Publications

sex-determining genes on mouse autosomes identified by linkage analysis of c57bl/6j-ypos sex reversal.	a powerful approach for identifying mammalian primary (gonadal) sex determination genes is the molecular genetic analyses of sex reversal conditions (that is, xx individuals with testicular tissue and xy individuals with ovarian tissue). here we determined the number and chromosomal location of autosomal and x-linked genes that cause sex reversal in c57bl/6j (b6) mice carrying a y chromosome of mus domesticus poschiavinus origin (ypos). b6 xypos mice develop either as females with exclusively ov ...	1996	8841197
mus spretus line-1s in the mus musculus domesticus inbred strain c57bl/6j are from two different mus spretus line-1 subfamilies.	a line-1 element, lic105, was found in the mus musculus domesticus inbred strain, c57bl/6j. upon sequencing, this element was found to belong to a m. spretus line-1 subfamily originating within the last 0.2 million years. this is the second spretus-specific line-1 subfamily found to be represented in c57bl/6j. although it is unclear how these m. spretus line-1s transferred from m. spretus to m. m. domesticus, it is now clear that at least two different spretus line-1 sequences have recently tran ...	1996	8852852
evidence of hantavirus in wild rodents in northern ireland.	a survey of evidence of rodent hantavirus infection in county down, northern ireland was carried out by using immunofluorescence to detect virus antigen and antibody. antibodies to hantavirus (r22 strain of seoul virus and hantaan 76-118) were found in 11/51 (21.6%) brown rats (rattus norvegicus), 1/31 (3.2%) field mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and 17/59 (28.8%) house mice (mus domesticus). seven rodents had evidence of hantavirus antigen in lung tissues. antibody positive animals were significantl ...	1996	8870634
new polymorphic markers in the vicinity of the pearl locus on mouse chromosome 13.	we have used a mus domesticus/-mus spretus congenic animal that was selected for retention of mus spretus dna around the pearl locus to create a highly polymorphic region suitable for screening new markers. representation difference analysis (rda) was performed with either dna from the congenic animal or c57bl/6j as the driver for subtraction. four clones were identified, characterized, and converted to pcr-based polymorphic markers. three of the four markers equally subdivide a 10-cm interval c ...	1996	8903722
evidence for the presence of different alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor genes products in mouse plasma.	the plasma alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (api) of three mouse species mus domesticus, m. caroli and m. pahori was isolated. each of the species isoforms were then separated by chromatofocusing; however, no significant differences in association rate constants toward human neutrophil elastase and bovine chymotrypsin were observed. the amino-acid sequence of the p'1-p'15 c-terminal fragments of the api variants indicate that mouse plasma contains at least two different active api isoforms in the ca ...	1996	8922029
distortion of mendelian recovery ratio for a mouse hsr is caused by maternal and zygotic effects.	an hsr in chromosome 1 which is found in many feral populations of mus musculus domesticus was shown in previous studies to consist of a high-copy long-range repeat cluster. one such cluster, mut, showed distorted transmission ratios when introduced by female parents. mut/+ offspring were preferentially recovered at the expense of +/+ embryos in the progeny of male mut/+ x female +/+ but were found at the expected 1:1 ratio in reciprocal crosses. preferential recovery of maternal mut was due to ...	1996	8940901
odor preferences of female house mice (mus domesticus) in seminatural enclosures.	preferences for male odors by female house mice (mus domesticus) were examined with respect to age, dominance status, and spatial relationships. mice were free living in 6 field enclosures. estrous or nonestrous females were placed in an aquarium with soiled bedding from live traps as the odor source. females were tested for preferences between (a) adult and juvenile male odors, (b) dominant and subordinate male odors, and (c) "near" and "far" male odors. in dominance odor tests, estrous females ...	1996	8681527
chemosignals and activity of wild stock house mice, with a note on the use of running wheels to assess activity in rodents.	two control tests and an experimental test were used to explore the effects of urinary chemosignals on activity in house mice (mus domesticus). control tests revealed that using running wheels for measurement periods of up to a week, we tested whether any of eight urinary odours or water (control) influenced activity in male and female mice that were prepubertal, pubertal, or adult.	1996	24896417
genetic damage in urban mice exposed to traffic pollution.	wild rodents (mus domesticus) were collected in three areas in rome exposed to different traffic flows to ascertain a possible correlation between genetic damage and heavy metal concentration. the concentration of lead, cadmium and zinc were determined in liver, kidney and bones and two mutagenicity tests (micronucleus test and sperm abnormality assay) were employed. the results obtained showed that the contents of lead and cadmium were higher in animals collected in areas with high traffic flow ...	1996	15091385
quantitative genetics of sprint running speed and swimming endurance in laboratory house mice (mus domesticus).	we tested the hypothesis that locomotor speed and endurance show a negative genetic correlation using a genetically variable laboratory strain of house mice (hsd:icr: mus domesticus). a negative genetic correlation would qualify as an evolutionary "constraint," because both aspects of locomotor performance are generally expected to be under positive directional selection in wild populations. we also tested whether speed or endurance showed any genetic correlation with body mass. for all traits, ...	1996	28565702
sound pressure transformation at the pinna of mus domesticus.	sound pressure transformation properties at the pinna of laboratory mice mus domesticus were studied by measuring the sound pressure level of a continuous tone at a series of frequencies at the tympanic membrane as a function of the position of a sound source under free-field stimulation conditions. the spectral transformation, the interaural spectral difference, the isopressure contours and the interaural pressure difference contours were plotted. sound pressure transformation functions showed ...	1995	7595162
odors in traps: does most recent occupant influence capture rates for house mice?	responses of house mice (mus domesticus) to odors in live traps were studied in a series of eight 0.1-ha outdoor field enclosures. it was assumed that the most recent mouse capture would provide the predominant odor in a trap for at least one week. three different populations were tested, one in 1989 and two in 1992, involving over 800 different mice. similar response patterns were recorded from all three groups. two types of questions were tested: (1) were there any biases contingent upon what ...	1995	24234249
aging lengthens circadian period for wheel-running activity in c57bl mice.	previous reports of age effects on circadian period in rodents show a slight shortening of period with age, with the exception of house mice (mus domesticus) where a number of studies report mixed results. the present study consists of three comparisons of circadian period for wheel-running activity in young vs. older c57bl inbred mice following entrainment to 16:8 ld, 12:12 ld and 8:16 ld photoperiods. the free-running circadian period (tau(dd)) for wheel-running activity was significantly long ...	1995	7753897
