | a pcr-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol has been developed for rapid genotyping of the yak kappa-casein gene. a total of 307 yaks from the tianzhu white, jiulong, maiwa, and datong breeds in china were genotyped at the kappa-casein locus using the protocol developed in the present study. a polymorphism of kappa-casein gene exon 4 has been identified in tianzhu white breed by evaluating genomic dna. the polymorphic site consists of a single nucleotide substitution g-->c at position ... | 2008 | 18292277 |
| identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tibetan qula cheese. | fourteen strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from qula, a tibetan traditional yak cheese, were divided into four groups (a-d) according to morphological and biochemical characteristics. on the basis of the 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, group a and group b strains were placed in the cluster making up the genus leuconostoc, which together with leuconostoc mesenteroides and leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, formed a distinct cluster. the group c strain was clearly identified as enteroc ... | 2008 | 18323681 |
| [study on cornu bos grunniens from tibet substituting cornu rhinoceri]. | comparing the pyretolysis effect of cornu rhinoceri soup, an ancient prescription of traditional chinese medicine, on fever model of rabbits after cornu bos grunniens from tibet substituting cornu rhinoceri, in order to find the succedaneums of cornu rhinoceri, a rare animal medicine. | 2008 | 18998561 |
| left hand polydactyly: a case report. | abstract: | 2008 | 19025618 |
| application of sensitive enzymeimmunoassay for determination of testosterone in blood plasma of yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | as an alternative to radioimmunoassays, a simple, highly sensitive and quick enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for determination of testosterone in blood plasma of yaks on microtitreplates using second antibody coating technique and testosterone-horseradish peroxidase as a label has been developed for the first time. the wells of the microtitreplate were coated with affinity-purified goat immunoglobulin (antirabbit igg) that binds the hormone specific antibody. the eia was carried out directly in 20 micro ... | 2008 | 18713630 |
| efficacy of heatsynch protocol for induction of estrus, synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of induction of estrus, synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in anestrous yaks using the heatsynch protocol. in experiment 1, 10 anestrous yaks were administered an analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) followed by prostaglandin (pg)f2alpha 7 days later and then estradiol cyponate (ecp) 24 h after that. ovulation was detected by rectal palpation at 2h intervals beginning at the initial signs of estrus. blo ... | 2008 | 17383122 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (bos poephagus grunniens) in the himalayan region. | since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in india, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by ag-elisa in three animals. pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by rt-pcr using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' utr). the 5' utr, n(pro) and e2 regions were sequenced a ... | 2008 | 17663013 |
| development of embryos after in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes with sperm from either yaks (bos grunniens) or cattle (bos taurus). | the objectives of this study were to investigate differences in fertilization and development of embryos after in vitro fertilization of bos taurus (cow) oocytes with sperm from either yaks (bos grunniens) or holstein bulls. frozen-thawed spermatozoa (holstein n=5 sires; yak n=5 sires) were evaluated for motility (forward progression) and acrosomal status immediately post-thaw and then 1, 2, 3, and 8h later. in vitro-matured cow oocytes (n=1652) were inseminated with either holstein bull or yak ... | 2008 | 17889459 |
| the arterial supply of the eye of the yak (bos grunniens). | the heads and necks of 10 yaks were dissected to study the arterial supply to the eye of the yak in the qinghai-tibetan plateau. the supply came from the internal ophthalmic, external eight ophthalmic, superficial temporal and malar arteries. the internal ophthalmic was one of sources of the posterior long ciliary artery. the external ophthalmic artery gave rise to branches to supply the dorsal oblique muscle and otherwise, and to take part in the formation of the ophthalmic rete mirabile. the o ... | 2008 | 17950766 |
| shuffling of pig interleukin-2 gene and its enhancing of immunity in mice to pasteurella multocida vaccine. | in order to explore the safe and effective adjuvant for promotion of immunity of animals against infection, the experiment was carried out to shuffle tibet pig il-2 cdna with other il-2 cdna from human, yak and mouse, and the effect of shuffled il-2 (il-2s) gene in vivo was investigated on immunity of mice to pasteurella multocida. the il-2s protein was found to remarkably promote the proliferation of pig lymphoblasts than the native pig il-2 protein. then the il-2s gene was cloned into vr1020 e ... | 2007 | 17959278 |
| wide geographic distribution of cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines. | recent studies in the united states reported that approximately 85% of pre-weaned dairy calves were infected with zoonotic cryptosporidium parvum, whereas only 1-2% of post-weaned calves and 1-2-year-old heifers were infected with this species. cryptosporidium bovis and cryptosporidium deer-like genotype were much more prevalent in the post-weaned animals. it is not clear whether the same infection pattern also occurs in other geographic areas. in this study, to determine whether the same crypto ... | 2007 | 17097231 |
