Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides. | novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides were synthesized from 1,3-dihydroxy acetone. 4'-hydroxymethyl was installed by [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction and 1'-methyl group was introduced by carbonyl addition of methylmagnesium bromide. the coupling of nucleosidic bases and desilylation afforded a series of novel nucleosides. the synthesized compounds 16-19 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against hiv-1, hsv-1, hsv-2, and emcv. compounds 16 and 19 exhibit toxicity non-r ... | 2005 | 16276962 |
| the polypyrimidine tract binding protein is required for efficient picornavirus gene expression and propagation. | mammalian host factors required for efficient viral gene expression and propagation have been often recalcitrant to genetic analysis. a case in point is the function of cellular factors that trans-activate internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-driven translation, which is operative in many positive-stranded rna viruses, including all picornaviruses. these ires trans-acting factors have been elegantly studied in vitro, but their in vivo importance for viral gene expression and propagation has not ... | 2005 | 15858002 |
| investigation of factors responsible for cell line cytoplasmic expression differences. | previous work has described a novel cytoplasmic expression system that results in a 20-fold increase in the levels of gene expression over a standard cmv-based nuclear expression system, as compared with a 2-3 fold increase seen with previous similar systems. while this increase was seen with bhk and neuro-2a cells, further studies revealed that some cell lines, such as cos-7, demonstrated relatively poor levels of cytoplasmic expression. the objective of this study was to determine what factors ... | 2005 | 15888202 |
| the 5'-terminal region of the aichi virus genome encodes cis-acting replication elements required for positive- and negative-strand rna synthesis. | aichi virus is a member of the family picornaviridae. it has already been shown that three stem-loop structures (sl-a, sl-b, and sl-c, from the 5' end) formed at the 5' end of the genome are critical elements for viral rna replication. in this study, we further characterized the 5'-terminal cis-acting replication elements. we found that an additional structural element, a pseudoknot structure, is formed through base-pairing interaction between the loop segment of sl-b (nucleotides [nt] 57 to 60) ... | 2005 | 15890931 |
| internal initiation of translation of the trkb mrna is mediated by multiple regions within the 5' leader. | translational regulation of the dendritically localized mrna encoding for the neurotrophin receptor trkb has important ramifications for synaptic function. we examined whether the trkb mrna is translated through an internal initiation entry site (ires). the human trkb 5' leaders are derived from the use of alternative promoters and alternative splicing, but all 5' leaders share a common exon. insertion of a full-length 5' leader, as well as the common exon into the intercistronic region of a dic ... | 2005 | 15908588 |
| propranolol ameliorates and epinephrine exacerbates progression of acute and chronic viral myocarditis. | recent studies point to important interactions between proinflammatory cytokines and neurohumoral mediators in heart failure. here we investigate the influence of the beta-adrenergic system on cytokines and neurohumoral factors and the sequelae of viral myocarditis. in an experimental model with virus-infected balb/c mice, we studied the acute and chronic effects of epinephrine and propranolol on myocardial morphology, cytokine gene expression, and survival. balb/c mice were inoculated with the ... | 2005 | 15923319 |
| the occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in european pigs from 1990 to 2001. | the occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among domestic pigs and wild boar in several european countries is described and discussed. from 1990 to 2001 clinical outbreaks were analysed and serum samples, partly from existing screening programmes, were tested for antibodies against emcv. most clinical emcv outbreaks were reported in belgium (320), followed by italy (110), greece (15) and cyprus (6). the outbreaks appeared to be clustered in 'endemic areas' with an increase in outbreaks ... | 2005 | 15962562 |
| adiponectin replacement therapy attenuates myocardial damage in leptin-deficient mice with viral myocarditis. | the effects of adiponectin replacement therapy on myocardial damage were studied in leptin-deficient (ob) mice with acute viral myocarditis. encephalomyocarditis virus was injected intraperitoneally into ob and wild-type (wt) mice. one subgroup of ob mice received no intervention and another subgroup received daily adiponectin replacement, simultaneously with viral inoculation. differences in heart weight, cardiac histological score, numbers of infiltrating or apoptotic cells in the myocardium a ... | 2005 | 15790132 |
| comparison of impact of emcv replication on the nuclear apparatus of nih 3t3 and hep-2 cells. | we have investigated differences between the actions of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) on cytometric indices in cultured nih 3t3 and hep-2 cells, which are characterized by different levels of transformation. hep-2 cells surviving 48 h after emcv infection showed lower nuclear ploidy, reduced nuclear area, fewer nucleoli and a higher percentage of euploid cells. there was a significant increase of nucleolar/nuclear dna 6-24 h after emcv infection. however, emcv had markedly different effects ... | 2005 | 15996489 |
| encephalomyocarditis in monkeys. | this paper presents the results of studies of a spontaneous viral infection in monkeys--encephalomyocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. the infection first detected in the sukhumi breeding center in 1974 was observed in the adler breeding center since 2001. the characteristics of the virus are described and principles of diagnostic by the results of pathologic studies are presented. | 2005 | 16027852 |
| induction of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral responses require protein deacetylase activity. | histone deacetylase (hdac) activity, commonly correlated with transcriptional repression, was essential for transcriptional induction of ifn-stimulated genes (isg). inhibition of hdac function led to global impairment of isg expression, with little effect on basal expression. hdac function was not required for signal transducer and activator of transcription tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or assembly on chromatin, but it was needed for full activity of the signal transducer and ... | 2004 | 15210966 |
| phospholipid scramblase 1 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon. | phospholipid scramblase 1 (plscr1) is an interferon (ifn)- and growth factor-inducible, calcium-binding protein that either inserts into the plasma membrane or binds dna in the nucleus depending on its state of palmyitoylation. in certain hematopoietic cells, plscr1 is required for normal maturation and terminal differentiation from progenitor cells as regulated by select growth factors, where it promotes recruitment and activation of src kinases. plscr1 is a substrate of src (and abl) kinases, ... | 2004 | 15308695 |