length variation of cag repeats in sry across populations of mus domesticus.		1995	7749230
the effect of sub-lethal doses of bromadiolone on the breeding performance of house mice (mus domesticus).	both laboratory and field strains of mus were exposed to wheat containing 0.0001% bromadiolone under laboratory and outdoor conditions, respectively. while both strains readily consumed the poisoned wheat, ad libitum sub-lethal doses of this anticoagulant equating to between 20% and 70% of the acute ld50 per feed had little apparent effect on the breeding performance of these mice. the implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the use of anticoagulants as pesticides.	1995	7749606
maximal sprint speeds and muscle fiber composition of wild and laboratory house mice.	we compared males from four groups of house mice (mus domesticus), all bred and raised under common conditions in the laboratory: randombred hsd:icr; a wild population from wisconsin; hybrids from lab dams; hybrids from wild dams. wild mice were much faster sprinters (maximal forced sprint speeds over 1.0 m ranged from 2.38 to 3.34 m/s) than were lab mice (range = 0.89-1.68 m/s). hybrids exhibited intermediate speeds (range = 1.54-2.70 m/s) and body masses, indicating largely additive inheritanc ...	1995	8577882
nest defense and survival of offspring in highly aggressive wild canadian female house mice.	nest defense behavior was examined in wild female house mice (mus domesticus) that were derived from a stock initially trapped in alberta, canada. the first objective was to determine whether behavior toward pups prior to mating was related to the intensity of postpartum aggression in a variety of social situations. therefore, prior to the experiments we screened virgin females for their behavior toward a newborn pup [60% of the females exhibited infanticide and 40% were noninfanticidal: 7% were ...	1995	8559775
rates of urine excretion by house mouse (mus domesticus): differences by age, sex, social status, and reproductive condition.	a series of five experiments was used to test hypotheses about factors affecting excreted urine output per day in male and female house mice (mus domesticus). urine was collected in metabolism cages over a 24-hr period. male house mice excrete urine at a rate 1.5-2.0 times that of females. daily average urine output increases with age for both sexes and for mice of the same age; urine output per day is correlated with body mass. females in estrus produce more urine than females in diestrus. urin ...	1995	24233678
assignment of tp53 and tk1 to chromosome 13 in peromyscus by fluorescence in situ hybridization.	mus domesticus dna probes for the tumor suppressor protein-53 (tp53) and thymidine kinase-1 (tk1) genetic loci were used to identify clones representing these loci in a peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) cosmid library. the cosmid-derived homologous probes were biotinylated and hybridized to p. maniculatus (deer mouse) chromosomes. probes for both genes hybridized to the chromosome 13 pair identified by prior g-banding. deer mouse chromosome 13 shares a region of homology with mouse chromo ...	1995	7835097
loss of telomeric sites in the chromosomes of mus musculus domesticus (rodentia: muridae) during robertsonian rearrangements.	mouse chromosomes possessing multiple robertsonian rearrangements (rb chromosomes) have been examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization with the telomeric consensus sequence (ttaggg)n. no hybridization signals were detected at the primary constriction of rb chromosomes. this observation leads us to conclude that the formation of rb chromosomes in the mouse is invariably associated with the loss of telomeric regions. more significantly, a further alteration in regions flanking the primary ...	1995	8528584
identification and characterization of a novel conserved dna repeat.	homozygous in(10)17rk mice contain a paracentric inversion within chromosome (chr) 10 and exhibit a pygmy phenotype, suggesting that the distal inversion breakpoint is within the pygmy (pg) locus. in order to obtain the pygmy gene by positional cloning procedures, in(10)17rk dna was subjected to rflp analysis with single-copy probes derived from the wild-type pygmy locus. this analysis identified a dna polymorphism in the dba/2j mouse strain on which the in(10)17rk mutation was originally induce ...	1995	8535068
an ige-binding tame esterase in the urine of the mouse, mus musculus domesticus.	among the highly heterogeneous components of the mouse urinary protein complex (mup) a hydrolase was detected which was capable of spliting the proteinase ester substrate tame as well as a synthetic chromogenic tripeptide specific for tissue and urinary kallikreins. the binding of mouse-specific ige antibodies from the serum of a highly mouse-allergic patient occurred preferentially to this kallikrein-like enzyme. this finding underscores the possible association of significant biological activi ...	1995	8537097
functional comparison of the mus musculus molossinus and mus musculus domesticus sry genes.	the sry gene functions as a genetic switch initiating testicular development of the indifferent mammalian gonad. the mus musculus molossinus sry open reading frame (orf) encodes a 395-amino acid transcription factor (msry) that specifically binds and bends dna through its n-terminal hmg domain and activates transcription through its long c-terminal (residues 144-366) glutamine/histidine-rich activation domain. the m. m. domesticus sry orf encodes a highly homologous, truncated protein (dsry) of ...	1995	8614401
sex reversal in c57bl/6j-ypos mice corrected by a sry transgene.	c57bl/6j mice carrying a mus domesticus poschiavinus y chromosome (ypos) develop as females with ovarian tissue or as hermaphrodites with ovarian and testicular tissue. we tested the hypothesis that the y-linked component of this inherited sex reversal is caused by the m. d. poschiavinus y-linked testis determining gene (symbolized tdy or sry) by examining gonadal development in c57bl/6j xypos mice carrying a m. musculus allele of sry as a transgene. we found that in the presence of the transgen ...	1995	8570690
the genetic basis of murine and human sex determination: a review.	determination of mammalian sex depends on the presence or absence of a functional testis. testes are determined by the activity of the testis determining factor encoded by the sex determining gene, y (sry) located on the y chromosome. considerable evidence suggests that the sry gene is the only gene on the y chromosome that is both necessary and sufficient to initiate testis determination. other steps in the mammalian sex determining pathway are unknown, although recent advances have shown that ...	1995	8575930
sibling effects on the behavior of infant mouse litters (mus domesticus).	we investigated whether the number of same- or other-sex littermates had a graded effect on the occurrence of early solitary play and social play by mouse (mus domesticus) family units. sixty litters, reduced at birth to 5 different sex ratios (6 males, 5 males and 1 female, 3 males and 3 females, 1 male and 5 females, and 6 females) were scored in 15-min sessions on postnatal days 18 and 21. an increasing trend with age was found for run, pounce, popcorn, self-groom, and explore episodes. type ...	1995	7705064
