Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| dynasore disrupts trafficking of herpes simplex virus proteins. | dynasore, a small-molecule inhibitor of the gtpase activity of dynamin, inhibits the entry of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus (hsv), but its impact on other steps in the viral life cycle has not been delineated. the current study was designed to test the hypothesis that dynamin is required for viral protein trafficking and thus has pleiotropic inhibitory effects on hsv infection. dynasore inhibited hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection of human epithelial and neuronal cells, including primar ... | 2015 | 25878109 |
| development and validation of a laboratory-developed multiplex real-time pcr assay on the bd max system for detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus dna in various clinical specimens. | a multiplex real-time pcr (quantitative pcr [qpcr]) assay detecting herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna together with an internal control was developed on the bd max platform combining automated dna extraction and an open amplification procedure. its performance was compared to those of pcr assays routinely used in the laboratory, namely, a laboratory-developed test for hsv dna on the lightcycler instrument and a test using a commercial master mix for vzv dna on the a ... | 2015 | 25878344 |
| high rate of β-globin dna detection validates self-sampling in herpes simplex virus shedding studies. | self-sampling is a convenient, feasible, and acceptable way of collecting genital specimens, but the veracity of reported self-collection is difficult to verify. we investigated whether a host gene, β-globin, can be used to confirm adequacy of self-collected mucosal and skin genital specimens in studies of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. | 2015 | 26562701 |
| a 15-year study of the impact of community antiretroviral therapy coverage on hiv incidence in kenyan female sex workers. | to test the hypothesis that increasing community antiretroviral therapy (art) coverage would be associated with lower hiv incidence in female sex workers (fsws) in mombasa district, kenya. | 2015 | 26237099 |
| relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local t helper type 17 cells. | t helper type 17 (th17) cells play an important role in immunity to fungal and bacterial pathogens, although their role in the female genital tract, where exposure to these pathogens is common, is not well understood. we investigated the relationship between female genital tract infections, cervicovaginal interleukin-17 (il-17) concentrations and th17 cell frequencies. forty-two cytokines were measured in cervicovaginal lavages from hiv-uninfected and hiv-infected women. frequencies of th17 cell ... | 2015 | 26302175 |
| herpes simplex virus type-2 cervicovaginal shedding among women living with hiv-1 and receiving antiretroviral therapy in burkina faso: an 8-year longitudinal study. | the impact of antiretroviral therapy (art) on herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) replication is unclear. the aim of this study was to assess factors associated with cervicovaginal hsv-2 dna shedding and genital ulcer disease (gud) in a cohort of women living with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) in burkina faso. | 2015 | 26475931 |
| combination antiretroviral therapy for hiv in rwandan adults: clinical outcomes and impact on reproductive health up to 24 months. | adult women (n = 113) and men (n = 100) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) and women not yet eligible for cart (n = 199) in kigali, rwanda, were followed for 6-24 months between 2007 and 2010. in the cart groups, 21% of patients required a drug change due to side effects and 11% of patients had virological failure (defined as >1,000 hiv rna copies/ml) after 12 months of cart. about a third of the pregnancies since hiv diagnosis were unintended. the proportion of women in the pr ... | 2015 | 26257954 |
| evaluating hiv prevention programs: herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies as biomarker for sexual risk behavior in young adults in resource-poor countries. | measuring effectiveness of hiv prevention interventions is challenged by bias when using self-reported knowledge, attitude or behavior change. hiv incidence is an objective marker to measure effectiveness of hiv prevention interventions, however, because new infection rates are relatively low, prevention studies require large sample sizes. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is similarly transmitted and more prevalent and could thus serve as a proxy marker for sexual risk behavior and therefore ... | 2015 | 26010772 |
| socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with hsv-2 sero-prevalence in high risk women in kwazulu-natal. | the world health organization estimates that 536 million people aged 15-49 are infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), the causative agent of genital herpes. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of behavioral and demographic factors that contribute to the high hsv-2 sero-prevalence among women participating in a hiv prevention trial. the methods for improving reproductive health in africa (mira) study assessed the effectiveness the latex diaphragm and lubricant gel on hiv ... | 2015 | 25940115 |
| sexually transmitted infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom-related outcomes: results from the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. | to examine whether a history of sexually transmitted infections (stis) or positive sti serology is associated with prevalent and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph)/lower urinary tract symptoms (luts)-related outcomes in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. | 2015 | 25601300 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including hiv in street-connected adolescents in western kenya. | the objectives of this study were to characterise the sexual health of street-connected adolescents in eldoret, kenya, analyse gender disparity of risks, estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and identify factors associated with stis. | 2015 | 25714102 |
| hormonal contraception and the risk of hiv acquisition: an individual participant data meta-analysis. | observational studies of a putative association between hormonal contraception (hc) and hiv acquisition have produced conflicting results. we conducted an individual participant data (ipd) meta-analysis of studies from sub-saharan africa to compare the incidence of hiv infection in women using combined oral contraceptives (cocs) or the injectable progestins depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) or norethisterone enanthate (net-en) with women not using hc. | 2015 | 25612136 |
| global estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in 2012. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection causes significant disease globally. adolescent and adult infection may present as painful genital ulcers. neonatal infection has high morbidity and mortality. additionally, hsv-2 likely contributes substantially to the spread of hiv infection. the global burden of hsv-2 infection was last estimated for 2003. here we present new global estimates for 2012 of the burden of prevalent (existing) and incident (new) hsv-2 infection among females and males ... | 2015 | 25608026 |