| leptin deficiency enhances myocardial necrosis and lethality in a murine model of viral myocarditis. | to investigate the role of leptin in the development of viral myocarditis and cardiac necrosis, we used a murine model of viral myocarditis. we intraperitoneally injected encephalomyocarditis virus (500 plaque-forming units/mouse) for wild type c57 bl/6 mice (wt) and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (ob) (n = 20 for each). ten-day survival rate was 25% in ob, whereas it was 95% in wt. heart weights on day 10 were significantly elevated in ob compared with those in wt (107.2 +/- 9.4 vs. 96.6 +/- 7.9 m ... | 2004 | 15240179 |
| experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pregnant mice. | the present study was carried out to clarify the mode of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection in pregnant mice. pregnant balb/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with the d variant of emc virus (emc-d) (5 x 10(2) pfu/mouse) on 11 days of gestation and killed at 1, 3, and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). the virus titer (dam's serum, placenta, and fetus), histopathology (fetus, placenta, and uterus), distribution of viral rna (fetus, placenta and uterus), and ultrastructure (fetal heart ... | 2004 | 15351236 |
| effects of tacrolimus (fk506) on encephalomyocarditic virus-induced diabetes in mice. | the effects of tacrolimus on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) induced by the d-variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (d-emcv) have been investigated. male balb/c mice were treated with tacrolimus before viral inoculation, and then were inoculated with 10 plaque forming units (pfu) of demcv. the mice continued to be treated with tacrolimus until the animals were sacrificed. d-emcv-infected mice, which were treated with saline as controls, showed abnormal glucose tolerance test (gtt) val ... | 2004 | 14734853 |
| nmr studies of the structure and mg2+ binding properties of a conserved rna motif of emcv picornavirus ires element. | the structure and mg(2+) binding properties of a conserved 75mer rna motif of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) element of encephalomyocarditis virus picornavirus have been investigated by (1)h-nmr and uv melting experiments. the assignment of the imino proton resonances with characteristic chemical shift dispersion for canonical and non-canonical base pairs confirmed the predicted secondary structure of the 75mer and its fragments. addition of mg(2+) resulted in a dramatic increase in app ... | 2004 | 15353559 |
| prevalent human coxsackie b-5 virus infects porcine islet cells primarily using the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor. | we have previously demonstrated that transplanting porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-infected porcine islet cells (pics) results in transmission of the virus to recipient mice, which is manifested by acute fatal infection within 5 to 8 days. here, we determined pic susceptibility to a related and highly prevalent human picornavirus, coxsackie b-5 virus (cvb-5). | 2004 | 15479464 |
| encephalomyocarditis-virus-induced diabetes model resembles "fulminant" type 1 diabetes in humans. | 2004 | 15502917 | |
| viruses in type 1 diabetes: brief review. | type 1 diabetes results from the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. although the etiology of type 1 diabetes is believed to have a major genetic component, studies on the risk of developing type 1 diabetes suggest that environmental factors, such as viruses, may be important etiological determinants. among the viruses, the most clear and unequivocal evidence that a virus induces type 1 diabetes in animals comes from studies on the d variant of encephalomyocarditi ... | 2004 | 15229381 |
| a poly(a) tail-responsive in vitro system for cap- or ires-driven translation from hela cells. | in cells, the poly(a) tail stimulates translation from messenger rnas bearing a cap structure or viral ires elements. this 3' end-mediated stimulation of translation is not reflected in commonly used commercial cell-free translation systems prepared from rabbit reticulocytes or wheat germ. we describe a simple procedure to generate poly(a) tail-responsive translation extracts from hela cells. we suggest that this procedure should be adaptable to many animal cell lines. | 2004 | 14770005 |
| transplanting encephalomyocarditis virus-infected porcine islet cells reverses diabetes in recipient mice but also transmits the virus. | previous studies demonstrated that porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) caused acute and persistent infection in the myocardium, central nervous system, and spleen of non-human primates (cynomolgus macaques); and it productively infected primary human cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the virus may pose a risk in pig-to-human transplantation. recently, transplantation of myocardial and pancreatic tissues from acutely infected pigs transmitted the virus to recipient mice, resulting in acute fa ... | 2004 | 14962278 |
| production of anti-cd2 chimeric antibody by recombinant animal cells. | expression vectors for chimeric anti-cd2 antibody were constructed in order to clarify the importance of the expression ratio of heavy (h-) and light (l-) chains of antibody to antibody production in animal cells. the antibody genes were introduced into cells using plasmid dna vectors or replication-defective retroviral vectors. productivity was maximal when the expression ratio of h-and l-chains was 1:1, and decreased when the ratio was not equal. we also examined the expression of antibody usi ... | 2004 | 16233709 |
| stable expression of three genes from a tricistronic retroviral vector containing a picornavirus and 9-nt cellular internal ribosome entry site elements. | retroviral vectors are used widely to deliver heterologous genes into cells. in order to express three genes from a single rna molecule, a retroviral vector that contains two divergent internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequences has been constructed successfully. to eliminate the high frequency of recombination within a mulicistronic retrovirus vector, a 9-nt segment of a cellular mrna ires and a picornaviral ires were used, since these two ires sequences have minimal sequence homology. after ... | 2004 | 14667529 |
| porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the necessary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine; however, a variety of co-factors, including other infectious agents, are thought to be necessary in the full expression of disease. porcine parvovirus (ppv) was found in the inoculum used in the first experiments to reproduce pmws in gnotobiotic swine. retrospective and prospective studies in the field and laboratory have demonstrated pcv-2 can act synergistically with ppv to enhan ... | 2004 | 14741128 |
| continuous-flow uvc irradiation: a new, effective, protein activity-preserving system for inactivating bacteria and viruses, including erythrovirus b19. | despite the increasing number of screening tests being introduced, ensuring the inactivation of blood-borne pathogens in blood-derived therapeutic material is a major concern. dynamic continuous-flow uvc irradiation is a new way to inactivate a large range of pathogens without adding any photosentizers. the efficacy of different methods was evaluated against the following viruses: murine parvovirus mvmp, human b19, the encephalomyocarditis virus (emc, a picornavirus used as a model for model for ... | 2004 | 15081608 |
