Publications

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most paralympians inspire, but others cheat. 200818779526
deliberate practice and acquisition of expert performance: a general overview.traditionally, professional expertise has been judged by length of experience, reputation, and perceived mastery of knowledge and skill. unfortunately, recent research demonstrates only a weak relationship between these indicators of expertise and actual, observed performance. in fact, observed performance does not necessarily correlate with greater professional experience. expert performance can, however, be traced to active engagement in deliberate practice (dp), where training (often designed ...200818778378
a paradoxical signal intensity increase in fatty livers using opposed-phase gradient echo imaging with fat-suppression pulses.with the increase in obese and overweight children, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become more prevalent in the pediatric population. appreciating subtleties of magnetic resonance (mr) signal intensity behavior from fatty livers under different imaging conditions thus becomes important to pediatric radiologists. we report an initially confusing signal behavior-increased signal from fatty livers when fat-suppression pulses are applied in an opposed-phase gradient echo imaging sequence-and s ...200818677467
quantum private queries.we propose a cheat sensitive quantum protocol to perform a private search on a classical database which is efficient in terms of communication complexity. it allows a user to retrieve an item from the database provider without revealing which item he or she retrieved: if the provider tries to obtain information on the query, the person querying the database can find it out. the protocol ensures also perfect data privacy of the database: the information that the user can retrieve in a single quer ...200818643478
the role of meaning in contextual cueing: evidence from chess expertise.in contextual cueing, the position of a search target is learned over repeated exposures to a visual display. the strength of this effect varies across stimulus types. for example, real-world scene contexts give rise to larger search benefits than contexts composed of letters or shapes. we investigated whether such differences in learning can be at least partially explained by the degree of semantic meaning associated with a context independently of the nature of the visual information available ...200818609364
a doping sinner is not always a cheat. 200818606830
receptor webs: can the chunking theory tell us more about it?fundamental concepts shared by several classes of ionotropic and metabotropic cell surface receptors, such as receptor mosaic, cooperation, clustering, propensity to oligomerize, all finding expression in the dynamically structured mosaic membrane, will be revisited here in the light of the "combinatorial receptor web model" and the unifying information-processing mechanism defined as "chunking theory". particularly the ubiquitous and phylogenetically most ancient p2 receptors for extracellular ...200818597852
the effect of susceptibility of gadolinium contrast media on diffusion-weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient.the development of parallel magnetic resonance imaging has resulted in the frequent use of diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi) in clinical medicine, which usually involves the use of contrast medium. however, gadolinium (gd) contrast medium may have some effect on dwi and the apparent diffusion coefficient (adc). the present study was performed to determine whether the magnetic susceptibility of contrast medium alters the dwi signal and the value of adc in some imaging techniques.200818572122
why good thoughts block better ones: the mechanism of the pernicious einstellung (set) effect.the einstellung (set) effect occurs when the first idea that comes to mind, triggered by familiar features of a problem, prevents a better solution being found. it has been shown to affect both people facing novel problems and experts within their field of expertise. we show that it works by influencing mechanisms that determine what information is attended to. having found one solution, expert chess players reported that they were looking for a better one. but their eye movements showed that th ...200818565505
a framework for addressing the global obesity epidemic locally: the child health ecological surveillance system (chess).childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in the developed world. recent research and commentary suggest that an ecological approach is required to address childhood obesity, given the multidimensional nature of the problem. we propose a canadian prototype, the child health ecological surveillance system, for a regional health authority to address the growing obesity epidemic. this prototype could potentially be used in other jurisdictions to address other child health issues. we present 8 g ...200818558045
internet-based interactive support for cancer patients: are integrated systems better?to compare the benefits of the internet generally versus a focused system of services, 257 breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to a control group, access to the internet with links to high-quality breast cancer sites, or access to an ehealth system (comprehensive health enhancement support system, chess) that integrated information, support, and decision and analysis tools. the intervention lasted 5 months, and self-report data on quality of life, health-care competence, and social sup ...200821804645