| role of bacterial exopolysaccharides as agents in counteracting immune disorders induced by herpes virus. | extreme marine environments, such as the submarine shallow vents of the eolian islands (italy), offer an almost unexplored source of microorganisms producing unexploited and promising biomolecules for pharmaceutical applications. thermophilic and thermotolerant bacilli isolated from eolian vents are able to produce exopolysaccharides (epss) with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). hsv-2 is responsible for the most common and continuously increasing ... | 2015 | 27682100 |
| isoxanthohumol--biologically active hop flavonoid. | isoxanthohumol (ixn), apart from xanthohumol (xn) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8pn), is one of the most important prenylflavonoids found in hops. another natural source of this compound is a shrub sophora flavescens, used in traditional chinese medicine. main dietary source of ixn is beer, and the compound is produced from xn during wort boiling. in the human body, the compound is o-demethylated to 8pn, the strongest known phytoestrogen. this process takes place in the liver and in the intestine, whe ... | 2015 | 25771121 |
| y chromosome dna in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of childbearing age women: implications for epitheliotropic sexually transmitted infections? | assuming a possible association between y chromosome (yc)-dna and sexually transmitted infection (sti) transmission rate, could yc-dna be related to an increased prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv), herpes simplex virus (hsv-1/2) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct)? could yc-dna be used to validate self-reported condom use and sexual behaviors? | 2015 | 26281916 |
| male circumcision and sti acquisition in britain: evidence from a national probability sample survey. | it is well-established that male circumcision reduces acquisition of hiv, herpes simplex virus 2, chancroid, and syphilis. however, the effect on the acquisition of non-ulcerative sexually transmitted infections (stis) remains unclear. we examined the relationship between circumcision and biological measures of three stis: human papillomavirus (hpv), chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium. | 2015 | 26083250 |
| maternal exposure to sexually transmitted infections and schizophrenia among offspring. | animal models and epidemiologic studies suggest that prenatal maternal infection, and sexually transmitted infection (sti) in particular, is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. however, findings from prior research studies on common infections, including herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) have been inconsistent. to investigate these associations, we conducted a case-control study nested in the population-based finnish p ... | 2015 | 26022653 |
| chemokine-mediated immune responses in the female genital tract mucosa. | the genital tract mucosa is the site where sexually transmitted infections gain entry to the host. the immune response at this site is thus critical to provide innate protection against pathogens that are seen for the very first time as well as provide long-term pathogen-specific immunity, which would be required for an effective vaccine against sexually transmitted infection. a finely regulated immune response is therefore required to provide an effective barrier against pathogens without compr ... | 2015 | 25776842 |
| the impact of hormonal contraception and pregnancy on sexually transmitted infections and on cervicovaginal microbiota in african sex workers. | the observed association between depo-provera injectable use and increased hiv acquisition may be caused by hormone-induced increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections (stis) or changes in the cervicovaginal microbiota (vmb), accompanied by genital immune activation and/or mucosal remodeling. | 2015 | 25668647 |
| association of herpes viruses with mild, moderate and severe chronic periodontitis. | periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues of the teeth. it is a multi-factorial and multi-etiological infectious disease process. recent evidences shows that human herpes viruses could be putative pathogens. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of herpes viruses especially herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and 2), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in patients with chronic periodontitis. | 2015 | 26393126 |
| carbon nanotubes supported tyrosinase in the synthesis of lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with antiviral activity against dna and rna viruses. | hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with lipophilic properties have been synthesized in high yield using tyrosinase immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the layer-by-layer technique. all synthesized catechols were evaluated against a large panel of dna and rna viruses, including poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 9, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), coxsackievirus type b3 (cox b3), adenovirus type 2 and type 5 and cytomegalovirus (cmv). ... | 2015 | 26260341 |
| performance evaluation of puritan® universal transport system (unitranz-rt™) for preservation and transport of clinical viruses. | the ability of a non-propagating microbial transport medium to maintain the viability of clinically relevant viruses was compared to a similar commercial medium to establish performance equivalence. two dilutions of stock of test viruses, namely adenovirus (adv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), echovirus type 30 (ev), herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2, influenza a, parainfluenza 3 (piv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and varicella zoster virus (vzv), were spiked into puritan® medical products ... | 2015 | 26243168 |
| lack of association between herpesvirus detection in saliva and gingivitis in hiv‑infected children. | the aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (hhvs) in the saliva of hiv-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. saliva samples were collected from 48 hiv-infected and 48 healthy control children. clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. a trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. saliva samples we ... | 2015 | 26200962 |
| seminal shedding of cmv and hiv transmission among men who have sex with men. | as in many urban areas in the united states, the largest burden of the hiv epidemic in san diego is borne by men who have sex with men (msm). using data from well-characterized hiv transmitting and non-transmitting partner pairs of msm in san diego, we calculated the population attributable risk (par) of hiv transmissions for different co-infections common among msm in this area. we found that over a third of hiv transmissions could be potentially attributed to genital shedding of cytomegaloviru ... | 2015 | 26198239 |
