Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| an investigation on the diversity of mosquitocidal bacteria and its relationship with incidence of vector borne diseases. | control of mosquitoes is the most important aspect of public health, as mosquitoes transmit many human diseases, including the fatal infection, japanese encephalitis. this paper addresses the isolation of new mosquitocidal bacteria from soil samples in the union territory of pondicherry, india, where, no clinical cases of vector borne infections have been reported. bacterial isolates from soil samples were screened for potential mosquitocidal strains and bioassays against mosquito vectors (culex ... | 2015 | 25801257 |
| feeding stage, species, body part and sex-specific activity of glutathione s-transferase in mosquito. | in the present study, the feeding stage, body parts, development and sex specific activity of glutathione s-transferases (gsts) were observed in different mosquito species (aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, an. culicifacies, an. annularis, an. subpictus, an. vagus). gst activity was assayed spectrophotometrically at 23°c, using a uv max microplate reader, to measure the rate of conjugation of gsh to cdnb. a significant species-specific difference in the activity of gst ... | 2015 | 25801255 |
| identification of chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of essential oil from murraya exotica l. (rutaceae) against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | this study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical composition and larvicidal effect of leaf essential oil from murraya exotica against early fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analyses revealed that the essential oil contained 27 components. the major chemical components identified were β-humulene (40.62%), benzyl benzoate (23.96%), β-caryophyllene (7.05%) and α-terpi ... | 2015 | 25697880 |
| synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using gmelina asiatica leaf extract against filariasis, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes. | mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and filariasis. the continued use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in resistance in mosquitoes. synthetic insecticides are toxic and affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air, and then natural products may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides because they are effective, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and safe to envir ... | 2015 | 25666372 |
| evaluation of some aromatic plant extracts for mosquito larvicidal potential against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi. | in the present investigation, larvicidal potential of hexane, choloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of seven aromatic plants, viz., blumea mollis, chloroxylon swietenia, clausena anisata, feronia limnonia, lantana camera, plectranthus amboinicus, and tagetes erecta were screened against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi. the larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. the results revealed that all the extracts showed varie ... | 2015 | 25630696 |
| ovicidal and adulticidal potential of leaf and seed extract of albizia lebbeck (l.) benth. (family: fabaceae) against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus, and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. in the present study, hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of leaf and seed of albizia lebbeck were assayed for their toxicity agai ... | 2015 | 25681143 |
| laboratory evaluation of indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus, and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world ... | 2015 | 25399815 |
| di-rhamnolipid is a mosquito pupicidal metabolite from pseudomonas fluorescens (vcrc b426). | pseudomonas fluorescens migula (vcrc b426) produces a secondary metabolite, which was found to be active against pupae of vector mosquitoes namely culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. the mosquito pupicidal metabolite from p. fluoescens was mass produced and separated by ethyl acetate extraction and purified further by silica gel column chromatography, fplc, hplc and tlc. the purified metabolite was characterized by nmr, ft-ir, lc-ms and maldi-tof. the ft-ir, (1)h and ( ... | 2015 | 25912083 |
| mosquito larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using chomelia asiatica (rubiaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. mosquito control is to enhance the health and quality of life of county residents and visitors through the reduction of mosquito populations. mosquito control is a serious concern in developing countries like india due to the lack of general awareness, development of resistance, and socioeconomic reasons. today, nanotechnology is a promising research domain which has a wide ranging application in vector control pr ... | 2015 | 25544703 |
| adulticidal and smoke toxicity of cipadessa baccifera (roth) plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. | mosquito vectors are responsible for the transmission of parasitic and viral infections, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the adulticidal and smoke toxicity of cipadessa baccifera (roth) against three important mosquitoes vectors, anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). adult mortality was observed after 24-h recovery ... | 2015 | 25320044 |
| screening of rubiaceae and apocynaceae extracts for mosquito larvicidal potential. | rubiaceae and apocynaceae families are well known for the expression of cyclotides having insecticidal properties. leaves and flowers extracts of plants from the families rubiaceae (ixora coccinea) and apocynaceae (allamanda violacea) were evaluated for mosquito larvicidal effect against early ivth instars of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. two forms of plant extracts, one untreated and the other treated with heat and proteolytic enzyme were used for assay. after primary assay, the extrac ... | 2015 | 25317964 |
| phospholipid topography of whole-body sections of the anopheles stephensi mosquito, characterized by high-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. | high-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (ap-smaldi msi) has been employed to study the molecular anatomical structure of rodent malaria vector anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. a dedicated sample preparation method was developed which suits both, the special tissue properties of the sample and the requirements of high-resolution maldi imaging. embedding in 5% carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) was used to maintain the ... | 2015 | 26491885 |
| deltamethrin induced functional mortality of anopheles stephensi, the urban malaria vector, in relation to resistance development. | 2015 | 26418659 | |
| aristolochia indica green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: a sustainable control tool against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi? | malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. we biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (agnp) using aristolochia indica extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. agnp were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, edx and xrd. in laboratory, lc50 of a. indica extract against anopheles stephensi ranged from 262.66 (larvae i) to 565.02 ppm (pupae). lc50 of agnp against a. stephensi ranged from 3.94 (larva ... | 2015 | 26412532 |
| datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. the employ of synthetic insecticides to control anopheles populations leads to high operational costs, non-target effects, and induced resistance. recently, plant-borne compounds have been proposed for efficient and rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. however, their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has been poorly studied. in t ... | 2015 | 26337272 |
| blood-feeding behaviors of anopheles stephensi but not phlebotomus papatasi are influenced by actively warming guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) under general anesthesia. | animal models are often used to study hematophagous insect feeding behavior and evaluate products such as topical repellents. however, when these models are used the study animals often experience significant drops in core body temperature because of the effects of anesthesia. this study used a guinea pig model to investigate whether maintaining a normothermic core body temperature during anesthesia influenced the rate of anopheles stephensi and phlebotomus papatasi blood feeding. experiments we ... | 2015 | 26181690 |
| green chemistry focus on optimization of silver nanoparticles using response surface methodology (rsm) and mosquitocidal activity: anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | there is an exigent necessity for development of environmental friendly bio-control agent(s) for elimination of mosquito due to increased resistance resurgence against synthetic control agents. mosquito control strategy will lay a strong foundation to malaria exclusion or it can be curbed to certain level especially in the developing nations. in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using tridax procumbens leaf extract as a reducing agent. the reaction med ... | 2015 | 26010566 |
| a novel biopesticide ponneem to control human vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. | organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. these chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. the objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of azadirachta indica and pongamia glabra, was tested against anopheles stephensi and culex quinq ... | 2015 | 25929457 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge cliona celata (grant) extracts against anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate the larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge cliona celata (c. celata) (grant) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) liston. | 2015 | 25901921 |
| resveratrol fails to extend life span in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | resveratrol, a plant polyphenol present in grape skins, has been theorized to account for the "french paradox" by explaining how red wine may decrease the health risks associated with unhealthy diets. resveratrol has been reported to extend life span in several different species. other studies, however, have failed to find a resveratrol-induced life span effect. a recent meta-study analyzing previously published survival data concluded that, although resveratrol reliably and reproducibly extends ... | 2015 | 25848933 |
| chlorfenapyr: irritant effect compared to other insecticides and its intrinsic toxicity in multiple-insecticide-susceptible and -resistant anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | for effective management of vector resistance there is a need for new insecticide molecules with novel modes of action. for desired toxic effect of an insecticide, apart from other behavioural aspects, toxicity and chemical nature of the molecule are important that may cause irritability in the mosquito to the insecticide affecting the uptake. in this study, a pyrrole class insecticide, chlorfenapyr (a late acting insecticide) was tested for its irritability against multiple-insecticide-suscepti ... | 2015 | 25815874 |
| larvicidal activity of few select indigenous plants of north east india against disease vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the vectors of several life threatening diseases like dengue, malaria, japanese encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis, which are widely present in the north-eastern states of india. investigations on five local plants of north-east india, selected on the basis of their use by indigenous communities as fish poison, were carried out to study their mosquito larvicidal potential against anopheles stephensi (malaria vector), stegomyia aegypti (dengue vector) and culex quinquefasciatus ... | 2015 | 25801251 |
| the anopheles stephensi odorant binding protein 1 (asteobp1) gene: a new molecular marker for biological forms diagnosis. | anopheles (cellia) stephensi liston 1901 is known as an asian malaria vector. three biological forms, namely "mysorensis", "intermediate", and "type" have been earlier reported in this species. nevertheless, the present morphological and molecular information is insufficient to diagnose these forms. during this investigation, an. stephensi biological forms were morphologically identified and sequenced for odorant-binding protein 1 (obp1) gene. also, intron i sequences were used to construct phyl ... | 2015 | 25795618 |
| toxicity of aristolochic acids isolated from aristolochia indica linn (aristolochiaceae) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | with the growth of resistance to overused insecticides, vector management has become highly problematic. hence more concentration has been focused on botanicals. therefore our present study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity of compounds, aristolochic acid i and aristolochic acid ii from the methanol extract of aristolochia indica l. (aristolochiaceae) leaves on larvae of anopheles stephensi l. (diptera: culicidae) employing world health organization standard larvicide testing procedures. the so ... | 2015 | 25660198 |
| biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using floral extract of chrysanthemum indicum l.--potential for malaria vector control. | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides synthesized of natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (ag nps) were green-synthesized using a floral extract of chrysanthemum indicum screened for larvicidal ... | 2015 | 25637241 |
| reproductive biology in anophelinae mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae): fine structure of the female accessory gland. | the morphology and ultrastructure of female accessory reproductive glands of anopheles maculipennis s.s., anopheles labranchiae and anopheles stephensi were investigated by light and electron microscopy. the reproductive system in these species is characterized by two ovaries, two lateral oviducts, a single spermatheca and a single accessory gland. the gland is globular and has a thin duct which empties into the vagina, near the opening of the spermathecal duct. significant growth of the accesso ... | 2015 | 25895726 |
| susceptibility and irritability of adult forms of main malaria vectors against insecticides used in the indoor residual sprays in muzaffargarh district, pakistan: a field survey. | in southern punjab, pakistan, muzaffargarh district is known to have insecticide-resistant anopheles and drug-resistant plasmodium spp. in this part of the country, five anopheline mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi liston, anopheles culicifacies giles, anopheles fluviatilis james, anopheles superpictus grassi, and anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae) are known as malaria vectors. among these, an. culicifacies is the primary and an. stephensi is the secondary malaria vector. outbreaks of ... | 2014 | 24724288 |