patient/caregiver influences for declining participation in supportive oncology trials.enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of patients and caregivers is difficult, and this difficulty significantly impedes investigation of this important research area. we report reasons that patients or their informal caregivers declined to participate in one of two randomized, longitudinal clinical trials testing the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess), a web-based information and support scheme for people with advance ...200818491685
mental imagery and chunks: empirical and computational findings.to investigate experts' imagery in chess, players were required to recall briefly presented positions in which pieces were placed on the intersections between squares (intersection positions). position types ranged from game positions to positions in which both the piece distribution and the location were randomized. simulations were run with the chrest model (gobet & simon, 2000). the simulations assumed that pieces had to be centered back, one by one, to the middle of the squares in the mind's ...200818491491
mirrors in the head: cultural variation in objective self-awareness.in a society where there are pronounced concerns for "face," people come to be especially focused on how they are being evaluated by others. we reasoned that japanese should conceive of themselves in terms of how they think they are considered by others. this hypothesis was tested by contrasting japanese and north american participants who were in front of a mirror with those who were not. in two studies, replicating past research, north americans who were in front of a mirror were more self-cri ...200818453391
did mendel cheat? 200818444601
deliberate practice predicts performance over time in adolescent chess players and drop-outs: a linear mixed models analysis.in this study, the longitudinal relation between deliberate practice and performance in chess was examined using a linear mixed models analysis. the practice activities and performance ratings of young elite chess players, who were either in, or had dropped out of the dutch national chess training, were analysed since they had started playing chess seriously. the results revealed that deliberate practice (i.e. serious chess study alone and serious chess play) strongly contributed to chess perfor ...200818433518
applying user-generated quality criteria to develop an internet intervention for patients with heart disease.internet interventions can help people to self-manage chronic disease. however, they are only likely to be used if they meet patients' perceived needs. we have developed an internet intervention in two stages to meet the needs of patients with coronary heart disease (chd). first, user-generated criteria were applied to an existing us-based intervention called 'chess living with heart disease' which provides information, emotional and social support, self-assessment and monitoring tools, and beha ...200818430276
staff engagement: it starts with the leader.* nursing cannot grow stronger unless we can recruit and sustain a cadre of engaged, spirited, and involved leaders. * the body is designed to work most effectively in a series of 90-minute increments with a recovery time in between. * the science of leadership/management can be seen as a game of chess where the pieces can move in all directions all over the board based on the uniqueness of each player. * creating an optimistic culture where people feel they have hope and freedom to grow and mat ...200818429544
the early childhood epilepsy severity scale (e-chess).we have developed the early childhood epilepsy severity scale (e-chess) to quantify the severity of epilepsy in infants and young children with tuberous sclerosis as an aid to the evaluation of treatment efficacy and the investigation of the influence of epilepsy severity on development.200818387786
dilemma that cannot be resolved by biased quantum coin flipping.we show that a biased quantum coin flip (qcf) cannot provide the performance of a black-boxed biased coin flip, if it satisfies some fidelity conditions. although such a qcf satisfies the security conditions of a biased coin flip, it does not realize the ideal functionality and, therefore, does not satisfy the demands for universally composable security. moreover, through a comparison within a small restricted bias range, we show that an arbitrary qcf is distinguishable from a black-boxed coin f ...200818352530
changes in salivary physiological stress markers associated with winning and losing.using a representative table game popular in japan known as shogi, or japanese chess, we investigated the effects of winning and losing on saliva composition. the subjects were 90 healthy male university students who were members of a shogi club. saliva samples were collected immediately before and after playing shogi, and again 30 min later. salivary cortisol and testosterone levels in the samples were determined by elisa and eia, respectively. after finishing each game, the competitiveness of ...200818344597
genetic royal cheats in leaf-cutting ant societies.social groups are vulnerable to cheating because the reproductive interests of group members are rarely identical. all cooperative systems are therefore predicted to involve a mix of cooperative and cheating genotypes, with the frequency of the latter being constrained by the suppressive abilities of the former. the most significant potential conflict in social insect colonies is over which individuals become reproductive queens rather than sterile workers. this reproductive division of labor is ...200818339809