y chromosome short arm-sxr recombination in xsxr/y males causes deletion of rbm and xy female sex reversal.	we earlier described three lines of sex-reversed xy female mice deleted for sequences believed close to the testes-determining gene (sry) on the y chromosome short arm (yp). the original sex-reversed females appeared among the offspring of xy males that carried the yp duplication sxr on their x chromosome. earlier cytogenetic observations had suggested that the deletions resulted from asymmetrical meiotic recombination between the y and the homologous sxr region, but no direct evidence for this ...	1995	7479793
inactivation of e alpha and e beta expression in inbred and wild mice by multiple distinct mutations, some of which predate speciation within mus species.	the h-2 mhc of mice encodes two functional class ii heterodimeric proteins: a alpha a beta (a) and e alpha e beta (e). while failure to express the a protein has not been reported, a significant proportion of of h-2 haplotypes in both inbred and wild mice do not express e proteins. we and others have previously characterized the molecular basis for defective e expression in haplotypes from mus domesticus (b, f, q, s, from inbred strains) and m. castaneus (w17, wild-derived) species, identifying ...	1995	7495754
spontaneous and ionizing radiation induced mutations involve large events when selecting for loss of an autosomal locus.	the mouse p19h22 embryonal carcinoma cell line contains two distinct chromosome 8 homologs, one derived from mus musculus domesticus (m. domesticus) and the other derived from mus musculus musculus (m. musculus). it also contains a deletion for the m. musculus aprt allele, which is located on chromosome 8. in this study, cells with spontaneous or induced aprt deficiencies were isolated from p19h22 and examined to determine the nature of the mutational events that had occurred. ultraviolet radiat ...	1995	7603506
characterization of polymorphism within the h2-m mhc class ii loci.	the products of the class ii-like h2-m genes of the major histocompatibility complex are required for class ii antigen processing. we sequenced h2-ma and mb from several mouse strains to determine whether these genes are polymorphic like the classical h2-a and e genes, or are oligomorphic, like h2-o. both mb loci appear to be transcribed and are distinct from each other. mb1 and mb2 differ by about 11% at the nucleotide level and are most dissimilar in their second exons (corresponding to the be ...	1995	7607704
discrimination by female mice between the odours of parasitized and non-parasitized males.	the detection and avoidance of parasitized males has been proposed to be a component of female mate choice. we investigated whether or not female laboratory mice, mus musculus domesticus, could discriminate between parasitized and non-parasitized males on the basis of odour. female mice were given a choice between the urine and other odorous secretions of either a male mouse sub-clinically infected for five days with the naturally occurring, enteric, single host, protozoan parasite, eimeria verm ...	1995	7644547
population subdivision and gene flow in danish house mice.	genetic subdivision in local populations of the european house mice, mus musculus domesticus and m. m. musculus, was analysed to study patterns of gene flow. the data consisted of frequencies of microsatellite alleles in 16 samples (250 individuals) from a total of 11 sites in jutland, which included successive samples from three sites. sequences of the control region of mitochondrial dna in three successive samples from one site were also analysed. microsatellite genotype frequencies within sam ...	1995	7663750
a nuclear factor (nf2d9) that binds to the male-specific p450 (cyp 2d-9) gene in mouse liver.	expression of the cyp 2d-9 (steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase) gene in mouse liver is male specific in such mus musculus domesticus strains as fvb/n, whereas the corresponding p450 genes in the wild mouse species mus spretus are not sex specific in their expression. these parental differences in the gene expressions were independently inherited in f1 offspring from crosses of fvb/n and m. spretus. a 5' flanking sequence (-110ctc ctccctattccgggcc-92) was defined as a regulatory element (named sdi-a1) ...	1995	7623810
why is the house mouse karyotype so variable?	rates of robertsonian chromosomal evolution in the western european house mouse are about two orders of magnitude greater than for most other mammals. this has resulted in a remarkable diversity of karyotypic races in a very short period of time. recent studies are beginning to shed light on the relative contributions of mutation, drift, selection and meiotic drive in producing this pattern.	1995	21237083
normal onset, but prolonged expression, of sry gene in the b6.ydom sex-reversed mouse gonad.	when the y chromosome of the mus musculus domesticus mouse (tirano, italy) is placed onto the c57bl/6j (b6) background, the xy progeny (b6.ydom) develop only ovaries or ovotestes in fetal life. in the present study, we examined transcription of genes known to be involved in gonadal sex differentiation in the b6.ydom gonad. rna was isolated from each gonad at 10 to 18 days of gestation and subjected to rt-pcr analysis. the results indicate that the onset of sry, a putative testis-determining gene ...	1994	7958412
genetic analysis of liver tumorigenesis in sv40 t antigen transgenic mice implies a role for imprinted genes.	liver tumors from interspecific hybrid, transgenic mice containing the sv40 early region linked to a mouse major urinary protein enhancer/promoter were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity to identify chromosomal regions which potentially contain genetic loci involved in multistep tumorigenesis. a broad pattern of complete and partial loss of heterozygosity or allelic imbalance was observed with frequent loss of heterozygosity/partial loss of heterozygosity of loci on chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, and ...	1994	7987847
fluctuating asymmetry in the mus musculus hybrid zone: a heterotic effect in disrupted co-adapted genomes.	developmental stability reflects the organism's ability to buffer minor developmental accidents and is often estimated by measuring the fluctuating asymmetry. either implicitly or explicitly, numerous authors have assumed that developmental stability is correlated with overall fitness. if this is the case, changes in morphological asymmetry across a hybrid zone could be used as a measure of the selection on hybrid genomes. developmental stability in hybrid populations is theoretically related to ...	1994	7997458
the original pink-eyed dilution mutation (p) arose in asiatic mice: implications for the h4 minor histocompatibility antigen, myod1 regulation and the origin of inbred strains.	allelic variation of the mouse pink-eyed dilution (p) gene in common laboratory strains and wild mice was examined by southern blot and by polymerase chain reaction. in these assays the original p mutation allele found in strains sjl/j, 129/j, b10.129(21m), p/j and fs/ei most closely matches an asian mus musculus allele, confirming anecdotal accounts of the asian origin of this mutation. in contrast, the wild-type allele found in other common laboratory strains was apparently derived from mus do ...	1994	8001787