| genomic and bioinformatic analysis of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase in anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450) enzyme system is a major mechanism of xenobiotic biotransformation. the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is required for transfer of electrons from nadph to p450. one cpr gene was identified in the genome of the malaria-transmitting mosquito anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). the gene encodes a polypeptide containing highly conserved flavin mononucleotide-, flavin adenine dinucleotide-, and ... | 2014 | 25368081 |
| population genetic structure of malaria vector anopheles stephensi using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene in indian populations. | the genetic differentiation in a. stephensi based on haplotype diversity using restriction fragment length polymorphism and bysequencing of co ii gene across different localities in india has been analyzed. the presence of only one drai restriction site in co ii gene conferred to haplotype b indicating that the gene is very much conserved and the gene flow is not affected even by a major geographical distance barrier. the sequencing and analysisof various population parameters revealed seven hap ... | 2014 | 25345249 |
| solvatochromic behaviour and larvicidal activity of acridine-3-carboxylates. | a new series of substituted ethyl 10-chloro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-12-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]acridine-3-carboxylates, 3a-e have been synthesized through naoh base mediated cyclocondensation of (e)-7-chloro-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-9-phenyl-3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2h)-ones, 1a-e with ethyl acetoacetate. structures of these synthesized molecules were studied by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and ei-ms. and all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their uv-absorption studi ... | 2014 | 25240425 |
| preferential feeding success of laboratory reared anopheles stephensi mosquitoes according to abo blood group status. | recent epidemiological evidences revealed a higher rate of o blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas suggesting that groups a, b, and ab associated with a higher disease severity and fatality. also recent data showed the low prevalence of ab group within the malaria-endemic residents in south of iran and india. the aim of this study was to determine the abo blood groups preference of anopheles stephensi which is the main malaria vector in iran, southwest asia, and india. an. stephe ... | 2014 | 25151045 |
| silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology. | green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). there are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in azadirachta indica (neem). the extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. this will be sustainable technology for future. here, we synthesized agnps using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of az. indica (neem). we tested agnps as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against t ... | 2014 | 25132567 |
| a user friendly method to assess anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) vector fitness: fecundity. | fecundity, bloodmeal size, and survival are among the most important parameters in the overall fitness of mosquitoes. impact of an intervention that affects fecundity can be assessed by directly counting the eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes, which is usually done manually. we have developed a macroinstruction, which can be used to count thousands of anopheles stephensi liston eggs in a few minutes, to provide an alternative and adaptable method to egg counting as a measure of fecundity. the macro ... | 2014 | 25118416 |
| antimalarial efficacy of dynamic compound of plumbagin chemical constituent from plumbago zeylanica linn (plumbaginaceae) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | in the present investigation, the effective root compound of plumbagin of plumbago zeylanica (plumbaginaceae) was evaluated for chemical constituent and antimalarial effect against the fourth instar larvae of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera). in the chromatographic analyses of root compound with rf value of 0.788 and nmr analyses also revealed that the effective compound contain naphthoquinone plumbagin were identified as the major chemical constituent. larval mortality was observed after 3 ... | 2014 | 25028206 |
| differential expression of glutathione s-transferase enzyme in different life stages of various insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi: a malaria vector. | interest in insect glutathione s-transferases (gsts) has primarily focused on their role in insecticide resistance. these play an important role in biotransformation and detoxification of many different xenobiotic and endogenous substances including insecticides. the gst activity among 10 laboratory selected insecticide resistant and susceptible/control strains of anopheles stephensi was compared using the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). the difference in the gst activities of dif ... | 2014 | 24947216 |
| abo blood groups of residents and the abo host choice of malaria vectors in southern iran. | recent epidemiological evidences revealed the higher prevalence of 'o' blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas. also some data indicated preference of mosquitoes to 'o' group. the aim of this study was to determine abo group ratio in the residents as well as abo group preference of anopheles in two malaria endemic areas in south of iran. agglutination method was used for abo typing of residents. field blood fed anopheles specimens were tested against vertebrate dna using mtdna-cytb ... | 2014 | 24280520 |
| evaluation of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against vector mosquitoes. | diseases transmitted by blood-feeding mosquitoes, such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, japanese encephalitis, malaria, and filariasis, are increasing in prevalence, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones. to control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, which have worldwide health and economic impacts, synthetic insecticide-based interventions are still necessary, particularly in situations of epidemic outbreak and sudden increases of adult mosquitoes. green nanoparticle syn ... | 2014 | 25300419 |
| adulticidal properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of feronia elephantum (rutaceae) against filariasis, malaria, and dengue vector mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ... | 2014 | 25146645 |
| standardization of a bottle assay--an indigenous method for laboratory and field monitoring of insecticide resistance and comparison with who adult susceptibility test. | the who adult susceptibility test is in use for insecticide resistance monitoring. presently, materials are being imported from the universiti sains malaysia, malaysia and sometimes it is cost prohibitive. as an alternative, we present here a method of bottle bioassay using indigenous material. different aspects related to the assay were studied and validated in the field. bottle assay was standardized in the laboratory by using locally sourced material and laboratory-maintained insecticide-susc ... | 2014 | 25098343 |