season of birth and chess expertise.the origin of talent and expertise is currently the subject of intense debate, with explanations ranging from purely biological to purely environmental. this report shows that the population of expert chess players in the northern hemisphere shows a seasonal pattern, with an excess of births in late winter and early spring. this effect remains when taking into account the distribution of births in the population at large, using statistics from the european union member countries. a similar patte ...200818335581
structure analysis of the children's eating attitudes test in overweight and at-risk for overweight children and adolescents.in school-based samples of children, the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) has a four-factor structure; however, previous studies have not examined its factor structure in samples restricted to overweight youth.200818329601
students find out that bacteria can cheat too. 200818272998
inflexibility of experts--reality or myth? quantifying the einstellung effect in chess masters.how does the knowledge of experts affect their behaviour in situations that require unusual methods of dealing? one possibility, loosely originating in research on creativity and skill acquisition, is that an increase in expertise can lead to inflexibility of thought due to automation of procedures. yet another possibility, based on expertise research, is that experts' knowledge leads to flexibility of thought. we tested these two possibilities in a series of experiments using the einstellung (s ...200817418112
'i want to lose weight': early risk for disordered eating?the present study examined the risk of disordered eating and its relation to attempts to lose weight by surveying a maritime canadian sample of 247 girls and boys in grades 6, 7 and 8. current attempts to lose weight were highest in grade 8 girls (41% of girls and 9% of boys) compared with grade 6 (14% of girls and 24% of boys) and grade 7 (21% of girls and 13% of boys) children. of those trying to lose weight, 71.4% were in the average range for weight and height, 12.2% were overweight and 16.3 ...200819183713
left lateralization in autobiographical memory: an fmri study using the expert archival paradigm.in brain-imaging and behavioral research, studies of autobiographical memory have higher ecological validity than controlled laboratory memory studies. however, they also have less controllability over the variables investigated. this article presents a novel technique - the expert archival paradigm - that increases controllability while maintaining ecological validity. stimuli were created from games played by two international-level chess masters. the two players were asked to perform a memory ...200818205077
facultative cheater mutants reveal the genetic complexity of cooperation in social amoebae.cooperation is central to many major transitions in evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells, multicellularity and eusociality. cooperation can be destroyed by the spread of cheater mutants that do not cooperate but gain the benefits of cooperation from others. however, cooperation can be preserved if cheaters are facultative, cheating others but cooperating among themselves. several cheater mutants have been studied before, but no study has attempted a genome-scale investigation o ...200818272966
novel transcriptome patterns accompany evolutionary restoration of defective social development in the bacterium myxococcus xanthus.evolutionary trait losses can be restored by direct reversion or by compensatory pathways. upon starvation, the bacterium myxococcus xanthus develops into spore-bearing fruiting bodies, but this ability can be rapidly lost during evolution. some developmentally defective strains of m. xanthus "cheat" on proficient strains during development by superior sporulation in mixed cultures. here, we examine transcriptomic patterns accompanying the evolution of a cheater (obligate cheater [oc]) to a deve ...200818385222
the effects of dynamic movement on seated reach arcs.the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between movement of the low back and shoulder during a normal seated reach and the reach arc estimation equations found in literature. the method consisted of evaluating individuals who were reaching with their right hands for five chess pawns, which were placed at varying distances. specifically, the pawns were evenly spaced in a straight line directly in front of each participant's shoulder. this study focused on a group of 32 parti ...200818432446
fetal-maternal conflict, trophoblast invasion, preeclampsia, and the red queen.the much publicized conflict hypothesis for understanding fetal-maternal interaction during pregnancy often invokes a 'battle' metaphor, rather than a well orchestrated interplay occurring as a series of well controlled moves and counter-moves as happens in a game of chess. such stepwise interaction is particularly obvious in the spiral artery remodelling process, and it would be interesting to trace the history of the successive steps in histological adaptation throughout primate phylogeny. the ...200818484423
improvement of vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography of the brain.to improve vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography (tof-mra) by careful consideration of coil choice, coil position, and frequency offset and profile of the nonspatially selective chemical shift selective (chess) presaturation pulse.200818504756