mitochondrial dna variation and the evolution of robertsonian chromosomal races of house mice, mus domesticus.	the house mouse, mus domesticus, includes many distinct robertsonian (rb) chromosomal races with diploid numbers from 2n = 22 to 2n = 38. although these races are highly differentiated karyotypically, they are otherwise indistinguishable from standard karyotype (i.e., 2n = 40) mice, and consequently their evolutionary histories are not well understood. we have examined mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence variation from the control region and the nd3 gene region among 56 m. domesticus from western ...	1994	8005418
polymorphism of the mouse transcription factor-encoding gene e2a.	southern blotting analysis using a cdna probe consisting of the central portion of the e12 coding region has revealed two distinct forms of e2a, one which is common to all inbred and wild mouse strains derived from mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus, whereas the other is less common and has only been found in the wild mouse population of mus musculus domesticus.	1994	8163208
aminotransferase activities in mouse, mus domesticus, erythrocytes separated according to age.	erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) activities are often used as indices of vitamin b-6 nutritional status; however, results using a mixed population of erythrocytes can be quite variable. erythrocytes from two strains of mice (mus domesticus), a/ibg and dba/ibg, were separated according to age by centrifugation through discontinuous percoll density gradients into three fractions: top (least dense, youngest), middle and bottom (most dense, oldest). a s ...	1994	7553357
origin of the north american house mouse.	the house mouse, mus domesticus, was introduced to the american continent in the post-columbian era. we have used mouse chromosome 17 dna probes to trace the origin of the wild house mice on the east coast of the united states. of the four probes used, one in particular proved to be informative in this regard. the d17tu20 probe defines a polymorphism at a locus telomeric of the h-2 complex. taqi restriction enzyme digests of genomic dna blotted and hybridized with the d17tu20 probe revealed the ...	1994	7589706
the hsr on chromosome 1 of the house mouse, mus domesticus: distribution and frequency in switzerland.	a total of 357 house mice (mus domesticus) from 83 localities uniformly distributed throughout switzerland were screened for the presence of a homogenously staining region (hsr) on chromosome 1. altogether 47 mice from 11 localities were hsr/+ or hsr/hsr. one sample of 11 individuals all had an hsr/hsr karyotype. almost all mice with the variant were collected from the rhone valley (hsr frequency: 61%) and val bregaglia (hsr frequency: 81%). for samples from most of the area of switzerland, the ...	1994	7813901
distribution of the molossinus allele of sry, the testis-determining gene, in wild mice.	when the y chromosome of the laboratory inbred mouse strain c57bl/6 (b6) is replaced by the y of certain strains of mus musculus domesticus, testis determination fails and all xy fetuses develop either as hermaphrodites or xy females (xy sex reversal). this suggests the presence of at least two alleles of sry, the male-determining gene on the y:m. m. domesticus and b6. the b6 y chromosome is derived from the japanese house mouse, m. m. molossinus and therefore carries a molossinus sry allele. as ...	1994	7815926
biochemical basis of warfarin and bromadiolone resistance in the house mouse, mus musculus domesticus.	danish mice (mus musculus domesticus) genetically resistant to the anticoagulant action of two 4-hydroxycoumarins, warfarin and bromadiolone, were examined to determine their mechanism of resistance. the hepatic vitamin k epoxide reductase in the bromadiolone-resistant mice and in one phenotype of warfarin-resistant mice was highly insensitive to in vitro inhibition by warfarin and bromadiolone. the kinetic constants for the epoxide reductase from bromadiolone-resistant mice were also altered. t ...	1994	8129744
phenotype and tcr gamma delta variable gene repertoire of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in wild mice (mus musculus domesticus): abundance of v gamma 1 transcripts and extensive delta gene diversity.	in order to study murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) independent of factors imparted by conditions of laboratory housing and breeding, and to provide a basis for comparison of iel studies between inbred and outbred mouse populations, iel from the domestic house mouse, mus musculus domesticus, were analyzed by flow cytometric analyses using mabs to murine lymphocyte markers, and by polymerase chain reaction to study the tcr gamma and delta v gene repertoires. the majority of iel ...	1994	8155599
the testis-determining autosomal trait, tda-1, of c57bl/6j is determined by more than a single autosomal gene when compared with dba/2j mice.	the putative tda-1 or testis-determining autosomal trait of the c57bl/6j mouse strain came to attention when the y chromosome from the poschiavinus variety of mus musculus domesticus was introduced into c57bl/6j by backcross matings. the f1 generation expressed normal testis development in xy individuals with the poschiavinus y chromosome. in the backcross and subsequent crosses to c57bl/6j females, xy individuals expressed ovaries bilaterally or various combinations of an ovotestis with a contr ...	1994	8200518
plasma alpha-1-antiproteinase from the mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus: isolation, partial characterization, sequencing of cdna, and implications for molecular evolution.	alpha-1-antiproteinase (also called alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor or alpha-1-antitrypsin) with a molecular mass of 56 kda was purified from plasma of the mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus, to apparent homogeneity. it inhibited trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and plasmin, but not kallikrein or thrombin. eight cdna clones coding for this protein were isolated from a liver cdna library and sequenced. they contained the same coding regions consisting of a 24-residue signal peptide and a 382-re ...	1994	7852275
developmental arrest of fertilized eggs from the b6.ydom sex-reversed female mouse.	when the y chromosome of a mus musculus domesticus mouse strain is placed onto the c57bl/6j (b6) inbred background, the xy progeny develop ovaries or ovotestes but never normal testes during fetal life. while some of the hermaphroditic males become fertile, none of the xy females produces litters. here, we examined the fertility and development of oocytes derived from the xy female mouse. with or without preceding injection of gonadotropins, female mice were mated with normal b6 males, and their ...	1994	7955569
association of xmv-10 and the non-agouti (a) mutation explained by close linkage instead of causality.	in a previous survey of endogenous proviruses among inbred mouse strains, the xmv-10 provirus was found only in strains that carried the non-agouti (a) mutation (frankel et al. j. virol. 63: 1763-1774, 1989). to determine whether insertion of xmv-10 caused the a mutation, we cloned a portion of xmv-10 and its insertion site. using a fragment of flanking cellular dna as a southern hybridization probe, we found that the xmv-10 provirus was still present in revertant alleles of a to a(t) or aw. a r ...	1994	8111126
