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effectiveness of fisk, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes, to perform risk identification assessments in the iberian peninsula.risk assessments are crucial for identifying and mitigating impacts from biological invasions. the fish invasiveness scoring kit (fisk) is a risk identification (screening) tool for freshwater fishes consisting of two subject areas: biogeography/history and biology/ecology. according to the outcomes, species can be classified under particular risk categories. the aim of this study was to apply fisk to the iberian peninsula, a mediterranean climate region highly important for freshwater fish cons ...201323614530
exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (carassius auratus).the thyroid hormones (ths) 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) exert a wide range of biological effects on physiological processes of fish. to elucidate the thyroid disruption effects of monocrotophos (mcp), an organophosphate pesticide, on male goldfish (carassius auratus), thyroid follicle histology, plasma total t3 (tt3), total t4 (tt4), free t3 (ft3) and free t4 levels, and the mrna expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (hpt axis) were exa ...201323948368
comparative antioxidant responses in liver of carassius auratus exposed to phthalates: an integrated biomarker approach.phthalates (paes) are chemical agents typically used as plasticizers in numerous industrial products. they have become ubiquitous contaminants due to their tendency to release into the environment. the present study was conducted to investigate the comparative antioxidant responses in liver of freshwater goldfish carassius auratus injected intraperitoneally with 17 different paes at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for 10 days. the results indicated that these paes can adversely affect the antioxidan ...201323938764
effect of cooking temperatures on protein hydrolysates and sensory quality in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup.cooking methods have a significant impact on flavour compounds in fish soup. the effects of cooking temperatures (55, 65, 75, 85, 95, and 100 °c) on sensory properties and protein hydrolysates were studied in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup. the results showed that the soup prepared at 85 °c had the best sensory quality in color, flavour, amour, and soup pattern. cooking temperature had significant influence on the hydrolysis of proteins in the soup showed by sds-page result. the contents ...201324425950
serotonin directly stimulates cortisol secretion from the interrenals in goldfish.while serotonin (5-ht) can stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal stress axis in fish, the specific site(s) of 5-ht action are poorly understood. in this study, goldfish (carassius auratus) were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or the 5-ht1a/7 receptor agonist 8-oh-dpat at a dose of 100 or 400 μg/kg body weight and sampled 1.5 and 8 h post-injection. relative to unhandled controls, the saline and 100 μg/kg 8-oh-dpat treatments elicited similar transient 5- to 7-fold increas ...201324013027
the cytogenetic effects of acrylamide on carassius auratus periperial blood cells.the cytogenetic effects of acrylamide on golden fish carassius auratus peripheral blood cells were investigated in vivo. the fish were exposed to 5, 10, and 20 mg/l acrylamide in water for 96 h. following exposure, peripheral blood samples were obtained to assay for nuclear anomalies and dna damage. acrylamide induced micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies including binuclei, nucleoplasm-bridged nuclei, and nuclear buds. the frequencies of these nuclear anomalies were significantly higher after ...201324007743
molecular characterization and expression analysis of three membrane-bound complement regulatory protein isoforms in the ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii.regulators of complement activation (rca) play a role in protecting cells from excessive complement activation in humans. cdna corresponding to three isoforms of teleost membrane-bound rca protein (gtecrem) have been identified in the ginbuna crucian carp. gtecrem-1 consists of seven short consensus repeats (scrs), whereas gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 have four scrs. while gtecrem-1 possesses a tyrosine phosphorylation site in its cytoplasmic region, gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 lack the site. tissue dist ...201323954695
sexual bipotentiality of behavior in male and female goldfish.it is known that in goldfish carassius auratus, a non-sex changing fish, prostaglandin (pg) treatment can induce female-typical sex behavior in males, and androgen treatment can induce male-typical sex behavior in females. these facts suggest that goldfish have a sexually bipotential brain even after attaining sexual maturity unlike mammals which have sexually differentiated brain. in the present study, in order to further characterize the brain function of goldfish, whether hormonal treatments ...201322974510
uranium activity ratio in water and fish from pit lakes in kurday, kazakhstan and taboshar, tajikistan.kurday in kazhakstan and taboshar in tajikistan were u mining sites operated during the 1950s and 1960s as part of the ussr nuclear weapon program. today, they represent sources of potential u contamination of the environment. within both mining sites, open pits from which u ore was extracted have been filled with water due to ground water inflow and precipitation. these artificial pit lakes contain fish consumed occasionally by the local people, and wild and domestic animals are using the water ...201322739115
the effects of amphetamine injections on feeding behavior and the brain expression of orexin, cart, tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) in goldfish (carassius auratus).in this study, the effects of peripheral (intraperitoneal) injections of d-amphetamine on feeding behavior were assessed in goldfish. compared with the saline-injected group, amphetamine injections decreased food intake at doses ranging from 1 to 75 μg/g, but not 0.5 μg/g, but increased locomotor behavior, as indicated by the increased number of total feeding and non-feeding acts, at doses ranging from 2.5 to 25 μg/g. amphetamine at high doses inhibited both food intake (at 25, 50 and 75 μg/g) a ...201323229307
sperm from pheromone primed brown trout (salmo trutta l.) produce more larvae.male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to female hormonal pheromones express increased milt volumes and their sperm fertilize more eggs than sperm from unprimed males. ovulated salmonid females also release odours that increase volumes of strippable milt in males. it is, however, not known if the priming pheromones affect the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs in salmonids. in this study, we compare the proportion of larvae produced from in vitro fertilization tests between primed brown trout ...201322976196
'who's who' in renal sphaerosporids (bivalvulida: myxozoa) from common carp, prussian carp and goldfish--molecular identification of cryptic species, blood stages and new members of sphaerospora sensu stricto.myxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. sphaerospora dykovae (previously s. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (sbi) in juvenile cyprinus carpio carpio, in central europe. a morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, s. angulata has been described from c. c. carpio, carassius auratus auratus and carassius gibelio. to clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identif ...201322917178
