Publications

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the transcriptomes of novel marmoset monkey embryonic stem cell lines reflect distinct genomic features.embryonic stem cells (escs) are useful for the study of embryonic development. however, since research on naturally conceived human embryos is limited, non-human primate (nhp) embryos and nhp escs represent an excellent alternative to the corresponding human entities. though, esc lines derived from naturally conceived nhp embryos are still very rare. here, we report the generation and characterization of four novel esc lines derived from natural preimplantation embryos of the common marmoset mon ...201627385131
avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: lessons from the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus).much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. in terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. the current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. until relatively recently there has not been a ...201627350726
pharmaceutical inhibition of mtor in the common marmoset: effect of rapamycin on regulators of proteostasis in a non-human primate.inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) has emerged as a viable means to lengthen lifespan and healthspan in mice, although it is still unclear whether these benefits will extend to other mammalian species. we previously reported results from a pilot experiment wherein common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were treated orally with rapamycin to reduce mtor signaling in vivo in line with previous reports in mice and humans. further, long-term treatment did not significantly alter body ...201627341957
expression pattern of wolframin, the wfs1 (wolfram syndrome-1 gene) product, in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) cochlea.wolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of the neuroendocrine system, known as didmoad (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) syndrome, and considered an endoplasmic reticulum disease. patients show mutations in wfs1, which encodes the 890 amino acid protein wolframin. although wfs1 knockout mice develop diabetes, their hearing level is completely normal. in this study, we examined the expression of wolframin in the cochlea of a nonhuman primate common ma ...201627341211
mri-guided stereotaxic brain surgery in the infant and adult common marmoset.in the past decade, the new world common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has taken a seminal position in neurobiological research, fueled in part by its smooth cortical sheet, which allows cortical areas to be easily accessed by current technologies on the dorsal surface of the brain. in this protocol, we describe a method for the precision placement of agents (e.g., tracers or neurotoxins) into small brain regions of the infant and adult marmoset, using an mri-guided approach. this strategy uses ...201627336707
optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in awake marmosets.optogenetics has revolutionized the study of functional neuronal circuitry (boyden es, zhang f, bamberg e, nagel g, deisseroth k. nat neurosci 8: 1263-1268, 2005; deisseroth k. nat methods 8: 26-29, 2011). although these techniques have been most successfully implemented in rodent models, they have the potential to be similarly impactful in studies of nonhuman primate brains. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have recently emerged as a candidate primate model for gene editing, providing a po ...201627334951
utility of non-human primates in drug development: comparison of non-human primate and human drug-metabolizing cytochrome p450 enzymes.cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis, an old world monkey) have been widely used as a non-human primate model in preclinical studies because of their genetic and physiological similarity to humans. this trend has been followed by common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, a new world monkey). however, drug-metabolism properties in these non-human primates have not been fully understood due to limited information on cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes, major drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. multiple ...201627318253
sharaku: an algorithm for aligning and clustering read mapping profiles of deep sequencing in non-coding rna processing.deep sequencing of the transcripts of regulatory non-coding rna generates footprints of post-transcriptional processes. after obtaining sequence reads, the short reads are mapped to a reference genome, and specific mapping patterns can be detected called read mapping profiles, which are distinct from random non-functional degradation patterns. these patterns reflect the maturation processes that lead to the production of shorter rna sequences. recent next-generation sequencing studies have revea ...201627307639
uterine rupture in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).a 5-y-old multiparous female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) presented with acute weight loss of approximately 25% over a 1-wk period. an abdominal mass was apparent on physical examination, and radiographs suggested peritoneal effusion. exploratory laparotomy revealed hemoperitoneum and an enlarged, gray, hemorrhaging uterus; ovariohysterectomy was performed, and the marmoset recovered. histologic evaluation of the ovaries and uterus revealed uterine rupture, with invasion of placental vil ...201627298252
nuclear organization of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): a cytoarchitectonic and th-immunohistochemistry study.it is widely known that the catecholamine group is formed by dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. its synthesis is regulated by the enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase. 3-hydroxytyramine/dopamine (da) is a precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis and acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. the three main nuclei, being the retrorubral field (a8 group), the substantia nigra pars compacta (a9 group) and the ventral tegmental area (a10 group), are arranged in the die-m ...201627292410
consistent inter-individual differences in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in boldness-shyness, stress-activity, and exploration-avoidance.the study of animal personality, defined as consistent inter-individual differences in correlated behavioral traits stable throughout time and/or contexts, has recently become one of the fastest growing areas in animal biology, with study species ranging from insects to non-human primates. the latter have, however, only occasionally been tested with standardized experiments. instead their personality has usually been assessed using questionnaires. therefore, this study aimed to test 21 common ma ...201627286098
comparison of marmoset and human fsh using synthetic peptides of the β-subunit l2 loop region and anti-peptide antibodies.follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) is a glycoprotein hormone required for female and male gametogenesis in vertebrates. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate monkey, used as animal model in biomedical research. observations like, requirement of extremely high dose of human fsh in marmosets for superovulation compared to other primates and generation of antibodies in marmoset against human fsh after repeated superovulation cycles, point towards the possibility that fsh-fsh r ...201627282136
