Publications

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evolution and homoplasy at the bem6 microsatellite locus in three sweetpotato whitefly (bemisia tabaci) cryptic species.the evolution of individual microsatellite loci is often complex and homoplasy is common but often goes undetected. sequencing alleles at a microsatellite locus can provide a more complete picture of the common evolutionary mechanisms occurring at that locus and can reveal cases of homoplasy. within species homoplasy can lead to an underestimate of differentiation among populations and among species homoplasy can produce a misleading interpretation regarding shared alleles and hybridization. thi ...201323819589
use of fluorescence, a novel technique to determine reduction in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to benevia and other insecticides.the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), is an economically important pest in the united states and other countries. growers in many places rely on the use of insecticides to reduce populations of b. tabaci. however, insecticides may take a few days to cause b. tabaci mortality and some do not reduce feeding before death. earlier reduction of feeding of whiteflies would decrease the physiological effects on plants, reduce the production of sooty mold and potentially reduce the tran ...201323786044
the characteristics and expression profiles of the mitochondrial genome for the mediterranean species of the bemisia tabaci complex.the whiteflies under the name bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (aleyrodidae: hemiptera) are species complex of at least 31 cryptic species some of which are globally invasive agricultural pests. previously, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the indigenous new world b. tabaci species was sequenced and major differences of gene order from the postulated whitefly ancestral gene order were found. however, the sequence and gene order of mitogenomes in other b. tabaci species are unknown. in addition ...201323768425
relative amount of symbionts in bemisia tabaci (gennadius) q changes with host plant and establishing the method of analyzing free amino acid in b. tabaci.the impact of symbionts on their insect hosts depends on their infection density. in the current study, we investigated the effects of host plants (cucumber, cabbage, and cotton) on the relative amount of symbionts portiera and hamiltonella in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) q. the relative amounts of symbionts in 3 host plant b. tabaci q populations with the same genetic background were evaluated by quantitative pcr. the whiteflies of cabbage population harbored more portiera than those ...201323750302
silencing the ecdysone synthesis and signaling pathway genes disrupts nymphal development in the whitefly.sap-sucking insects are important pests in agriculture and good models to study insect biology. the role of ecdysone pathway genes in the life history of this group of insects is largely unknown likely due to a lack of efficient gene silencing methods allowing functional genetic analyses. here, we developed a new and high throughput method to silence whitefly genes using a leaf-mediated dsrna feeding method. we have applied this method to explore the roles of genes within the molting hormone-ecd ...201323748027
taxonomic status of the bemisia tabaci complex (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and reassessment of the number of its constituent species.bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests in the world. in the present study, the taxonomic status of b. tabaci and the number of species composing the b. tabaci complex were determined based on 1059 coi sequences of b. tabaci and 509 coi sequences of 153 hemipteran species. the genetic divergence within b. tabaci was conspicuously higher (on average, 11.1%) than interspecific genetic divergence within the respective genera of the 153 species (on average, ...201323675507
a quantum dot-immunofluorescent labeling method to investigate the interactions between a crinivirus and its whitefly vector.successful vector-mediated plant virus transmission entails an intricate but poorly understood interplay of interactions among virus, vector, and plant. the complexity of interactions requires continually improving/evaluating tools and methods for investigating the determinants that are central to mediating virus transmission. a recent study using an organic fluorophore (alexa fluor)-based immunofluorescent localization assay demonstrated that specific retention of lettuce infectious yellows vir ...201323577009
investigating contact toxicity of geranium and artemisia essential oils on bemisia tabaci gen.sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gen. (b. tabaci), is one of the most important pests of various greenhouse crops in iran. nowadays, chemical insecticides are broadly used for control of the pests that causes risk to consumer's health. for the first time, contact toxicity of pelargonium roseum andrews and artemisia sieberi besser essential oils on b. tabaci and its possible application against the whitefly was evaluated in 2012.201325050264
immature development of eretmocerus mundus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae).the development from egg to pupation is followed for the wasp eretmocerus mundus, parasitizing the whitefly bemisia tabaci. we elucidate and describe structural details, histological developments and changes that the different parasitoid and host tissues have undergone during parasitism. these include the presence and apparent function of very large salivary glands, which probably produce substances that help to regulate the host's decomposition and parasitoid nutrition. moreover, the gut of all ...201323523739
assessment of potential sublethal effects of various insecticides on key biological traits of the tobacco whitefly, bemisia tabaci.the tobacco whitefly bemisia tabaci is one of the most devastating pests worldwide. current management of b. tabaci relies upon the frequent applications of insecticides. in addition to direct mortality by typical acute toxicity (lethal effect), insecticides may also impair various key biological traits of the exposed insects through physiological and behavioral sublethal effects. identifying and characterizing such effects could be crucial for understanding the global effects of insecticides on ...201323494876
brazilian begomovirus populations are highly recombinant, rapidly evolving, and segregated based on geographical location.the incidence of begomovirus infections in crop plants sharply increased in brazil during the 1990s following the introduction of the invasive b biotype of the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. it is believed that this biotype transmitted begomoviruses from noncultivated plants to crop species with greater efficiency than indigenous b. tabaci biotypes. either through rapid host adaptation or selection pressure in genetically diverse populations of noncultivated hosts, over the past 20 years vario ...201323487451
competitive displacement between two invasive whiteflies: insecticide application and host plant effects.the cryptic species middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1), formerly referred to as 'b biotype', of the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex entered china in the mid 1990s, and the mediterranean (med) cryptic species, formerly referred to as 'q biotype', of the same whitefly complex entered china around 2003. field surveys in china after 2003 indicate that in many regions med has been replacing the earlier invader meam1. the factors underlying this displacement are unclear. we conducted laboratory experime ...201323458717