| antiviral effects of sulfated exopolysaccharide from the marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03. | the sulfated exopolysaccharide p-kg03, which is produced by the marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03, exhibited impressive antiviral activity in vitro (ec50 = 26.9 micro g/ml) against the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). depending on the p-kg03 concentration, the development of cytopathic effects in emcv-infected hela cells was either inhibited completely or slowed. moreover, p-kg03 did not show any cytotoxic effects on hela cells, even at concentrations up to 1000 microg/ml. the ... | 2004 | 14508657 |
| removal of small non-enveloped viruses by nanofiltration. | nanofiltration is one of the most effective virus reduction methods in the manufacturing process of plasma products. however, it is difficult to remove small viruses from high molecular weight protein preparations like immunoglobulin g or factor viii complex by nanofiltration, because the size of the protein is similar to that of viruses. in order to separate the viruses from these proteins by nanofiltration, it is necessary to change the size of either one. in this study, we report that such no ... | 2004 | 15144526 |
| assays for antiviral activity. | 2004 | 14573896 | |
| suppression of cytokines and nitric oxide production, and protection against lethal endotoxemia and viral myocarditis by a new nf-kappab inhibitor. | nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) is activated by several factors, which increase the inflammatory response, and this activation, in turn, leads to the expression of several genes such as cytokines, and may play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. | 2004 | 14984720 |
| monitoring for potentially xenozoonotic viruses in new zealand pigs. | shortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted evaluation of animals as an alternative donor source. pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonozes remain. despite careful monitoring of high-health-status (hhs) pigs, there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. furthermore, pathogens which are significant in xenotransplantation are not necessarily those of veterinary importance. the detection of these potentially transmissible ... | 2004 | 14695679 |
| introduction of ns5a mutations enables subgenomic hcv replicon derived from chimpanzee-infectious hc-j4 isolate to replicate efficiently in huh-7 cells. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) subgenomic replicon has been reported to replicate efficiently and continuously in human hepatoma huh-7 cells. to extend the previous results to other isolated hcv clones, we constructed another hcv replicon from hc-j4, one of chimpanzee-infectious hcv clones. an hcv replicon derived from hc-j4 (rpj4) consists of hcv-5' untranslated region, neomycin phosphotransferase gene, the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site, hcv nonstructural region, ns3 to ns5b ... | 2004 | 15357644 |
| melatonin and viral infections. | the therapeutic effects of melatonin against viral infections, with emphasis on the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee), are reviewed. melatonin has been shown to prevent paralysis and death in mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus and to decrease viremia. melatonin also postpones the onset of the disease produced by semliki forest virus inoculation and reduces the mortality of west nile virus-infected mice stressed by either isolation or dexamethasone injection. an increase in ... | 2004 | 14962057 |
| [screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against zoonotic agents in employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria. sixty out of 120 employees participated in the study. in 97% of them antibodies to at least one zoonotic agent were identified. only two participants were free of antibodies to the zoonotic agents tested. the following seroprevalences (in brackets) were obtained: viral zoonotic (and potentially zoonotic) agents: influenzavirus a/h1n1 ... | 2004 | 15495931 |
| presence of an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site sequence in avian infectious bronchitis virus defective rnas abolishes rescue by helper virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) defective rnas (d-rnas) have been used for the expression of heterologous genes in a helper-virus-dependent expression system. the heterologous genes were expressed under the control of an ibv transcription-associated sequence (tas) derived from gene 5 of ibv beaudette. however, coronavirus d-rna expression vectors display an inherent instability following serial passage with helper virus, resulting in the eventual loss of the heterologous genes. the use o ... | 2004 | 14990691 |
| exploiting internal ribosome entry sites in gene therapy vector design. | efficient and regulated co-expression of multiple genes is an important consideration in the design of gene therapy vectors. while the augmentation of a single therapeutic gene is often sufficient for gene therapy of simple mendelian disorders, strategies for the treatment of complex disorders and infectious diseases necessitate the introduction of multiple genes into the cell. complex disorders such as cancer often involve mutations in multiple genes and a combination strategy targeting differe ... | 2004 | 15032611 |
| herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff protein is stimulated by translation initiation factors eif4b and eif4h. | the virion host shutoff protein (vhs) of herpes simplex virus triggers accelerated degradation of cellular and viral mrnas while sparing other cytoplasmic rna species. previous work has shown that vhs forms a complex with translation initiation factor eif4h, which displays detectable rnase activity in the absence of other viral or host proteins. however, the contributions of eif4h and other host factors to the activity and mrna targeting properties of vhs have not yet been directly examined. an ... | 2004 | 15078951 |
| transmission and pathogenicity of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among rats. | due to the probable role played by rodents as a reservoir for the transmission of the emc virus to pigs, the experiment reported here was performed in order to assess the transmission rate of emcv within a rat population. twenty-five eight-week-old wistar rats housed in individual plastic cages were experimentally infected either with a greek myocardial emcv strain (5 rats with a 0.2 x 10(6) tcid50 dose per rat and 10 rats with a 0.5 x 10(4.5) tcid50 dose per rat, oronasally) or a belgian myocar ... | 2004 | 15099508 |
| [mutual effect of translation initiation factors in binding with ires-element of encephalmyocarditis virus rna]. | 2004 | 15125237 | |
| the rhopalosiphum padi virus 5' internal ribosome entry site is functional in spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells and in their cell-free lysates: implications for the baculovirus expression system. | cap-independent internal initiation of translation occurs on a number of viral and cellular mrnas and is directed by internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements. rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) is a member of the dicistroviridae. these viruses have single-stranded, positive-sense rna genomes that contain two open reading frames, both preceded by ires elements. previously, the activity of the rhpv 5' utr ires has been demonstrated in mammalian, drosophila and wheat germ in vitro translation syst ... | 2004 | 15166440 |