| biofabrication of ag nanoparticles using sterculia foetida l. seed extract and their toxic potential against mosquito vectors and hela cancer cells. | a one-step and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver-(protein-lipid) nanoparticles (ag-pl nps) (core-shell) has been developed using the seed extract from wild indian almond tree, sterculia foetida (l.) (sterculiaceae). the reaction temperature played a major role in controlling the size and shell formation of nps. the amount of nps synthesized and qualitative characterization was done by uv-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (tem), respectively. tem studies exhibit ... | 2014 | 24863217 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal activity of plant extracts from clausena dentata (willd) (rutaceae) against dengue, malaria, and filariasis vectors. | mosquitoes in the larval stage are attractive targets for pesticides because mosquitoes breed in water, and thus, it is easy to deal with them in this habitat. the use of conventional pesticides in the water sources, however, introduces many risks to people and/or the environment. natural pesticides, especially those derived from plants, are more promising in this aspect. aromatic plants and their essential oils are very important sources of many compounds that are used in different respects. in ... | 2014 | 24802866 |
| mosquito larvicidal properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using heliotropium indicum (boraginaceae) against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes transmit dreadful diseases to human beings wherein biological control of these vectors using plant-derived molecules would be an alternative to reduce mosquito population. in the present study activity of aqueous leaf extract and silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using helitropium indicum plant leaves against late third instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. the range of varying concentrations of synthesized agnps (8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ... | 2014 | 24770671 |
| larvicidal potential of wild mustard (cleome viscosa) and gokhru (tribulus terrestris) against mosquito vectors in the semi-arid region of western rajasthan. | cleome viscosa l. (family: capparaceae) commonly known as tickweed or wild mustard and tribulus terrestris l. (family: zygophyllaceae) commonly known as gokhru, growing wildly in the desert areas in the monsoon and post monsoon season, are of great medicinal importance. comparative larvicidal efficacy of the extracts from seeds of c. viscosa and fruits and leaves of t. terrestris was evaluated against 3rd or early 4th stage larvae of anopheles stephensi (liston), aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and cul ... | 2014 | 24665757 |
| low-cost and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using feronia elephantum (rutaceae) against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. in the present study, the larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using feronia elephantum plant leaf extract against late ... | 2014 | 24647984 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species. | in mosquito control programs, insecticides of botanical origin have the potential to eliminate eggs, larvae, and adults. so, the larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of eugenia jambolana, solidago canadensis, euodia ridleyi, and spilanthes mauritiana were assayed against the three vector mosquito species, namely anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. the larval bioassay was conducted follow ... | 2014 | 24562451 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal, and adulticidal efficacy of erythrina indica (lam.) (family: fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and japanese encephalitis. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was unde ... | 2014 | 24322290 |
| detection and isolation of the α-proteobacterium asaia in culex mosquitoes. | investigations of microbiota within mosquitoes continue to widen the spectrum of possible symbiont-based applications against vector-borne diseases. in this context, α-proteobacteria of the genus asaia (rhodospirillales: acetobacteraceae) are emerging as possible endosymbiotic candidates, particularly in paratransgenic approaches aimed at interrupting pathogen transmission. previous studies have shown that asaia spp. distribution among anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicida ... | 2014 | 25387864 |
| fitness consequences of larval exposure to beauveria bassiana on adults of the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | entomopathogenic fungi have shown to be effective in biological control of both larval and adult stages of malaria mosquitoes. however, a small fraction of mosquitoes is still able to emerge after treatment with fungus during the larval stage. it remains unclear whether fitness of these adults is affected by the treatment during the larval stage and whether they are still susceptible for another treatment during the adult stage. therefore, we tested the effects of larval exposure to the entomopa ... | 2014 | 24694552 |
| strong larvicidal potential of artemisia annua leaf extract against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston) and dengue (aedes aegypti l.) vectors and bioassay-driven isolation of the marker compounds. | malaria and dengue are the two most important vector-borne human diseases caused by mosquito vectors anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, respectively. of the various strategies adopted for eliminating these diseases, controlling of vectors through herbs has been reckoned as one of the important measures for preventing their resurgence. artemisia annua leaf chloroform extract when tried against larvae of a. stephensi and a. aegypti has shown a strong larvicidal activity against both of these v ... | 2014 | 24158647 |
| ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal properties of asparagus racemosus (willd.) (family: asparagaceae) root extracts against filariasis (culex quinquefasciatus), dengue (aedes aegypti) and malaria (anopheles stephensi) vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present investigation was undertaken to study the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and met ... | 2014 | 24488078 |
| larvicidal and repellent properties of streptomyces sp. vitjs4 crude extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | the aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal and repellent properties of marine streptomyces sp. vitjs4 crude extracts. the marine soil samples were collected from the puducherry coast, tamil nadu, india. the isolate streptomyces sp. vitjs4 was taxonomically characterized and identified. the ethyl acetate crude extract tested for larvicidal property showed 100% mortality for all the 3 species after 24 h exposure against the early fourth instar larvae of malarial vector--anopheles st ... | 2014 | 25546945 |
| first record of the asian malaria vector anopheles stephensi and its possible role in the resurgence of malaria in djibouti, horn of africa. | anopheles stephensi is an important vector of urban malaria in india and the persian gulf area. its previously known geographical range includes southern asia and the arab peninsula. for the first time, we report a. stephensi from the african continent, based on collections made in djibouti, on the horn of africa, where this species' occurrence was linked to an unusual urban outbreak of plasmodium falciparum malaria, with 1228 cases reported from february to may 2013, and a second, more severe e ... | 2014 | 25004439 |