bilateral efferents from nucleus isthmi to the optic tectum in goldfish (carassius auratus) are spatially restricted.the projection from nucleus isthmi (ni) to the optic tectum (ot) was investigated in the goldfish, carassius auratus, by retrograde transport of biocytin applied at various sites in a tectal lobe. in previous studies, this projection is described as predominantly from the ipsilateral ni and maps topographically along the approximate rostrocaudal axis of both brain areas. however, the rostromedial tectal lobe, the tectal region representing the binocular visual field, receives afferents from both ...201323178473
identification of anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.previous studies have suggested that anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells induced by infection with a sublethal dose of crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) correspond to mammalian cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls), because the mrna expression patterns of the effector cells are similar to those of mammalian ctls. to further characterize the effector population in cell-mediated cytotoxic (cmc) activity, we isolated the effector cells using an anti-cd8α monoclonal antibody, a density gradi ...201323178409
differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts.we examined the acute physiological responses to high environmental ammonia (hea), particularly the linkages between branchial ammonia fluxes and unidirectional na(+) fluxes, as well as urea excretion, cortisol, and indicators of gill permeability in three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia; the highly sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly resistant cyprinid carassius auratus ( ...201323143040
evidences for the regulation of gnrh and gth expression by gnih in the goldfish, carassius auratus.gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) plays an important role in regulating of reproduction in teleosts. to clarify the mode of action of gnih on the synthesis of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and gonadotrophin (gth), three gnihr cdnas were cloned from the goldfish brain. in situ hybridization results showed that gnihrs were localized to the hypothalamus and pituitary. in the hypothalamus, gnihrs were found in the npp, npo and nlt, whereas sgnrh neurons were reported to be located, and ...201323201092
assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch).in this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch) were assessed.201322903651
effect of cyanobacteria on immune function of crucian carp (carassius auratus) via chronic exposure in diet.cyanobacterial blooms caused by water eutrophication have become a worldwide problem. microcystins (mcs) released during cyanobacterial blooms exert toxicity on fish. up to now, immunotoxicity of mcs on fish has been rarely reported. the present study investigated immune response of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to cyanobacteria via chronic exposure in diet. fish were fed with diets containing 20% (low dose group) and 40% (high dose group) of cyanobacteria lyophilized powder. after exposure o ...201323063483
bis(o-methylserotonin)-containing iridium(iii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes as new cellular imaging dyes: synthesis, applications, and photophysical and computational studies.we report the synthesis, characterization, and scope of a new versatile emissive molecular probe functionalized with a 1,10-phenanthroline moiety containing methylserotonin groups as binding sites for metal ion recognition. the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the in vitro imaging capability of the iridium(iii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes [ir(ppy)2(n-n)](+) and [ru(bpy)2(n-n)](2+), in which ppy is 2-phenylpyridine, bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, and n-n is a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand fun ...201323793143
dna methylation analysis of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).hybridization and polyploidization may lead to divergence in adaptation and boost speciation in angiosperms and some lower animals. epigenetic change plays a significant role in the formation and adaptation of polyploidy. studies of the effects of methylation on genomic recombination and gene expression in allopolyploid plants have achieved good progress. however, relevant advances in polyploid animals have been relatively slower. in the present study, we used the bisexual, fertile, genetically ...201323457564
optimal foraging of little egrets and their prey in a foraging game in a patchy environment.we explored the behavioral game between a predator, the little egret (egretta garzetta), and a prey, the common goldfish (carassius auratus), in a laboratory theater containing three fish pools. we tested the hypotheses that the egrets maximize their total capture success by responding to the fish's antipredatory behavior and that the behaviors of both players respond adaptively to the density distribution of fish among the pools. one experiment presented egrets with 15 fish per pool. the second ...201323448887
effects of taurine on cadmium exposure in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of carassius auratus.this study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. for this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 0 mg/l of taurine (group i), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (group ii), 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 40 mg/l of taurine (group iii), and 0.3 mg/l of cadmium and 80 mg/l of taurine (group iv). the results were as follows: the cadmium concentr ...201323423777
feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, carassius auratus and common carp, cyprinus carpio.feeding and swimming can influence ion balance in fish. therefore we investigated their impact on ionoregulation and its hormonal control in goldfish and common carp. as expected due to the osmorespiratory compromise, exhaustive swimming induced increases in gill na(+)/k(+) atpase (nka) activity in both species, resulting in stable levels of plasma ions. in contrast to our expectations, this only occurred in fed fish and feeding itself increased nka activity, especially in carp. fasting fish wer ...201323422918
modulation of rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia.we investigated relationships among branchial unidirectional na(+) fluxes, ammonia excretion, urea excretion, plasma ammonia, plasma cortisol, and gill transporter expression and function in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were ex ...201323661781
secretory expression and characterization of the recombinant myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus) in pichia pastoris.the myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) is effective in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain (mhc), α-actinin, actin, and tropomyosin and was thus regarded as an important proteinase responsible for the metabolism of fish muscle in vivo. in order to better understand the characteristic differences between native mbsp and recombinant mbsp (rmbsp) and to obtain large quantity of mbsp for its application in protein science study, the crucian carp mbsp gene was ...201323313743