polymorphism of a cag trinucleotide repeat within sry correlates with b6.ydom sex reversal.	breeding the y chromosome from certain mus musculus domesticus strains onto the inbred laboratory mouse strain, c57bl/6j (b6), results in hermaphroditic progeny. this strain-dependent sex reversal suggests that there may be significant allelic variation in the murine sex determining gene, sry. we have analysed the sry genes from several domesticus-type y chromosomes and show that they encode smaller proteins than the molossinus-type alleles sryb6 and sry129. we have also identified a polymorphic ...	1994	8012385
nonneutral evolution at the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in mice.	the neutral theory of molecular evolution asserts that while many mutations are deleterious and rapidly eliminated from populations, those that we observe as polymorphisms within populations are functionally equivalent to each other and thus neutral with respect to fitness. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is widely used as a genetic marker in evolutionary studies and is generally assumed to evolve according to a strictly neutral model of molecular evolution. one prediction of the neutral theory is tha ...	1994	8022788
sequences and evolutionary analysis of mouse 5s rdnas.	we selectively amplified the spacer regions of genes for mouse 5s ribosomal rna (rrna), which are tandemly repeated, by the pcr method, using primers specific to the two ends of the coding region for 5s rrna. fragments of approximately 1.6 kb were amplified from dna from the balb/ccrslc mouse (mus musculus domesticus), the sm/j mouse (m. m. domesticus), the moa mouse (m. m. musculus) and the seg mouse (m. spretus). these fragments were cloned into an appropriate plasmid vector, and two clones re ...	1994	8078409
the potential of murine cytomegalovirus as a viral vector for immunocontraception.	wild populations of house mice (mus domesticus) regularly undergo population eruptions in the cereal growing regions of s.e. australia, causing significant damage to crops. rodenticides are costly and are of limited usefulness, and the need for a biological control agent is widely recognized. the options for the use of an infectious agent to control mouse populations are considered. the three main types are: infectious agents which establish lethal infection; those which directly interfere with ...	1994	7831489
functional analysis of maternal aggression in the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus).	the presumed function of maternal aggression as a means to protect the young from infanticidal conspecifics was tested. lactating females attacked male intruders regardless of their potential for infanticide and intrasexual aggression (as previously screened). the level of aggression of the male intruder rather than his infanticidal potential, influenced both the mother's latency to attack and the possibility of successful protection of her young. a lactating female's attack on a male, but not o ...	1994	24925109
shared sequence variants of mus spretus line-1 elements tracing dispersal to within the last 1 million years.	line-1 repetitive sequences contain a record of an evolving population of transposons within the mammalian genome. of the 100,000 copies of line-1 sequences per genome there are many shared sequence variants representing changes occurring within the propagating line-1 elements themselves, rather than changes that occur during retrotransposition or after an element inserts in the genome. these shared sequence variants define families of line-1 elements which have spread within specific periods of ...	1994	8070666
polymorphism and divergence at the 5' flanking region of the sex-determining locus, sry, in mice.	we have investigated patterns of evolution in the nonrecombining portion of the y chromosome in mice by comparing levels of polymorphism within mus domesticus with levels of divergence between m. domesticus and m. spretus. a 1,277-bp fragment of noncoding sequence flanking the sex determining locus (sry) was pcr amplified, and 1,063 bases were sequenced and compared among 20 m. domesticus and 1 m. spretus. two polymorphic base substitutions and two polymorphic insertion/deletion sites were ident ...	1994	8015446
inhibition of sexual maturation in juvenile female and male mice by a chemosignal of female origin.	maturation of juvenile house mice (mus domesticus) exposed to synthetic 2,5-dimethylpyrazine was compared to the maturation of juvenile male and female mice exposed to urine from adult males and grouped females. exposure of juvenile male mice to the synthetic compound significantly inhibited the growth of their testes and sex-accessory glands in a fashion similar to the urine of adult males and grouped females. the uterine weight and the presence of ova in the oviducts in females was strongly af ...	1994	8190771
genetic mediation of infanticide and parental behavior in male and female domestic and wild stock house mice.	infanticide is a reproductive strategy found in many mammals, especially rodents. the proportion of male and female house mice (mus domesticus) that are either infanticidal or noninfanticidal is strain specific and varies widely from stock to stock. male house mice also show strain-specific variation in the behavioral mechanisms that inhibit infanticidal individuals from killing their own offspring. the adult offspring generated from reciprocally crossed cf-1 and wild stock house mice were teste ...	1993	8129694
familiarity with conspecific odor and isolation-induced aggressive behavior in male mice (mus domesticus).	male swiss cd-1 mice (mus domesticus, n = 60) were isolated for 24 days. in the isolation group mice were exposed to their own odor; in the familiarity group mice were familiarized with pairmates' odor by daily exchange of bedding; and in the unfamiliarity group subjects (exposed) were familiarized with pairmates' odor, whereas the pairmates (nonexposed) were familiarized with odors of other isolated mice. aggressive behavior was scored during 20-min sessions. familiarity with the pairmate's odo ...	1993	8375149
extreme karyotypic variation in a mus musculus domesticus hybrid zone: the tobacco mouse story revisited.	the robertsonian fusion is a common chromosomal mutation among mammal species and is especially prevalent in the west european house mouse, mus musculus domesticus. more than 40 races of the house mouse exist in europe, including the famous "tobacco mouse" (poschiavo race) of val poschiavo, switzerland. documented here is the discovery of an extreme case of karyotypic variation in the neighboring upper valtellina, italy. in a 20-km stretch of the valley, 32 karyotypes were observed, including fi ...	1993	28564891
maternal investment of communally nursing female house mice (mus musculus domesticus).	female house mice (mus musculus domesticus) belonging to the same polygynous breeding unit rear their litters communally. this paper analyzes the consequences of communal nursing on the number and weight of offspring produced. the reproductive behaviour of monogamous females was compared to that of females living in polygynous groups, consisting of either two familiar sisters or of two genetically unrelated females (unfamiliar until the age of 7 weeks). the lifetime reproductive success of a fem ...	1993	24896472
restriction fragment length polymorphism and evolution of the mouse immunoglobulin constant region gamma loci.	genomic dna from twelve laboratory mouse strains, in addition to 21 wild-derived strains belonging to different taxa (mus musculus domesticus, mus musculus musculus, mus spretus, mus macedonicus, and mus spicilegus) and four mouse strains that are evolutionarily more distant, were analyzed by southern blot for polymorphism of the ig heavy chain constant region gamma isotype (igh-c gamma) and for the distribution of the duplicated igh-1 (c gamma 2 alpha) haplotype. distinct allelic forms of each ...	1993	8099342