| characterization of metallothioneins (mt-i and mt-ii) in the yak. | the cdna-encoding sequences for yak metallothionein isoforms i (mt-i) and ii (mt-ii) were amplified and cloned by reverse-transcription pcr to characterize the nucleotide sequence and protein structure of metallothionein in the yak. the cdna sequences of mt-i and mt-ii were subjected to blast searching at the national center for biotechnology information, and the results indicated that the nucleotide sequences of yak mt-i and mt-ii, when compared among different species of mammals, are highly co ... | 2007 | 17121968 |
| occurrence of enterotoxic staphylococcus aureus in raw milk from yaks and cattle in mongolia. | staphylococcal food poisoning is considered one of the leading foodborne illnesses in humans worldwide and is associated with contaminated foods of animal origin, such as milk and dairy products. in this study, we investigated the occurrence of staphylococci and the enterotoxigenic properties of staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk from yaks (bos mutus) and cattle in mongolia. staphylococci were isolated from 72 (74%) of the 97 raw milk samples. of the samples containing staphylococci, 6 ... | 2007 | 17685350 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium from animal sources in qinghai province of china. | the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in 20 zoo animals of the xining zoo, 16 farm yaks and 42 farm goats in qinghai province, china was investigated by an immunofluorescence test (ift). the species and/or genotypes were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16 zoo animals, 2 yaks, and 15 goats by ift. the ift positive samples were further investigated by pcr, and 16 o ... | 2007 | 17701218 |
| successful embryo transfer in tianzhu white yak using standard protocol. | the present study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of superovulation, oestrus synchronization, and embryo recovery in tianzhu white yaks and also to confirm the pregnancy rate of black yaks, to which embryos collected from white yaks were transplanted. forty-seven yaks were selected from different experiment groups, including 10 tianzhu white female yaks (donor, group a) and 37 black female yaks (recipient, groups b and c). superovulation of the donor was induced by the application ... | 2007 | 17879065 |
| nuclear reprogramming in embryos generated by the transfer of yak (bos grunniens) nuclei into bovine oocytes and comparison with bovine-bovine scnt and bovine ivf embryos. | although inter-species scnt may be useful for increasing and preserving populations of endangered species, there are many reports that inter-species nuclear transfer embryos only develop to the blastocyst stage. in this study, yak-bovine scnt blastocysts were successfully implanted in the surrogate bovine uterus but failed to develop to term or aborted. to clarify the reasons, we examined yak-bovine scnt blastocyst development, total cell number, inner cell mass (icm) number, trophoblast (te) ce ... | 2007 | 17416410 |
| sequence variation and molecular evolution of hormone-sensitive lipase genes in species of bovidae. | the partial sequences of exon i of hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl) genes in yak (bos grunniens), cattle (bos taurus), zebu (bos indicus), and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) were analyzed. comparisons of these sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences with the homologous hsl gene and protein sequences in other mammalian species including pig (sus scrofa), human (homo sapiens), mouse (mus musculus), and rat (rattus sp.) retrieved from the genbank were carried out and finally a phylogenetic tree was ... | 2007 | 17469775 |
| the challenges and progress in the management of reproduction in yaks. | this paper deals with the progress in the management of reproduction in domestic yaks, including female reproductive biology, male reproductive biology and the main reproductive technologies in both female and male yaks. further studies and actions with some immediate measures are also recommended. | 2007 | 17491154 |
| phylogenetic relationships and status quo of colonies for gayal based on analysis of cytochrome b gene partial sequences. | thirty-three mutations and four different haplotypes were found when cytochrome b(cytb) gene partial sequences of 12 gayals were analyzed. together with sequences of bos indicus, bos taurus, bos grunniens and bos gaurus with bubalus bubalis as the out group, the partial sequences of cytb gene of gayals were aligned and base composition and nucleotide variation of cytb gene were analyzed. the phylogenetic trees were constructed by the nj method and the mp method respectively, both supporting almo ... | 2007 | 17560527 |
| genetic variation of mitochondrial d-loop region and evolution analysis in some chinese cattle breeds. | the complete mitochondrial d-loop region from 123 individuals in 12 chinese cattle breeds and two individuals in germany yellow cattle breed was sequenced and analyzed. the results were shown as follows: 93 variations and 57 haplotypes were detected, and the average number of nucleotide difference was 22.708, nucleotide diversity (d) was 0.0251 +/- 0.00479, and haplotype diversity (hd) was 0.888 +/- 0.026, indicating very high genetic diversity in chinese cattle breeds. in the neighbor-joining t ... | 2007 | 17601610 |