| animal herpesviruses and their zoonotic potential for cross-species infection. | herpesviruses of humans and animals cause severe diseases that influence not only the health and epidemiological status but are also economically important in the context of food production. the members of herpesviridae are host specific agents that also share many properties that potentially make them capable of crossing the species barriers. the objective of presented review paper was to summarize the relationship between herpesviruses of animals and humans and their zoonotic potential. in hum ... | 2015 | 26094506 |
| large-scale multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of viral reactivations after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | viral reactivations following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are thought to result from the breakdown of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. as a result, many viruses could be reactivated individually or simultaneously. using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we prospectively examined many kinds of viral dnas at a time in 105 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. in total, 591 whole blood samples were collected weekly from pre- to 42 ... | 2015 | 25946433 |
| rapid detection of active human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | understanding the association between congenital human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and active maternal hcmv infection during pregnancy is important for maternal and neonatal healthcare. in the present study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was established for the detection of cmv dna from whole blood or amniotic fluid samples, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. the results of the present study demonstrated that the cmv lamp assay detec ... | 2015 | 25847382 |
| manipulation of apoptosis and necroptosis signaling by herpesviruses. | like apoptosis, necroptosis is an innate immune mechanism that eliminates pathogen-infected cells. receptor-interacting protein kinase (rip)3 (also called ripk3) mediates necrotic death by phosphorylating an executioner protein, mlkl, leading to plasma membrane leakage. the pathway is triggered against viruses that block caspase 8. in murine cmv, the viral inhibitor of caspase 8 activation prevents extrinsic apoptosis but also has the potential to unleash necroptosis. this virus encodes the vira ... | 2015 | 25828583 |
| evaluation of a viral microarray based on simultaneous extraction and amplification of viral nucleotide acid for detecting human herpesviruses and enteroviruses. | in this study, a viral microarray based assay was developed to detect the human herpesviruses and enteroviruses associated with central nervous system infections, including herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 (hsv1 and hsv2), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), enterovirus 71 (ev71), coxsackievirus a 16 (ca16) and b 5(cb5). the dna polymerase gene of human herpesviruses and 5'-untranslated region of enteroviruses were selected as the targets to design primers and probes. human herpe ... | 2015 | 25774509 |
| vaginal cytomegalovirus shedding before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in rakai, uganda. | vaginal shedding of cytomegalovirus (cmv) dna was determined longitudinally among 96 women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), herpes simplex virus 2, and cmv starting antiretroviral therapy (art) during a placebo-controlled trial of hsv-2 suppression with acyclovir in rakai, uganda. vaginal cmv was detected in 75 of 96 women (78.0%) and 379 of 1080 individual visits (35.1%). art status, higher hiv rna viral load before art initiation, and younger age were significantly associate ... | 2015 | 25743428 |
| the association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and schizophrenia: a case-control study. | exposure to neurotropic pathogens has been proposed as an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia and can be evaluated by measuring pathogen-specific immunoglobulin g (igg). seroprevalence of pathogen-specific igg reflects prior exposure, whereas igg levels are associated with reactivity or reinfection. several studies have examined these parameters in schizophrenia. however, results still remain inconclusive, as several previous studies did not correct for important confounding factors. | 2015 | 27336045 |
| unpacking the 'black box' of total pathogen burden: is number or type of pathogens most predictive of all-cause mortality in the united states? | a 'black box' paradigm has prevailed in which researchers have focused on the association between the total number of pathogens for which individuals are seropositive (i.e. total pathogen burden) and various chronic diseases, while largely ignoring the role that seropositivity for specific combinations of pathogens may play in the aetiology of such outcomes and consequently mortality. we examined the association between total pathogen burden as well as specific pathogen combinations and all-caus ... | 2015 | 25518978 |
| assessment of igg antibodies against hsv1, hsv2, cmv and ebv in patients with pemphigus vulgaris versus healthy people. | regarding the implication of viruses particularly herpes in pemphigus vulgaris, we sought to assess and compare the level of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and healthy people. | 2015 | 27507994 |
| do viral infections have a role in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo? | to investigate the role of viral infection in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (bppv). | 2015 | 26601554 |
| study of the frequency of herpesvirus infections among patients suspected aseptic meningitis in the west of iran. | aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). | 2015 | 26568804 |
| interferon lambda 4 genotype is not associated with recurrence of oral or genital herpes. | ifnl4-δg/tt (rs368234815) genotype is associated with hepatitis c virus clearance and may play a role in other infections. ifn-λ4 protein is generated only in individuals who carry the ifnl4-δg allele. the ifnl4 rs12979860-t allele, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with ifnl4-δg, was recently reported to be associated with more frequent and severe oral herpes episodes. we investigated the association of ifnl4-δg/tt with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-related outcomes among 2,192 african ame ... | 2015 | 26431156 |
| toxicity and antiviral activity of the extracts of submerged mycelium of nematophagous duddingtonia flagrans fungus in vero cell culture. | we studied toxicity and antiviral activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of bioactive substances from the biomass of nematophagous fungus duddingtonia flagrans prepared by submerged culturing of the mycelium. it is found that both extracts were characterized by low toxicity for cultured vero cells and inhibited reproduction of dna-viruses in this cell line. ethanol extract of the fungus exhibited higher in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 2, ectromelia virus, and vacc ... | 2015 | 26621278 |