molecular and biological characterization of new strains of murine cytomegalovirus isolated from wild mice.	studies of the prevalence of antibody to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in free-living wild mice (mus domesticus) trapped in diverse regions of australia and on a sub-antarctic island indicated that 90% of 468 mice had serum antibody to mcmv. twenty-six field isolates of mcmv were plaque-purified from salivary gland extracts of representative seropositive mice. these isolates varied considerably in their ability to replicate in the salivary glands of weanling balb/c mice with 9 of 15 failing to r ...	1993	8102523
cloning and sequence analysis of the gene and cdna encoding mouse spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase--a gene uniquely regulated by polyamines and their analogs.	the polyamine catabolizing enzyme, spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase (ssat), has been implicated as a critical determinant of polyamine pool maintenance. ssat has recently been shown to be positively regulated in human cell lines by polyamines and their analogs at the level of mrna accumulation. mouse la-4 lung adenoma cells treated with either spermine or the spermine analog, n1,n12-bis(ethyl)spermine, produced a 2.3 and 6.5-fold increase, respectively, in ssat mrna. prior evidence for t ...	1993	8241266
sex differences in plasma corticosterone in mouse fetuses are mediated by differential placental transport from the mother and eliminated by maternal adrenalectomy or stress.	the effect of changes in maternal corticosterone concentrations, induced by maternal stress, maternal adrenalectomy or both, on concentration of corticosterone in serum and in adrenals of mouse (mus domesticus) fetuses was examined. higher baseline serum corticosterone concentrations were found in female fetuses than in male fetuses; however, there was no sex difference in the content of corticosterone in adrenals collected from these fetuses. sex differences were observed in the fetal response ...	1993	8107008
genetic control of retroviral disease in aging wild mice.	different populations of wild mice (mus musculus domesticus) in los angeles and ventura counties were observed over their lifespan in captivity for expression of infectious murine leukemia virus (mulv) and murine mammary tumor virus (mmtv) and for the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. in most populations of feral mice these indigenous retroviruses were infrequently expressed and cancer seldom occurred until later in life (> 2 years old). mmtv was found in the milk of about 50% of wild mic ...	1993	8125269
population dynamics of aberrant chromosome 1 in mice.	natural populations of two semispecies of house mouse, mus musculus domesticus and m.m. musculus, were found to be polymorphic for an aberrant chromosome 1 bearing a large inserted block of homogeneously staining heterochromatin. strong meiotic drive for the aberrant chromosome from m.m. musculus was previously observed in heterozygous female mice. there are at least three meiotic drive levels determined by different allelic variants of distorter. homozygotes had low viability and females showed ...	1993	8314713
experimental evidence of genetic determinism in high susceptibility to intestinal pinworm infection in mice: a hybrid zone model.	in the hybrid zone of the two mouse subspecies mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus, mice with hybrid genotypes harbour, on the average, more helminth parasites (cestodes and nematodes) than mice of the two parental taxa. in order to determine the roles played by genetic parameters in this phenomenon, mice with recombined and parental genotypes were experimentally infected with the intestinal pinworm aspiculuris tetraptera, a natural parasite of the house mouse. the results showed t ...	1993	8316436
high-resolution comparative mapping of mouse chromosome 17.	we have constructed a high-resolution genetic linkage map spanning the proximal 32 cm of mouse chromosome 17 including the t complex. simple sequence repeats at d17tu1 and d17mit6 were employed to identify 121 recombinants among 374 offspring of a (c57bl/6 x cast/ei) x c57bl/6 backcross. in contrast to previously reported interspecific mus domesticus x mus spretus backcrosses, we did not observe inversion polymorphisms with our cross. this and the relatively high frequency of dna polymorphisms b ...	1993	8406442
new t-cell receptor gamma haplotypes in wild mice and evidence for limited tcrg-v gene polymorphism.	tcrg gene polymorphism was investigated by southern blot analysis on a panel of laboratory and wild mouse strains using a set of probes which identify all known tcrg-v and -c genes. only three haplotypes are found in laboratory mice: ga, gb, and gc which are represented by balb/c, akr, and dba/2 prototypes respectively. ga and gc haplotypes are the most frequent among laboratory mice whereas gb is poorly represented. seven new haplotypes are described among 23 wild mice corresponding to four mus ...	1993	8420824
immunoglobulin constant kappa gene alleles in twelve strains of mice.	genomic dna for the immunoglobulin (ig) constant kappa igk-c gene region was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method and sequenced from twelve commonly used inbred mouse strains. pcr products were used directly as templates in dideoxy-dna-sequencing, a method which avoids the sequencing errors caused by taq polymerase, since no cloning step is required. in restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) studies the sjl mouse strain has been shown to belong to a igk-c allogroup di ...	1993	8436414
mus spretus-specific line-1 dna probes applied to the cloning of the murine pearl locus.	line-1 is the major family of long, interspersed, repetitive dna sequences found in mammalian genomes. the mouse species mus spretus contains large line-1 subfamilies that are distinguishable from the line-1 elements of laboratory mus domesticus strains by their content of particular nucleotide differences. oligonucleotides containing these differences act as m. spretus-specific line-1 hybridization probes. we have used these probes as a novel genetic tool in conjunction with an interspecific hy ...	1993	8449493
prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia.	a 13-month study of wild mice (mus domesticus) in wheatlands in southeastern australia contrasted changes in the seroprevalence of antibody to 13 viruses and the occurrence of helminths with changes in their population dynamics. mice were seropositive for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), rotavirus, minute virus of mice (mvm), mouse adenovirus (madv), reovirus (reo 3), and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the seroprevalences of all but rotavirus varied significantly with time and increased with host de ...	1993	8472782
a b2 repeat insertion generates alternate structures of the mouse muscle gamma-phosphorylase kinase gene.	a variety of cdna and genomic clones for the gamma-subunit of mouse muscle phosphorylase kinase (phk-gamma m) have been isolated and characterized. the murine gene for phk-gamma m (phkg) exhibits multiple transcription start sites that are identical in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain. the gene is composed of 10 exons and includes a 4.9-kb intron located in the 5' untranslated region. two mrna species of 1.75 and 2.55 kb are produced from phkg in icr and c57bl/10 mice; these transcript ...	1993	8486349