patterns on serpentine shapes elicit visual attention in marmosets (callithrix jacchus).given the prevalence of threatening snakes in the evolutionary history, and modern-day environments of human and nonhuman primates, sensory, and perceptual abilities that allow for quick detection of, and appropriate response to snakes are likely to have evolved. many studies have demonstrated that primates recognize snakes faster than other stimuli, and it is suggested that the unique serpentine shape is responsible for its quick detection. however, there are many nonthreatening serpentine shap ...201627225979
comprehensive panel of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies for analysis of different immune cells and their distribution in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).common marmosets are extensively used in immunological and pharmacological research, and the usage of methods such as flow cytometry gain increasing importance.201627221549
initial investigation of three selective and potent small molecule oxytocin receptor pet ligands in new world monkeys.the neuropeptide oxytocin is part of a neuroendocrine system that has physiological effects ranging from ensuring uterine myometrial contractions at parturition and post-partum mammary gland milk ejection to the modulation of neural control of social relationships. this initial study was performed to investigate the potential use of positron emission tomography (pet) for localizing oxytocin receptors in two new world primates. three biomarkers for pet (1-3) that are known to have high affinity a ...201627209233
morphology and staining behavior of neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are frequently used as translational animal models for human diseases. however, a comparative study of cytological and histochemical detection methods as well as morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of neutrophils and eosinophils in this species is lacking. blood samples of house dust mite sensitized and allergen challenged as well as lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenged marmosets were analyzed with different cytological and histological staining ...201627165445
blood pressure as prognostic marker for body condition, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).the increasing life span of callithrix jacchus in combination with the occurrence of metabolic and age-dependent diseases requires improved health surveillance for this species.201627144322
advanced mri and staging of multiple sclerosis lesions.over the past few decades, mri-based visualization of demyelinated cns lesions has become pivotal to the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (ms). in this review, we outline current efforts to correlate imaging findings with the pathology of lesion development in ms, and the pitfalls that are being encountered in this research. multimodal imaging at high and ultra-high magnetic field strengths is yielding biologically relevant insights into the pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier d ...201627125632
marmosets: a neuroscientific model of human social behavior.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has garnered interest recently as a powerful model for the future of neuroscience research. much of this excitement has centered on the species' reproductive biology and compatibility with gene editing techniques, which together have provided a path for transgenic marmosets to contribute to the study of disease as well as basic brain mechanisms. in step with technical advances is the need to establish experimental paradigms that optimally tap into the mar ...201627100195
towards a comprehensive atlas of cortical connections in a primate brain: mapping tracer injection studies of the common marmoset into a reference digital template.the marmoset is an emerging animal model for large-scale attempts to understand primate brain connectivity, but achieving this aim requires the development and validation of procedures for normalization and integration of results from many neuroanatomical experiments. here we describe a computational pipeline for coregistration of retrograde tracing data on connections of cortical areas into a 3d marmoset brain template, generated from nissl-stained sections. the procedure results in a series of ...201627099164
individual differences in metabolic clearance of s-warfarin efficiently mediated by polymorphic marmoset cytochrome p450 2c19 in livers.marmoset cytochrome p450 2c19, highly homologous to human p450 2c9 and 2c19, has been identified in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a nonhuman primate species used in drug metabolism studies. although genetic variants in human and macaque p450 2c genes account for the interindividual variability in drug metabolism, genetic variants have not been investigated in the marmoset p450 2c19 in this study, sequencing of p450 2c19 in 24 marmosets identified three variants p.[(phe7leu; ser254leu; i ...201627098744
rapid adaptation induces persistent biases in population codes for visual motion.each visual experience changes the neural response to subsequent stimuli. if the brain is unable to incorporate these encoding changes, the decoding, or perception, of subsequent stimuli is biased. although the phenomenon of adaptation pervades the nervous system, its effects have been studied mainly in isolation, based on neuronal encoding changes induced by an isolated, prolonged stimulus. to understand how adaptation-induced biases arise and persist under continuous, naturalistic stimulation, ...201627098699
overlapping expression of anion exchangers in the cochlea of a non-human primate suggests functional compensation.ion homeostasis in the inner ear is essential for proper hearing. anion exchangers are one of the transporters responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, but their expression profile in the primate cochlea has not been fully characterized. however, species-specific overlapping expression patterns and functional compensation in other organs, such as the kidney, pancreas and small intestine, have been reported. here, we determined the expression patterns of the anion exchangers slc26a4, slc26 ...201627091614
psycho-cognitive intervention for asd from cross-species behavioral analyses of infants, chicks and common marmosets.educational treatment to support social development of children with autism spectrum disorder (asd) is an important topic in developmental psychiatry. however, it remains difficult to objectively quantify the socio-emotional development of asd children. to address this problem, we developed a novel analytical method that assesses subjects' complex behaviors using multivariate analysis, 'behavior output analysis for quantitative emotional state translation' (bouquet). here, we examine the potenti ...201627071788
the common marmoset as an indispensable animal model for immunotherapy development in multiple sclerosis.new drugs often fail in the translation from the rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model to human multiple sclerosis (ms). here, we present the marmoset eae model as an indispensable model for translational research into ms. the genetic heterogeneity of this species and lifelong exposure to chronic latent infections and environmental pathogens create a human-like immune system. unique to this model is the presence of the pathological hallmark of progressive ms, in particular ...201627060373