spatial genetic heterogeneity in populations of a newly invasive whitefly in china revealed by a nation-wide field survey.even though introductions of exotic species provide ready-made experiments of rapid evolution, few studies have examined the genetic structure of an exotic species shortly after its initial introduction and subsequent spread. to determine the genetic structure of its populations during the initial introduction, we investigated the invasive sweet potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci q, commonly known as b. tabaci biotype q) in china, which was introduced in approximately 2003. a total of 619 b. tabaci ...201324302995
transmitting plant viruses using whiteflies.whiteflies, hemiptera: aleyrodidae, bemisia tabaci, a complex of morphologically indistinquishable species(5), are vectors of many plant viruses. several genera of these whitefly-transmitted plant viruses (begomovirus, carlavirus, crinivirus, ipomovirus, torradovirus) include several hundred species of emerging and economically significant pathogens of important food and fiber crops (reviewed by(9,10,16)). these viruses do not replicate in their vector but nevertheless are moved readily from pla ...201324300175
amplifying long transcripts of ryanodine receptors of five agricultural pests by transcriptome analysis and gap filling.ryanodine receptor (ryr) is an intracellular calcium release channel that plays a key role in excitation contraction coupling. insect ryr is the target of diamide insecticides. better understanding of insect ryr is necessary for studying the molecular mode of action and potential resistance mechanism of diamide insecticides. however, molecular manipulation of the full ryr gene is difficult because of its length (approximately 15 kb). at present, ryr genes have been reported only in a limited num ...201324299104
relative amount of symbionts in insect hosts changes with host-plant adaptation and insecticide resistance.the impact of symbionts on their hosts depends on their infection density. in the current study, we investigated the effects of host plant and insecticide resistance on the relative amount of symbionts portiera, hamiltonella, rickettsia, and cardinium in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype. the relative amount of symbionts in three host plant-adapted subpopulations (cucumber, cucumis sativus l.; cabbage, brassica oleracea l.; and cotton, gossypium herbaceum l.) with the same geneti ...201323339787
pymetrozine is hydroxylated by cyp6cm1, a cytochrome p450 conferring neonicotinoid resistance in bemisia tabaci.resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid in the cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is linked to its hydroxylation by constitutively overexpressed cyp6cm1, a cytochrome p450 enzyme. here, an investigation was conducted to establish whether cyp6cm1 functionally expressed in sf9 cells also detoxifies pymetrozine, a selective homopteran feeding blocker known to be cross-resistant to neonicotinoids in whiteflies.201323325724
preference and prey switching in a generalist predator attacking local and invasive alien pests.invasive pest species may strongly affect biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems. the ability of generalist predators to prey on new invasive pests may result in drastic changes in the population dynamics of local pest species owing to predator-mediated indirect interactions among prey. on a short time scale, the nature and strength of such indirect interactions depend largely on preferences between prey and on predator behavior patterns. under laboratory conditions we evaluated the prey prefere ...201324312646
competitive interactions between parasitoids provide new insight into host suppression.understanding the dynamics of potential inter- and intraspecific competition in parasitoid communities is crucial in the screening of efficient parasitoid species and for utilization of the best parasitoid species combinations. in this respect, the host-parasitoid systems, bemisia tabaci and two parasitoids, eretmocerus hayati (exotic) and encarsia sophia (existing) were studied under laboratory conditions to investigate whether interference competition between the exotic and existing species oc ...201324312394
sirna machinery in whitefly (bemisia tabaci).rna interference has been emerged as an utmost tool for the control of sap sucking insect pests. systemic response is necessary to control them in field condition. whitefly is observed to be more prone to sirna in recent studies, however the sirna machinery and mechanism is not well established.201324391810
evidence for horizontal transmission of secondary endosymbionts in the bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex.bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a globally distributed pest composed of at least 34 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. at least seven species of endosymbiont have been found infecting some or all members of the complex. the origin(s) of the associations between specific endosymbionts and their whitefly hosts is unknown. infection is normally vertical, but horizontal transmission does occur and is one way for new infections to be introduced into individuals. the relatio ...201323308142
reference gene selection for qrt-pcr analysis in the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).accurate evaluation of gene expression requires normalization relative to the expression of reliable reference genes. expression levels of "classical" reference genes can differ, however, across experimental conditions. although quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) has been used extensively to decipher gene function in the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci, a world-wide pest in many agricultural systems, the stability of its reference genes has rarely been validated.201323308130
cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum.insecticides are important tools for managing damaging insect pests. compounds that are effective against pests such as the whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum, which show resistance to a range of insecticidal modes of action (moa), have particular value as components of resistance management programmes. the sulfoximine insecticides are chemically unique as the first to incorporate a sulfoximine functional group. sulfoxaflor is the first sulfoximine compound under commercial ...201323203347
characterization of a newly discovered symbiont of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a species complex containing >28 cryptic species, some of which are important crop pests worldwide. like many other sap-sucking insects, whiteflies harbor an obligatory symbiont, "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum," and a number of secondary symbionts. so far, six genera of secondary symbionts have been identified in b. tabaci. in this study, we report and describe the finding of an additional bacterium in the indigenous b. tabaci cryptic species china ...201323144129
diversity and localization of bacterial symbionts in three whitefly species (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) from the east coast of the adriatic sea.several whitefly species (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) are cosmopolitan phloem-feeders that cause serious damage in numerous agricultural crops. all whitefly species harbor a primary bacterial symbiont and a diverse array of secondary symbionts which may influence several aspects of the insect's biology. we surveyed infections by secondary symbionts in bemisia tabaci (gennadius), trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) and siphoninus phillyreae (haliday) from areas in the east cost of the adriatic sea. ...201322698088
silicon influence on resistance induction against bemisia tabaci biotype b (genn.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and on vegetative development in two soybean cultivars.the potential of populations of bemisia tabaci (genn.) to become resistant to insecticides has stimulated research into alternative tactics of integrated pest management such as the induction of host-plant resistance. recent data have shown that silicon can increase the degree of resistance of host plants to insect pests. therefore the aim of our work was to study the effects of silicon application on the vegetative development of soybean plants and on the induction of resistance to the silverle ...201321952968