nicolae c. paulescu--scientist and politician.the question of who discovered insulin is controversial. one of the scientists working on pancreas extracts was nicolae paulescu, the so-called forgotten man. in addition to his scientific research he was also active in politics. he was the father of the virulent antisemitic fascist movement "garda de fer" in romania; he raved against the "jewish peril," claimed in his writings that the jews are a genetically degenerate people trying to cheat and poison the rumanian people by alcoholism, and mor ...200818751624
reproducible mri measurement of adipose tissue volumes in genetic and dietary rodent obesity models.to develop ratio mri [lipid/(lipid+water)] methods for assessing lipid depots and compare measurement variability with biological differences among lean controls (spontaneously hypertensive rats [shrs]), dietary obese rats (shr-dos), and genetic/dietary obese rats (shrobs).200818821617
striatum and pre-sma facilitate decision-making under time pressure.human decision-making almost always takes place under time pressure. when people are engaged in activities such as shopping, driving, or playing chess, they have to continually balance the demands for fast decisions against the demands for accurate decisions. in the cognitive sciences, this balance is thought to be modulated by a response threshold, the neural substrate of which is currently subject to speculation. in a speed decision-making experiment, we presented participants with cues that i ...200818981414
dental students' class attitudes: a four year study.students in a professional school develop class attitudes that may differ from their individual attitudes and from the educational ideals of faculty. they may be affected positively through the cooperation engendered by the shared attitudes. however, the shared attitudes may be detrimental to student learning. peer pressure may encourage average performance and unacceptable methods of acquiring information. a survey of class attitudes was designed and administered to the class of 1988 at louisia ...20082600320
perceptual learning and human expertise.we consider perceptual learning: experience-induced changes in the way perceivers extract information. often neglected in scientific accounts of learning and in instruction, perceptual learning is a fundamental contributor to human expertise and is crucial in domains where humans show remarkable levels of attainment, such as language, chess, music, and mathematics. in section 2, we give a brief history and discuss the relation of perceptual learning to other forms of learning. we consider in sec ...200820416846
the chess method of forensic opinion formulation: striving to checkmate bias.expert witnesses use various methods to render dispassionate opinions. some forensic psychiatrists acknowledge bias up front; other experts use principles endorsed by the american academy of psychiatry and the law or other professional organizations. this article introduces chess, a systematic method for reducing bias in expert opinions. the chess method involves identifying a claim or preliminary opinion; developing a hierarchy of supporting evidence; examining the evidence for weaknesses or ar ...200819092072
erbb antagonists patenting: "playing chess with cancer".erbbs signalling is always associated with the development of the majority of solid cancers via both the mapk pathway leading to cell cycle progression and the pi3k pathway causing cell survival. as a consequence, many erbb antagonists have been developed and patented for cancer treatment purposes. these antagonists belong to two drug classes: monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and small molecules competing with atp and inhibiting the tyrosine kinase domain (tkis). three patented mabs are currently ap ...200819075865
estimated age effects in athletic events and chess.rates of decline are estimated using record bests by age for chess and for various track and field, road running, and swimming events. using a fairly flexible functional form, the estimates show linear percent decline between age 35 and about age 70 and then quadratic decline after that. chess shows much less decline than the physical activities. rates of decline are generally larger for the longer distances, and for swimming they are larger for women than for men. an advantage of using best-per ...200817132563
[modification of one-stage urethral plastic surgery by hodgson iii in proximal hypospadia in boys].from 1996 to 1999 45 boys with proximal hypospadia (ph) aged 8 months to 15 years were operated according to modified one-stage urethral plastic operation according to hodgson iii for correction of complicated ph. 23 of them were untreated and 22 were surgically treated with unsatisfactory results. corpus hypospadia with gross deformity of the cavernous bodies was observed in 15 patients. 12 and 18 boys had corpus-scrotal and scrotal hypospadia, respectively. urethral plasty was carried out by d ...200811186322
[testing of visual function by the evoked potential method before and after surgical treatment of optico-chiasmal arachnoiditis].dynamics of changes of visual evoked potentials recorded in patients with optico-chiasmatic arachnoiditis in response to a flash of light were revealed during restoration of visual function in the postoperative period. in improvement of visual functions no changes were found of evoked potentials recorded in a chess pattern in the immediate postoperative period.20083564794
the problem of the identical twin as reflected in a masochistic compulsion to cheat. 200713640763
[the meaning of chess in a case of autism]. 200713466618
patients unhappy, aha/picker say.the american hospital association and the picker institute say americans want more information and empowerment from their providers. fully one-third of those surveyed by the organizations say they have problems getting answers to important health-related questions. marketers need to reconsider their own assessments of patient satisfaction and get patients more information. chess, a computerized information-distribution package, provides one elegant--and cost-saving--example.200710165821