endocrine differentiation of the xy sex-reversed mouse ovary during postnatal development.	when the mouse y chromosome of mus musculus domesticus is placed onto the c57bl/6j genetic background, half of the xy progeny develop bilateral ovaries and the female phenotype, but lack regular estrous cyclicity and lose embryos after fertilization. in the present study, we compared the endocrinological activity of xy ovaries with xx ovaries during postnatal development by measuring steroids in the incubation medium by radioimmunoassay. at 1 day postpartum (d.p.p.), production of progesterone a ...	1993	8499334
targeted cloning of a subfamily of line-1 elements by subfamily-specific line-1-pcr.	subfamily-specific line-1 pcr (ssl1-pcr) is the targeted amplification and cloning of defined subfamilies of line-1 elements and their flanking sequences. the targeting is accomplished by incorporating a subfamily-specific sequence difference at the 3' end of a line-1 pcr primer and pairing it with a primer to an anchor ligated within the flanking region. ssl1-pcr was demonstrated by targeting amplification of a mus spretus-specific line-1 subfamily. the amplified fragments were cloned to make a ...	1993	8499652
evaluation of a nematode (capillaria hepatica bancroft, 1893) as a control agent for populations of house mice (mus musculus domesticus schwartz and schwartz, 1943).	sudden, large-scale infestations of house mice (mus musculus domesticus) occur irregularly in the cereal-growing regions of australia, resulting in substantial economic losses. mathematical modelling has been used to evaluate the use of the liver nematode capillaria hepatica as a potential agent for the biological control of mouse populations. the models suggest that c. hepatica is unlikely to be successful as a single-release control agent: instead, the parasite would need to be released when i ...	1993	8518449
characterizations of candidate genes for idd susceptibility from the diabetes-prone nod mouse strain.	the nucleotide sequences of the nod and c57bl/6j alleles of glut-2, sod-2, and il-2 were determined by rt-pcr sequencing. each of these loci is located in intervals that strongly correlated with susceptibility to diabetes in an (nod/uf x c57bl/6j)f1 x nod/uf backcross. no significant variations in the alleles of glut-2 at 16 cm on chromosome (chr) 3 or sod-2 at 8 cm on chr 17 were detected. however, the il-2 allele in nod at 20 cm on chr 3 was found to differ from that in c57bl/6j by a complex m ...	1993	8268651
further studies of a staggered hybrid zone in mus musculus domesticus (the house mouse).	in the extreme north-east of scotland (near the village of john o'groats) there is a small karyotypic race of house mouse (2n = 32), characterized by four metacentric chromosomes 4.10, 9.12, 6.13 and 11.14. we present new data on the hybrid zone between this form and the standard race (2n = 40) and show an association between race and habitat. in a transect south of john o'groats we demonstrate that the clines for arm combinations 4.10 and 9.12 are staggered relative to the clines for 6.13 and 1 ...	1993	8276635
further examination of the kinetics of gonadal development in xy female mice.	y-chromosomes derived from house mouse populations of mus domesticus are able to lead to the formation of xy females (i.e. hermaphrodite individuals with both ovarian and testicular tissues) when inserted, by appropriate crosses, into the c57bl/6j genome, which usually carries the mus musculus y chromosome. an abnormal interaction between the testis-determining gene on the y (of domesticus origin) and an autosomal recessive allele (of musculus origin) needed for testicular formation is the likel ...	1993	8374503
region-specific rates of molecular evolution: a fourfold reduction in the rate of accumulation of "silent" mutations in transcribed versus nontranscribed regions of homologous dna fragments derived from two closely related mouse species.	we have sequenced homologous dna fragments of 2.7 and 2.8 kbp derived from the closely related mouse species mus musculus domesticus (m. domesticus) and mus musculus musculus (m. musculus), respectively. these two species diverged approximately 1 million years ago. each dna fragment contains 1.35 kbp of the 3' end of the constitutively expressed 2.2-kbp aprt (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) gene and a similarly sized nontranscribed region downstream of the aprt gene. the aprt gene region cont ...	1993	8433377
circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene sry in adult mouse testis.	sry is expressed at higher levels in the adult testis, where no function has been determined, than in the genital ridge, its critical site of action. cdna and 5' race clones isolated from testis or from sry-transfected cell lines have an unusual structure, with 3' sequences located in a 5' position. rnaase protection assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions confirmed that these unusual rna molecules represent the most abundant transcript in testis. furthermore, oligonucleotide ...	1993	7684656
polymorphism, localization and geographical transfer of mitochondrial dna in mus musculus domesticus (irish house mice).	the analysis of mtdna restriction fragments from irish house mice revealed much polymorphism, both within and between populations. many phenotypes showed geographical localization and there was a strong correlation between geographical distance and genetic divergence. populations, which are discontinuous and limited to buildings or their vicinity, are apparently the result of short-range migration. transport by man, with whom the species is closely associated, appears to have negligible impact. ...	1993	8094386
a serologic survey for viruses and mycoplasma pulmonis among wild house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia.	plasma samples from 267 wild house mice (mus domesticus) trapped at 14 sites in southeastern australia were screened for antibody to 14 viruses normally associated with laboratory-reared rodents and to mycoplasma pulmonis. serologic prevalence was high for murine cytomegalovirus (99%, n = 94), murine coronavirus (95%), and murine rotavirus (74%). samples from mice collected at all sites contained antibody to these viruses. the serologic prevalence was lower for mouse adenovirus, strain k87 (37%) ...	1993	8487371
an ephemeral sex pheromone of female house mice (mus domesticus): pheromone fade-out time.	male mice will emit ultrasounds to at least two chemosignals present in female mouse urine: a) an ephemeral unconditioned stimulus (ucs) present in freshly voided urine and b) a conditioned stimulus (cs) that remains after the ucs has disappeared. in this study, four phases examined the time frame over which the ucs disappeared. urine that had been aged for either 12, 15, 18, or 24 h was compared for vocalization elicitation with fresh urine (which contains the ucs) and metabolic cage-collected ...	1993	8327598
factors that may regulate assembly of the mammalian sperm tail deduced from a mouse t complex mutation.	a unique pattern of aberrant sperm development occurs in laboratory mice (mus domesticus) that have been made homozygous for an allele of an autosomal gene, hst-6s, derived from another mouse species, mus spretus. during the abnormal spermiogenic process of these sterile animals, the sperm tail fails to assemble normally, although a bud develops at the site of the centriole in early spermatids. the bud enlarges during sperm development and eventually contains elements of a mature sperm tail. tub ...	1993	7904484