| testing for herpes simplex virus in low-volume cerebrospinal fluid samples: comparison of three protocols to optimize detection. | detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is a medical emergency and requires rapid, sensitive testing. however, the volume of csf received for microbiological studies may be limited, especially from young children. in this study, we compared three testing protocols to our routine real-time pcr method to determine the most sensitive approach for detecting hsv-1 and hsv-2 in low-volume (≤100 μl) csf. | 2015 | 26400783 |
| harmine blocks herpes simplex virus infection through downregulating cellular nf-κb and mapk pathways induced by oxidative stress. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) are highly prevalent in many populations and therapeutic options are limited. both viruses can establish latency by maintaining viral genomes in neurons of sensory ganglia. primary or recurrent hsv infections may lead to deleterious outcomes: hsv-1 infection may result in corneal blindness and encephalitis and hsv-2 infection leads to herpes genitalis. while no effective vaccine is available, acyclovir is widely used for therapy, which targets an ... | 2015 | 26348003 |
| is herpes simplex a systemic disease? | orofacial herpes simplex virus infections are usually caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), and hsv-2 infections have been accepted as a sexually transmitted disease. hsv establishes a latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia of the host and remains there for the rest of life. hsv affects mainly skin and genitalia, although in immunocompromised patients it may cause local infection with vast skin involvement, chronic herpetic ulcers, or widespread mucous membrane damage, as well as system ... | 2015 | 26321402 |
| carriage of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in oral mucosa is rare in young women: a long-term prospective follow-up. | following the primary oral infection, herpes simplex virus (hsv) establishes latency in the ganglia of sensory neurons. episodically induced by stress, hsv is able to cause recurrent infection at the primary infection site, accompanied by virus shedding. the oral shedding of hsv contributes to mother-child-transmission of hsv. human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with oral malignancies, and its interaction with oral hsv should be studied further. | 2015 | 26305821 |
| clinical evaluation of a helicase-dependant amplification (hda)-based commercial assay for the simultaneous detection of hsv-1 and hsv-2. | in this study, we evaluate the performance of a commercial assay, the amplivue hsv 1+2 assay (quidel), which employs hda for the detection of both hsv-1 and hsv-2. the assay was tested on 307 clinical specimens (genital, oral, and dermal). when compared to shell vial virus culture and immunofluorescence typing of hsv, the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement values were 98.2% and 90.9%, respectively. excellent assay performance was demonstrated. | 2015 | 26302856 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 and coinfection with hiv and syphilis: the first national seroprevalence survey in saudi arabia. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is one of the most common viral infections worldwide. genital herpes is associated with other sexually transmitted infections (stis) including hiv. data on prevalence of hsv infections and other stis in the kingdom of saudi arabia are limited. | 2015 | 26267880 |
| additionally sulfated xylomannan sulfates from scinaia hatei and their antiviral activities. | herpes simplex viruses (hsvs) display affinity for cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans with biological relevance in virus entry. this study demonstrates the potential of chemically engineered sulfated xylomannans from scinaia hatei as antihsv drug candidate. particularly, a dimethylformamide -so3/pyridine based procedure has been employed for the generation of anionic polysaccharides. this one-step procedure has the power of providing a spectrum of xylomannans with varying molecular masse ... | 2015 | 26256190 |
| seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in taiwan and risk factor analysis, 2007. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are common human pathogens and might cause severe illness. following primary infection, the viruses establish lifelong latent infection and are transmitted by close contact, both sexual and nonsexual. however, the information about the seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 across all age groups is limited. | 2015 | 26252011 |
| icacinlactone h and icacintrichantholide from the tuber of icacina trichantha. | the 17-norpimarane diterpene is a small group of natural products. a new member, icacinlactone h (1), and a new rearranged 17-norpimarane with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, icacintrichantholide (2), were isolated from icacina trichantha. their structures including the absolute configuration were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal x-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism analysis. a plausible biogenetic pathway for 1 and 2 is proposed. both 1 and 2 showed no sign ... | 2015 | 26183449 |
| the telomerase inhibitor mst-312 interferes with multiple steps in the herpes simplex virus life cycle. | the life cycle of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has the potential to be further manipulated to yield novel, more effective therapeutic treatments. recent research has demonstrated that hsv-1 can increase telomerase activity and that expression of the catalytic component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), alters sensitivity to hsv-dependent apoptosis. telomerase is a cellular enzyme that synthesizes nucleotide repeats at the ends of chromosomes (telomeres), which prevents shorte ... | 2015 | 26178994 |
| efficacy of the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d/as04 vaccine against genital hsv-2 and hsv-1 infection and disease in the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model. | subunit vaccines based on the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd-2) have been the major focus of hsv-2 vaccine development for the past 2 decades. based on the promising data generated in the guinea pig model, a formulation containing truncated gd-2, aluminum salt, and mpl (gd/as04) advanced to clinical trials. the results of these trials, however, were unexpected, as the vaccine protected against hsv-1 infection but not against hsv-2. to address this discrepancy, we developed a d ... | 2015 | 26178984 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection induces ad-like neurodegeneration markers in human neuroblastoma cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 are neurotropic viruses that establish lifelong latent infections in neurons. mounting evidence suggests that hsv-1 infection is involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad). the relationships between other herpesvirus infections and events associated with neurodegeneration have not, however, been extensively studied. the present work reports that hsv-2 infection leads to the strong accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the amyloid-β pep ... | 2015 | 26163986 |