the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and chondroitin sulfate during pectoral fin regeneration in carassius auratus gibelio: a combined histochemical and immunohistochemical study.dermal bone is an important component of the teleost fins, and its ability to regenerate after fin amputation appears to be unlimited. the organic bone matrix contain type i collagen fibers, proteoglycans enriched in chondroitin sulfate, and noncollagenous matrix protein such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin. these molecules are synthesized by fin osteoblasts. inorganic components chiefly consist of calcium and phosphate that form crystals of hydroxyapatite. fin rays are described as ...201323302437
the long-term effect of serotonin on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile cyprinidae (cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus).the effect of serotonin after intracerebroventricular (icv) injections in dosage of 0.3 and 0.15 μg/g of the body weight on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile carp cyprinus carpio l. and goldfish carassius auratus (l.) has been studied in two experiments of 10- to 11-day duration. it has been found that icv injection of serotonin in dosage of 0.3 μg/g caused the initial decrease in preferred temperatures (pt) (2-3 days) followed by their further increase (4-8 days after the administration ...201323515758
health risk assessment for consumption of fish originating from ponds near dabaoshan mine, south china.mining effluents are a potential source of toxic metals in the surrounding aquatic ecosystem and pose a potential health risk to humans from fish consumption. the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the long-term dabaoshan mining operation on heavy metal accumulation in different fish species. heavy metal accumulation (lead (pb), cadmium (cd), zinc (zn), and copper (cu)) in four tissues (liver, muscle, intestine, and gills) of five carp species (hypophthalmichthys molitrix, ctenop ...201323508535
cardiac k(atp) channel alterations associated with acclimation to hypoxia in goldfish (carassius auratus l.).goldfish (carassius auratus l.) are highly tolerant of environmental hypoxia, and with appropriate acclimation may survive and remain active for several days in the complete absence of oxygen. previous work suggests that the hypoxia-induced activation of cardiac atp-sensitive potassium (katp) channels serves to increase tolerance of low oxygen in many species. for goldfish, we have previously characterized a nitric oxide (no)- and cgmp-dependent pathway by which this channel activation occurs in ...201323291308
bioaccumulation, sub-acute toxicity, and tissue distribution of engineered titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles in goldfish (carassius auratus).the increased use of nano-sized materials is likely to result in the release of these particles into the environment. it is, however, unclear if these materials are harmful to aquatic animals. in this study, the sub-lethal effects of exposure of low and high concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) on goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. tissues, including intestine, gills, muscle, and brain were analyzed for ti content by icp-ms. accumulation of tio2 nps increased ...201325383077
molecular and functional characterization of erythropoietin of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).erythropoietin is the principal regulator of erythropoiesis and promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in mammals. in this study we report on the molecular and functional characterization of erythropoietin from the goldfish. quantitative expression analysis of goldfish epo revealed the highest mrna levels in heart, followed by brain, liver, spleen and kidney tissues. there was no marked change of epo expression in goldfish primary kidney macrophage ...201323474427
validation of edna surveillance sensitivity for detection of asian carps in controlled and field experiments.in many north american rivers, populations of multiple species of non-native cyprinid fishes are present, including black carp (mylpharyngodon piceus), grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and goldfish (carassius auratus). all six of these species are found in the mississippi river basin and tracking their invasion has proven difficult, particularly where abundance is low. knowle ...201323472178
sexual dimorphism of steroidogenesis regulated by gnih in the goldfish, carassius auratus.gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) has been shown to inhibit reproduction in several species. gnih suppresses gonadotropin synthesis/release at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels; however, increasing evidence suggests that gnih has a putative function in the gonad. in this study, we demonstrated that gnih receptors localize to the ovary and testis in goldfish. in situ hybridization illustrated that goldfish gnihrs were localized exclusively to the oocytes before the cortical alveolus stag ...201323467740
molecular cloning and characterization of cat, gpx1 and cu/zn-sod genes in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) and antioxidant enzyme modulation induced by hexavalent chromium in juveniles.hexavalent chromium (cr(6+)) is a common pollutant transient metal with high toxicity in the environment. the toxicological effects partly result from oxidative damage due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ros) in the reductive process of cr(6+). to explore the influence of ros induced directly by cr(6+) on the oxidative stress generation and antioxidant system, the full length cdnas of antioxidant-related genes cat, gpx1 and cu/zn-sod were successfully acquired from pengze ...201323462276
interaction of 17β-estradiol and ketoconazole on endocrine function in goldfish (carassius auratus).an understanding of the effects of toxic mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) on aquatic organisms is challenging as these organisms are exposed to multiple classes of contaminants in their natural habitat. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactions of two classes of edcs, 17β-estradiol (e2) and ketoconazole (ktc), on endocrine function in male goldfish (carassius auratus), including vitellogenesis, metabolic capability and serum steroid synthesis. changes in vite ...201323434491
single and combined effects of estrone and 17β-estradiol on male goldfish.to assess the single and combined effects of estrone (e1) and 17β-estradiol (e2) on goldfish (carassius auratus).201323425800
liver alterations in two freshwater fish species (carassius auratus and danio rerio) following exposure to different tio₂ nanoparticle concentrations.the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio₂ nps) and oxidative stress effects were studied in two freshwater fish species (carassius auratus and danio rerio) exposed for 21 days to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100/mgl) of tio₂ nps and to a control (tap water). additional fish were transferred to clean water for 14 days to assess the ability to recover from exposure to tio₂ nps. activities of the enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (gst) and lipid peroxidation (lpo) (malondia ...201323931156
expression regulation of zebrafish interferon regulatory factor 9 by promoter analysis.we previously showed that a fish interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf9) homologue, crucian carp carassius auratus irf9, displays constitutively nuclear localization and involvement in fish ifn-dependent jak-stat signaling; however, little is known about the expression regulation of fish irf9. here, we characterized the expression of zebrafish irf9 by promoter analysis. zebrafish irf9 gene promoter contained several putative transcription factor binding sites, including one isre (ifn-stimula ...201323916490