preliminary studies of effectiveness and selectivity of movento on bemisia tabaci and its parasitoid eretmocerus mundus.the bemisia tabaci gennadius (homoptera:aleyrodidae) biotype complex is a key pest of several worldwide crops. the management and control of this pest has become difficult mainly due to its high reproductive rate and capacity to develop resistance to broad spectrum insecticides. in argentina b. tabaci whitefly, causes economic losses in most areas of agricultural production. eretmocerus mundus mercet (hymenoptera:aphelinidae) is the most important parasitoid of b. tabaci and is commercialized as ...201223885443
baseline susceptibilities of b- and q-biotype bemisia tabaci to anthranilic diamides in arizona.development of pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoid resistance in the b-biotype whitefly and recent introduction of the q biotype have the potential to threaten current whitefly management programs in arizona. the possibility of integrating the novel anthranilic diamides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole into the current program to tackle these threats largely depends on whether these compounds have cross-resistance with pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoids in whiteflies. to address this question, t ...201221714059
draft genome sequence of "candidatus hamiltonella defensa," an endosymbiont of the whitefly bemisia tabaci."candidatus hamiltonella defensa" is a facultative endosymbiont of the whitefly bemisia tabaci. herein, we report the first draft genome sequence of "candidatus hamiltonella defensa" from the invasive mediterranean cryptic species of the b. tabaci complex. the 1.84-mbp genome sequence comprises 404 contigs and contains 1,806 predicted protein-coding genes.201222689243
short-term and transgenerational effects of the neonicotinoid nitenpyram on susceptibility to insecticides in two whitefly species.the cosmopolitan silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci which had coexisted with trialeurodes vaporariorum in northern china for many years, has become the dominant species in the last years. recent reports show that it is gradually displacing the other greenhouse whitefly species. neonicotinoid, which includes nitenpyram, is a major group of insecticides used against whiteflies in various crops. when exposed to low doses of insecticides, insects may develop resistance by adapting physiologically. ...201222661314
lna probes substantially improve the detection of bacterial endosymbionts in whole mount of insects by fluorescent in-situ hybridization.detection of unculturable bacteria and their localization in the host, by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (fish), is a powerful technique in the study of host-bacteria interaction. fish probes are designed to target the 16 s rrna region of the bacteria to be detected. lna probes have recently been used in fish studies and proven to be more efficient. to date no report has employed lna probes for fish detection of bacterial endosymbiont in the whole mount tissues. further, though speculated, ba ...201222624773
interactions of light intensity, insecticide concentration, and time on the efficacy of systemic insecticides in suppressing populations of the sweetpotato whitefly (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and the citrus mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae).the impact of light intensity on the uptake and persistence of the systemic neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and dinotefuran, were evaluated in poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd.) and yellow sage (lantana camara l.). insecticide residues were measured in leaves sampled from the treated plants at four time intervals after treatment to determine the relationship between insecticide concentration and efficacy against two insect pests: sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, an ...201222606821
[biological activity of capsaicin and its effects on development and fecundity in bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae)].biological activity of capsaicin and its effects on development and fecundity in bemisia tabaci were tested in the laboratory. the results showed that capsaicin induced direct mortality in different developmental stages of b. tabaci, and the mortality of whiteflies were significantly dosage-dependent. the toxicity of capsaicin to different developmental stages of b. tabaci by either leaf-dip or egg/larval-dip bioassays (the lc50 for adult, egg and nymph were 3525.79, 1603.29 and 1526.27 mg x l(- ...201222586983
loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid identification of biotypes b and q of the globally invasive pest bemisia tabaci, and studying population dynamics.bemisia tabaci, the sweetpotato whitefly, is a globally invasive pest that causes serious agricultural damage by transmitting plant viruses. this pest forms a cryptic species complex that displays morphologically indistinguishable biotypes. among them, the b and q biotypes are the most important pests worldwide. because they have different levels of insecticide resistance, these biotypes must be identified in order to achieve proper pest control. therefore, a convenient, rapid and specific detec ...201222566408
[development of insecticide resistance and its effect factors in field population of bemisia tabaci in fujian province, east china].abstract: the development of insecticide resistance in field populations of bemisia tabaci from different regions of fujian province, china were monitored with adult leaf-dipping bioassay. compared with bioassay data of 2005, all field populations tested in 2009 still had high levels of resistance to the lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos, low levels of resistance to methomyl, and no resistance to abamectin. however, resistance to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam ...201222489509
lethal effect of imidacloprid on the coccinellid predator serangium japonicum and sublethal effects on predator voracity and on functional response to the whitefly bemisia tabaci.neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used for controlling sucking pests, and sublethal effects can be expected in beneficial arthropods like natural enemies. serangium japonicum is an important predator in many agricultural systems in china, and a potential biological control agent against bemisia tabaci. we evaluated the toxicity of imidacloprid to s. japonicum and its impact on the functional response to b. tabaci eggs. s. japonicum adults exposed through contact to dried residues of imidaclo ...201222447470
rapid genetic turnover in populations of the insect pest bemisia tabaci middle east: asia minor 1 in an agricultural landscape.organisms differ greatly in dispersal ability, and landscapes differ in amenability to an organism's movement. thus, landscape structure and heterogeneity can affect genetic composition of populations. while many agricultural pests are known for their ability to disperse rapidly, it is unclear how fast and over what spatial scale insect pests might respond to the temporally dynamic agricultural landscapes they inhabit. we used population genetic analyses of a severe crop pest, a member of the be ...201222420748
use of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for identifying subclades of bemisia tabaci mediterranean group.the mediterranean group (commonly known as q biotype; hereafter med) of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), originated in the mediterranean region, but it now has been found in at least 10 countries outside the mediterranean. collections of b. tabaci from some of these countries exhibit different pest behaviors and pesticide resistance characteristics, yet all may be classified as med. a phylogenetic analysis of 120 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) sequences (jn966761 ...201222420277