| characteristics of testicular lesions in mice infected with a low dose of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. | we investigated the characteristics of testicular lesions induced in mice with a low dose (10 plaque forming units/mouse) of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus. the virus titers of blood and testis peaked at 5 days post-inoculation (5 dpi) and were no longer detected at 14 dpi. the ifn-gamma and inos mrnas expression in the testis and spleen detected by rt-pcr was prominently elevated at 7 dpi, although the expression level of tnf-alpha mrna was not affected. signals of viral rn ... | 2004 | 15215053 |
| the role of cd4(+) t cells in biphasic hind limb paralysis induced by the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) in dba/2 mice. | dba/2 crslc mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) (10 pfu/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis due to spinal cord lesion. the early phase lesion was characterized by demyelination with infiltration of macrophages in the funiculus lateraris and the late phase lesion by degeneration of motor neurons with infiltration of cd4(+) t cells in the cornu ventrale. in the present study, treatment with anti-mac1 monoclonal antibody (mab) or anti-cd4 mab prior to vir ... | 2004 | 14993738 |
| effect of challenge dose and age in experimental infection of pigs with encephalomyocarditis virus. | two experiments were performed to compare the severity of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in pigs. the pigs were challenged with the greek myocardial strain, at different ages and with different doses. in the first experiment, nineteen susceptible pigs, 40 days old, were divided into three groups and were experimentally infected with 10(6) tcid(50), 10(4) tcid(50) or 10(2) tcid(50) of the greek emcv strain. in the second experiment, 10 susceptible pigs, of either 20 or 105 days, were ... | 2004 | 15066721 |
| new class of orthopoxvirus antiviral drugs that block viral maturation. | by using a homology-based bioinformatics approach, a structural model of the vaccinia virus (vv) i7l proteinase was developed. a unique chemical library of approximately 51,000 compounds was computationally queried to identify potential active site inhibitors. the resulting biased subset of compounds was assayed for both toxicity and the ability to inhibit the growth of vv in tissue culture cells. a family of chemotypically related compounds was found which exhibits selective activity against or ... | 2004 | 15507601 |
| the susceptibility of pregnant mice to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection on different days of gestation. | pregnant mice of the balb/c crslc strain were experimentally infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d, 5 x 10(2) pfu/head) on three different gestational days (gd). mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with emc-d on 11, 13 and 15 gd and sacrificed 3 days post inoculation. there was no significant difference in the fetal mortality among all inoculation groups. placenta showed higher virus titer than fetus and dam's serum in all inoculation groups, and the virus titer of ... | 2004 | 15153681 |
| neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of betaifn during treatment of multiple sclerosis. | to analyze the impact of neutralizing antibodies (nabs) on the clinical efficacy of ifnbeta. | 2004 | 15184610 |
| sustained phenotypic correction of hemophilia a mice following oncoretroviral-mediated expression of a bioengineered human factor viii gene in long-term hematopoietic repopulating cells. | hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are an attractive target cell population for hemophilia a gene therapy because of their capacity to regenerate the hematolymphoid system permanently following transplantation. here we transplanted bone marrow (bm) cells transduced with a splicing-optimized mscv oncoretroviral vector expressing a secretion-improved human factor viii gene into immunocompromised hemophilic mice that had received a reduced dose conditioning regimen. an enhanced green fluorescent prote ... | 2004 | 15509507 |
| azaanalogues of ebselen as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: synthesis and properties. | the different analogues of ebselen-unsubstituted benzisoselenazol-3(2h)-one (2a) 2-pyridylbenzisoselenazol-3(2h)-ones (2b-h) and 7-azabenzisoselenazol-3(2h)-ones (3a-j) were designed as new selenium-containing antiviral and antimicrobial agents and synthesized. some of them were found in the antiviral assay in vitro to be strong inhibitors of cythopatic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1--hsv-1 (compounds 2a,b,f,h, 3a-j) and encephalomyocarditis virus--emcv (compounds 2a,h, 3a-f,k,l). the c ... | 2004 | 15544790 |
| transmission of porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) to mice by transplanting emcv-infected pig tissues. | we recently demonstrated that pigs infected with porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) develop a persistent infection (up to 90 days post-infection (pi)) in the heart and brain that is accompanied by virus-induced pathologic changes, and that emcv productively infects human cardiomyocytes in vitro, suggesting that emcv may pose a risk to humans following transplantation of pig tissues to humans (brewer et al. j virol 2001; 75: 11621-11629). in this report, we demonstrate that intra-abdominal ... | 2003 | 14708524 |
| innate immune response to encephalomyocarditis virus infection mediated by cd1d. | cd1d-reactive natural killer t (nkt) cells can rapidly produce t helper type 1 (th1) and/or th2 cytokines, can activate antigen-presenting cell (apc) interleukin-12 (il-12) production, and are implicated in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. the role of the cd1d system was assessed during infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d), a picornavirus that causes acute diabetes, paralysis and myocarditis. emcv-d resistance depends on il-12-mediated interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) produ ... | 2003 | 14632651 |
| attenuation of virus-induced myocardial injury by inhibition of the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor signal and decreased nuclear factor-kappa b activation in knockout mice. | this study examined the role of angiotensin ii (ang-ii) in a murine model of viral myocarditis. | 2003 | 14662266 |
| construction of a bicistronic proangiogenic expression vector and its application in experimental angiogenesis in vivo. | manipulation of angiogenesis in vivo is an example of successful gene therapy strategies. overexpression of angiogenic genes like vegf, fgf or pdgf causes new vessel formation and improves the clinical state of patients. gene therapy is a very promising procedure but requires large amounts of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid dna. in this regard we have constructed a bicistronic plasmid dna vector encoding two proangiogenic factors, vegf165 and fgf-2. the construct (pvif) contains the internal riboso ... | 2003 | 14515168 |
| susceptibility of primary culture neurons from rats of different ages to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection. | the changes in susceptibility of neurons to the d variant of emc virus (emc-d) (10(6) pfu/well) were investigated in developing hippocampal primary cultures from postnatal days of 1, 7, and 56 fischer 344 rats (p1, p7, and p56) for up to 12 h after infection (12 hai). the virus titer of primary culture neurons increased at 1 hai, decreased at 2 hai, increased at 3 hai, peaked at 8 hai, and decreased at 12 hai in all age groups. the titers at 1 and 8 hai were lowest in p56 cultures. the virus tit ... | 2003 | 14516779 |