| application of sensitive enzymeimmunoassay for determination of cortisol in blood plasma of yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | as an alternative to radioimmunoassays, a simple, highly sensitive and quick enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for determination of cortisol in blood plasma of yaks on microtiterplates using second antibody coating technique and cortisol-horseradish peroxidase as a label has been developed. the wells of the microtiterplate were coated with affinity-purified goat igg (antirabbit igg) that binds the hormone specific antibody. the eia was carried out directly in 20 microl of heat treated plasma after 1:5 dil ... | 2007 | 17655848 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence diversity and origin of chinese domestic yak. | in order to clarify the origin and genetic diversity of yak in china, we analysed mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences (approximately 891 bp) in 52 individuals from four domestic yak (poephagus grunniens) breeds, as well as from a hybrid between yak and cattle (pianniu). twenty-five samples were further selected for partial (420 bp) cytochrome b sequencing based on control region sequence information. two yak samples shared sequences with chinese cattle (bos taurus); the remaining ... | 2007 | 17257194 |
| effect of yak milk casein hydrolysate on th1/th2 cytokines production by murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro. | yak casein hydrolysate was derived from the enzymatic alcalase-hydrolysate of a typical northwestern china milk product called qula. an in vitro study was conducted to examine their immunoregulatory effects on murine t cells, including con-a-induced lymphoproliferation and splenocyte cell cycle, production, and messenger rna (mrna) expression of interleukin-2 (il-2), interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and interleukin-4 (il-4). the results showed that yak casein hydrolysate had lymphoproliferation act ... | 2007 | 17263454 |
| genetic structure and differentiation of three chinese indigenous cattle populations. | levels of genetic differentiation, gene flow, and genetic structure of three indigenous cattle populations (luxi, bohai, and minnan) and two reference cattle populations (chinese holstein and qinhai yak) in china were estimated using the information from 12 microsatellites, and 141 microsatellite alleles were identified. the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.9005 in yak to 4.9722 in holstein. the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.5325 (yak) to 0.7719 (holstein); 29 private allel ... | 2007 | 17265139 |
| carnivore-caused livestock mortality in trans-himalaya. | the loss of livestock to wild predators is an important livelihood concern among trans-himalayan pastoralists. because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, few studies have been carried out to quantify livestock depredation by wild predators. in the present study, we assessed the intensity of livestock depredation by snow leopard uncia uncia, tibetan wolf canis lupus chanku, and eurasian lynx lynx l. isabellina in three villages, namely gya, rumtse, and sasoma, within the propose ... | 2007 | 17318699 |
| the arterial supply to the brain of the yak (bos grunniens). | fifteen head specimens of the yak were dissected to study the arterial supply to the brain. the supply comes from the internal carotid, maxillary, occipital and vertebral arteries. except for the internal carotid artery, the branches of the above-mentioned arteries contributed in the formation of the rete mirable of which the vascular diameter was larger and the wall was thinner. the brain was mainly supplied by branches from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries in which the blood is oxyg ... | 2007 | 17319606 |
| the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the yak (bos grunniens). | the heads and necks of 10 yaks were dissected to study the shape, location, arrangement, and branches of the cranial cervical ganglion. the ganglion was a greyish fusiform structure, mean length 19.72 mm, width 7.65 mm and depth 4.55 mm, located on the rostrolateral surface of the m. longus capitis. approximately 25% of the ganglion was covered by the tympanic bulla, the rest by the m. stylohyoideus. the branches of the cranial cervical ganglion included the internal and external carotid nerves, ... | 2007 | 16246603 |
| complete sequence of the yak (bos grunniens) mitochondrial genome and its evolutionary relationship with other ruminants. | the yak (bos grunniens) is the most important domesticated species in the qinhai-tibetan plateau. in present study, the complete sequence of the yak mitochondrial genome was determined. sequence analysis revealed that there are no differences with cattle in the yak mitochondrial genome organization. interestingly, within the d-loop, the conserved sequence blocks are less conserved than surrounding regions. neighbor-joining (nj) trees based on single genes, gene sets and concatenated genes of mit ... | 2007 | 16942892 |
| yak milk casein as a functional ingredient: preparation and identification of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. | yak milk casein derived from qula, a traditional tibetan acid curd cheese, was hydrolyzed by six commercially available proteases (trypsin, pepsin, alcalase, flavourzyme, papain and neutrase). these hydrolysates were assayed for their inhibitory activity of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme (ace). the hydrolysates obtained by neutrase from bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed the highest ace inhibitory activity. the ic50 value of neutrase-hydrolysate was 0.38 mg/ml. the hydrolysate obtained by neutra ... | 2007 | 16987434 |
| cdna cloning, gene organization and variant specific expression of hif-1 alpha in high altitude yak (bos grunniens). | hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif-1) is a heterodimeric basic-helix-loop-helix-per-arnt-sim (bhlh-pas) transcription factor consisting of hif-1alpha and hif-1beta subunits. hif-1alpha is the oxygen-regulated subunit of hif-1, which regulates the transcription of genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. yak (bos grunniens), a mammal native to high altitude (ha) region ( approximately 3500-5500 m), has successfully adapted over many generations to the chronic hypoxia of ha. in th ... | 2007 | 17045424 |