species within the bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) complex in soybean and bean crops in argentina.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex that contains some of the most damaging pests in tropical and subtropical regions. recent studies suggested that this complex is composed of at least 24 distinct species. we use the approach from these studies to consider the identity of b. tabaci in argentina. previous studies have suggested the presence of a b. tabaci presumably indigenous to the americas and referred to as the br biotype in argentina ...201222420254
differences in mating behavior lead to asymmetric mating interactions and consequential changes in sex ratio between an invasive and an indigenous whitefly.the invasive b whitefly and the indigenous zhj2 whitefly in china of the bemisia tabaci complex represent two previously allopatric cryptic species. laboratory experiments have shown that the invasive b can displace the indigenous zhj2. here, we observed the mating behavior and mating interactions between b and zhj2 to elucidate the behavioral mechanisms underlying their competition. the 2 species are able to mate with each other, although at a significantly lower frequency than that between mal ...201222405444
diverse population of a new bipartite begomovirus infecting tomato crops in uruguay.several isolates of a novel begomovirus were characterized from tomato samples collected in northern uruguay exhibiting disease symptoms associated with bemisia tabaci infestations. analysis of full-length sequences of dna-a and dna-b components revealed the presence of a new begomovirus with the typical genome organization of a new world begomovirus, for which the name tomato rugose yellow leaf curl virus (torylcv) is proposed. a high degree of nucleotide sequence diversity was found for both c ...201222383056
roles of mating behavioural interactions and life history traits in the competition between alien and indigenous whiteflies.interference competition between closely related alien and indigenous species often influences the outcome of biological invasions. the whitefly bemisia tabaci species complex contains ≥28 putative species and two of them, mediterranean (med, formally referred to as the 'q biotype') and middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1, formally referred to as the 'b biotype'), have recently spread to much of the world. in many invaded regions, these species have displaced closely related indigenous whitefly spec ...201222377396
evidence of diversity and recombination in arsenophonus symbionts of the bemisia tabaci species complex.maternally inherited bacterial symbionts infecting arthropods have major implications on host ecology and evolution. among them, the genus arsenophonus is particularly characterized by a large host spectrum and a wide range of symbiotic relationships (from mutualism to parasitism), making it a good model to study the evolution of host-symbiont associations. however, few data are available on the diversity and distribution of arsenophonus within host lineages. here, we propose a survey on arsenop ...201222375811
residue and bio-efficacy evaluation of controlled release formulations of imidacloprid against pests in soybean (glycine max).controlled release (cr) formulations of imidacloprid (1-(6 chloro-3-pyridinyl methyl)-n- nitro imidazolidin-2- ylideneamine) were prepared using novel amphiphilic polymers synthesized from polyethylene glycol and aliphatic diacids employing encapsulation technique. the bioefficacy of the prepared cr formulations was evaluated against major pests of soybean, namely stem fly, melanagromyza sojae zehntmer and white fly, bemisia tabaci gennadius along with a commercial formulation at the experimenta ...201222375595
trophic relationships between predators, whiteflies and their parasitoids in tomato greenhouses: a molecular approach.the whiteflies bemisia tabaci gennadius and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) are two of the main pests in tomato crops. their biological control in mediterranean ipm systems is based on the predators macrolophus pygmaeus (rambur) and nesidiocoris tenuis reuter (hemiptera: miridae), as well as on the parasitoids eretmocerus mundus (mercet) and encarsia pergandiella howard (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). these natural enemies may interact with each other and their joint us ...201222314013
diversity and phylogenetic analysis of endosymbiotic bacteria from field caught bemisia tabaci from different locations of north india based on 16s rdna library screening.bemisia tabaci is the major vector pest of agricultural crops all over the world. in this study we report the different bacterial endosymbionts associated with b. tabaci sampled from 14 different locations in north india. using 16s rdna clone library sequences we were able to identify portiera, the primary endosymbiont of b. tabaci, and other secondary endosymbionts like cardinium, wolbachia, rickettsia and arsenophonus. along with these we also detected bacillus, enterobacter, paracoccus and ac ...201222293464
population genetic structure and secondary endosymbionts of q bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) from greece.we investigated the molecular diversity of the major agricultural pest bemisia tabaci and of its associated secondary endosymbionts in greece. analyzing mitochondrial dna, we found that the q1 (=q west) is predominant. we used eight microsatellite polymorphic markers to study the genetic structure of 37 populations from mainland and insular greece, collected on different host species from outdoor and protected crops as well as from non-cultivated plants. in some cases, gene flow was found to be ...201222280837
species delimitation and global biosecurity.species delimitation directly impacts on global biosecurity. it is a critical element in the decisions made by national governments in regard to the flow of trade and to the biosecurity measures imposed to protect countries from the threat of invasive species. here we outline a novel approach to species delimitation, "tip to root", for two highly invasive insect pests, bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly) and lymantria dispar (asian gypsy moth). both species are of concern to biosecurity, but i ...201222267902
suitability changes with host leaf age for bemisia tabaci b biotype and trialeurodes vaporariorum.the suitability of tomato leaves of different ages for bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) was characterized by development time, stage-specific survival, sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity. three categories of leaf ages were tested (young: expanding leaves <2 wk old; mature: fully expanded, 4-5-wk-old leaves; old: fully expanded, 6-7-wk-old leaves). there was no significant variation in the duration of development of the two species among the three cla ...201223068168
sex affects the infection frequencies of symbionts in bemisia tabaci.while biotype, host plant and geographical location are known to affect the infection dynamics of the six secondary symbionts (s-symbionts) including hamiltonella, arsenophonus, cardinium, wolbachia, rickettsia and fritschea in bemisia tabaci, it remains unclear whether sex of b. tabaci has an impact on the infection frequencies of the six s-symbionts. to address this issue, gene-specific pcr were conducted to screen for the presence of the six s-symbionts in five host plant-adapted laboratory s ...201223060956