comparative antioxidant status in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to six current-use brominated flame retardants: a combined experimental and theoretical study.decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) and several non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) brominated flame retardants (bfrs), such as tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd), decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), hexabromobenzene (hbb) and pentabromotoluene (pbt), are persistent halogenated contaminants ubiquitously detected in aquatic systems. however, data on comparative toxicological effects of these bfrs are lacking for fish. in this study, a combined experimental and theoretic ...201323880106
assessment of in vivo estrogenic response and identification of environmental estrogens in influent and effluent from a sewage treatment plant.the in vivo estrogenic response and estrogenic contents of the influent and effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant located in jiaozuo were assessed. the bioassay showed significant serum vitellogenin (vtg) induction in all the treated male goldfish (carassius auratus) and significant gonad atrophies were only observed in the fish induced the most vtg expressions. six target estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol a) were d ...201323877625
regulation of nodularin-induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate on fish lymphocytes in vitro.nodularin is one of the most conspicuous and widespread pollutants that elicit water ecological hazards to fish, causing serious damage on the immune system and physiological functions. nodularin can cause oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. the regulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/l levels on the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes exposed to a high dose of nodularin (100 μg/l) were quantified i ...201323403155
regulation of amino acid metabolism as a defensive strategy in the brain of three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia exposure.many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when confronted with high environmental ammonia (hea). in the present study, the possible role of conversion of accumulated ammonia to glutamine and other free amino acids in the brain of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia was investigated. the detoxification mode of ammonia in brain is suggested to be through amination of glutamate to glutamine by the coupled activities of glutama ...201323384996
ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (ocrh) exerts an anxiogenic-like action in the goldfish, carassius auratus.corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) is a member of the hypothalamic neuropeptide family that includes urocortins, urotensin i and sauvagine in vertebrates. crh and urocortin act as anorexigenic factors for satiety regulation in rodents. in a goldfish model, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of ovine crh (ocrh) affects not only food intake, but also locomotor activity. however, there is no information regarding the psychophysiological roles of crh in goldfish. therefore, we investiga ...201323321398
high male incidence and evolutionary implications of triploid form in northeast asia carassius auratus complex.carassius auratus complex is believed to originate from east eurasia and consist of diploid and triploid forms. diploid form reproduces sexually, whereas triploid form possesses mixture modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, which makes it a unique case to study evolutionary issues among vertebrates. in this study, we identified 337 triploid individuals from 386 specimens of carassius auratus complex sampled from 4 different sites of xingkai lake and suifen river on the northeas ...201323099150
dna barcoding common non-native freshwater fish species in turkey: low genetic diversity but high population structuring.negative impacts of introduced non-native freshwater species on native species have been increasingly recognized in the world as well as in turkey. however, there has been relatively little attention on genetic characterization of alien freshwater fishes in their non-native distribution range and virtually no study has been conducted in turkey despite its crucial importance in invasion biology. the purpose of this study was to elucidate genetic diversity of common non-native freshwater fish spec ...201323298166
goldfish can recover after short-term exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate: use of blood parameters as vital biomarkers.this study investigated the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), a widely used herbicide, on the metabolism of goldfish, carassius auratus, using only vital (non-lethal) approaches. after 96 h exposure to 1, 10 or 100 mg/l of 2,4-d selected hematological (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) and biochemical (glucose content, aspartate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase activities) parameters were unchanged in blood of exposed fish. at 100 mg/l of 2,4-d lymphocyte numbers decreased b ...201323291397
effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of argulus-infested goldfish carassius auratus (linn. 1758).argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against argulus sp. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of argulus-infested goldfish carassius auratus. ninety argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin soluti ...201323090629
contamination by metals and pharmaceuticals in northern taihu lake (china) and its relation to integrated biomarker response in fish.taihu lake is the largest shallow freshwater lake in eastern china and is suffering not only from an increasingly serious threat of eutrophication but also potential ecological risk due to the input of emerging contaminants. active biomonitoring was conducted in taihu lake using transplanted goldfish (carassius auratus) to determine the contamination by pharmaceuticals and metals and to assess the potential ecological risk. a suite of biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin o- ...201323053787
application of fisk, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes, in the murray-darling basin (southeastern australia).the fish invasiveness scoring kit (fisk) is currently one of the most popular pre-screening tools for freshwater fishes. a recent upgrade has ensured its wider climatic relevance to countries with subtropical regions. this enhancement is of particular importance to australia, which encompasses tropical, arid, and temperate zones, and where the introduction of non-native fish species poses a significant risk to biodiversity. in this study, 55 fish species previously evaluated in a u.k.-based cali ...201323051595
the contribution of the lateral line to 'hearing' in fish.in the underwater environment, sound propagates both as a pressure wave and as particle displacement, with particle displacement dominating close to the source (the nearfield). at the receptor level, both the fish ear and the neuromast hair cells act as displacement detectors and both are potentially stimulated by the particle motion component of sound sources, especially in the nearfield. a now common way to test 'hearing' in fish involves auditory evoked potentials (aeps), with recordings made ...201323264489