| cellphone-based hand-held microplate reader for point-of-care testing of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | standard microplate based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) are widely utilized for various nanomedicine, molecular sensing, and disease screening applications, and this multiwell plate batched analysis dramatically reduces diagnosis costs per patient compared to nonbatched or nonstandard tests. however, their use in resource-limited and field-settings is inhibited by the necessity for relatively large and expensive readout instruments. to mitigate this problem, we created a hand-held a ... | 2015 | 26159546 |
| antiherpes evaluation of soybean isoflavonoids. | the antiviral effects of soybean isoflavonoids have been investigated recently, especially those of genistein. it has been reported that this isoflavone is able to inhibit herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication, which is associated with skin and epithelial mucosa infections. the treatment of these infections with antiherpes drugs has resulted in the emergence of resistant viral strains. based on this evidence, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-hsv effects of soybean isoflavonoids ... | 2015 | 26156104 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and hsv-2 infections are highly prevalent worldwide and are characterized by establishing lifelong infection with periods of latency interspersed with periodic episodes of reactivation. acquisition of hsv by an infant during the peripartum or postpartum period results in neonatal hsv disease, a rare but significant infection that can be associated with severe morbidity and mortality, especially if there is dissemination or central nervous system involvement. diagnost ... | 2015 | 26154662 |
| urinary micrornas of prostate cancer: virus-encoded hsv1-mirh18 and hsv2-mir-h9-5p could be valuable diagnostic markers. | micrornas (mirnas) in biological fluids are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of urological diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) and prostate cancer (pca). the aim of the study was to identify and validate urinary cell-free mirnas that can segregate patients with pca from those with bph. | 2015 | 26126436 |
| patient-specific neutralizing antibody responses to herpes simplex virus are attributed to epitopes on gd, gb, or both and can be type specific. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 infect many humans and establish a latent infection in sensory ganglia. although some infected people suffer periodic recurrences, others do not. infected people mount both cell-mediated and humoral responses, including the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (abs) directed at viral entry glycoproteins. previously, we examined iggs from 10 hsv-seropositive individuals; all neutralized virus and were directed primarily against gd or gd+gb. here, we ... | 2015 | 26109729 |
| laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of herpes simplex 1 and 2 genital infections. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are the main cause of genital ulcers worldwide. although herpes simplex virus type 2 is the major cause of genital lesions, herpes simplex virus type 1 accounts for half of new cases in developed countries. herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence rises with sexual activity from adolescence through adulthood. slovenian data in a high-risk population shows 16% seroprevalence of hsv-2. hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna in genital swabs was detected in 19% and 20.7%, respecti ... | 2015 | 26086165 |
| herpes simplex virus 1 reactivates from autonomic ciliary ganglia independently from sensory trigeminal ganglia to cause recurrent ocular disease. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 establish latency in sensory and autonomic neurons after ocular or genital infection, but their recurrence patterns differ. hsv-1 reactivates from latency to cause recurrent orofacial disease, and while hsv-1 also causes genital lesions, hsv-2 recurs more efficiently in the genital region and rarely causes ocular disease. the mechanisms regulating these anatomical preferences are unclear. to determine whether differences in latent infection and reactivati ... | 2015 | 26041294 |
| genome sequencing and analysis of geographically diverse clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus 2. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), the principal causative agent of recurrent genital herpes, is a highly prevalent viral infection worldwide. limited information is available on the amount of genomic dna variation between hsv-2 strains because only two genomes have been determined, the hg52 laboratory strain and the newly sequenced sd90e low-passage-number clinical isolate strain, each from a different geographical area. in this study, we report the nearly complete genome sequences of 34 hsv-2 low ... | 2015 | 26018166 |
| global diversity within and between human herpesvirus 1 and 2 glycoproteins. | human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are large-genome dna viruses that establish a persistent infection in sensory neurons and commonly manifest with recurring oral or genital erosions that transmit virus. hsv encodes 12 predicted glycoproteins that serve various functions, including cellular attachment, entry, and egress. glycoprotein g is currently the target of an antibody test to differentiate hsv-1 from hsv-2; however, this test has shown reduced capacity to differentiate ... | 2015 | 26018161 |
| partial and total c-6 oxidation of gelling carrageenans. modulation of the antiviral activity with the anionic character. | the optimal conditions for the full c-6 oxidation of κ- and ι-carrageenans using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)oxy (tempo) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide were assessed. the fully oxidized products were characterized by nmr spectroscopy. partially oxidized products were also obtained and analyzed by chemical and spectroscopical methods. the antiviral activity of carrageenans against herpes simplex virus hsv-1 and hsv-2 determined by plaque reduction assay, was not lar ... | 2015 | 26005156 |
| application of mccoy cell line for propagation of herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are members of the herpesviridae family. about 40% to 80% of the world populations are infected with hsv and its prevalence is high in iran. the high prevalence of this virus in the community and the ability of the virus in causing fatal diseases among immunocompromised patients, have encouraged studies to be performed on hsv and suitable cell lines which supports the propagation of hsv. the aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of m ... | 2015 | 25999628 |
| obstetric outcomes of human herpes virus-2 infection among pregnant women in benin, nigeria. | this study investigated the obstetric outcomes of herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) infection among pregnant women. | 2015 | 25966714 |