the effect of anesthesia on blood pressure measured noninvasively by using the tail-cuff method in marmosets (callithrix jacchus).in this study, we evaluated the validity of measuring blood pressure (bp) noninvasively in marmosets by using the tail-cuff method. the number of measurements needed for a valid reading was calculated by plotting the average sd of 5 consecutive readings in 10 naïve marmosets; the sd for both systolic and diastolic bp readings plateaued after 4 readings. to evaluate how anesthesia (alphaxalone, 15 mg/kg im) affected bp in marmosets, we measured 4 animals every minute for 60 min after injection. t ...201627657716
marmoset serotonin 5-ht1a receptor mapping with a biased agonist pet probe 18f-f13714: comparison with an antagonist tracer 18f-mppf in awake and anesthetized states.in vivo mapping by positron emission tomography of the serotonin 1a receptors has been hindered by the lack of suitable agonist positron emission tomography probes. (18)f-labeled f13714 is a recently developed biased agonist positron emission tomography probe that preferentially targets subpopulations of serotonin 1a receptors in their "active state," but its brain labeling pattern in nonhuman primate has not been described. in addition, a potential confound in the translatability of pet data be ...201627608810
is angiostatin involved in physiological foveal avascularity?the primate central retina is characterized by an avascular fovea and well-defined perifoveal capillary plexus. neither blood vessels nor their accompanying astrocytes enter the fovea during any stage of retinal development; a balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors probably maintains foveal avascularity throughout life. the aim of this study was to identify potentially angiorepulsive factors involved in the development of the avascular primate retinal fovea.201627583825
effects of support diameter and compliance on common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) gait kinematics.locomotion is precarious in an arboreal habitat, where supports can vary in both diameter and level of compliance. several previous studies have evaluated the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of arboreal quadrupeds. the influence of substrate compliance, however, has been mostly unexamined. here, we used a multifactorial experimental design to investigate how perturbations in both diameter and compliance affect the gait kinematics of marmosets (callithrix jacchus; n=2 ...201627582562
an observational investigation of behavioral contagion in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): indications for contagious scent-marking.behavioral contagion is suggested to promote group coordination that may facilitate activity transitions, increased vigilance, and state matching. apart from contagious yawning, however, very little attention has been given to this phenomenon, and studies on contagious yawning in primates have so far only focused on old world monkeys and apes. here we studied behavioral contagion in common marmosets, a species for which group coordination and vigilance are paramount. in particular, we investigat ...201627563294
characterization of mammary epithelial stem/progenitor cells and their changes with aging in common marmosets.age is the number one risk factor for breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are unexplored. age-associated mammary stem cell (masc) dysfunction is thought to play an important role in breast cancer carcinogenesis. non-human primates with their close phylogenetic relationship to humans provide a powerful model system to study the effects of aging on human masc. in particular, the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) with a relatively short life span is an ideal model for aging resea ...201627558284
generation of transgenic marmosets expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators.chronic monitoring of neuronal activity in the living brain with optical imaging techniques became feasible owing to the continued development of genetically encoded calcium indicators (gecis). here we report for the first time the successful generation of transgenic marmosets (callithrix jacchus), an important nonhuman primate model in neurophysiological research, which were engineered to express the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based family of gecis, gcamp, under control of either the cmv o ...201627725685
molecular cloning of ghrelin and characteristics of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).ghrelin was first isolated from human and rat as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r). in the present study, we determined the ghrelin cdna sequence of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small-bodied new world monkey, and investigated the distribution of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract and localization profiles with somatostatin-producing cells. the marmoset ghrelin cdna coding region was 354 base pairs, and showed high homology ...201627715422
the middle-aged ovariectomized marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model of menopausal symptoms: preliminary evidence.menopausal women often suffer from hot flashes and sleep disturbances that significantly impact their quality of life. both human and animal studies suggest that loss of estrogens during menopause contribute to these symptoms. in the female rat, both core body temperature (cbt) and sleep are sensitive to 17β-estradiol (e2) levels, but important differences between the rat and the human patterns limit the interpretation of the results. the sleep and thermoregulation of the common marmoset (callit ...201627619737
in situ hybridization study of cyp2d mrna in the common marmoset brain.the common marmoset is a non-human primate that has increasingly employed in the biomedical research including the fields of neuroscience and behavioral studies. cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2d has been speculated to be involved in psycho-neurologic actions in the human brain. in the present study, to clarify the role of cyp2d in the marmoset brain, we investigated the expression patterns of cyp2d mrna in the brain using in situ hybridization (ish). in addition, to identify the gene location of cyp2d19 ...201627356856
frequency discrimination in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a highly vocal new world primate species that has emerged in recent years as a promising model system for studies of auditory and vocal processing. our recent studies have examined perceptual mechanisms related to the pitch of harmonic complex tones in this species. however, no previous psychoacoustic work has measured marmosets' frequency discrimination abilities for pure tones across a broad frequency range. here we systematically examined frequency ...201627498400
de novo methylation in male germ cells of the common marmoset monkey occurs during postnatal development and is maintained in vitro.the timing of de novo dna methylation in male germ cells during human testicular development is yet unsolved. apart from that, the stability of established imprinting patterns in vitro is controversially discussed. this study aimed at determining the timing of dna de novo methylation and at assessing the stability of the methylation status in vitro. we employed the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) as it is considered the best non-human primate model for human testicular development. we selec ...201627786608