| a scalable assessment of plasmodium falciparum transmission in the standard membrane-feeding assay, using transgenic parasites expressing green fluorescent protein-luciferase. | the development of drugs and vaccines to reduce malaria transmission is an important part of eradication plans. the transmission-reducing activity (tra) of these agents is currently determined in the standard membrane-feeding assay (smfa), based on subjective microscopy-based readouts and with limitations in upscaling and throughput. | 2014 | 24829466 |
| molecular characterization of calreticulin from anopheles stephensi midgut cells and functional assay of the recombinant calreticulin with plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) that target the antigens on the midgut epithelium of anopheles mosquitoes are among the promising tools for the elimination of the malaria parasite. characterization and analysis of effective antigens is the first step to design tbvs. calreticulin (crt), a lectin-like protein, from anopheles albimanus midgut, has shown antigenic features, suggesting a promising and novel tbv target. crt is a highly conserved protein with similar features in vertebrates and i ... | 2014 | 25150160 |
| identification and characterization of a novel marine bacillus cereus for mosquito control. | entomopathogenic bacteria to control mosquitoes are a promising environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. in the present study, a novel mosquitocidal bacterium was isolated from marine soil collected from east coastal areas at pondicherry (india). 16s rrna gene sequence alignment depicted that this isolate belonged to bacillus cereus vcrc-b520 (ncbi: kc-119192). biochemical studies on bacterial growth, biomass, and toxin production have revealed that this strain could possibl ... | 2014 | 24192866 |
| characterization of the rel2-regulated transcriptome and proteome of anopheles stephensi identifies new anti-plasmodium factors. | mosquitoes possess an innate immune system that is capable of limiting infection by a variety of pathogens, including the plasmodium spp. parasites responsible for human malaria. the anopheles immune deficiency (imd) innate immune signaling pathway confers resistance to plasmodium falciparum. while some previously identified anopheles anti-plasmodium effectors are regulated through signaling by rel2, the transcription factor of the imd pathway, many components of this defense system remain uncha ... | 2014 | 24998399 |
| integration of mapped rna-seq reads into automatic training of eukaryotic gene finding algorithm. | we present a new approach to automatic training of a eukaryotic ab initio gene finding algorithm. with the advent of next-generation sequencing, automatic training has become paramount, allowing genome annotation pipelines to keep pace with the speed of genome sequencing. earlier we developed genemark-es, currently the only gene finding algorithm for eukaryotic genomes that performs automatic training in unsupervised ab initio mode. the new algorithm, genemark-et augments genemark-es with a nove ... | 2014 | 24990371 |
| evaluating the efficacy of biological and conventional insecticides with the new 'mcd bottle' bioassay. | control of mosquitoes requires the ability to evaluate new insecticides and to monitor resistance to existing insecticides. monitoring tools should be flexible and low cost so that they can be deployed in remote, resource poor areas. ideally, a bioassay should be able to simulate transient contact between mosquitoes and insecticides, and it should allow for excito-repellency and avoidance behaviour in mosquitoes. presented here is a new bioassay, which has been designed to meet these criteria. t ... | 2014 | 25515850 |
| wolbachia small noncoding rnas and their role in cross-kingdom communications. | in prokaryotes, small noncoding rnas (snrnas) of 50-500 nt are produced that are important in bacterial virulence and response to environmental stimuli. here, we identified and characterized snrnas from the endosymbiotic bacteria, wolbachia, which are widespread in invertebrates and cause reproductive manipulations. most importantly, some strains of wolbachia inhibit replication of several vector-borne pathogens in insects. we demonstrate that two abundant snrnas, wsnrna-46 and wsnrna-49, are ex ... | 2014 | 25512495 |
| temporal dynamics of the abc transporter response to insecticide treatment: insights from the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | in insects, abc transporters have been shown to contribute to defence/resistance to insecticides by reducing toxic concentrations in cells/tissues. despite the extensive studies about this detoxifying mechanism, the temporal patterns of abc transporter activation have been poorly investigated. using the malaria vector anopheles stephensi as a study system, we investigated the expression profile of abc genes belonging to different subfamilies in permethrin-treated larvae at different time points ... | 2014 | 25504146 |
| co-occurrence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti populations in myanmar. | single amino acid substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance constitute one of the main causative factors of knockdown resistance in insects. the kdr gene has been observed in several mosquito species; however, point mutations in the para gene of aedes aegypti populations in myanmar have not been fully characterized. the aim of the present study was to determine the types and frequencies of mutations in the para gene of aedes aegypti collected from us ... | 2014 | 25077956 |
| antigen export during liver infection of the malaria parasite augments protective immunity. | protective immunity against preerythrocytic malaria parasite infection is difficult to achieve. intracellular plasmodium parasites likely minimize antigen presentation by surface-expressed major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules on infected cells, yet they actively remodel their host cells by export of parasite factors. whether exported liver-stage proteins constitute better candidates for mhc-i antigen presentation to cd8(+) t lymphocytes remains unknown. here, we systematica ... | 2014 | 25073641 |
| abc transporters are involved in defense against permethrin insecticide in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | proteins from the abc family (atp-binding cassette) represent the largest known group of efflux pumps, responsible for transporting specific molecules across lipid membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. in arthropods they have been shown to play a role in insecticide defense/resistance. the presence of abc transporters and their possible association with insecticide transport have not yet been investigated in the mosquito anopheles stephensi, the major vector of human malaria in ... | 2014 | 25073980 |
| measurement of parasitological data by quantitative real-time pcr from controlled human malaria infection trials at the walter reed army institute of research. | the use of quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) has allowed for precise quantification of parasites in the prepatent period and greatly improved the reproducibility and statistical power of controlled human malaria infection (chmi) trials. parasitological data presented here are from non-immunized, control-challenged subjects who participated in two chmi trials conducted at the walter reed army institute of research (wrair). | 2014 | 25066459 |