chess: the comprehensive health enhancement support system. a computer based program for patients and families. 200710614238
[studies on cerebral visual evoked potentials in the differential diagnosis of macular edema and obscration amblyopia in children with artiphakia].the cerebral cortex visual evoked potentials (vep) to chess pattern reversion have been examined in 41 healthy children (41 eyes) and in 25 children (25 eyes) with artiphakia after traumatic cataract extraction, with macular edemas (me) in 12 of these and obscuration amblyopia (oa) in 13. comparison of the amplitude-time parameters of the vep and of treir relationship with the cell size and the chess pattern contrast has shown a characteristic feature of me, i. e. an increased peak latency (pl) ...20072728165
the role of domain-specific practice, handedness, and starting age in chess.the respective roles of the environment and innate talent have been a recurrent question for research into expertise. the authors investigated markers of talent, environment, and critical period for the acquisition of expert performance in chess. argentinian chess players (n = 104), ranging from weak amateurs to grandmasters, completed a questionnaire measuring variables including individual and group practice, starting age, and handedness. the study reaffirms the importance of practice for reac ...200717201516
evolution of robotic arms.the foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. this is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with emphasis on surgical applications. we have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. there is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dextrous devices, more degrees-of-freedom, and capabilities beyond the h ...200725484945
the effects of time pressure on chess skill: an investigation into fast and slow processes underlying expert performance.the ability to play chess is generally assumed to depend on two types of processes: slow processes such as search, and fast processes such as pattern recognition. it has been argued that an increase in time pressure during a game selectively hinders the ability to engage in slow processes. here we study the effect of time pressure on expert chess performance in order to test the hypothesis that compared to weak players, strong players depend relatively heavily on fast processes. in the first stu ...200717186308
social and family correlates of eating problems and muscle preoccupation in young adolescents.this study examined the unique contribution of a number of social and familial factors to body change strategies and eating problems in youths. a sample of non-clinical adolescents aged 10 to 16 years (n=405) completed a modified version of the children's eating attitudes test (cheat) and questionnaires for measuring various social and familial factors that may play a role in the etiology of eating problems and muscle preoccupation. regression analyses indicated that specific eating disorder-rel ...200717174855
response of fish and macroinvertebrate bioassessment indices to water chemistry in a mined appalachian watershed.multimetric indices based on fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are commonly used to assess the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. however, their response to specific stressors is rarely known. we quantified the response of a fish-based index (mid-atlantic highlands index of biotic integrity, mah-ibi) and a benthic invertebrate-based index (west virginia stream condition index, wv-sci) to acid mine drainage (amd)-related stressors in 46 stream sites within the cheat river wa ...200717387548
developmental considerations in measuring children's disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.this study examined the discriminant ability of the children's version of the eating attitudes test (cheat) clinical cut-off in a low/low-middle socioeconomic status, non-clinical sample of primarily hispanic and non-hispanic white (caucasian) girls aged 8 to 12. we investigated how age, age-standardized body mass index (z-bmi), body dissatisfaction, body esteem, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms contributed to disordered eating status in 152 girls. girls scoring at/above the cheat clinical c ...200717336792
participation rates and the difference in performance of women and men in chess.the superiority of men over women in chess has been cited as evidence that there are fundamental differences in male and female intelligence (howard, 2005a, 2006; irwing & lynn, 2005). an alternative interpretation of the difference is that it is due to differential male and female participation rates in chess (charness & gerchak, 1996; bilalić & mcleod, 2006; chabris & glickman, in press). this has been dismissed by howard (2006) on the grounds that changes in the difference in skill level betw ...200717331269
cheating prevention in visual cryptography.visual cryptography (vc) is a method of encrypting a secret image into shares such that stacking a sufficient number of shares reveals the secret image. shares are usually presented in transparencies. each participant holds a transparency. most of the previous research work on vc focuses on improving two parameters: pixel expansion and contrast. in this paper, we studied the cheating problem in vc and extended vc. we considered the attacks of malicious adversaries who may deviate from the scheme ...200717283763