chronic multiscale imaging of neuronal activity in the awake common marmoset.we report a methodology to chronically record in vivo brain activity in the awake common marmoset. over a month, stable imaging revealed macroscopic sensory maps in the somatosensory cortex and their underlying cellular activity with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the awake but not anesthetized state. this methodology is applicable to other brain regions, and will be useful for studying cortical activity and plasticity in marmosets during learning, development, and in neurological disorders.201627786241
brain/minds: a japanese national brain project for marmoset neuroscience.brain/minds (brain mapping by integrated neurotechnologies for disease studies) is a national brain project started by japan in 2014. with the goal of developing the common marmoset as a model animal for neuroscience, the project aims to build a multiscale marmoset brain map, develop new technologies for experimentalists, create transgenic lines for brain disease modeling, and integrate translational findings from the clinical biomarker landscape. brain/minds will collaborate with global brain p ...201627809998
distinct neural activities in premotor cortex during natural vocal behaviors in a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).although evidence from human studies has long indicated the crucial role of the frontal cortex in speech production, it has remained uncertain whether the frontal cortex in nonhuman primates plays a similar role in vocal communication. previous studies of prefrontal and premotor cortices of macaque monkeys have found neural signals associated with cue- and reward-conditioned vocal production, but not with self-initiated or spontaneous vocalizations (coudé et al., 2011; hage and nieder, 2013), wh ...201627903726
characterization of two distinct early post-entry blocks to hiv-1 in common marmoset lymphocytes.in nature, primate lentiviruses infect humans and several old world monkeys and apes. however, to date, lentiviruses infecting new world monkeys have not been described. we studied the susceptibility of common marmoset cells to hiv-1 infection and observed the presence of post-entry blocks to the early phase of hiv-1 infection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) and a b lymphocytic cell line (b-lcl). the blocks present in these cells are dominant and phenotypically different from each other. ...201627876849
strong induction of cytochrome p450 1a/3a, but not p450 2b, in cultured hepatocytes from common marmosets and cynomolgus monkeys by typical human p450 inducing agents.common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) are used as non-human primate models in preclinical studies for drug development.201627842484
centromere repositioning explains fundamental number variability in the new world monkey genus saimiri.cytogenetics has historically played a key role in research on squirrel monkey (genus saimiri) evolutionary biology. squirrel monkeys have a diploid number of 2n = 44, but vary in fundamental number (fn). apparently, differences in fn have phylogenetic implications and are correlated with geographic regions. a number of hypothetical mechanisms were proposed to explain difference in fn: translocations, heterochromatin, or, most commonly, pericentric inversions. recently, an additional mechanism, ...201627834006
survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset.in primate retina, the midget, parasol, and small bistratified cell populations form the large majority of ganglion cells. in addition, there is a variety of low-density wide-field ganglion cell types that are less well characterized. here we studied retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, using particle-mediated gene transfer. ganglion cells were transfected with an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95-green fluorescent protein. the retinas were processe ...201627997691
dynamic regulation of hypothalamic dmxl2, kiss1, and rfrp expression during postnatal development in non-human primates.the neurobiological mechanism of puberty onset in primates is currently only partly understood. a recent study reported an important role of dmx-like 2 (dmxl2), a gene encoding rabconnectin-3α vesicular protein, in human subjects with mental retardation and neuroendocrine impairment of reproduction. to further characterize the potential role of dmxl2 in the regulation of reproduction, we analyzed the expression of dmxl2 in hypothalami of newborn, infantile, juvenile, pubertal, and postpubertal f ...201627957681
tranexamic acid and supportive measures to treat wasting marmoset syndrome.wasting marmoset syndrome (wms) has high incidence and mortality rates and is one of the most important problems in captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) colonies. despite several reports on wms, little information is available regarding its reliable treatment. we previously reported that marmosets with wms had high serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9). mmp9 is thought to be a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, the main disease state of wms, and is ...201628304250
evidence of tau hyperphosphorylation and dystrophic microglia in the common marmoset.common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have recently gained popularity in biomedical research as models of aging research. basically, they confer advantages from other non-human primates due to their shorter lifespan with onset of appearance of aging at 8 years. old marmosets present some markers linked to neurodegeneration in the brain such as amyloid beta (aβ)1-42 and aβ1-40. however, there are no studies exploring other cellular markers associated with neurodegenerative diseases in this non-hu ...201628066237
antisera against neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-react with specific brain proteins of the common marmoset monkey and other nonhuman primate species.prenatal maternal infections with neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) correlate with an increased lifetime probability for the offspring to develop psychosis. we could previously demonstrate that in human choroid plexus papilloma cells, anti-ng antibodies (α-ng) bind to mitochondrial proteins hsp60 and atpb, and interfere with cellular energy metabolism. to assess the in vivo relevance for this, especially during prenatal neural development, we investigated here interactions of ng-specific antisera (α-ng ...201627765579
very low doses of mycobacterium tuberculosis yield diverse host outcomes in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).identifying and refining small-animal models of tuberculosis that recapitulate aspects of human mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can contribute to advancing our understanding of critical facets of the disease. to study the effects of very low-dose infections with 2 strains of m. tuberculosis on disease progression and survival in common marmosets, animals were challenged with strains erdman and cdc1551 at doses ranging from 1 to 12 cfu. these data revealed that the susceptibility of marmoset ...201627780009