analysis of a native whitefly transcriptome and its sequence divergence with two invasive whitefly species.genomic divergence between invasive and native species may provide insight into the molecular basis underlying specific characteristics that drive the invasion and displacement of closely related species. in this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of an indigenous species, asia ii 3, of the bemisia tabaci complex and compared its genetic divergence with the transcriptomes of two invasive whiteflies species, middle east asia minor 1 (meam1) and mediterranean (med), respectively.201223036081
endosymbiotic bacteria as a source of carotenoids in whiteflies.although carotenoids serve important biological functions, animals are generally unable to synthesize these pigments and instead obtain them from food. however, many animals, such as sap-feeding insects, may have limited access to carotenoids in their diet, and it was recently shown that aphids have acquired the ability to produce carotenoids by lateral transfer of fungal genes. whiteflies also contain carotenoids but show no evidence of the fungus-derived genes found in aphids. because many sap ...201222977066
resistance mechanisms to chlorpyrifos and f392w mutation frequencies in the acetylcholine esterase ace1 allele of field populations of the tobacco whitefly, bemisia tabaci in china.the tobacco whitefly b-biotype bemisia tabaci gennadius (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a worldwide pest of many crops. in china, chlorpyrifos has been used to control this insect for many years and is still being used despite the fact that some resistance has been reported. to combat resistance and maintain good control efficiency of chlorpyrifos, it is essential to understand resistance mechanisms. a chlorpyrifos resistant tobacco whitefly strain (nj-r) and a susceptible strain (nj-s) were derived ...201222954331
lack of fitness costs associated with acetamiprid resistance in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is a devastating pest that can cause severe damage to a range of crops by direct feeding and by plant virus transmission. because of indiscriminate use of insecticides, this whitefly has developed resistance to several insecticides, including neonicotinoids. our objectives were to determine fitness components affected by acetamiprid resistance in b. tabaci. assay results showed that selection with acetamiprid had removed ...201222928322
fluctuations in peroxidase and catalase activities of resistant and susceptible black gram (vigna mungo (l.) hepper) genotypes elicited by bemisia tabaci (gennadius) feeding.whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleryrodidae), is a serious pest of black gram, (vigna mungo (l.) hepper), an important legume pulse crop grown in north india. this research investigated the potential role of selected plant oxidative enzymes in resistance/susceptibility to whitefly in nine black gram genotypes. oxidative enzyme activity was estimated spectrophotometrically from leaf samples collected at 30 and 50 d after sowing (das) from whitefly infested and uninfested plants. ...201222902801
asymmetric adaptation to indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates in the b and q sibling species of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).the role glucosinolates play in defending plants against phloem feeders such as aphids and whiteflies is currently not clear as these herbivores may avoid bringing glucosinolates from the phloem sap into contact with myrosinase enzymes. here, we investigated the effects of high levels of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates on life history traits and detoxification gene expression in two sibling species, b and q, of the whitefly bemisia tabaci. high levels of aliphatic glucosinolates decreased t ...201222849567
shifting preference between oviposition vs. host-feeding under changing host densities in two aphelinid parasitoids.destructive host-feeding is common in hymenopteran parasitoids. such feeding may be restricted to host stages not preferred for oviposition. however, whether this is a fixed strategy or can vary according to resource levels or parasitoid needs is less clear. we tested the trade-off between host feeding and oviposition on two whitefly parasitoids under varying host densities. females of two aphelinid parasitoids, eretmocerus hayati and encarsia sophia were exposed to nine different densities of t ...201222815964
influence of plant combinations on population characteristics of bemisia tabaci biotypes b and q.in recent years, the dominant biotype of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) has shifted from biotype b to q in many locations of china. our field monitoring showed that b. tabaci biotype q could be found on pepper capsicum frutescens l. while biotype b could not be found on the plant. to study the role of the host plant in the displacement of biotype b by q, the adult mortality, female fecundity, and adult emergence of both biotypes b and q on different host combinations were studied using a model syste ...201222812132
distribution of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotypes in north america after the q invasion.after the 2004 discovery of the bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera aleyrodidae) q biotype in the united states, there was a vital need to determine the geographical and host distribution as well as its interaction with the resident b biotype because of its innate ability to rapidly develop high-level insecticide resistance that persists in the absence of exposure. as part of a coordinated country-wide effort, an extensive survey of b. tabaci biotypes was conducted in north america, with the c ...201222812110
adult survival of delphastus catalinae (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a predator of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), on diets of whiteflies, honeydew, and honey.delphastus catalinae (horn) is a coccinellid predator that is commercially sold for the management of whiteflies. a study was conducted to assay the effect of selected diets on the survival of adult d. catalinae. treatments of water (as a control), 10% honey, honeydew, and whiteflies [bemisia tabaci (gennadius)] were provided to the beetles in laboratory assays. newly emerged, unfed adult insects were used at the start of a survival experiment with trials lasting 50 d. another survival experimen ...201222732626
difference in feeding behaviors of two invasive whiteflies on host plants with different suitability: implication for competitive displacement.in china, bemisia tabaci q (commonly known as biotype q) has rapidly displaced b (commonly known as biotype b) in the past 6 years. the mechanisms underlying such phenomenon have been studied extensively in recent years; however, we have not come to a definitive conclusion yet. in the present study, the differences in host suitability between b and q whitefly adults to five host plants (cabbage, cotton, cucumber, poinsettia, and tomato) were evaluated based on their respective feeding behaviors ...201222701340
genetic diversity and geographic distribution of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) genotypes associated with cassava in east africa.the genetic variability of whitefly (bemisia tabaci) species, the vectors of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs) in cassava growing areas of kenya, tanzania, and uganda, was investigated through comparison of partial sequences of the mitochondria cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) dna in 2010/11. two distinct species were obtained including sub-saharan africa 1 (ssa1), comprising of two sub-clades (i and ii), and a south west indian ocean islands (swio) species. among the ssa1, sub-clade i sequences s ...201223170210