student plagiarism and professional practice.with the ever-increasing availability and accessibility of the internet, students are able to access a multitude of resources in support of their studies. however, this has also led to an increase in their ability to cheat through plagiarising text and claiming it as their own. increased pressures of balancing work and study have contributed to this rise. not only confined to the student population, some academics are also guilty of engaging in this practice providing a less than favourable role ...200716624455
individual differences in chess expertise: a psychometric investigation.starting from controversies over the role of general individual characteristics (especially intelligence) for the attainment of expert performance levels, a comprehensive psychometric investigation of individual differences in chess expertise is presented. a sample of 90 adult tournament chess players of varying playing strengths (1311-2387 elo) was screened with tests on intelligence and personality variables; in addition, experience in chess play, tournament participation, and practice activit ...200716942740
doctor-patient relationship as motivation and outcome: examining uses of an interactive cancer communication system.to examine how the pre-existing doctor-patient relationship predicts conceptually distinct service use within an interactive cancer communication system (iccs) for underserved women with breast cancer and in turn how service utilization influences the doctor-patient relationship.200716460995
fat-saturated diffusion-weighted imaging of the rat pelvis using three-dimensional mp-rage mr sequence.in this work we report on the development of a novel technique for fat-saturated three-dimensional (3d) diffusion-weighted (dw) mri sequence based upon 3d magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3d-mp-rage). in order to saturate fat, two kinds of procedures were competed chess-dw-3d-mp-rage sequence (chess-3d-dwi) and dw-3d-mp-we-rage sequence (we-3d-dwi) "chemical shift selective: chess method vs. water-excitation: we method". the chess-3d-dwi sequence and we-3d-dwi sequence were compared i ...200718002386
high relatedness selects against hypermutability in bacterial metapopulations.mutation rate and cooperation have important ecological and evolutionary consequences and, moreover, can affect pathogen virulence. while hypermutability accelerates adaptation to novel environments, hypermutable lineages ('mutators') are selected against in well-adapted populations. using the model organism pseudomonas aeruginosa, we previously demonstrated a further potential disadvantage to hypermutability, namely, that it can accelerate the breakdown of cooperation. we now investigate how th ...200717374597
feedback quality and environmentally friendly use of domestic central heating systems.the study examined the influence of system-embedded feedback on user behaviour during the environmentally friendly operation of a central heating system. a pc-based simulation, called chess, was developed to model the critical features of a central heating system. after having received 30 min of training on the simulation task, 60 participants worked on a series of operational scenarios under different levels of system feedback. in addition to the collection of various performance measures (e.g. ...200717457742
high relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants.the control of cheating is important for understanding major transitions in evolution, from the simplest genes to the most complex societies. cooperative systems can be ruined if cheaters that lower group productivity are able to spread. kin-selection theory predicts that high genetic relatedness can limit cheating, because separation of cheaters and cooperators limits opportunities to cheat and promotes selection against low-fitness groups of cheaters. here, we confirm this prediction for the s ...200717496139
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant clostridium perfringens beta 2-toxin.clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. the virulence of c. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta2-toxin is a 28 kda exotoxin produced by c. perfringens. it is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. the recombinant express ...200717554168
the making of an expert.popular lore tells us that genius is born, not made. scientific research, on the other hand, reveals that true expertise is mainly the product of years of intense practice and dedicated coaching. ordinary practice is not enough: to reach elite levels of performance, you need to constantly push yourself beyond your abilities and comfort level. such discipline is the key to becoming an expert in all domains, including management and leadership. those are the conclusions reached by ericsson, a prof ...200717642130
the role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development.the potential role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development was brought into focus by gene expression analyses in mice (p dolle, jc izpisua-belmonte, h falkenstein, a renucci, d duboule, nature 1989, 342:767-772), at a time when limb growth and patterning were thought to depend upon two distinct and rather independent systems of coordinates; one for the anterior-to-posterior axis and the other for the proximal-to-distal axis (see d duboule, p dolle, embo j 1989, 8:1497-1505). over the pas ...200717644373