local ecological knowledge about endangered primates in a rural community in paraíba, brazil.the study of local ecological knowledge (lek) fosters a better understanding of the relationship between humans and the environment. we assessed respondents' ecological knowledge of primates in a rural community located near the atlantic forest remnants in the state of paraíba, brazil. populations of alouatta belzebul (red-handed howler monkeys), sapajus flavius (blonde capuchins), and callithrix jacchus (the common marmoset) inhabit the region. we conducted 200 semi-structured interviews and ap ...201627866209
sperm morphology assessment in captive neotropical primates.the main objective of this study was to evaluate sperm morphology in four neotropical primate species to compare the sperm morphological traits and the sperm morphometric parameters as a basis for establishing normative sperm standards for each species. data from 80 ejaculates collected from four primate species, callithrix jacchus, callimico goeldii, alouatta caraya and ateles geoffroyi, were analysed for detection of sperm morphological alterations using subjective world health organization (w ...201627260333
xeno-free cryopreservation of bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells from callithrix jacchus.in the previous decade, numerous biobanks were established and have created large markets for the storage of bioactive compounds, cells, and tissues for medical and diagnostic applications. for in vivo clinical and therapeutic purposes, it is critical to use well-defined and xeno-free components during cultivation, preservation, and transplantation of biological material. safe and efficacious storage of bioactive molecules, cells, and tissues, without the addition of undefined medium components, ...201627603179
induction of humoural and cellular immunity by immunisation with hcv particle vaccine in a non-human primate model.although hcv is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, there is currently no prophylactic vaccine for this virus. thus, the development of an hcv vaccine that can induce both humoural and cellular immunity is urgently needed. to create an effective hcv vaccine, we evaluated neutralising antibody induction and cellular immune responses following the immunisation of a non-human primate model with cell culture-generated hcv (hcvcc).201627797937
acute liver damage associated with innate immune activation in a small nonhuman primate model of hepacivirus infection.despite its importance in shaping adaptive immune responses, viral clearance, and immune-based inflammation, tissue-specific innate immunity remains poorly characterized for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection due to the lack of access to acutely infected tissues. in this study, we evaluated the impact of natural killer (nk) cells and myeloid (mdcs) and plasmacytoid (pdcs) dendritic cells on control of virus replication and virus-induced pathology caused by another, more rapidly resolving hepacivi ...201627489267
infection of common marmosets with gb virus b chimeric virus encoding the major nonstructural proteins ns2 to ns4a of hepatitis c virus.a lack of immunocompetent-small-primate models has been an obstacle for developing hepatitis c virus (hcv) vaccines and affordable antiviral drugs. in this study, hcv/gb virus b (gbv-b) chimeric virus carrying the major nonstructural proteins ns2 to ns4a (hcv ns2 to -4a chimera) was produced and used to infect common marmosets, since hcv ns2 to ns4a proteins are critical proteases and major antigens. seven marmosets were inoculated intrahepatically with hcv ns2 to -4a chimera rna for primary inf ...201627384651
simulation of viral hepatitis e in marmosets.we developed a model of hepatitis e virus infection in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and determined optimal route of infection, duration, clinical and virological characteristics of infection in laboratory animals. using this model, we demonstrated that replication of hepatitis e virus primarily occurs in the liver, while virus replication presumed to take place in the intestine was not confirmed in this experiment.201626750931
survey and experimental infection of enteropathogenic escherichia coli in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are frequently used for biomedical research but can be afflicted with diarrhea-a serious and potentially lethal health problem. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is thought to be the causative pathogen of hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in common marmosets, but the actual incidence of the disease and the relationship between epec and hematochezia are unknown. this study investigated the prevalence of epec infection in common marmosets and the association be ...201627501144
marmoset cytochrome p450 4a11, a novel arachidonic acid and lauric acid ω-hydroxylase expressed in liver and kidney tissues.1. a cdna encoding novel cytochrome p450 (p450) 4a enzyme was cloned from marmoset livers by reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the marmoset genome sequences. the amino acid sequence deduced from p450 4a11 cdna contained consensus sequences of six substrate recognition sites and one heme-binding domain. 2. marmoset p450 4a11, highly identical (85-88%) to cynomolgus monkey and human p450 4a enzymes, was grouped into the same cluster as cynomolgus monkey and human ...201627435360
a new marmoset p450 4f12 enzyme expressed in small intestines and livers efficiently metabolizes antihistaminic drug ebastine.common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are attracting attention as animal models in preclinical studies for drug development. however, cytochrome p450s (p450s), major drug-metabolizing enzymes, have not been fully identified and characterized in marmosets. in this study, based on the four novel p450 4f genes found on the marmoset genome, we successfully isolated p450 4f2, 4f3b, 4f11, and 4f12 cdnas in marmoset livers. deduced amino acid sequences of the four marmoset p450 4f forms exhibited high ...201627044800
marmoset cytochrome p450 2j2 mainly expressed in small intestines and livers effectively metabolizes human p450 2j2 probe substrates, astemizole and terfenadine.1. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world monkey, has potential to be a useful animal model in preclinical studies. however, drug metabolizing properties have not been fully understood due to insufficient information on cytochrome p450 (p450), major drug metabolizing enzymes. 2. marmoset p450 2j2 cdna was isolated from marmoset livers. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high-sequence identity (91%) with cynomolgus monkey and human p450 2j2 enzymes. a phylogenetic tree revealed t ...201626899760
molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and functional characterization of marmoset cytochrome p450 1a1, 1a2, and 1b1.the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world monkey, has potential to be an animal model for drug metabolism studies. in this study, we identified and characterized cytochrome p450 (p450) 1a1 and 1b1 in addition to the known p450 1a2 in marmosets. marmoset p450 1a1 and 1b1 cdna contained open reading frames encoding 512 and 543 amino acids, respectively, with high sequence identities (90%-93%) to other primate p450 1a1s and 1b1s. a phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences showed ...201626502772