| analysis of t-cell receptor vbeta gene from infiltrating t cells in insulitis and myocarditis in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected balb/c mice. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus induces insulin-dependent diabetes and myocarditis in several strains of mice. the t-cell receptor (tcr) vbeta genes of infiltrating t cells in the pancreas and myocardium of balb/c mice infected with emc virus d-variant (emc-d virus) were analyzed. using a nested two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr), tcr vbeta cdnas were cloned and sequenced. two and four kinds of tcr vbeta clones were obtained from t cells infiltrating into the pancreas and myocardium of ba ... | 2003 | 14550273 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3'- and 4'-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | a series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. the construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. in addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a horner-wadsworth-emmons (hwe) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a grubbs' catalyst (ii). natural bases (a ... | 2003 | 14723348 |
| conserved nucleotides within the j domain of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site are required for activity and for interaction with eif4g. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements of cardioviruses (e.g., encephalomyocarditis virus [emcv] and foot-and-mouth disease virus) are predicted to have very similar secondary structures. among these complex rna structures there is only rather limited complete sequence conservation. within the j domain of the emcv ires there are four highly conserved nucleotides (a704, c705, g723, and a724)., which are predicted to be unpaired and have been targeted for mutagenesis. using an ires-depen ... | 2003 | 14610168 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel trans-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropyl nucleosides. | novel trans-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. the key intermediate, 3, was synthesized via five steps from ethyl chrysanthemate and condensed with purine bases using the mitsunobu reaction to give six cyclopropyl nucleosides. these synthesized nucleosides did not show any significant antiviral activity against hsv-1, hsv-2, emcv, cox b3, or vsv, at concentrations up to 100 microm. | 2003 | 14661851 |
| [sero-epidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters--comparative analysis with veterinarians, farmers, and abattoir workers]. | the aim of this study was to investigate seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to compare the results with other predisposed occupational groups already investigated and to propose preventive measures. blood samples were taken from 146 male and 3 female hunters from the provinces of styria and burgenland in the south-east of austria and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following bacterial, viral and parasitic zoonotic ag ... | 2003 | 15508783 |
| gene expression of cardiac mast cell chymase and tryptase in a murine model of heart failure caused by viral myocarditis. | this study examined the gene expression of mouse mast cell proteases to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. male dba/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the encephalomyocarditis virus and the gene expression of mast cell chymase, mouse mast cell protease (mmcp)-4 and -5, and tryptase, mmcp-6, matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 and type-i procollagen was measured by real-time quantitative rt-pcr analysis. the gene expression of mmcp-4, -5 and -6 mrna was increa ... | 2003 | 14578624 |
| functionalized alkyl and aryl diselenides as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: synthesis and properties. | the different dialkyl and diaryl diselenides with carbamoyl and sulfamoyl moieties 2, 3, 5 and other substituents in the ortho position of benzene ring 4, 7, 8 as well as derivatives of 1,2,4-benzoselenadiazine (6) were designed as antiviral and antimicrobial agents and synthesized. some of them, particularly 8a and 8b, were found in the antiviral assay in vitro to be strong inhibitors of cytopathic activity encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the compound 4a and 8a were found to have a broad spe ... | 2003 | 14630233 |
| stable expression of antisense rnas targeted to the 5' non-coding region confers heterotypic inhibition to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | the antiviral potential of transcripts targeted to the non-coding regions (ncrs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna have been studied during transient and constitutive expression in susceptible bhk-21 cells. transient expression of antisense transcripts corresponding to the 5' and 3'ncrs, alone or in combination, confers specific inhibition of homologous (serotype c) virus infection in bhk-21 cells. constitutive expression of antisense 5'ncr transcripts (5'as) exerted higher levels of in ... | 2003 | 12560572 |
| unr is required in vivo for efficient initiation of translation from the internal ribosome entry sites of both rhinovirus and poliovirus. | translation of picornavirus rnas is mediated by internal ribosomal entry site (ires) elements and requires both standard eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eifs) and ires-specific cellular trans-acting factors (itafs). unr, a cytoplasmic rna-binding protein that contains five cold-shock domains and is encoded by the gene upstream of n-ras, stimulates translation directed by the human rhinovirus (hrv) ires in vitro. to examine the role of unr in translation of picornavirus rnas in vivo, w ... | 2003 | 12610110 |
| amino acids 1-20 of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein specifically inhibit hcv ires-dependent translation in hepg2 cells, and inhibit both hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation in huh7 and cv-1 cells. | a self-modulating mechanism by the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein has been suggested to influence the level of hcv replication, but current data on this subject are contradictory. we examined the effect of wild-type and mutated core protein on hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation. the wild-type core protein was shown to inhibit both ires- and cap-dependent translation in an in vitro system. this effect was duplicated in a dose-dependent manner with a synthetic peptide representing amino ... | 2003 | 12655082 |
| characterization of a novel rna-binding region of eif4gi critical for ribosomal scanning. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4gi binds several proteins and acts as a scaffold to promote preinitiation complex formation on the mrna molecule (48s). following mrna attachment this complex scans along the messenger in a 5' to 3' direction until it locates and recognizes the initiation start codon. by using a combination of retroviral and picornaviral proteases (hiv-2 and l respectively) in the reticulocyte lysate system, we have characterized a 40 amino acid (aa) region of eif ... | 2003 | 12682023 |