[effect of food deprivation on quantitative and time characteristics of feeding of goldfish carassius auratus in norm and under action of adrenaline].there was studied effect of intraperitoneally administered adrenaline (0.14 mg/kg) on volume and time characteristics of feeding (duration of single, grouped, and total nutrition) of goldfish carassius auratus (l.) previously maintained on normal and restricted (for 10 and 15 days) diet. the fish on restricted diet demonstrated the biphasic alimentary response to the adrenaline administration, similar with that in the normally fed fish: a decrease of volume, duration of the grouped and total fee ...201321938911
a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation.in this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (pbpk) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus). subsequently, oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. the oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. in contrast, using t ...201322712485
immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish.in the olfactory system of vertebrates, neurogenesis occurs throughout life. the regenerating activities of the olfactory receptor neurons are connected to particular glial cells in the olfactory pathway: the olfactory ensheathing cells. a considerable number of studies are available in literature regarding mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells; this is due to their potential role in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. but very little is known about these cells in non-mammalian ver ...201322527122
po-210 and pb-210 in water and fish from taboshar uranium mining pit lake, tajikistan.polonium-210 in water and (210)pb and (210)po in different fish organs from 3 different fish species in taboshar pit lake (n = 13), located in the uranium mining area in tajikistan, and in kairakkum reservoir (reference lake, n = 3), have been determined as part of a joint project between norway, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan and tajikistan. the average activity concentration of (210)pb and (210)po in liver, muscle and bone of carassius auratus was higher than the concentration in similar tissues of c. ...201322513216
distribution of acetylcholine and catecholamines in fish gills and their potential roles in the hypoxic ventilatory response.carotid body glomus cells in mammals contain a plethora of different neurochemicals. several hypotheses exist to explain their roles in oxygen-chemosensing. in the present study we assessed the distribution of serotonin, acetylcholine and catecholamines in the gills of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) using immunohistochemistry, and an activity-dependent dye, texas red hydrazide (txr). in fish the putative oxygen sensing cells are neuroepithelial cells (necs) and the ...201322765871
the effects of caudal fin amputation on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species with different metabolic modes.metabolic competitive modes between digestion and locomotion are classified into three categories, termed the additive, digestion- and locomotion-priority modes. in nature, the caudal fin is frequently observed to sustain damage as a result of social rank, predation or disease. to test whether the metabolic mode changed differently for fish with different metabolic mode after caudal fin amputation as a consequence of intensified energy competition, we investigated the swimming performance of fas ...201323269108
carbon nanotube enhanced label-free immunosensor for amperometric determination of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone in fish.maintaining high-quality fish eggs stably and efficiently is important for aquaculture. we developed a label-free immunosensor system for measuring 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (dhp). dhp is suddenly secreted before ovulation as a maturation-inducing hormone in fish, and therefore, dhp levels are an indicator for predicting ovulation. the method is based on immunologic reactions and amperometric measurement using cyclic voltammetry (cv). for biomolecular immobilization on the surface of sens ...201322864705
(1)h, (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the second immunoglobulin domain of neurolin from carassius auratus.neurolin is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptors. it is essential during neuronal development in the model organism carassius auratus (goldfish) and involved in the guidance of the growing axon. among the five extracellular immunoglobulin (ig) domains, the second ig domain is crucial for axon pathfinding. in the present study, we report the nmr assignment and secondary structure prediction of the second ig domain of neurolin.201322446848
[influence of copper ions on hematological and cytogenetic parameters of fresh-water fishes carassius auratus gibelio].influence of copper ions on white blood cells parameters in carassius auratus gibelio was investigated. changes in cytogenetic parameters and instability in erythrocytes and epithelial cells of gills were estimated in reply to influence of copper solutions. the frequency of epithelial gill cells at a stage of apoptosis was investigated. the opportunity to use the hematological parameters and cytogenetic instability set for xenobiotics effects in fishes was shown.201320480813
three actinosporean types (myxozoa) from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi in china.three actinosporean types--raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon, and guyenotia--from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi beddard collected from a crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) pond are described in this report. compared with the actinospores described previously, the raabeia type presents similar spore shape with the actinospore of myxobolus cultus, except a much longer caudal process, 250.8 μm (217.5-276.3). the aurantiactinomyxon and guyenotia type significantly differ from other actinospore ...201323377120
cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed in goldfish: molecular cloning of a cb2-like receptor and evaluation of cb1 and cb2 mrna expression profiles in different organs.cannabinoids, the bioactive constituents of cannabis sativa, and endocannabinoids, among which the most important are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, control various biological processes by binding to specific g protein-coupled receptors, namely cb1 and cb2 cannabinoid receptors. while a vast amount of information on the mammalian endocannabinoid system does exist, few data have been reported on bony fish. in the goldfish, carassius auratus, the cb1 receptor has been cloned and its distri ...201323504102
dietary aloe vera components' effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, carassius auratus.aloes are now considered a very interesting source of bioactive compounds among which phytosterols should play a major role. the present study is an attempt to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of aloe vera associated with its impact on the reproductive status of juvenile goldfish. therefore, the short- and long-term effects of feeding supplementary diet containing aloe components (20 mg aloe/g diet; 2%) on plasma lipids, plasma vitellogenin, and hepatic estrogen receptor α/β1 mrna le ...201323135154