a case of nontraumatic gas gangrene in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).the common marmoset is widely used in neuroscience and regenerative medicine research. however, information concerning common marmoset disorders, particularly infectious diseases, is scarce. here, we report a case of a female common marmoset that died suddenly due to gas gangrene. the animal presented with gaseous abdominal distention at postmortem, and clostridium perfringens type a was isolated from several tissues. vacuoles, a gram-positive bacteremia and intravascular hemolysis were observed ...201626156080
[detection of neutralizing antibody to human adenovirus type 5 in marmosets].to construct a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) expressing luciferase and gfp reporter gene and detect neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus type 5 in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to provide basic laboratory data for evaluating adenovirus vaccines.201627113192
dental development in the cotton ear marmoset (callithrix jacchus). 20164988192
complex pitch perception mechanisms are shared by humans and a new world monkey.the perception of the pitch of harmonic complex sounds is a crucial function of human audition, especially in music and speech processing. whether the underlying mechanisms of pitch perception are unique to humans, however, is unknown. based on estimates of frequency resolution at the level of the auditory periphery, psychoacoustic studies in humans have revealed several primary features of central pitch mechanisms. it has been shown that (i) pitch strength of a harmonic tone is dominated by res ...201626712015
bifidobacterium myosotis sp. nov., bifidobacterium tissieri sp. nov. and bifidobacterium hapali sp. nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus l.).in a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in new world monkeys, six strains belonging to the bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus l.). all the isolates were gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, asporogenous and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus bifidobacterium, and placed the ...201626515885
neurobehavioral development of common marmoset monkeys.common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys are a resource for biomedical research and their use is predicted to increase due to the suitability of this species for transgenic approaches. identification of abnormal neurodevelopment due to genetic modification relies upon the comparison with validated patterns of normal behavior defined by unbiased methods. as scientists unfamiliar with nonhuman primate development are interested to apply genomic editing techniques in marmosets, it would be bene ...201626502294
expression and distribution of peroxiredoxins in the retina and optic nerve.oxidative stress is implicated in various pathological conditions of the retina and optic nerve. peroxiredoxins (prdxs) comprise a recently characterized family of antioxidant enzymes. to date, little information exists regarding the distribution of prdxs in the eye. herein, we employed a combination of qrt-pcr, immunohistochemistry and western blotting to determine the level of expression and distribution of the six prdx isoforms in the retina and optic nerve of the rat. in addition, we perform ...201626501408
hormonal stimulation and paternal experience influence responsiveness to infant distress vocalizations by adult male common marmosets, callithrix jacchus.parental experience and hormones play a large role in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) father's care of their offspring. we tested the effect of exogenous estradiol or testosterone on the responsiveness of common marmosets to respond to infant distress vocalizations and whether males who haven't become fathers yet (paired males) would have increased responsiveness to infant distress calls with either steroid or whether parental experience is the most important component for the onset of ...201626497409
sustained performance by common marmosets in a delayed matching to position task with variable stimulus presentations.working memory is used to solve various cognitive problems by maintaining information for some time and then by refreshing this information after certain purposes are achieved. in the present study, we explored the ability of common marmosets to perform a delayed matching to position (dmtp) task in a controlled environment using operant conditioning. the dmtp task requires the subjects to respond to the sample stimulus and to select one of two comparison stimuli with a position matching that of ...201626475508
blockade of cd127 exerts a dichotomous clinical effect in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.non-human primate models of human disease have an important role in the translation of a new scientific finding in lower species into an effective treatment. in this study, we tested a new therapeutic antibody against the il-7 receptor α chain (cd127), which in a c57bl/6 mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) ameliorates disease, demonstrating an important pathogenic function of il-7. we observed that while the treatment was effective in 100 % of the mice, it was only par ...201626260924
a new targeted model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset.multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common cause for sustained disability in young adults, yet treatment options remain very limited. although numerous therapeutic approaches have been effective in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), only few proved to be beneficial in patients with ms. hence, there is a strong need for more predictive animal models. within the past decade, eae in the common marmoset evolved as a potent, alternative model for ms, with immunological ...201626207848
more effective induction of anesthesia using midazolam-butorphanol-ketamine-sevoflurane compared with ketamine-sevoflurane in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).the common marmoset has been increasingly used for research in the biomedical field; however, there is little information available regarding effective methods of anesthesia in this species. this study retrospectively analyzed 2 regimens of anesthesia induction: intramuscular injection of ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane, and intramuscular injection of midazolam, butorphanol and ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane. anesthetic depth did not reach the surgical anesth ...201626369292
the temporal profile of retinal cell genesis in the marmoset monkey.the new world marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) has a relatively short gestational period compared with other primates but possesses a retina at a similar stage of maturation by birth. previous studies have highlighted that the complex fovea of the marmoset undergoes a more rapid postnatal development in comparison with the macaca monkey, reaching a mature stage earlier than these species. in this current study, we examined the prenatal proliferation profile of cells in the entire retina empl ...201626355791
the complete mitochondrial genome of white-tufted-ear marmoset, callithrix jacchus (primates: callitrichinae).the white-tufted-ear marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate that inhabits the coastal rainforests of eastern brazil. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of white-tufted-ear marmoset for the first time. the total length of this mitogenome is 16,499 bp long, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and 1 non-coding region (d-loop region). the gene organization and arrangement is identical to typical verteb ...201625329280