| protection of cap-dependent protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro with an eif4g-1 variant highly resistant to cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease. | the shutoff of host protein synthesis by certain picornaviruses is mediated, at least in part, by proteolytic cleavage of eif4g-1. previously, we developed a cleavage site variant of eif4g-1, termed eif4g-1(sm), that was 100-fold more resistant to in vitro cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease (2a(pro)) than wild-type eif4g-1 (eif4g-1(wt)), but it was still digested at high protease concentrations. here we identified a secondary cleavage site upstream of the primary site. we changed gly at the ... | 2003 | 12475969 |
| conversion of 48s translation preinitiation complexes into 80s initiation complexes as revealed by toeprinting. | a method of analysis of translation initiation complexes by toeprinting has recently acquired a wide application to investigate molecular mechanisms of translation initiation in eukaryotes. so far, this very fruitful approach was used when researchers did not aim to discriminate between patterns of toeprints for 48s and 80s translation initiation complexes. here, using cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-dependent mrnas, we show that the toeprint patterns for 48s and 80s compl ... | 2003 | 12505166 |
| establishment and characterization of two new pig cell lines for use in virological diagnostic laboratories. | two pig cell lines derived from kidney and trachea tissues and referred to as newborn swine kidney (nsk) and newborn pig trachea (nptr) were established following serial culture of primary cells. they were characterized by an epithelial-like morphology, high capacity to replicate and stability of the cell monolayer for several days after seeding. their modal chromosome number was modified in comparison to that of primary swine cells and they both displayed a transforming potential in vitro and d ... | 2003 | 12505635 |
| viral internal ribosome entry site structures segregate into two distinct morphologies. | an increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (iress). predictions of the folding patterns of these rna motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the ires of hepatitis c virus (hcv), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. we have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus a ... | 2003 | 12743317 |
| epstein-barr virus u leader exon contains an internal ribosome entry site. | eukaryotic translation can be initiated either by a cap-dependent mechanism or by internal ribosome entry, a process by which ribosomes are directly recruited to structured regions of mrna upstream of the initiation codon. here we report the finding of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in the untranslated region of the epstein-barr nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1) gene. ebna1 is the only nuclear protein expressed in all known states of epstein-barr virus (ebv) latency and in the virus lytic cycle, ... | 2003 | 12555070 |
| early onset of virus infection and up-regulation of cytokines in mice treated with cadmium and manganese. | a substantial database indicates that a large number of environmental pollutants, chemicals and therapeutic agents to which organisms are exposed cause immunotoxicity. the suppression of immune functions may cause increased susceptibility of the host to a variety of microbial pathogens potentially resulting in a life-threatening state. evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of chemical xenobiotics is of great concern and, therefore, we have investigated the impact of exposure of inorganic metal ... | 2003 | 12572694 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| cell cycle regulation of hepatitis c and encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. | we have established stably transformed human embryonic kidney cell lines (hek293) containing bicistronic constructs to study regulation of viral internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation in vivo. these cells produce renilla luciferase (rluc) in a cap-dependent manner, while firefly luciferase (luc) synthesis is mediated by ires elements. using these cell lines, we demonstrate here that ires-mediated translation directed by both hepatitis c (hcv) and encephalomyocarditis (emcv) vir ... | 2003 | 12902037 |
| eukaryotic initiation factors 4g and 4a mediate conformational changes downstream of the initiation codon of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site. | initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus mrna is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) comprising structural domains h, i, j-k, and l immediately upstream of the initiation codon aug at nucleotide 834 (aug834). assembly of 48s ribosomal complexes on the ires requires eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2), eif3, eif4a, and the central domain of eif4g to which eif4a binds. footprinting experiments confirmed that eif4g binds a three-way helical junction in the j-k domain ... | 2003 | 12509466 |
| regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by macrophages in response to double-stranded rna and viral infection. | in this study the regulation of macrophage expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in response to dsrna and virus infection was examined. treatment of raw 264.7 macrophages with dsrna results in cox-2 mrna accumulation and protein expression and the production of pge(2). similar to dsrna, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection of raw 264.7 cells stimulates cox-2 expression and pge(2) accumulation. the dsrna-dependent protein kinase (pkr), which has been shown to participate in the regulation ... | 2003 | 12517975 |
| carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. | this study was designed to examine the effects of carvedilol in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. | 2003 | 12535832 |
| a new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. genetic factors are believed to be a major component for the development of t1d, but the concordance rate for the development of diabetes in identical twins is only about 40%, suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role in the expression of the disease. viruses are one environmental factor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of t1d. to date, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with ... | 2003 | 12592641 |
| isg20, a new interferon-induced rnase specific for single-stranded rna, defines an alternative antiviral pathway against rna genomic viruses. | interferons (ifns) encode a family of secreted proteins that provide the front-line defense against viral infections. their diverse biological actions are thought to be mediated by the products of specific but usually overlapping sets of cellular genes induced in the target cells. we have recently isolated a new human ifn-induced gene that we have termed isg20, which codes for a 3' to 5' exonuclease with specificity for single-stranded rna and, to a lesser extent, for dna. in this report, we dem ... | 2003 | 12594219 |
| exogenous porcine viruses. | porcine organs, cells and tissues provide a viable source of transplants in humans, though there is some concern of public health risk from adaptation of swine infectious agents in humans. limited information is available on the public health risk of many exogenous swine viruses, and reliable and rapid diagnostic tests are available for only a few of these. the ability of several porcine viruses to cause transplacental fetal infection (parvoviruses, circoviruses, and arteriviruses), emergence or ... | 2003 | 12934944 |