olfactory discrimination of urinary odortypes from congenic strains (dba/1bg and dba1.c57bl10-ybg) of mice differing in their y chromosomes.	differential effects of one or more genes in the nonpseudoautosomal region of the dba1 and c57bl10 y chromosomes on offensive attack may be mediated, at least in part, by differential effects of this y chromosomal gene(s) on the sending and receiving of discriminable urinary odortypes. this hypothesis is based, in part, on the report that urine from a pair of y chromosomal congenic strains (c57bl6.akr-y and c57bl6) of mice can be discriminated in a y maze test. the akr and c57bl6 y chromosomes c ...	1993	8352719
distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the mouse. iii. the area dentata.	the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ache) was examined in the area dentata of the adult mouse (mus musculus domesticus). a distinctly stratified distribution of the enzyme was observed and was compared in detail with cytoarchitectural fields and layers. in the stratum moleculare, bands of relatively high ache activity were seen immediately beneath the pia, at the borders between the outer, middle, and deep portions of the stratum moleculare, and superficial to the granule cell layer. ache ...	1993	7685362
survival curves, reproductive life span and age-related pathology of mus caroli.	although mus caroli is being used in a number of laboratories as an experimental animal, basic information concerning its life span, reproductive ability, and age-related pathologies has been unavailable. here we present this basic information, and discuss the similarities to and differences from the laboratory mouse, mus musculus domesticus [strains a/sttrwo and (a/sttrwo x c57bl/6nnia)f1] and, from published data, wild-type mus musculus.	1992	1318441
licl aversive conditioning has transitory effects on pheromonal responsiveness in male house mice (mus domesticus).	appetitive and aversive experiences influence whether odors elicit precopulatory behavior from male rodents. a role for aversive experience in odor-elicited reproductive behaviors had been demonstrated for hamsters and rats, but similar work on house mice had not been performed. four experiments examined whether lithium chloride (licl) aversive conditioning would alter two precopulatory behaviors (ultrasonic vocalizations and olfactory preference) that male house mice normally exhibit to female ...	1992	1326774
nucleotide sequence of mouse sry gene is different between y chromosome originating from mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus.		1992	1349578
the musculus-type y chromosome of the laboratory mouse is of asian origin.	mus musculus domesticus, m.m. bactrianus, m.m. musculus, m.m. castaneus, and m.m. molossinus wild mice were investigated for polymorphisms of the y chromosome (chr) genes zinc finger-y (zfy) and sex-determining region-y (sry). zfy divided the y chrs of these mice into domesticus- (domesticus) and musculus-types (musculus, castaneus, molossinus). m.m. bactrianus specimens had both y chrs, possibly owing to the introgression of a musculus-type y into this population. sry identified a subpopulation ...	1992	1352158
evolution of the major histocompatibility complex: a hundred-fold amplification of mhc class i genes in the african pigmy mouse nannomys setulosus.	the genome of the african murine rodent nannomys setulosus was found to harbor several thousand major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes instead of the 30-40 genes found in conventional laboratory mice, which are mostly of mus musculus domesticus origin. other genes of n. setulosus, either functionally or physically linked to class i genes, are not amplified. amplified genes derive from as few as three ancestors and amplification has likely occurred after the divergence of the two na ...	1992	1428009
polymorphisms distinguishing different mouse species and t haplotypes.	three anonymous chromosome 17 dna markers, d17tu36, d17tu43, and d17le66b, differentiate between house mouse species and/or between t chromosomes. the d17tu36 probe, which maps near the fu locus and to the in(17)4 on t chromosomes, identifies at least 15 haplotypes, each haplotype characterized by a particular combination of dna fragments obtained after digestion with the taq i restriction endonuclease. ten of these haplotypes occur in mus domesticus, while the remaining five occur in m. musculu ...	1992	1452014
true hermaphrodites: an experimental model in the mouse.	when the y chromosome from the mus musculus domesticus mouse strain is placed onto the c57bl/6j mouse background ovarian and testicular components develop in half of the xy progeny (b6.ydom), providing an excellent model of true hermaphroditism. we examined the correlation between gonadal sex and development of the internal genital tract in the b6.ydom mouse at puberty. of 55 mice examined 20 had bilateral testes, 33 were true hermaphrodites and 2 had mixed gonadal dysgenesis. in all mice with b ...	1992	1640543
genetic mapping of two dna markers, d16ros1 and d16ros2, flanking the mutation site in the chakragati mouse, a transgenic insertional mutant.	we present here the genetic mapping of two novel loci, d16ros1 and d16ros2, to mouse chromosome (chr) 16. the probes for these loci were genomic fragments isolated from the chakragati mouse, a behavioral mutant resulting from insertional mutagenesis during the course of making transgenic mice. d16ros1 and d16ros2 were first mapped by recombinant inbred (ri) strain analysis and subsequently by the analysis of 145 progeny of two interspecific backcrosses between mus domesticus and mus spretus. the ...	1992	1581634
inverted repeat structure of the sry locus in mice.	the testis-determining gene sry is located on the short arm of the mouse y chromosome in a region known to have undergone duplications and rearrangements in comparison with the equivalent portion of the human y chromosome. detailed analysis of the sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat. this repeat, which is found in both mus musculus musculus and mus musculus do ...	1992	1518820
two types of mouse (mus musculus domesticus) y chromosomes in quebec.	a y chromosomal repetitive sequence identified two types of y chromosomes in mice (mus musculus domesticus) caught near ste. anne de bellevue, quebec. one type is apparently identical to the y chromosome found in maryland, delaware, and california, whereas the other type is similar, but not identical, to the y chromosome present in m.m. poschiavinus, an alpine race of m.m. domesticus. these findings suggest that the domesticus y chromosome is highly polymorphic and thus useful for elucidating th ...	1992	1624134
polymorphisms revealed by pcr with single, short-sized, arbitrary primers are reliable markers for mouse and rat gene mapping.	ten single, arbitrarily designed oligodeoxynucleotide primers, with 50-70% (g+c) content, were used to amplify by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) sequences with dna templates from several mouse species (mus spretus, mus musculus musculus, and mus musculus domesticus), as well as dna from the laboratory rat (rattus norvegicus). eight of these ten primers, used either individually or associated in pairs, generated a total of 13 polymorphic products which were used as genetic markers. all of these ...	1992	1617216