in vivo mri volumetric measurement of prostate regression and growth in mice.mouse models for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer are valuable tools, but assessing the extent of growth of the prostate and particularly its regression due to therapeutic intervention or castration is difficult due to the location, small size and interdigitated anatomy of the prostate gland in situ. temporal monitoring of mouse prostate regression requires multiple animals and examination of histological sections.200717650332
water chemistry-based classification of streams and implications for restoring mined appalachian watersheds.we analyzed seasonal water samples from the cheat and tygart valley river basins, west virginia, usa, in an attempt to classify streams based on water chemistry in this coal-mining region. we also examined temporal variability among water samples. principal component analysis identified two important dimensions of variation in water chemistry. this variation was determined largely by mining-related factors (elevated metals, sulfates, and conductivity) and an alkalinity-hardness gradient. cluster ...200717665675
the influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice.although the importance of high motivation to engage in deliberate practice has been acknowledged, no research has directly tested this hypothesis. therefore, the present study examined this relation in adolescent elite chess players by means of a questionnaire. in addition, to provide an explanation for dropout among promising chess players, differences in motivation between persistent and dropout chess players were analyzed. competitiveness and the will to excel proved to be predictors of inve ...200718089893
[urodynamic test with self reduction of the cystocele in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction].the association of cystocele and urodynamic lower urinary tract obstruction is frequent, occasionally not being possible to rule out intrinsic obstruction of bladder neck and urethra. with the aim to confirm the obstructive character of the cystocele we performed at test consisting in manual reduction of the cystocele by the patient herself, to check if by this simple manoeuvre the urodynamic parameters of obstruction disappear or diminish.200718077862
understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: what role do chunks play?there is a crucial debate concerning the nature of chess chunks: one current possibility states that chunks are built by encoding particular combinations of pieces-on-squares (poss), and that chunks are formed mostly by "close" pieces (in a "euclidean" sense). a complementary hypothesis is that chunks are encoded by abstract, semantic information. this article extends recent experiments and shows that chess players are able to perceive strong similarity between very different positions if the pi ...200721635325
staff engagement: it starts with the leader.nursing cannot grow stronger unless we can recruit and sustain a cadre of engaged, spirited, and involved leaders. the body is designed to work most effectively in a series of 90-minute increments with a recovery time in between. the science of leadership/management can be seen as a game of chess where the pieces can move in all directions all over the board based on the uniqueness of each player. creating an optimistic culture where people feel they have hope and freedom to grow and mature will ...200717990626
brain localization of memory chunks in chessplayers.chess experts store domain-specific representations in their long-term memory; due to the activation of such representations, they perform with high accuracy in tasks that require the maintenance of previously seen information. chunk-based theories of expertise (chunking theory: chase & simon, 1973; template theory: gobet & simon, 1996) state that expertise is acquired mainly by the acquisition and storage in long-term memory of familiar chunks that allow quick recognition. this study tested som ...200717987468
[factors associated with eating behavior in pre-adolescents].the goals of this study are the preliminary spanish adaptation and validation of the following questionnaires: the children's eating attitudes test (cheat), the lawrence self-esteem questionnaire (lawseq) and the body esteem scale (bes). in addition, we studied bodily self-esteem in pre-adolescent children, and their possible relation to certain eating attitudes and general self-esteem. this study is cross-sectional, analytical and observational. the sample was made up of 457 participants, 55.14 ...200717959121
a deliberate practice account of typing proficiency in everyday typists.the concept of deliberate practice was introduced to explain exceptional performance in domains such as music and chess. we apply deliberate practice theory to intermediate-level performance in typing, an activity that many people pursue on a regular basis. sixty university students with several years typing experience participated in laboratory sessions that involved the assessment of abilities, a semistructured interview on typing experience as well as various typing tasks. in line with tradit ...200717924799
integrity of scientific data: transparency of clinical trial data.the integrity of the data from clinical trials and of its use is an essential element of the scientific method, and of the trust one can have in this method. there are many examples of fraud, and they recur regularly. the objective of this round table was to work on the definition of fraud, on its recognition and prevention especially in the institutional system. fraud involves an active decision to cheat, and ranges from trying to hide incompetence to wholesale invention of data, patients or st ...200717803887