| wolbachia strain walbb confers both fitness costs and benefit on anopheles stephensi. | wolbachia is a maternally transmitted intracellular bacterium that is estimated to infect up to 65% of insect species, but it is not naturally present in anopheles malaria vectors. wolbachia-based strategies for malaria vector control can be developed either through population replacement to reduce vectorial capacity or through population suppression to reduce the mosquito population. we have previously generated an. stephensi mosquitoes carrying a stable walbb wolbachia infection and have demon ... | 2014 | 25041943 |
| resistance mechanisms of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to temephos. | anopheles stephensi is a sub-tropical species and has been considered as one of the most important vector of human malaria throughout the middle east and south asian region including the malarious areas of southern iran. current reports confirmed an. stephensi resistance to temephos in oman and india. however, there is no comprehensive research on mechanisms of temephos resistance in an. stephensi in the literature. this study was designed in order to clarify the enzymatic and molecular mechanis ... | 2014 | 26114145 |
| biological activities and composition of ferulago carduchorum essential oil. | ferulago carduchorum boiss and hausskn belongs to the apiaceae family. this plant grows in west part of iran that local people added it to dairy and oil ghee to delay expiration date and give them a pleasant taste. the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic, larvicidal activities and composition of essential oil of f. carduchorum. | 2014 | 26114148 |
| ace for all - a molecular perspective. | angiotensin-i converting enzyme (ace, ec 3.4.15.1) is a zinc dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase with an essential role in mammalian blood pressure regulation as part of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (raas). as such, it has long been targeted in the treatment of hypertension through the use of ace inhibitors. although ace has been studied since the 1950s, only recently have the full range of functions of this enzyme begun to truly be appreciated. ace homologues have been found in a ... | 2014 | 25027949 |
| interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. | malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. however, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of co ... | 2014 | 25157202 |
| circumsporozoite protein-specific k(d)-restricted cd8+ t cells mediate protective antimalaria immunity in sporozoite-immunized mhc-i-k(d) transgenic mice. | although the roles of cd8+ t cells and a major preerythrocytic antigen, the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, in contributing protective antimalaria immunity induced by radiation-attenuated sporozoites, have been shown by a number of studies, the extent to which these players contribute to antimalaria immunity is still unknown. to address this question, we have generated c57bl/6 (b6) transgenic (tg) mice, expressing k(d) molecules under the mhc-i promoter, called mhc-i-k(d)-tg mice. in this study, ... | 2014 | 25132735 |
| mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis of salivary glands of urban malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | salivary gland proteins of anopheles mosquitoes offer attractive targets to understand interactions with sporozoites, blood feeding behavior, homeostasis, and immunological evaluation of malaria vectors and parasite interactions. to date limited studies have been carried out to elucidate salivary proteins of an. stephensi salivary glands. the aim of the present study was to provide detailed analytical attributives of functional salivary gland proteins of urban malaria vector an. stephensi. a pro ... | 2014 | 25126571 |
| plasmodium yoelii vitamin b5 pantothenate transporter candidate is essential for parasite transmission to the mosquito. | in nearly all non-photosynthetic cells, pantothenate (vitamin b5) transport and utilization are prerequisites for the synthesis of the universal essential cofactor coenzyme a (coa). early studies showed that human malaria parasites rely on the uptake of pantothenate across the parasite plasma membrane for survival within erythrocytes. recently, a p. falciparum candidate pantothenate transporter (pat) was characterized by functional complementation in yeast. these studies revealed that pfpat medi ... | 2014 | 25012929 |
| gravid females of the mosquito aedes aegypti avoid oviposition on m-cresol in the presence of the deterrent isomer p-cresol. | p-cresol (4-methylphenol) and its isomer m-cresol (3-methylphenol) have been shown to activate the same sensilla in aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes. whereas p-cresol has been suggested to play a role in oviposition site choice, the behavioral significance of m-cresol is unknown. | 2014 | 25008201 |
| effect of ingested human antibodies induced by rts, s/as01 malaria vaccination in children on plasmodium falciparum oocyst formation and sporogony in mosquitoes. | the circumsporozoite protein (cs protein) on the malaria parasites in mosquitoes plays an important role in sporogony in mosquitoes. the rts,s/as01 malaria vaccine candidate, which has shown significant efficacy against clinical malaria in a large phase 3 trial, targets the plasmodium falciparum cs protein, but the ability of serum from vaccinated individuals to inhibit sporogony in mosquitoes has not been evaluated. | 2014 | 25007730 |
| malaria-induced changes in host odors enhance mosquito attraction. | vector-borne pathogens may alter traits of their primary hosts in ways that influence the frequency and nature of interactions between hosts and vectors. previous work has reported enhanced mosquito attraction to host organisms infected with malaria parasites but did not address the mechanisms underlying such effects. here we document malaria-induced changes in the odor profiles of infected mice (relative to healthy individuals) over the course of infection, as well as effects on the attractiven ... | 2014 | 24982164 |
| identification of morphological and chemical markers of dry- and wet-season conditions in female anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | increased understanding of the dry-season survival mechanisms of anopheles gambiae in semi-arid regions could benefit vector control efforts by identifying weak links in the transmission cycle of malaria. in this study, we examined the effect of photoperiod and relative humidity on morphologic and chemical traits known to control water loss in mosquitoes. | 2014 | 24970701 |
| human igf1 regulates midgut oxidative stress and epithelial homeostasis to balance lifespan and plasmodium falciparum resistance in anopheles stephensi. | insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (iis) regulates cell death, repair, autophagy, and renewal in response to stress, damage, and pathogen challenge. therefore, iis is fundamental to lifespan and disease resistance. previously, we showed that insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) within a physiologically relevant range (0.013-0.13 µm) in human blood reduced development of the human parasite plasmodium falciparum in the indian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. low igf1 (0.013 µm) i ... | 2014 | 24968248 |