| upstream binding factor inhibits herpes simplex virus replication. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection induces changes to the host cell nucleus including relocalization of the cellular protein upstream binding factor (ubf) from the nucleolus to viral replication compartments (vrcs). herein, we tested the hypothesis that ubf is recruited to vrcs to promote viral dna replication. surprisingly, infection of ubf-depleted hela cells with hsv-1 or hsv-2 produced higher viral titers compared to controls. reduced expression of ubf also led to a progressive increas ... | 2015 | 25965800 |
| the immunomodulator, ammonium trichloro[1,2-ethanediolato-o,o']-tellurate, suppresses the propagation of herpes simplex virus 2 by reducing the infectivity of the virus progeny. | persistent investigations for the identification of novel anti-herpetic drugs are being conducted worldwide, as current treatment options are sometimes insufficient. the immunomodulator, ammonium trichloro[1,2‑ethanediolato‑o,o']‑tellurate (as101), a non‑toxic tellurium (ⅳ) compound, has been shown to exhibit anti‑viral activity against a variety of viruses in cell cultures and in animal models. in the present study, the anti‑viral activity of as101 against herpes simplex virus (hsv)‑1 and 2 was ... | 2015 | 25936393 |
| evasion of early antiviral responses by herpes simplex viruses. | besides overcoming physical constraints, such as extreme temperatures, reduced humidity, elevated pressure, and natural predators, human pathogens further need to overcome an arsenal of antimicrobial components evolved by the host to limit infection, replication and optimally, reinfection. herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infect humans at a high frequency and persist within the host for life by establishing latency in neurons. to gain access to these cells, herpe ... | 2015 | 25918478 |
| a spiroketal-enol ether derivative from tanacetum vulgare selectively inhibits hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoprotein accumulation in vero cells. | the inhibitory effects of tanacetum vulgare rhizome extracts on hsv-1 and hsv-2 in vitro replication were assessed. unlike extracts obtained from the aerial parts, adsorption inhibition and virucidal activities seemed not to be relevant for the observed antiviral action of tansy rhizome extracts. instead, the most significant effects were the inhibition of virus penetration and a novel mechanism consisting of the specific arrest of viral gene expression and consequently the decrease of viral pro ... | 2015 | 25882624 |
| synergistic effects of acyclovir and 3, 19-isopropylideneandrographolide on herpes simplex virus wild types and drug-resistant strains. | an andrographolide analogue, 3, 19-isopropylideneandrographolide (ipad), exerts an inhibitory effect on replication of wild-type herpes simplex virus serotype 1 (hsv-1). in this study, we examined the anti-viral activity of ipad on hsv wild types (hsv-1 strain kos and hsv-2 clinical isolate) and hsv-1 drug-resistant strains (drs). synergistic effects of ipad with acyclovir (acv) were also evaluated. | 2015 | 25879785 |
| seroprevalence and seroincidence of herpes simplex virus (2006-2010), syphilis (2006-2010), and vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus subtypes (2000-2010) among us military personnel. | sexually transmitted infections have historically been burdensome in military populations. we describe the seroprevalence and seroincidence of vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus (vp-hpv) subtypes in a sample of 200 servicemen, along with the seroprevalence and seroincidence of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1/2) and syphilis in a sample of 200 men and 200 women. | 2015 | 25868137 |
| reactivation of herpes simplex type 1 in pneumococcal meningitis. | acute bacterial meningitis (abm) and herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) encephalitis are two rare but serious infections affecting the central nervous system (cns). concurrent bacterial and viral cns infection has occasionally been reported. | 2015 | 25866347 |
| genomic, phylogenetic, and recombinational characterization of herpes simplex virus 2 strains. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is a major global pathogen, infecting 16% of people 15 to 49 years old worldwide and causing recurrent genital ulcers. little is known about viral factors contributing to virulence, and there are currently only two genomic sequences available. in this study, we determined nearly complete genomic sequences of six additional hsv-2 isolates, using illumina miseq. we report that hsv-2 has a genomic overall mean distance of 0.2355%, which is less than that of hsv-1. the ... | 2015 | 25855744 |
| genital herpes: oral antiviral treatments. | genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases. | 2015 | 25853497 |
| immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and non-replicative status of the hsv-2 vaccine candidate hsv529 in mice and guinea pigs. | hsv-2 vaccine is needed to prevent genital disease, latent infection, and virus transmission. a replication-deficient mutant virus (dl5-29) has demonstrated promising efficacy in animal models of genital herpes. however, the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and non-replicative status of the highly purified clinical vaccine candidate (hsv529) derived from dl5-29 have not been evaluated. humoral and cellular immune responses were measured in mice and guinea pigs immunized with hsv529. protecti ... | 2015 | 25837802 |
| herpes simplex vaccines: prospects of live-attenuated hsv vaccines to combat genital and ocular infections. | herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and its closely related type-2 (hsv-2) viruses cause important clinical manifestations in humans including acute ocular disease and genital infections. these viruses establish latency in the trigeminal ganglionic and dorsal root neurons, respectively. both viruses are widespread among humans and can frequently reactivate from latency causing disease. currently, there are no vaccines available against herpes simplex viral infections. however, a number of promis ... | 2015 | 27114893 |
| development and evaluation of the quantitative real-time pcr assay in detection and typing of herpes simplex virus in swab specimens from patients with genital herpes. | genital herpes (gh), which is caused mainly by herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 and hsv-1, remains a worldwide problem. laboratory confirmation of gh is important, particularly as there are other conditions which present similarly to gh, while atypical presentations of gh also occur. currently, virus culture is the classical method for diagnosis of gh, but it is time consuming and with low sensitivity. a major advance for diagnosis of gh is to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in this s ... | 2015 | 26770492 |