| in vitro development of yak (bos grunniens) embryos generated by interspecies nuclear transfer. | interspecies cloning may be used as an effective method to conserve highly endangered species, but at present it suffers from relatively low levels of efficiency. in order to find a technique that could be used in conservation of the wild yak (bos grunniens), we designed in six separate experiments to investigate the following factors that might influence the efficiency of interspecies cloning: (1) maturation rates of the recipient bovine oocytes; (2) nuclear donor cell types; (3) age of the yak ... | 2007 | 17055195 |
| [determination of nutrition elements in yak milk powder by atomic absorption spectrometry]. | in the present paper, orthogonal design test was planed by changing cinefaction temperature, cinefaction time, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid. yak milk powder and milk powder were digested by dry method. the contents of elements ca, mg, fe, cu, zn, mn, k and na were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the best conditions for the digestion were obtained as follows: the temperature was 510 degrees c, cinefaction time 4 hours, and hydrochloric acid concentration 1 : 5. m ... | 2007 | 18330317 |
| abe and yak: the interactions of abraham m. lilienfeld and jacob yerushalmy in the development of modern epidemiology (1945-1973). | this paper explores the relationship between 2 persons much involved in the development of modern epidemiology, jacob yerushalmy and abraham m. lilienfeld. the formation of that relationship is described and the resulting influences by each individual on the other's professional work are discussed. interactions between these 2 men contributed to several areas of epidemiologic development, including the effects of misclassification on observational study data, elements of epidemiologic causal inf ... | 2007 | 17568222 |
| [the academic trend of oriental medicine during the japanese colonial period as observed through the publication of medical books]. | this thesis examines the academical trend of oriental medicine in the japanese colonial period observed through medical books published during the japanese colonial period. this is a period in which western medicine was introduced, and due to the lean-to-one-side policy by the japanese, western medicine became the mainstream medical science while oriental medicine was pushed to the outskirts. even after all this, the academic activity was flourishing during this period compared to any other peri ... | 2006 | 17214426 |
| the c. elegans dyrk kinase mbk-2 marks oocyte proteins for degradation in response to meiotic maturation. | the oocyte-to-embryo transition transforms a differentiated germ cell into a totipotent zygote capable of somatic development. in c. elegans, several oocyte proteins, including the meiotic katanin subunit mei-1 and the oocyte maturation protein oma-1, must be degraded during this transition . degradation of mei-1 and oma-1 requires the dual-specificity yak-1-related (dyrk) kinase mbk-2 . here, we demonstrate that mbk-2 directly phosphorylates mei-1 and oma-1 in vitro and that this activity is es ... | 2006 | 16338136 |
| [characteristics of the g-loads in sports stunt flying]. | thirty well-qualified flying sportsmen, aged 22-42, who performer 210 aerobatic flights onboard a sporting airplane yak-50, were examined, using an automatic monitoring system. the flyers were exposed to +9 gz and -6 gz as a maximum the duration of which was 10 s and 5 s, respectively. the onset rate varied from 0.5 to 2.5 g/s (with the mean rate 1 g/s), reaching 4.2 g/s as a maximum. on the average, the training flight lasts 25 min, 45-50% of which the pilot experiences acceleration of various ... | 2006 | 4087854 |
| [effect of vibration and noise on the work capacity indices of the crews of the mi-4 helicopters]. | the study of certain parameters of performance of crewmembers of mi-4 helicopters revealed their significant changes after a working day. the percentage of errors in the reproduction of a preassigned muscular tension increased, the percentage of precise reactions to the moving object decreased, the critical frequency of light flickering decreased, the number of contacts during static tremometry increased. in the control group consisting of crewmembers of the aircraft yak-40 these parameters vari ... | 2006 | 692071 |
| biology of the wool follicle: an excursion into a unique tissue interaction system waiting to be re-discovered. | wool fibres are hairs and the term 'wool' is usually restricted to describe the fine curly hairs that constitute the fleece produced by sheep. in a broader sense, it can be used to describe the fleeces produced by related species such as goat or yak. research into the biology of wool growth and the structure of the wool fibre has been driven by the demands of the wool industry to improve both the efficiency of growing wool and the quality of the product. well beyond this very applied perspective ... | 2006 | 17083360 |
| origin of mitochondrial dna diversity of domestic yaks. | the domestication of plants and animals was extremely important anthropologically. previous studies have revealed a general tendency for populations of livestock species to include deeply divergent maternal lineages, indicating that they were domesticated in multiple, independent events from genetically discrete wild populations. however, in water buffalo, there are suggestions that a similar deep maternal bifurcation may have originated from a single population. these hypotheses have rarely bee ... | 2006 | 16995938 |