| individual differentiation of innate antiviral immunity in humans; the role of endogenous interferons and tumor necrosis factor in the immunity of leukocytes. | the natural antiviral immunity of human lymphocytes, leukocytes from peripheral blood and whole-blood cultures was studied using the method of infection with two viruses belonging to different taxonomic groups, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the kinetics of virus replication in the kinds of cultures and the dependence of culture infection on pre-infection incubation time were studied. when the cultures were infected immediately after preparation, most of ... | 2003 | 12691304 |
| problems associated with product enhancement reverse transcriptase assay using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. | in order to identify the reverse transcriptase activity in sera and conditioned media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of large granular lymphocyte leukemia patients product enhanced reverse transcriptase activity (pert) assays were performed using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. all samples obtained from conditioned media of virus-infected cell lines as well as pbmcs of lymphocytic leukemia patients and normal healthy individuals tested positive with this assay. therefore th ... | 2003 | 12711064 |
| studies on interaction between htnf-alpha and its two receptors with expressed hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion soluble receptors. | the gene encoding the n-terminal 2-50 amino acids of hbsag-pres1 was amplified by pcr and fused to the 3'-end of two human soluble tnf receptor genes to form the hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion genes. the recombinant bicistronic expression vectors were further constructed, which contained one of the human soluble tnf receptor fusion genes and the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), followed by the neomycin phosphotransferases as the selectable marker. bhk-21 c ... | 2003 | 12609545 |
| erk activation is required for double-stranded rna- and virus-induced interleukin-1 expression by macrophages. | double-stranded (ds) rna, which accumulates during viral replication, activates the antiviral response of infected cells. in this study, we have identified a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in the regulation of interleukin 1 (il-1) expression by macrophages in response to dsrna and viral infection. treatment of raw 264.7 cells or mouse macrophages with dsrna stimulates erk phosphorylation that is first apparent following a 15-min incubation and persists for up to 60 m ... | 2003 | 12609986 |
| effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus. | cellular phosphorylation events during viral infection are necessary for effective viral replication. encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus has been used for studies on the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, but little is known about the cellular signaling pathways involved. this investigation was initiated to determine whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), which are central components of signal transduction pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation, play a role in the rep ... | 2003 | 12719557 |
| evaluation of sage phenolics for their antileishmanial activity and modulatory effects on interleukin-6, interferon and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-release in raw 264.7 cells. | a series of sage phenolics was tested for activity against a panel of leishmania parasites and for immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions including release of tumour necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interferon (ifn)-like activities. for this, functional bioassays were employed including an in vitro model for leishmaniasis in which macrophage-like raw 264.7 cells were infected with leishmania parasites, an extracellular leishmania growth-inhibition assay, a fibroblast-ly ... | 2003 | 12872935 |
| cell-free synthesis of encephalomyocarditis virus. | we developed a system for complete replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in a test tube by using an in vitro translation extract from krebs-2 cells. efficient virus synthesis occurred in a narrow range of mg(2+) and emcv rna concentrations. excess input rna impaired rna replication and virus production but not translation. this suggests the existence of a negative-feedback mechanism for regulation of rna replication by the viral plus-strand rna or proteins. | 2003 | 12743313 |
| health status of a population of nutria (myocastor coypus) living in a protected area in italy. | ninety trapped nutria (myocastor coypus) from a protected area of piedmont (italy), including the po river, were examined for the prevalence for lesions in major viscera, selected serum antibodies and enteric bacteria. coccidial lesions in the liver included cholangitis, calcification and necrosis. renal lesions were nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis and a single case of renal adenocarcinoma. the lungs had a 41.1% prevalence of nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia. ten of 87 sera (11.5%) ha ... | 2003 | 12801459 |
| antiviral activity of limitin against encephalomyocarditis virus, herpes simplex virus, and mouse hepatitis virus: diverse requirements by limitin and alpha interferon for interferon regulatory factor 1. | limitin has sequence homology with alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) and ifn-beta and utilizes the ifn-alpha/beta receptor. however, it has no influence on the proliferation of normal myeloid and erythroid progenitors. in this study, we show that limitin has antiviral activity in vitro as well as in vivo. limitin inhibited not only cytopathic effects in encephalomyocarditis virus- or herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-infected l929 cells, but also plaque formation in mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) type 2 ... | 2003 | 12915574 |
| enhanced antitumor effects of a bicistronic adenovirus vector expressing both herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 against hepatocellular carcinoma. | the efficacy of the suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (hsv-tk/gcv) system for the treatment of cancer is limited because of the insufficient gene transfer and the low killing activity. to enhance the antitumor activity, we determined whether recombinant adenovirus vector (rad)s expressing both hsv-tk and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) genes could potentiate the destruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the rad ad-tk-mcp1 harboring h ... | 2003 | 12679798 |
| the genome-linked protein vpg of the norwalk virus binds eif3, suggesting its role in translation initiation complex recruitment. | the positive-strand rna genomes of caliciviruses are not capped, but are instead covalently linked at their 5' ends to a viral protein called vpg. the lack of a cap structure typical of eukaryotic mrna and absence of an internal ribosomal entry site suggest that vpg may function in translation initiation on calicivirus rna. this hypothesis was tested by analyzing binding of norwalk virus vpg to translation initiation factors. the eif3d subunit of eif3 was identified as a binding partner of vpg b ... | 2003 | 12773399 |
| genetic analysis of a theiler-like virus isolated from rats. | although cardioviruses related to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) appear to be common in mice and rats, few tmev isolates have been obtained from rat colonies. in 1991, a cardiovirus isolate designated ngs910 was obtained from sentinel rats exposed to cage bedding previously used by adult rats that were tmev seropositive, but had never manifested clinical signs of disease. to determine to which group and subgroup of cardiovirus this virus belongs, the sequence of the viral genome ... | 2003 | 12784854 |