| association of interferon lambda-1 with herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2, epstein-barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus in chronic periodontitis. | periodontal tissues facilitate the homing of herpes viruses that elicit the immune-inflammatory response releasing the interferons (ifn). ifn lambda-1 (λ1) can suppress the replication of viruses, and induces the antiviral mechanism. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between ifn-λ1 and periodontal herpes viruses in the immunoregulation of chronic periodontal disease. | 2015 | 26677065 |
| seropositivity and determinants of immunoglobulin-g (igg) antibodies against herpes simplex virus (hsv) types -1 and -2 in pregnant women in port harcourt, nigeria. | this study is the first documented prevalence of igg antibody against hsv-1&-2 in port harcourt, nigeria and thus provides baseline data for future in-depth studies on hsv infection in south-south, nigeria. | 2015 | 26957960 |
| characterization of a herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) chimera in which the us3 protein kinase gene is replaced with the hsv-2 us3 gene. | us3 protein kinases encoded by herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) play important roles in viral replication and pathogenicity. to investigate type-specific differences between hsv-1 us3 and hsv-2 us3 in cells infected by viruses with all the same viral gene products except for their us3 kinases, we constructed and characterized a recombinant hsv-1 in which its us3 gene was replaced with the hsv-2 us3 gene. replacement of hsv-1 us3 with hsv-2 us3 had no apparent effect on viral growth i ... | 2015 | 26491159 |
| functional characterization of glycoprotein h chimeras composed of conserved domains of the pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus 1 homologs. | membrane fusion is indispensable for entry of enveloped viruses into host cells. the conserved core fusion machinery of the herpesviridae consists of glycoprotein b (gb) and the gh/gl complex. recently, crystal structures of gh/gl of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) and epstein-barr virus and of a core fragment of pseudorabies virus (prv) gh identified four structurally conserved gh domains. to investigate functional conservation, chimeric genes encoding combinations of individual domains of prv a ... | 2015 | 26491153 |
| comparative evaluation of amplivue hsv 1+2 assay with elvis culture for detecting herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in clinical specimens. | the amplivue hsv 1+2 assay was compared to the elvis hsv id and d(3) typing culture system for the qualitative detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 dna in 1,351 cutaneous and mucocutaneous specimens. compared to elvis, amplivue had sensitivities of 95.7 and 97.6% for detecting hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively. following arbitration of discordant results by an independent molecular method, the amplivue assay had a resolved sensitivity and specificity of 99.2 and ... | 2015 | 26468497 |
| herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus: recent advances in therapy. | the mainstay of antiviral therapy for the alpha-herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2, and varicella zoster virus (vzv)] over the past 40 years has been the nucleoside analogues such as aciclovir. although conventional antiviral therapy has reduced mortality in severe disease, novel agents are needed to address the emergence of resistance and toxicity associated with current second-line therapy. treatment and prophylaxis of vzv and hsv reactivations remains a challenge. | 2015 | 26524331 |
| global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers, while hsv-2 commonly causes genital ulcers. however, hsv-1 is an increasing cause of genital infection. previously, the world health organization estimated the global burden of hsv-2 for 2003 and for 2012. the global burden of hsv-1 has not been estimated. | 2015 | 26510007 |
| [novel multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 dna]. | herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 are the cause of world spread multiple infections with different course and severity. the aim of this work was to design and to optimize multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of hsv-1 and hsv-2. the second aim of the project was to check if the designed method is laboratory useful analyzing different clinical specimens. | 2015 | 26591664 |
| higher throughput quantification of neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex viruses. | we report a rapid, higher throughput method for measuring neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human sera. clinical isolates and sera from the herpevac trial for women were used in a colorimetric assay in which infection of tissue culture (lack of neutralization) was indicated by substrate metabolism by beta-galactosidase induced in the elvis cell line. the neutralization assay was optimized by addition of guinea pig complement, which particularly enhanced neutralizing antibody ... | 2015 | 26658766 |
| herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system. | this article summarizes knowledge of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections of the central nervous system (cns). disease pathogenesis, detection of dna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for diagnosis and prognosis, and approaches to therapy warrant consideration. | 2015 | 26633784 |
| low prevalences of hiv infection and hsv genital shedding in the general adult female population in senegal. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) is the main co-factor for heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in sub-saharan africa, and could be involved in the dynamics of the hiv epidemic in senegal. | 2015 | 26623637 |
| necroptosis: the trojan horse in cell autonomous antiviral host defense. | herpesviruses suppress cell death to assure sustained infection in their natural hosts. murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) encodes suppressors of apoptosis as well as m45-encoded viral inhibitor of rip activation (vira) to block rip homotypic interaction motif (rhim)-signaling and recruitment of rip3 (also called ripk3), to prevent necroptosis. mcmv and human cytomegalovirus encode a viral inhibitor of caspase (casp)8 activation to block apoptosis, an activity that unleashes necroptosis. herpes simpl ... | 2015 | 25819165 |
| the effect of menopause on the innate antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage. | reproductive hormones are known to impact innate mucosal immune function of the lower genital tract. our objectives were to determine the effect of hormonal status on intrinsic antiviral (herpes simplex virus [hsv]-1, hsv-2, and human immunodeficiency virus [hiv]-1) activity of cervicovaginal lavage (cvl). | 2015 | 25818668 |