genome sequences of the primary endosymbiont "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" in the whitefly bemisia tabaci b and q biotypes."candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" is the obligate primary endosymbiotic bacterium of whiteflies, including the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci, and provides essential nutrients to its host. here we report two complete genome sequences of this bacterium from the b and q biotypes of b. tabaci.201223144417
complete genome sequence of "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" bt-qvlc, an obligate symbiont that supplies amino acids and carotenoids to bemisia tabaci.the genome of "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum," the primary endosymbiont of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (mediterranean species), is reported. it presents a reduced genome (357 kb) encoding the capability to synthetize, or participate in the synthesis of, several amino acids and carotenoids, being the first insect endosymbiont capable of supplying carotenoids.201223144402
[effects of the volatiles from different tomato varieties on host selection behavior of b-biotype bemisia tabaci].by the methods of headspace solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and using y-type olfactometer, this paper identified the volatiles from six tomato varieties (zheza 809, zheza 203, hezuo 903, kate no. 1, huangtuoyan, and jinfei), and bio-assayed the olfactory responses of female b-biotype bemisia tabaci to the tomato plants and their released volatiles. thirteen kinds of compounds in the volatiles collected from the six tomato varieties were identified, among wh ...201223286009
low polymorphism revealed in new microsatellite markers for bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).the silverleaf whitefly (bemisia tabaci) is actually a complex of morphologically indistinct species that vary in their capacity to transmit plant viruses and to induce physiological disorders in plants of economic importance. the worldwide impact of this whitefly has increased greatly, as it is a vector of various types of phytovirus, especially geminiviruses, in plants of economic importance. the adaptability of b. tabaci to many regions of the world has fostered the appearance of various biot ...201223212329
will the real bemisia tabaci please stand up?since panayiotis gennadius first identified the whitefly, aleyrodes tabaci in 1889, there have been numerous revisions of the taxonomy of what has since become one of the world's most damaging insect pests. most of the taxonomic revisions have been based on synonymising different species under the name bemisia tabaci. it is now considered that there is sufficient biological, behavioural and molecular genetic data to support its being a cryptic species complex composed of at least 34 morphologica ...201223209778
multi-generation life tables of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) under high-temperature stress.much attention has been focused on insects' ability to survive long-term high-temperature stress and on their resulting population distributions under global warming. in this study, life tables of the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b, were collected over five consecutive generations at 27, 31, and 35°c and for one generation at 37°c. at 37°c, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the net reproductive rate (r(0)) of the whitefly were 0.0383 d(-1) and 2.8 of ...201223321117
reduction in the fitness of bemisia tabaci fed on three previously infested tomato genotypes differing in the jasmonic acid pathway.the effect of previous infestation (preconditioning) by the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b on the population fitness of subsequent infestations that fed on three isogenic tomato genotypes (wild-type [wt], a jasmonic acid [ja] defense-enhanced genotype [35s], and a ja-deficient genotype [spr2]) was examined. we tested the hypotheses that whiteflies fed on preconditioned tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum l.) would have reduced fitness and that the effect would be mediated via the ja-de ...201223321091
are yellow sticky traps an effective method for control of sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, in the greenhouse or field?yellow sticky traps are a common method for monitoring many pests, but it has not been shown whether they could be used as a control method. in this study the impact of yellow sticky traps on the population dynamics of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) was determined in the greenhouse and field. in the greenhouse, yellow sticky traps significantly suppressed the population increase of adult and immature whiteflies. the whitefly densities in the greenho ...201223445077
investigation on some biological aspects of chrysoperla lucasina (chrysopidae: neuroptera) on bemisia tabaci in laboratory conditions.bemisia tabaci is one of the most important key pests of many types of cultivated plants. lacewings (chrysopidae: neuroptera) are predatory insects, widely used in biological control programs. between them green lacewing is a promising biological control agent of pests in green houses and crop fields. in this study, gravid females of the green lacewing chrysoperla lucasina (lacroix) were captured from sarepolzahab ( altitude 540m, latitude 34 degrees ,14' n 46 degrees, 9' e) in western part of i ...201223885430
[fitness of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) populations with different levels of susceptibility to the thiametoxam insecticide].in two field-collected populations of de bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype previously selected with the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam (neo-r, neo-n), and a population susceptible to insecticides (susc), the level of response to the insecticide thiametoxam, as well as the life and fertility tables were determined. at lc95, the neo-r population showed a resistance ratio (rr95) value of 8.8-fold, an intrinsic rate of increase (r m) of 0.72. the fitness of the neo-r and neo-n populations ...201220676518
using drosophila melanogaster to validate metabolism-based insecticide resistance from insect pests.identifying molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance is important for preserving insecticide efficacy, developing new insecticides and implementing insect control. the metabolic detoxification of insecticides is a widespread resistance mechanism. enzymes with the potential to detoxify insecticides are commonly encoded by members of the large cytochrome p450, glutathione s-transferase and carboxylesterase gene families, all rapidly evolving in insects. here, we demonstrate that the model in ...201223023059
biological invasions of geminiviruses: case study of tylcv and bemisia tabaci in reunion island.in the last 20 years, molecular ecology approaches have proven to be extremely useful to identify and assess factors associated with viral emerging diseases, particularly in economically and socially important tropical crops such as maize (maize streak disease) and cassava (cassava mosaic disease). molecular ecology approaches were applied in reunion island to analyze the epidemic of tomato yellow leaf curl disease, which has been affecting the island since the end of the 1990s. before the invas ...201223235470
whitefly population dynamics and evaluation of whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-resistant tomato genotypes as whitefly and tylcv reservoirs.sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), and whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are major threats to tomato production in the southeastern united states. tylcv was introduced to florida from the caribbean islands and has spread to other southern states of the united states. in georgia, in recent years, the incidence of tylcv has been steadily increasing. studies were conducted to monitor population dynamics of whiteflies in the vegetable production belt of georgi ...201222928328