| antiviral activity of n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of lactarius sesquiterpenoid alcohols in vitro. | cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties of a new, originally synthesised group of compounds: the n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of sesquiterpenoid alcohols - derivatives of taxol and various sesquiterpenes of lactarius origin were evaluated in vitro. among 16 compounds tested, 6 decreased hsv-1 titres. selectivity indices ranged from 13.9 to 31.7. no activity against rna viruses (parainfluenza 3, coxsackie b3, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus), bacter ... | 2003 | 12865976 |
| optimal conditions for the production of sulfated polysaccharide by marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03. | a marine microalga gyrodinium impudicum strain kg03 produced sulfated exopolysaccharide designated as p-kg03, which showed a strong antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). to optimize culture conditions for the production of p-kg03, mineral salts, vitamins, plant growth hormones, temperature, ph and light conditions were examined. from this study, m-kg03 medium for the maximum production of p-kg03 was suggested as follows; nh(4)cl 75 microm, nah(3)po(4) 200 microm, nahco(3) ... | 2003 | 12919808 |
| pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in piglets during the viraemia phase: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study. | six piglets aged 20 days were inoculated oranasally with 5 ml of a suspension (10(6) tcid(50)/ml) of a greek myocardial strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the animals either died (n=2) or were killed for examination on days 1,2 or 3 post-inoculation (pi). emcv was isolated from virtually all organs examined (heart, tonsils, palatine glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes). histopathologically, interstitial myocarditis, necrosis of cardiac muscle cells and ... | 2003 | 12921722 |
| detection of trna-like structure through rnase p cleavage of viral internal ribosome entry site rnas near the aug start triplet. | the 9600-base rna genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in its first 370 bases, including the aug start triplet at bases 342-344. structural elements of this and other ires domains substitute for a 5' terminal cap structure in protein synthesis. recent work (nadal, a., martell, m., lytle, j. r., lyons, a. j., robertson, h. d., cabot, b., esteban, j. i., esteban, r., guardia, j., and gomez, j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 30606-30613) has demonstrated that the ... | 2003 | 12746454 |
| a wild-type porcine encephalomyocarditis virus containing a short poly(c) tract is pathogenic to mice, pigs, and cynomolgus macaques. | previous studies using wild-type encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengo virus, which have long poly(c) tracts (61 to 146 c's) at the 5' nontranslated region of the genome, and variants of these viruses genetically engineered to truncate or substitute the poly(c) tracts have produced conflicting data on the role of the poly(c) tract in the virulence of these viruses. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of an emcv strain isolated from an aborted swine fetus (emcv 30/87) revealed that the viru ... | 2003 | 12915530 |
| molecular analysis of the capsid coding region of a virulent encephalomyocarditis virus isolate after serial cell passages and assessment of its virulence. | emcv has been recognized as a worldwide-shared pathogen in many host species with natural differences of virulence among strains. differences of virulence were also demonstrated experimentally after serial passages of particular emcv strains in cell culture. in order to evaluate the genetic variability of the ccr of an highly virulent belgian emcv isolate after 210 passages in cell culture, this region has been molecularly characterised by rt-pcr and sequencing. the analyses enlightened the stab ... | 2003 | 12721798 |
| a potent and specific morpholino antisense inhibitor of hepatitis c translation in mice. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an rna virus infecting one in every 40 people worldwide. current treatments are ineffective and hcv is the leading cause of liver failure leading to transplantation in the united states and europe. translational control of hcv is a prime therapeutic target. we assessed the inhibitory potential of morpholino phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides (morpholinos) on hcv translation by codelivering them with reporter plasmids expressing firefly luciferase under the tran ... | 2003 | 12883495 |
| viral stress-inducible protein p56 inhibits translation by blocking the interaction of eif3 with the ternary complex eif2.gtp.met-trnai. | viral stress-inducible protein p56 is produced in response to viral stress-inducing agents such as double-stranded rna and interferon, as well as other poorly understood mechanisms of viral infection. it has been shown previously that p56 is able to bind the eukaryotic initiation factor 3e(eif3e) (p48/int-6) subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif3 and function as an inhibitor of translation in vitro and in vivo. the exact mechanism by which p56 is able to interfere with prot ... | 2003 | 12885778 |
| encephalomyocarditis viral protein 2a localizes to nucleoli and inhibits cap-dependent mrna translation. | panels of monoclonal antibodies were raised against viral non-structural proteins of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and used to probe infected cells in laser confocal microscopy experiments and western analyses. surprisingly, all mengovirus and emcv-infected cells showed strong targeting of protein 2a, 3b(vpg), 3c(pro), and 3d(pol) signals to cellular nuclei, in particular to nucleoli, from the earliest times of infection. viral capsid proteins (1ab, 1c, and 1d) and other non-structural prote ... | 2003 | 12921995 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) proteins 2a and 3bcd localize to nuclei and inhibit cellular mrna transcription but not rrna transcription. | we have followed the viral processing cascade and polyprotein precursor fates during encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection of hela cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). within the first 2-4 h of infection, signals of antibodies specific for the 2a, 3b(vpg), 3c(pro) and 3d(pol) proteins were found to co-localize in nucleoli at the rrna synthesis and cellular protein b23 (nucleophosmin) sites. cellular fractionation identified viral protein precursor 3bcd as the common source ... | 2003 | 12921996 |
| [an intensification of antiviral and interferon effects of ridostin (an interferon inducer) by cationic liposomes in vitro and in intranasal administration]. | combined application of ridostine with catonic liposomes was shown to essentially enhance the interferon-inducing and antiviral activity of the former in experiments with cell cultures l-929, which is apparently related with an improved efficiency of intracellular delivery of dsrna. a comparative study demonstrated that ridostine, when combined with liposomes, is needed by 10(3)-10(4) times less as when it is used alone. a pretreatment of the cellular monolayer by cationic liposomes contributes ... | 2003 | 12945208 |