ecotoxicological effects of waterborne pfos exposure on swimming performance and energy expenditure in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus).the potential risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) are of increasing ecological concern. swimming performance is linked to the fitness and health of fish. however, the impacts of pfos on swimming performance remain largely unknown. we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure to pfos on the swimming performance and energy expenditure of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed to a range of pfos concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 8 and 32 mg/l) for 48 hr. the s ...201324520707
intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (carassius auratus).the question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (m) is achieved in animals is unresolved. here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (carassius auratus). the m of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. the rmr an ...201324376588
assessment of the health status of wild fish from the wheatley harbour area of concern, ontario, canada.the overall health and endocrine function of wild brown bullhead (ameiurus nebulosus) and goldfish (carassius auratus) from the wheatley harbour area of concern (lake erie, ontario, canada) was assessed using a suite of physiological and biochemical endpoints. smaller gonads were detected in female brown bullhead and goldfish from wheatley harbour compared with hillman marsh (ontario, canada) reference fish. female brown bullhead exhibited decreased in vitro synthesis of 17β-estradiol. female go ...201223027428
trichodina nobilis chen, 1963 and trichodina reticulata hirschmann et partsch, 1955 from ornamental freshwater fishes in brazil.in the present work trichodina reticulata and t. nobilis (ciliophora: trichodinidae) are morphologically characterised from ornamental freshwater fish culture in the state of santa catarina, brazil. the prevalence of infection and a list of comparative measurements are discussed. we examined "southern platyfish" xiphophorus maculatus (n = 35), "goldfish" carassius auratus (n = 31), "guppy" poecilia reticulata (n = 20), "sailfin molly" poecilia latipinna (n = 6), "beta" betta splendens (n = 2) an ...201222735135
male primer endocrine responses to preovulatory female cyprinids under natural conditions in sweden.this study investigated two related aspects of male-female reproductive interactions in the family cyprinidae: (1) whether ovulating female rudd scardinius erythrophthalmus (subfamily leuciscinae) induce endocrine and gonadal priming responses in conspecific males, a phenomenon which has been described only in species from the subfamily cyprininae such as goldfish, carassius auratus, crucian carp carassius carassius and common carp, cyprinus carpio and (2) whether the stimuli mediating these res ...201222220895
thyrotropic activity of recombinant human glycoprotein hormone analogs and pituitary mammalian gonadotropins in goldfish (carassius auratus): insights into the evolution of thyrotropin receptor specificity.thyrotropin (tsh) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone heterodimer that binds to its g-protein coupled receptor (tsh-r) at the thyroid to promote the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. very little is known about tsh-tsh-r interactions in teleost fish. mammalian gonadotropins have been reported to have an intrinsic ability to activate teleost fish tsh-rs, suggesting the tsh-r in teleost fish is more promiscuous than in other vertebrates. in this study we utilized the goldfish t(4)-release ...201222387984
responses of ache and gst activities to insecticide coexposure in carassius auratus.organophosphates and carbamates are widely used pesticides and play an important role in global agriculture. the misuse of these compounds has caused environmental problems and has had a negative impact on wildlife. in this study, the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb on acetylcholinesterase (ache) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. muscle and brain ache activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and ...201220549641
colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor protein expression is a specific marker for goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophage progenitors and their differentiated cell types.signaling through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) mediates the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of macrophages and their progenitors. in this study we report on the use of an anti-goldfish csf-1r antibody to specifically recognize a population of csf-1r positive cells from goldfish tissues. furthermore, using our previously characterized primary kidney macrophage culture system, we show that csf-1r positive cells include monocytes, macrophages, and their progenito ...201222202746
technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.the feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (pgc) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled pgc were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 m cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 m cryoprotectant and 0.5 m sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). embryonic c ...201221926320
adverse effects of bisphenol a on reproductive physiology in male goldfish at environmentally relevant concentrations.alternations of reproductive physiology were studied in the male goldfish (carassius auratus l.) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6, 4.5 and 11.0 μg/l) of bisphenol a (bpa) at days 10, 20 and 30 after exposure. significant effects of bpa concentration, exposure time and their interactions were observed on testosterone (t), 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) and sperm motility and velocity, but gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi) and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) were not af ...201222036266
attempt at cloning high-quality goldfish breed 'ranchu' by fin-cultured cell nuclear transplantation.the viability of ornamental fish culture relies on the maintenance of high-quality breeds. to improve the profitability of culture operations we attempted to produce cloned fish from the somatic nucleus of the high-quality japanese goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) breed 'ranchu'. we transplanted the nucleus of a cultured fin-cell from an adult ranchu into the non-enucleated egg of the original goldfish breed 'wakin'. of the 2323 eggs we treated, 802 underwent cleavage, 321 reached the blastu ...201221106134
combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ion-regulatory response in goldfish (carassius auratus l.).due to eutrophication, high environmental ammonia (hea) has become a frequent problem in aquatic environments, especially in agricultural or densely populated areas. during certain periods, e.g. winter, feed deprivation may occur simultaneously in natural waters. additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may be enforced to swim at a high speed in order to catch prey, avoid predators and so on. consequently, fish need to cope with all these stressors by altering physiological process ...201222446827
otolith end organ projections to auditory neurons in the descending octaval nucleus of the goldfish, carassius auratus: a confocal analysis.the distribution of axons from the saccule, lagena, and utricle to descending octaval nucleus neurons that project to the auditory midbrain in the goldfish is reported. we have divided these auditory projection neurons, located in the dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (ddo), into two groups, medial and lateral, each of which contains several neuronal populations based on morphology and location. at most levels of the ddo, there are three medial and three lateral populations; the r ...201222846681
bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (carassius auratus).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. significant biotransformation of some pbdes via reductive debromination has been observed. however, little is known about the fate of lower brominated bdes in fish. in this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (bde 15) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) which were exp ...201222036552
toxicity assessment of simulated urban runoff containing polycyclic musks and cadmium in carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers.the objective of this study was to assess potential toxic effects of simulated urban runoff on carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers. the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod) and catalase (cat), and the content of malondialdehyde (mda) in the liver of c. auratus were analyzed after a 7-, 14- and 21-day exposure to simulated urban runoff containing galaxolide (hhcb) and cadmium (cd). the results showed that the activity of antioxidan ...201222243852
nephrotoxic effects from chronic toxic cyanobacterial blooms in fishes with different trophic levels in a large chinese lake.physiological and biochemical responses in kidneys of fishes with different trophic levels to toxic cyanobacterial blooms were studied. we sampled four fishes: the phytoplanktivorous hypophthalmichthys molitrix and aristichthys nobilis, the omnivorous carassius auratus, and the carnivorous culter ilishaeformis. alterations of the antioxidant (gsh) and the major antioxidant enzymes (cat, sod, gpx, gst) were monitored monthly. catalase and glutathione s-transferase were significantly higher during ...201222240185
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide and its metabolites in crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.the pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide (abzso) and its metabolites were studied in healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus, 250 ± 30 g) kept at water temperatures of 10 °c and 25 °c. the concentrations of abzso and its metabolites concentration in plasma and tissues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using an ultraviolet detector. the results revealed that the plasma concentration of abzso in plasma was significan ...201222227164
molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine.cholecystokinin (cck) is a multi-functional brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals. to investigate the role of cck in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cdna sequence of cck gene was obtained by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus. homology analysis showed that the cck cdna sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts th ...201222752267
characterization of bmp15 and its regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in the follicle of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).bone morphogenetic protein (bmp15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (tgf-β) superfamily with a key role in regulating follicle development in mammals and birds. however, potential ovarian roles of bmps remain unexplored in teleosts. in this study, the full-length sequences of bmp15 were obtained using rapid-amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna sequence of bmp15 is 2217 bp which contained 214 bp 5'-utr and 845 bp 3'-utr. the open reading frame (orf) sequence of b ...201222613815
non-canonical residues of the marginally stable monomeric ubiquitin conjugase from goldfish are involved in binding to the c terminus of ring 1b.e2 ubiquitin conjugases are ~20kda enzymes involved in ubiquitination processes in eukaryotes. the e2s are responsible for the transference of ubiquitin (ub) to e3 enzymes, which finally transfer ub to diverse target proteins, labelling them for degradation, localization and regulation. although their functions are relatively well-characterized, their conformational stabilities are poorly known. in this work, we have used, as a model for our biophysical and binding studies, the e2-c from carassi ...201222609416
expression of osteoblastic and osteoclastic genes during spontaneous regeneration and autotransplantation of goldfish scale: a new tool to study intramembranous bone regeneration.complementary dna of osteoblast-specific genes (dlx5, runx2a, runx2b, osterix, rankl, type i collagen, alp, and osteocalcin) was cloned from goldfish (carassius auratus) scale. messenger rna expressions were analyzed during spontaneous scale regeneration. dlx5 had an early peak of expression on day 7, whereas osterix was constantly expressed during days 7-21. runx2, a major osteoblastic transcription factor in mammalian bone, did not show any significant expression. the expressions of two functi ...201222484181
comparative proteomics of copper exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp.species specific differences in transporters, chaperones, metal binding proteins and other targets are important in metal toxicity. therefore, we have studied the effects of copper exposure on the proteome of gill tissue from oncorhynchus mykiss, cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus gibelio, which have different sensitivities toward copper. fish were exposed to the flemish water quality standard for surface waters, being 50μg/l, for 3 days. sampled gill tissue was subjected to a 2d-dige and an ...201222480594
phox2b expression in the taste centers of fish.the homeodomain transcription factor phox2b controls the formation of the sensory-motor reflex circuits of the viscera in vertebrates. among phox2b-dependent structures characterized in rodents is the nucleus of the solitary tract, the first relay for visceral sensory input, including taste. here we show that phox2b is expressed throughout the primary taste centers of two cyprinid fish, danio rerio and carassius auratus, i.e., in their vagal, glossopharyngeal, and facial lobes, providing the fir ...201222473338
thyroid endocrine dysregulation and erythrocyte dna damage associated with pbde exposure in juvenile crucian carp collected from an e-waste dismantling site in zhejiang province, china.in the present study, 40 juvenile crucian carp (carassius auratus) were caught from a river close to an electronic waste (e-waste) site (exposed group) and another located 80 km away from the e-waste site (control group) in zhejiang, china. results indicated that muscle levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (median pbdes, 235.98 ng/g wet wt; range, 7.70-703.31 ng/g wet wt), serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (median tsh, 2.32 µiu/ml; range, 2.05-2.72 µiu/ml) and erythrocyte dna damag ...201222707201
morpho-functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) heart.using morphological and physiological approaches we provided, for the first time, a structural and functional characterization of carassius auratus l. heart. besides to the classical four chambers, i.e. sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus, we described two distinct structures corresponding to the atrio-ventricular (av) region and the conus arteriosus. the atrium is very large and highly trabeculated; the ventricle shows an outer compacta, vascularized by coronary vessels, and an inner spong ...201222705557