| renal allograft re-use and herpetic re-infection. | a middle-aged man received a kidney transplant from a deceased multi-organ donor. the recipient suffered cardiac arrest several days post-operatively and sustained hypoxic brain injury and was declared brain dead. following the family's consent, the allograft kidney was retrieved and re-transplanted into a man with end-stage renal failure secondary to reflux nephropathy. the liver was not transplanted due to suspicion of fatty changes based on macroscopic appearance. after transplantation of oth ... | 2015 | 25807853 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action. | shilajit, a herbomineral substance exuded from rocks in steep mountainous regions, has been used for thousands of years by the indian ayurvedic and siddha systems of traditional medicine to relieve ailments and enhance quality of life. although a large number of therapeutic properties have been ascribed to shilajit, its therapeutic potential is still largely unexplored by modern research and many of its claimed bioactivities lack scientific validation. the present study was undertaken to investi ... | 2015 | 25792012 |
| herpes simplex type 2 virus deleted in glycoprotein d protects against vaginal, skin and neural disease. | subunit vaccines comprised of glycoprotein d (gd-2) failed to prevent hsv-2 highlighting need for novel strategies. to test the hypothesis that deletion of gd-2 unmasks protective antigens, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of an hsv-2 virus deleted in gd-2 and complemented allowing a single round of replication on cells expressing hsv-1 gd (δgd(-/+gd-1)). subcutaneous immunization of c57bl/6 or balb/c mice with δgd(-/+gd1) provided 100% protection against lethal intravaginal or skin challeng ... | 2015 | 25756612 |
| novel rat models to study primary genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection. | in this study we describe that six rat models (sd, wist, lew, bn, f344 and da) are susceptible to intravaginal herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infection after pre-treatment with progesterone. at a virus dose of 5 × 10(6) pfu of hsv-2, all rat models were infected presenting anti-hsv-2 antibodies, infectious virus in vaginal washes, and hsv-2 dna genome copies in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord. most of the lew, bn, f344, and da rats succumbed in systemic progressive symptoms a ... | 2015 | 25701211 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: epidemiology and treatment. | herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are highly prevalent viruses capable of establishing lifelong infection. genital herpes in women of childbearing age represents a major risk for mother-to-child transmission (mtct) of hsv infection, with primary and first-episode genital hsv infections posing the highest risk. the advent of antiviral therapy with parenteral acyclovir has led to significant improvement in neonatal hsv disease mortality. further studies are needed to improve the c ... | 2015 | 25677996 |
| herpes simplex virus suppresses necroptosis in human cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2 are significant human pathogens causing recurrent disease. during infection, hsv modulates cell death pathways using the large subunit (r1) of ribonucleotide reductase (rr) to suppress apoptosis by binding to and blocking caspase-8. here, we demonstrate that hsv-1 and hsv-2 r1 proteins (icp6 and icp10, respectively) also prevent necroptosis in human cells by inhibiting the interaction between receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (rip1) and rip3, a key step ... | 2015 | 25674983 |
| houttuynia cordata targets the beginning stage of herpes simplex virus infection. | herpes simplex virus (hsv), a common latent virus in humans, causes certain severe diseases. extensive use of acyclovir (acv) results in the development of drug-resistant hsv strains, hence, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat hsv infection. houttuynia cordata (h. cordata), a natural herbal medicine, has been reported to exhibit anti-hsv effects which is partly nf-κb-dependent. however, the molecular mechanisms by which h. cordata inhibits hsv infection are not elucidated thoro ... | 2015 | 25643242 |
| herpes simplex virus enhances chemokine function through modulation of receptor trafficking and oligomerization. | glycoprotein g (gg) from herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, important human neurotropic pathogens) is the first viral chemokine-binding protein found to potentiate chemokine function. here we show that gg attaches to cell surface glycosaminoglycans and induces lipid raft clustering, increasing the incorporation of cxcr4 receptors into these microdomains. gg induces conformational rearrangements in cxcr4 homodimers and changes their intracellular partners, leading to sustained, functi ... | 2015 | 25625471 |
| secreted herpes simplex virus-2 glycoprotein g modifies ngf-trka signaling to attract free nerve endings to the site of infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 are highly prevalent viruses that cause a variety of diseases, from cold sores to encephalitis. both viruses establish latency in peripheral neurons but the molecular mechanisms facilitating the infection of neurons are not fully understood. using surface plasmon resonance and crosslinking assays, we show that glycoprotein g (gg) from hsv-2, known to modulate immune mediators (chemokines), also interacts with neurotrophic factors, with high affinity. ... | 2015 | 25611061 |
| severe acute pharyngotonsillitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 in a young woman. | whereas herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a recognized cause of acute oropharyngeal infection in young adults, hsv-2 infections are mostly associated with genital symptoms. we report a case of acute and prolonged febrile ulcerative pharyngotonsillitis with inflammatory syndrome which persisted despite antibiotic therapy for 8 days and required hospitalization in an 18-year old immune competent and sexually active female patient. hsv-2 was evidenced in tonsillar samples and blood by real tim ... | 2015 | 25600608 |
| first identification of the herpes simplex virus by skin-dedicated ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy during herpetic skin infections. | skin-dedicated ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (fcm) has so far been used to identify cutaneous tumours on freshly excised samples using acridine orange as fluorochrome. | 2015 | 25545312 |
| functional comparison of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 icp27 homologs reveals a role for icp27 in virion release. | numerous studies have focused on the regulatory functions of icp27, an immediate-early (ie) protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). however, its homolog in hsv-2, termed icp27t2, has been little studied. here, we used two different approaches to functionally compare icp27t2 and icp27. in transfection-based assays, icp27t2 closely resembled icp27 in its capacity to enhance hsv-1 late gene expression, suppress the splicing of a viral intron, and complement the growth of an hsv-1 icp27 null muta ... | 2015 | 25540385 |
| production of a fragment of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes. glycoprotein g (gg) is a prototype antigen for type-specific serodiagnosis distinguishing between hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 infections. as immunological diagnosis kits for accurate differentiation between hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies can be expensive, there is a need to develop a convenient, sensitive, specific and cost-effective serodiagnostic kit. | 2015 | 25532518 |