simultaneous pharmacokinetics evaluation of human cytochrome p450 probes, caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam, in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).1. pharmacokinetics of human cytochrome p450 probes (caffeine, racemic warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam) composite, after single intravenous and oral administrations at doses of 0.20 and 1.0 mg kg(-1), respectively, to four male common marmosets were investigated. 2. the plasma concentrations of caffeine and warfarin decreased slowly in a monophasic manner but those of omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam decreased extensively after intravenous and oral administrations, in a manner ...201626114209
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in marmosets.experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset, a small-bodied neotropical primate, is a well-known and validated animal model for multiple sclerosis (ms). this model can be used for exploratory research, i.e., investigating the pathogenic mechanisms involved in ms, and applied research, testing the efficacy of new potential drugs.in this chapter, we will describe a method to induce eae in the marmoset. in addition, we will explain the most common immunological techniques ...201625208751
use of nonhuman primates for the development of bioengineered female reproductive organs.nonhuman primates (nhps) have been widely used in reproductive biology, neuroscience, and drug development since a number of primate species are phylogenetically close to humans. in this review, we summarize the use of nhps for nonclinical application in the reproductive system disorders including the loss or failure of an organ or tissue. causes of infertility include congenital aplasia and acquired disorders of the reproductive organs. in addition, anti-cancer treatments can deplete ovarian fo ...201630603414
[advances in the animal models of mers-cov].the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was first isolated in 2012 from patients that died from severe pneumonia. it was another coronavirus which resulted in severe infection of humans, apart from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. the development of an appropriate animal model is necessary to study the pathogenesis and to evaluate the intervening measures against mers-cov infection. to date, several small animals(e.g., mice, syrian hamsters, and ferrets) hav ...201629963837
behavior, pet and histology in novel regimen of mptp marmoset model of parkinson's disease for long-term stem cell therapy.stem cell technologies are particularly attractive in parkinson's disease (pd) research although they occasionally need long-term treatment for anti-parkinsonian activity. unfortunately, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) widely used as a model for pd has several limitations, including the risk of dose-dependent mortality and the difficulty of maintenance of pd symptoms during the whole experiment period. therefore, we tested if our novel mptp regimen protocol (2 mg/kg for 2 con ...201630603390
oxidation of r- and s-omeprazole stereoselectively mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome p450 2c19 enzymes from cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets.racemic omeprazole has been used for clinically treating gastric acid-related diseases and also as a typical human cytochrome p450 (p450) 2c19 probe substrate in preclinical studies. s-omeprazole has been developed as a single enantiomer medicine, which has been reported not to be associated with polymorphic human p450 2c19 phenotypes. in this study, 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation activities, with respect to stereoselective r- and s-omeprazole oxidations by liver microsomes from experimental ...201627641812
mers coronavirus induces apoptosis in kidney and lung by upregulating smad7 and fgf2.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes sporadic zoonotic disease and healthcare-associated outbreaks in human. mers is often complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and multi-organ failure(1,2). the high incidence of renal failure in mers is a unique clinical feature not often found in other human coronavirus infections(3,4). whether mers-cov infects the kidney and how it triggers renal failure are not understood(5,6). here, we demonstrated renal infecti ...201627572168
a comparative review of animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was initially isolated from a saudi arabian man with fatal pneumonia. since the original case in 2012, mers-cov infections have been reported in >1500 humans, and the case fatality rate is currently 35%. this lineage c betacoronavirus has been reported to cause a wide range of disease severity in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to progressive fatal pneumonia that may be accompanied by renal or multiorgan failure. although the clinical pre ...201626869154
middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus efficiently infects human primary t lymphocytes and activates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is associated with a mortality rate of >35%. we previously showed that mers coronavirus (mers-cov) could infect human macrophages and dendritic cells and induce cytokine dysregulation. here, we further investigated the interplay between human primary t cells and mers-cov in disease pathogenesis. importantly, our results suggested that mers-cov efficiently infected t cells from the peripheral blood and from human lymphoid organs, including the spleen and th ...201626203058
a sexually dimorphic area of the dorsal hypothalamus in mice and common marmosets.we found a novel sexually dimorphic area (sda) in the dorsal hypothalamus (dh) of mice. the sda-dh was sandwiched between 2 known male-biased sexually dimorphic nuclei, the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the calbindin-sexually dimorphic nucleus, and exhibited a female-biased sex difference in neuronal cell density. the density of neurons in the sda-dh was increased in male mice by orchidectomy on the day of birth and decreased in female mice by treatment with te ...201627726418
oral r-(-)-11-o-valeryl-n-n-propylnoraporphine reverses motor deficits in mptp-treated marmosets.the d1/d2 dopamine agonist apomorphine has poor oral bioavailability, necessitating subcutaneous administration in the treatment of parkinson's disease (pd). acute subcutaneous injection is used as rescue therapy from "off" periods, whereas continuous subcutaneous infusion is used to increase "on" periods and to reduce dyskinesia when oral treatment fails. an orally active derivative of apomorphine would avoid the need for parenteral administration. we now describe the effects of the orally acti ...201627133947
edaravone is a free radical scavenger that protects against laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and common marmosets.choroidal neovascularization (cnv) is a main characteristic in exudative type of age-related macular degeneration (amd). our study aimed to evaluate the effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger on laser-induced cnv. cnv was induced by laser photocoagulation to the subretinal choroidal area of mice and common marmosets. edaravone was administered either intraperitoneally twice a day for 2 weeks or intravenously just once after laser photocoagulation. the effects of edaravone on laser-induce ...201627018216