a developmentally regulated lipocalin-like gene is overexpressed in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant tomato plants upon virus inoculation, and its silencing abolishes resistance.to discover genes involved in tomato resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), we previously compared cdna libraries from susceptible (s) and resistant (r) tomato lines. among the genes preferentially expressed in r plants and upregulated by tylcv infection was a gene encoding a lipocalin-like protein. this gene was termed solanum lycopersicum virus resistant/susceptible lipocalin (slvrslip). the slvrslip structural gene sequence of r and s plants was identical. slvrslip was expressed ...201222843056
upregulation of temperature susceptibility in bemisia tabaci upon acquisition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv).acquisition of plant viruses has various effects on physiological mechanisms in vector insects. bemisia tabaci is the only known vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which is a serious virus affecting tomato cultivars. in this study, the lifespan of q1 biotype was compared between non-viruliferous (nv) and tylcv-viruliferous (v) whiteflies. total lifespan from egg to adult death of nv whiteflies was 62.54 days but 10.64 days shorter in v whiteflies. we investigated the temperature su ...201222841829
rapid spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china is aided differentially by two invasive whiteflies.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was introduced into china in 2006, approximately 10 years after the introduction of an invasive whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) b biotype. even so the distribution and prevalence of tylcv remained limited, and the economic damage was minimal. following the introduction of q biotype into china in 2003, the prevalence and spread of tylcv started to accelerate. this has lead to the hypothesis that the two biotypes might not be equally competent vectors of tylc ...201222514670
acylsucrose-producing tomato plants forces bemisia tabaci to shift its preferred settling and feeding site.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (genn.) causes dramatic damage to plants by transmitting yield-limiting virus diseases. previous studies proved that the tomato breeding line abl 14-8 was resistant to b. tabaci, the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd). this resistance is based on the presence of type iv glandular trichomes and acylsucrose production. these trichomes deter settling and probing of b. tabaci in abl 14-8, which reduces primary and secondary spread of tylcd.201222427950
enhanced vitellogenesis in a whitefly via feeding on a begomovirus-infected plant.the meam1 (b biotype) bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is one of the most widespread and damaging whitefly cryptic species. our previous studies discovered that the meam1 whitefly indirectly benefits from interactions with the tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv) via accelerated ovarian development and increased fecundity. however, the physiological mechanism of begomoviruse-infected plants acting on the reproduction of the insect vector was unknown.201222937062
eggplant mild leaf mottle virus (emlmv), a new putative member of the genus ipomovirus that harbors an hc-pro gene.since 2003, a new viral disease of eggplant (solanum melongena l.) has been spreading in fields in the jordan and arava valleys, israel. the symptoms of this disease include mild leaf mottling and varying degrees of fruit distortion. this disease can be transmitted by mechanical sap inoculation, as well as by the whitefly bemisia tabaci (homoptera, aleyrodidae) and has been tentatively named eggplant mild leaf mottle virus (emlmv). our study aimed to determine the complete sequence and genome or ...201222086504
analysis of the tomato mild mottle virus genome indicates that it is the most divergent member of the genus ipomovirus (family potyviridae).the complete genome of a tomato mild mottle virus (tommv) isolate was analysed, and some biological features were characterized. the ssrna genome of tommv from ethiopia encompasses 9283 nucleotides (excluding the 3' poly(a) tail) and encodes a polyprotein of 3011 amino acids. phylogenetic and pairwise comparisons with other members of the family potyviridae revealed that tommv is the most divergent member of the genus ipomovirus, with a genome organization similar to that of members of the speci ...201222080188
role of betasatellite in the pathogenesis of a bipartite begomovirus affecting tomato in india.betasatellites are commonly associated with tomato leaf curl disease caused by begomoviruses in india. this study demonstrates the role of a betasatellite in the pathogenesis of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv), a bipartite begomovirus affecting tomato in india. for infection, accumulation, systemic movement and disease induction by tolcndv, co-infection by the associated betasatellite was not essential, as the dna a alone of tolcndv could infect tomato and nicotiana benthamiana and in ...201222418785
molecular studies on the transmission of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) in cassava by bemisia tabaci and cloning of icmv and slcmv replicase gene from cassava.cassava mosaic disease, caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses are transmitted by bemisia tabaci. the b. tabaci adults from colonies reared on virus free cassava plant produced from apical meristem culture was studied to determine their ability to transmit indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) from cassava to cassava. virus free plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using geminivirus degenerate primers. the virus acquisition access peri ...201222302313
pepino mosaic virus and tomato torrado virus: two emerging viruses affecting tomato crops in the mediterranean basin.the molecular biology, epidemiology, and evolutionary dynamics of pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) are much better understood than those of tomato torrado virus (totv). the earliest descriptions of pepmv suggest a recent jump from nontomato species (e.g., pepino; solanum muricatum) to tomato (solanum lycopersicum). its stability in contaminated plant tissues, its transmission through seeds, and the global trade of tomato seeds and fruits may have facilitated the global spread of pepmv. stability and ...201222682177
large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance.the refuge strategy is used worldwide to delay the evolution of pest resistance to insecticides that are either sprayed or produced by transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops. this strategy is based on the idea that refuges of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide promote survival of susceptible pests. despite widespread adoption of this approach, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. here we tested the refuge strategy with 8 y of data on refuge ...201222215605
factors affecting population dynamics of maternally transmitted endosymbionts in bemisia tabaci.while every individual of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) harbors the primary symbiont (p-symbiont) portiera, the infection frequencies of the six secondary symbionts (s-symbionts) including hamiltonella, arsenophonus, cardinium, wolbachia, rickettsia and fritschea vary greatly among different populations. to characterize the factors influencing the infection dynamics of the six s-symbionts in b. tabaci, gene-specific pcr were conducted to screen for the presence of the p-symbiont portie ...201222383972
biological control strategies for the south american tomato moth (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) in greenhouse tomatoes.the south american tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta (meyrick) has been introduced into new geographic areas, including the mediterranean region, where it has become a serious threat to tomato production. three greenhouse trials conducted in tomato crops during 2009 and 2010 explored control strategies using the egg-parasitoid trichogramma achaeae nagaraja and nagarkatti compared with chemical control. the effectiveness of the predator nesidiocoris tenuis (reuter) was also tested. in greenhouses wit ...201223356074