nickel induces hyperglycemia and glycogenolysis and affects the antioxidant system in liver and white muscle of goldfish carassius auratus l.the toxicity of nickel to mammals is well studied, whereas information on nickel effects on fish is scant. goldfish exposure to 10-50 mg l(-1) of waterborne ni(2+) for 96 h showed reduced glycogen levels by 27-33% and 37-40% in liver and white muscle, respectively, accompanied by substantial increases in blood glucose levels (by 15-99%). however, indices of oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyl proteins) and lipids (lipid peroxides) were largely unaffected by nickel exposure. in liver, the acti ...201222444726
responses of acid/alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation to mercury exposure during the embryonic development of goldfish carassius auratus.this study assessed the impact of mercury exposure on goldfish (carassius auratus) embryos based on the dynamic characteristics of chemical parameters. day-old embryos were exposed to different hg(2+) concentrations (0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 10 μg/l). subsequently, the embryos were sampled every 24 h during embryonic development to measure acid phosphatase (acp), alkaline phosphatase (akp), lysozyme (lsz), and catalase (cat) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (mda) content. the results revealed tha ...201222683699
toral lateral line units of goldfish, carassius auratus, are sensitive to the position and vibration direction of a vibrating sphere.we recorded the responses of lateral line units in the midbrain torus semicircularis of goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50-hz vibrating sphere and determined the unit's spatial receptive fields for various distances between fish and sphere and for different directions of sphere vibration. all but one unit responded to the vibrating sphere with an increase in discharge rate. only a proportion (25%) of the units exhibited phase-locked responses. receptive fields were narrow or broad and containe ...201222669431
[effects of compensatory growth on the levels of igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of igf-1 mrna, igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio].we studied the effects of starvation and re-feeding on the levels of plasma igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of hepatic igf-1 mrna and muscle igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio. during the two week starvation period, both the levels of plasma igf-1 and igfbp-1 decreased and were significantly lower on day 14 (p <0.05). on the first day of re-feeding, the level of plasma igf-1 increased sharply, to the level of control group, and had no significant changes for the remaining days. while the le ...201222653858
molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp carassius carassius in swedish waters.both mitochondrial dna sequence and two nuclear microsatellite markers were used to confirm the identity of the first record of carassius auratus gibelio in the western (swedish) baltic sea region. a total of 49 fishes were analysed, where 22 were from three swedish sites connected to the baltic sea. the d-loop mitochondrial dna sequences showed that 16 of 22 swedish fishes were related to c. a. gibelio. the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed that these fish are probably not native, ...201222650435
an evaluation of the combined effects of phenolic endocrine disruptors on vitellogenin induction in goldfish carassius auratus.phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, typically existing as a mixture at the nanogram or microgram per liter level. among the phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol a and 2,4-dichlorophenol attract the most concern due to their abundance and risks within the natural environment. the former three chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors causing feminization in various organisms, whereas the latter one requires further clarification concern ...201222592663
the interactive effects of exercise and gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus).gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) is accomplished by the appearance or retraction of a mass of cells (termed the interlamellar cell mass or ilcm) between adjacent lamellae. given the presumed effects of gill remodeling on diffusing capacity, the goals of the current study were (1) to determine the consequences of increased aerobic o(2) demand (swimming) on gill remodelling and (2) to assess the consequences of the presence or absence of the ilcm on aerobic swimming capacity. fish a ...201222588580
expression patterns of runx2, sparc, and bgp during scale regeneration in the goldfish carassius auratus.teleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. however, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish scale. in this study, as a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the cellular differentiation during scale regeneration, we cloned the cdnas for osteoblast-related ...201222544716
subcellular differences in handling cu excess in three freshwater fish species contributes greatly to their differences in sensitivity to cu.since changes in metal distribution among tissues and subcellular fractions can provide insights in metal toxicity and tolerance, we investigated this partitioning of cu in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). these fish species are known to differ in their sensitivity to cu exposure with gibel carp being the most tolerant and rainbow trout the most sensitive. after an exposure to 50 μg/l (0.79 μm) ...201222542735
isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
reciprocal inhibiting interactive mechanism between the estrogen receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to 17β-estradiol and benzo[a]pyrene.in the aquatic environment, both the estrogen receptor (er) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) responses are established biomarkers for assessing exposure to pollutants. these receptor responses can also be affected by the presence of other classes of pollutants and may result in misinterpretation of existing pollution. in this study, we investigated the interaction between er-vitellogenin (vtg) and ahr-cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) signaling pathways in goldfish (carassius auratus) after 10 days ...201222425873
metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol a by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are two major flame retardants that accumulate in fish tissues and are potentially toxic. their debrominated and oxidated derivatives were also reported in fish tissues although the sources of theses derivatives were unidentified. our study was to determine whether pbdes and tbbpa could be metabolized by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites were formed. liver microsomes and s9 ...201222417763
branchial and extra-branchial ammonia excretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) following thermally induced gill remodeling.under cold acclimated conditions, goldfish (carassius auratus) express an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) which limits diffusive ion loss but may also impede branchial ammonia excretion (j(amm)). in the present study, goldfish were subjected to a 2-week 5 or 25 °c acclimation in order to modulate the degree of ilcm gill coverage and determine potential effects on j(amm). 25 °c-fish displayed gill coverage which was significantly lower than the 5 °c-fish, though the ilcm was not completely absent ...201222387290
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