human plasma concentrations of cytochrome p450 probe cocktails extrapolated from pharmacokinetics in mice transplanted with human hepatocytes and from pharmacokinetics in common marmosets using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.1. the pharmacokinetic data of cytochrome p450 probes in humans can be extrapolated from corresponding data in cynomolgus monkeys, dogs and minipigs using simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (pbpk) modeling. in this study, the modeling methodology was further adapted to estimate human plasma concentrations of p450 probes based on data from mice transplanted with human hepatocytes or based on data from marmosets. 2. using known species allometric scaling factors, the observed plasma ...201626916082
[distribution of pas-positive substances and of alkaline phosphomonoesterases in the tissues of the "sagui" (callithrix jacchus)]. 201614474409
flibanserin-stimulated partner grooming reflects brain metabolism changes in female marmosets.female sexual interest and arousal disorder is personally distressing for women. to better understand the mechanism of the candidate therapeutic, flibanserin, we determined its effects on an index of brain glucose metabolism.201526635207
mismatch negativity in common marmosets: whole-cortical recordings with multi-channel electrocorticograms.mismatch negativity (mmn) is a component of event-related potentials (erps) evoked by violations of regularity in sensory stimulus-series in humans. recently, the mmn has received attention as a clinical and translatable biomarker of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, and for the development animal models of these psychiatric disorders. in this study, we investigated the generation of mmn in common marmosets, which are an important non-human primate model with genetic manipulability. w ...201526456147
behavioral and neurophysiological effects of ro 10-5824, a dopamine d4 receptor partial agonist, in common marmosets.growing evidence suggests that dopamine d4 receptors (d4rs) are involved in controlling executive functions. we have previously demonstrated that ro 10-5824, a d4r partial agonist, improves the performance of common marmosets in the object retrieval detour (ord) task. however, the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement are unknown.201526041337
opposite effects of male and female helpers on social tolerance and proactive prosociality in callitrichid family groups.across a broad variety of primate species (including lemurs, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and apes), proactive prosociality and social tolerance are linked to allomaternal care, reaching the highest levels in the cooperatively breeding callitrichid monkeys and humans. however, considerable variation exists within callitrichids, and the aim of this study was to identify factors that explain this variation. male and female callitrichids pursue different reproductive strategies, leading ma ...201525881136
individual variability in visual discrimination and reversal learning performance in common marmosets.detailed information about the characteristics of learning behavior in marmosets is useful for future marmoset research. we trained 42 marmosets in visual discrimination and reversal learning. all marmosets could learn visual discrimination, and all but one could complete reversal learning, though some marmosets failed to touch the visual stimuli and were screened out. in 87% of measurements, the final percentage of correct responses was over 95%. we quantified performance with two measures: ons ...201525315397
intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to mers-cov jordan-n3/2012 or mers-cov emc/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continues to be a threat to human health in the middle east. development of countermeasures is ongoing; however, an animal model that faithfully recapitulates human disease has yet to be defined. a recent study indicated that inoculation of common marmosets resulted in inconsistent lethality. based on these data we sought to compare two isolates of mers-cov. we followed disease progression in common marmosets after intratracheal exposure wi ...201526342468
increased meningeal t and plasma cell infiltration is associated with early subpial cortical demyelination in common marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.subpial cortical demyelination (scd) accounts for the greatest proportion of demyelinated cortex in multiple sclerosis (ms). scd is already found in biopsy cases with early ms and in marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), but the pathogenesis of scd is not well understood. the objective of this study was to investigate whether and, if so, which meningeal inflammatory cells were associated with early scd in marmosets with eae. immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze ...201525041171
potential of a smartphone as a stress-free sensor of daily human behaviour.behaviour is one of the most powerful objective signals that connotes psychological functions regulated by neuronal network systems. this study searched for simple behaviours using smartphone sensors with three axes for measuring acceleration, angular speed and direction. we used quantitative analytic methodology of pattern recognition for work contexts, individual workers and seasonal effects in our own longitudinally recorded data. our 13 laboratory members were involved in the care of common ...201524933187
non-human primate and rodent embryonic stem cells are differentially sensitive to embryotoxic compounds.many industrial chemicals and their respective by-products need to be comprehensively evaluated for toxicity using reliable and efficient assays. in terms of teratogenicity evaluations, the murine-based embryonic stem cell test (est) offers a promising solution to screen for multiple tissue endpoints. however, use of a mouse model in the est can yield only a limited understanding of human development, anatomy, and physiology. non-human primate or humanin vitromodels have been suggested to be a p ...201528962348
aquaporin 4-dependent expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and tenascin-c in activated astrocytes in stab wound mouse brain and in primary culture.we previously reported that aquaporin 4 (aqp4) has a neuroimmunological function via astrocytes and microglial cells involving osteopontin. aqp4 is a water channel localized in the endofoot of astrocytes in the brain, and its expression is upregulated after a stab wound to the mouse brain or the injection of methylmercury in common marmosets. in this study, the correlation between the expression of aqp4 and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) or tenascin-c (tn-c) in reactive ...201525174305
brain-mapping projects using the common marmoset.globally, there is an increasing interest in brain-mapping projects, including the brain research through advancing innovative neurotechnologies (brain) initiative project in the usa, the human brain project (hbp) in europe, and the brain mapping by integrated neurotechnologies for disease studies (brain/minds) project in japan. these projects aim to map the structure and function of neuronal circuits to ultimately understand the vast complexity of the human brain. brain/minds is focused on stru ...201525264372
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