| hijacking of host cellular functions by an intracellular parasite, the microsporidian anncaliia algerae. | intracellular pathogens including bacteria, viruses and protozoa hijack host cell functions to access nutrients and to bypass cellular defenses and immune responses. these strategies have been acquired through selective pressure and allowed pathogens to reach an appropriate cellular niche for their survival and growth. to get new insights on how parasites hijack host cellular functions, we developed a silac (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) quantitative proteomics workflow ... | 2014 | 24967735 |
| artesunate versus chloroquine infection-treatment-vaccination defines stage-specific immune responses associated with prolonged sterile protection against both pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic plasmodium yoelii infection. | sterile protection against malaria infection can be achieved through vaccination of mice and humans with whole plasmodium spp. parasites. one such method, known as infection-treatment-vaccination (itv), involves immunization with wild type sporozoites (spz) under drug coverage. in this work, we used the different effects of antimalarial drugs chloroquine (cq) and artesunate (as) on blood stage (bs) parasites to dissect the stage-specific immune responses in mice immunized with plasmodium yoelii ... | 2014 | 24958899 |
| engineered single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mosquito mek docking site alter plasmodium berghei development in anopheles gambiae. | susceptibility to plasmodium infection in anopheles gambiae has been proposed to result from naturally occurring polymorphisms that alter the strength of endogenous innate defenses. despite the fact that some of these mutations are known to introduce non-synonymous substitutions in coding sequences, these mutations have largely been used to rationalize knockdown of associated target proteins to query the effects on parasite development in the mosquito host. here, we assay the effects of engineer ... | 2014 | 24957684 |
| identification and characterization of seminal fluid proteins in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) is an important vector for pathogens that affect human health, including the viruses that cause dengue and chikungunya fevers. it is also one of the world's fastest-spreading invasive species. for these reasons, it is crucial to identify strategies for controlling the reproduction and spread of this mosquito. during mating, seminal fluid proteins (sfps) are transferred from male mosquitoes to females, and these sfps modulate female behavior and physiol ... | 2014 | 24945155 |
| small-molecule xenomycins inhibit all stages of the plasmodium life cycle. | widespread resistance to most antimalaria drugs in use has prompted the search for novel candidate compounds with activity against plasmodium asexual blood stages to be developed for treatment. in addition, the current malaria eradication programs require the development of drugs that are effective against all stages of the parasite life cycle. we have analyzed the antimalarial properties of xenomycins, a novel subclass of small molecule compounds initially isolated for anticancer activity and s ... | 2014 | 25512429 |
| plasmodium falciparum evades mosquito immunity by disrupting jnk-mediated apoptosis of invaded midgut cells. | the malaria parasite, plasmodium, must survive and develop in the mosquito vector to be successfully transmitted to a new host. the plasmodium falciparum pfs47 gene is critical for malaria transmission. parasites that express pfs47 (nf54 wt) evade mosquito immunity and survive, whereas pfs47 knockouts (ko) are efficiently eliminated by the complement-like system. two alternative approaches were used to investigate the mechanism of action of pfs47 on immune evasion. first, we examined whether pfs ... | 2014 | 25552553 |
| increased akt signaling in the mosquito fat body increases adult survivorship. | akt signaling regulates diverse physiologies in a wide range of organisms. we examine the impact of increased akt signaling in the fat body of 2 mosquito species, the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi and the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. overexpression of a myristoylated and active form of a. stephensi and ae. aegypti akt in the fat body of transgenic mosquitoes led to activation of the downstream signaling molecules forkhead box o (foxo) and p70 s6 kinase in a tissue and blood ... | 2014 | 25550465 |
| neither the hiv protease inhibitor lopinavir-ritonavir nor the antimicrobial trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prevent malaria relapse in plasmodium cynomolgi-infected non-human primates. | plasmodium vivax malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and only one drug is in clinical use that can kill the hypnozoites that cause p. vivax relapses. hiv and p. vivax malaria geographically overlap in many areas of the world, including south america and asia. despite the increasing body of knowledge regarding hiv protease inhibitors (hiv pis) on p. falciparum malaria, there are no data regarding the effects of these treatments on p. vivax's hypnozoite form and clinical ... | 2014 | 25541998 |
| in vitro activity of waladin benzimidazoles against different life cycle stages of plasmodium parasites. | waladin1 benzimidazoles are specific inhibitors of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from wolbachia endobacteria of filarial nematodes. we report that waladin1 and two derivatives killed blood stage plasmodium falciparum in vitro (50% inhibitory concentrations, 39, 7.7, and 12.8 μm, respectively). one of these derivatives inhibited gliding motility of plasmodium berghei anka infectious sporozoites with nanomolar affinity and blocked invasion into hepatocytes but did not affect intrahepatocytic r ... | 2014 | 25313210 |
| lead clinical and preclinical antimalarial drugs can significantly reduce sporozoite transmission to vertebrate populations. | to achieve malarial elimination, we must employ interventions that reduce the exposure of human populations to infectious mosquitoes. to this end, numerous antimalarial drugs are under assessment in a variety of transmission-blocking assays which fail to measure the single crucial criteria of a successful intervention, namely impact on case incidence within a vertebrate population (reduction in reproductive number/effect size). consequently, any reduction in new infections due to drug treatment ... | 2014 | 25385107 |
| a slot blot immunoassay for quantitative detection of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in mosquito midgut oocyst. | there is still a need for sensitive and reproducible immunoassays for quantitative detection of malarial antigens in preclinical and clinical phases of vaccine development and in epidemiology and surveillance studies, particularly in the vector host. here we report the results of sensitivity and reproducibility studies for a research-grade, quantitative enhanced chemiluminescent-based slot blot assay (ecl-sb) for detection of both recombinant plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (rpfcs ... | 2014 | 25531543 |