high efficient of females of b-type bemisia tabaci as males in transmitting the whitefly-borne tomato yellow leaf curl virus to tomato plant with q-pcr method confirmation.it has been previously reported that tylcv can be transmitted from viruliferous males to non-viruliferous females and from viruliferous females to non-viruliferous males, but not between insects of the same sex; female whiteflies transmit tylcv-is with higher efficiency than males through symptoms recognition and viral dna identification in tomato test plants (one insect per plant, with 48 h aap and 48 h iap). however, it remains unclear whether non-infected female and male could obtain same vir ...201223336021
[effects of calcium fertilizer on the development, survival, and feeding of b-biotype bemisia tabaci on euphorbia pulcherrima].this paper studied the development, survival, and feeding of b-biotype bemisia tabaci on euphorbia pulcherrima under the conditions of 26 +/- 1 degrees c and 60% - 80% relative humidity after applying calcium fertilizer, taking applying fresh water as the control. there existed significant differences in the developmental duration of b. tabaci between treatment applying calcium fertilizer and the control. after applying calcium fertilizer, the egg stage of b. tabaci shortened significantly, and ...201223286011
suppression of terpenoid synthesis in plants by a virus promotes its mutualism with vectors.vectors often perform better on plants infected with pathogens, and this promotes the spread of pathogens. however, few studies have examined how plant defensive compounds mediate such mutualistic relationships. although tobacco plants are relatively poor host plants for the whitefly bemisia tabaci, tobacco's suitability to the whitefly was substantially increased when infected by the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl china virus. the change in suitability was associated with induced terpenoid ...201223279824
time-dose-mortality data and modeling for the entomopathogenic fungus aschersonia placenta against the whitefly bemisia tabaci.the fungus aschersonia placenta fjsm was evaluated for control of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. bemisia tabaci nymphs (1st-4th instars) on tomato plants in the greenhouse (25-27 °c, 70%-85% relative humidity) were sprayed with suspensions containing 0, 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) a. placenta fjsm conidia/ml. mortality of fungus-treated 1st to 3rd instar nymphs ranged from 93% to 100% but was <25% for 4th instar nymphs; the fungus sporulated from 70% to 80% of the fungus-tre ...201223461516
pyrosequencing the bemisia tabaci transcriptome reveals a highly diverse bacterial community and a robust system for insecticide resistance.bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a phloem-feeding insect poised to become one of the major insect pests in open field and greenhouse production systems throughout the world. the high level of resistance to insecticides is a main factor that hinders continued use of insecticides for suppression of b. tabaci. despite its prevalence, little is known about b. tabaci at the genome level. to fill this gap, an invasive b. tabaci b biotype was subjected to pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analysis to ide ...201222558125
implication of bemisia tabaci heat shock protein 70 in begomovirus-whitefly interactions.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a major cosmopolitan pest capable of feeding on hundreds of plant species and transmits several major plant viruses. the most important and widespread viruses vectored by b. tabaci are in the genus begomovirus, an unusual group of plant viruses owing to their small, single-stranded dna genome and geminate particle morphology. b. tabaci transmits begomoviruses in a persistent circulative nonpropagative manner. evidence suggests that the whitefly vector e ...201223015709
agroinoculation of the cloned infectious cdnas of lettuce chlorosis virus results in systemic plant infection and production of whitefly transmissible virions.lettuce chlorosis virus (lcv) is a single stranded, positive strand rna virus that is solely transmitted by specific whitefly vectors (bemisia tabaci biotypes a and b) but not by mechanical leaf-rub inoculation. the roles of viral encoded proteins involved in the infection cycle of lcv have not yet been characterized due to the lack of reverse genetic tools. we present here a report of the successful development of an agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system for the cloned cdna constructs of lc ...201222926259
transovarial transmission of rickettsia spp. and organ-specific infection of the whitefly bemisia tabaci.the whitefly bemisia tabaci is a cosmopolitan insect pest that harbors portiera aleyrodidarum, the primary obligatory symbiotic bacterium, and several facultative secondary symbionts. secondary symbionts in b. tabaci are generally associated with the bacteriome, ensuring their vertical transmission; however, rickettsia is an exception and occupies most of the body cavity, except the bacteriome. the mode of rickettsia transfer between generations and its subcellular localization in insect organs ...201222660706
transcriptomic analysis of the salivary glands of an invasive whitefly.some species of the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex cause tremendous losses to crops worldwide through feeding directly and virus transmission indirectly. the primary salivary glands of whiteflies are critical for their feeding and virus transmission. however, partly due to their tiny size, research on whitefly salivary glands is limited and our knowledge on these glands is scarce.201222745728
inactivation of wolbachia reveals its biological roles in whitefly host.the whitefly bemisia tabaci is cryptic species complex composed of numerous species. individual species from the complex harbor a diversity of bacterial endosymbionts including wolbachia. however, while wolbachia is known to have a number of different roles, its role in b. tabaci is unclear. here, the antibiotic rifampicin is used to selectively eliminate wolbachia from b. tabaci so as to enable its roles in whitefly development and reproduction to be explored. the indirect effects of wolbachia ...201223144739
oral toxicity of photorhabdus culture media on gene expression of the adult sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci.the oral toxicity of culture media of the symbiotic bacteria, photorhabdus temperata, mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis megidis and photorhabdus luminescens ssp. laumondii (tt01) mutually associated with heterorhabditis bacteriophora, were investigated in the adults of bemisia tabaci. the oral ingestion of sucrose diet solutions (20%) containing bacteria-free supernatant of the culture media from symbiotic bacteria gradually increased mortalities and was complete ...201222041203
Sweepoviruses cause disease in sweet potato and related Ipomoea spp.: fulfilling Koch's postulates for a divergent group in the genus begomovirus.Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and related Ipomoea species are frequently infected by monopartite begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), known as sweepoviruses. Unlike other geminiviruses, the genomes of sweepoviruses have been recalcitrant to rendering infectious clones to date. Thus, Koch's postulates have not been fullfilled for any of the viruses in this group. Three novel species of sweepoviruses have recently been described in Spain: Sweet potato leaf curl Lanzarote virus ...201122073314
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