| the cry toxin operon of clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia is highly toxic to aedes larval mosquitoes. | the management and control of mosquito vectors of human disease currently rely primarily on chemical insecticides. however, larvicidal treatments can be effective, and if based on biological insecticides, they can also ameliorate the risk posed to human health by chemical insecticides. the aerobic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis and lysinibacillus sphaericus have been used for vector control for a number of decades. but a more cost-effective use would be an anaerobic bacterium because of the eas ... | 2014 | 25002432 |
| kaf156 is an antimalarial clinical candidate with potential for use in prophylaxis, treatment, and prevention of disease transmission. | renewed global efforts toward malaria eradication have highlighted the need for novel antimalarial agents with activity against multiple stages of the parasite life cycle. we have previously reported the discovery of a novel class of antimalarial compounds in the imidazolopiperazine series that have activity in the prevention and treatment of blood stage infection in a mouse model of malaria. consistent with the previously reported activity profile of this series, the clinical candidate kaf156 s ... | 2014 | 24913172 |
| a cysteine protease inhibitor of plasmodium berghei is essential for exo-erythrocytic development. | plasmodium parasites express a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases (icp) throughout their life cycle. to analyze the role of icp in different life cycle stages, we generated a stage-specific knockout of the plasmodium berghei icp (pbicp). excision of the pbicb gene occurred in infective sporozoites and resulted in impaired sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes, despite residual pbicp protein being detectable in sporozoites. the vast majority of these parasites invading a cultured hepatocyte cell ... | 2014 | 25166051 |
| host pi(3,5)p2 activity is required for plasmodium berghei growth during liver stage infection. | malaria parasites go through an obligatory liver stage before they infect erythrocytes and cause disease symptoms. in the host hepatocytes, the parasite is enclosed by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). here, we dissected the interaction between the plasmodium parasite and the host cell late endocytic pathway and show that parasite growth is dependent on the phosphoinositide 5-kinase (pikfyve) that converts phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [pi(3)p] into phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphospha ... | 2014 | 24992508 |
| 4-1bbl enhances cd8+ t cell responses induced by vectored vaccines in mice but fails to improve immunogenicity in rhesus macaques. | t cells play a central role in the immune response to many of the world's major infectious diseases. in this study we investigated the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily costimulatory molecule, 4-1bbl (cd137l, tnfsf9), for its ability to increase t cell immunogenicity induced by a variety of recombinant vectored vaccines. to efficiently test this hypothesis, we assessed a number of promoters and developed a stable bi-cistronic vector expressing both the antigen and adjuvant. co-expressi ... | 2014 | 25140889 |
| a novel plant-produced pfs25 fusion subunit vaccine induces long-lasting transmission blocking antibody responses. | malaria transmission blocking vaccines (tbv) directed against proteins expressed on sexual stages of plasmodium falciparum in the mosquito midgut are considered an effective means to reduce malaria transmission. antibodies induced by tbv block sporogonic development in the mosquito, and thus transmission to the next human host. the pfs25 protein, expressed on the surface of gametes, zygotes and ookinetes, is one of the primary targets for tbv development. using a plant virus-based transient expr ... | 2014 | 25483525 |
| native microbiome impedes vertical transmission of wolbachia in anopheles mosquitoes. | over evolutionary time, wolbachia has been repeatedly transferred between host species contributing to the widespread distribution of the symbiont in arthropods. for novel infections to be maintained, wolbachia must infect the female germ line after being acquired by horizontal transfer. although mechanistic examples of horizontal transfer exist, there is a poor understanding of factors that lead to successful vertical maintenance of the acquired infection. using anopheles mosquitoes (which are ... | 2014 | 25114252 |
| vectored antibody gene delivery protects against plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge in mice. | malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum kills nearly one million children each year and imposes crippling economic burdens on families and nations worldwide. no licensed vaccine exists, but infection can be prevented by antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein (csp), the major surface protein of sporozoites, the form of the parasite injected by mosquitoes. we have used vectored immunoprophylaxis (vip), an adeno-associated virus-based technology, to introduce preformed antibody genes encod ... | 2014 | 25114213 |
| chemical interrogation of the malaria kinome. | malaria, an infectious disease caused by eukaryotic parasites of the genus plasmodium, afflicts hundreds of millions of people every year. both the parasite and its host utilize protein kinases to regulate essential cellular processes. bioinformatic analyses of parasite genomes predict at least 65 protein kinases, but their biological functions and therapeutic potential are largely unknown. we profiled 1358 small-molecule kinase inhibitors to evaluate the role of both the human and the malaria k ... | 2014 | 25111632 |
| assessment of therapeutic responses to gametocytocidal drugs in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | indirect clinical measures assessing anti-malarial drug transmission-blocking activity in falciparum malaria include measurement of the duration of gametocytaemia, the rate of gametocyte clearance or the area under the gametocytaemia-time curve (auc). these may provide useful comparative information, but they underestimate dose-response relationships for transmission-blocking activity. following 8-aminoquinoline administration p. falciparum gametocytes are sterilized within hours, whereas cleara ... | 2014 | 25486998 |
| maternal germline-specific genes in the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi: characterization and application for disease control. | anopheles stephensi is a principal vector of urban malaria on the indian subcontinent and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito biology. to enhance our understanding of female mosquito reproduction, and to develop new tools for basic research and for genetic strategies to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases, we identified 79 genes that displayed previtellogenic germline-specific expression based on rna-seq data generated from 11 life stage-specific and sex-specif ... | 2014 | 25480960 |
| plasmodium alveolins possess distinct but structurally and functionally related multi-repeat domains. | the invasive and motile life stages of malaria parasites (merozoite, ookinete and sporozoite) possess a distinctive cortical structure termed the pellicle. the pellicle is characterised by a double-layered 'inner membrane complex' (imc) located underneath the plasma membrane, which is supported by a cytoskeletal structure termed the subpellicular network (spn). the spn consists of intermediate filaments, whose major constituents include a family of proteins called alveolins. here, we re-appraise ... | 2014 | 25475193 |