[ethical behavioral standards of medical students on examinations and studies].in recent years the medical literature has reflected an increasing interest in the medical ethics of physicians and medical students. studies have shown that cheating in medical school is frequent enough to cause concern, that there is a positive correlation between students' ethical attitude and their ethical behavior and between cheating in school and cheating in patient care.200717760395
blood brain barrier: the role of pyridoxine.the central nervous system (cns) is a closed system guarded by the blood brain barrier (bbb), with a complicated network of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons engaged in selective neurophysiological mechanisms. exploration for a molecule such as a cofactor, hormone, enzyme, signaling molecule, or second messenger (collectively addressed as chess as we proceed), which has the ability to cross the bbb will be the goal of this hypothesis. the ratio of amino acids (aa) to neuro ...200720532028
checkers is solved.the game of checkers has roughly 500 billion billion possible positions (5 x 10(20)). the task of solving the game, determining the final result in a game with no mistakes made by either player, is daunting. since 1989, almost continuously, dozens of computers have been working on solving checkers, applying state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques to the proving process. this paper announces that checkers is now solved: perfect play by both sides leads to a draw. this is the most chal ...200717641166
nonlinear dynamics in combinatorial games: renormalizing chomp.we develop a new approach to combinatorial games that reveals connections between such games and some of the central ideas of nonlinear dynamics: scaling behaviors, complex dynamics and chaos, universality, and aggregation processes. we take as our model system the combinatorial game chomp, which is one of the simplest in a class of "unsolved" combinatorial games that includes chess, checkers, and go. we discover that the game possesses an underlying geometric structure that "grows" (reminiscent ...200717614671
moral hazard, doctors, and absenteism in france. preliminary analysis based on aggregate data.this article provides a simple and preliminary study of variations in the number of days of work lost to illness and injury in france, over time and across jurisdictions. we test the hypothesis that workers use their physicians to cheat the system and increase their leisure time paid for by the sickness fund. firstly, using time series analysis, we check that change in the unemployment rate correlates unequivocally and negatively with the absence rate. we then show, based on geographical aggrega ...200717583459
false promises: females spurn cheating males in a field cricket.females commonly prefer to mate with males that provide greater material benefits, which they often select using correlated male signals. when females select higher-benefit males based on correlated signals, however, males can potentially deceive females by producing exaggerated signals of benefit quality. the handicap mechanism can prevent lower-quality males from producing exaggerated signals, but cannot prevent cheating by higher-quality males that choose to withhold the benefit, and this pos ...200717567551
a multilevel model analysis of expertise in chess across the life span.the authors examined longitudinal change in chess skill using a multilevel model analysis of a large database of active, elite chess players (n = 5,011). parameters estimated from quadratic growth curves indicated that the age of peak performance occurs later in life than originally proposed and that this peak is independent of initial skill level. the findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that aging is slightly kinder to the initially more able, who show milder decline past their pea ...200717563184
the neural network involved in a bimanual tactile-tactile matching discrimination task: a functional imaging study at 3 t.the cerebral and cerebellar network involved in a bimanual object recognition was studied in blood oxygenation dependent level functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri).200717546450
moves management: chess or dancing?major gift professionals have benefited for many years from using the moves management system to help plan and track the activities of the donor cultivation cycle. but what are the implications of this process if it is "played" like a chess game? only by shifting the focus from "chess moves" which are "all about us" to "dance steps" which are "all about them," can we develop close, meaningful and successful relationships with our donors.200717523496
what strategic planning can do for you.whether it's playing chess or planning for retirement, we all have strategies for different situations in our lives. so why not apply, strategies in our practice ? companies such as dell, wal-mart, and home depot have depended on strategic plans to generatel millions of dollars and guide their organizations into the future. although most of our practices are not nearly as large as these companies (except maybe kaiser permanente), formulating strategies for our practice is vital for future growth ...200717494484
smoking cessation via the internet: a randomized clinical trial of an internet intervention as adjuvant treatment in a smoking cessation intervention.internet interventions for smoking cessation are ubiquitous. yet, to date, there are few randomized clinical trials that gauge their efficacy. this study is a randomized clinical trial (n= 284, n= 140 in the treatment group, n= 144 in the control group) of an internet smoking cessation intervention. smokers were randomly assigned to receive either bupropion plus counseling alone, or bupropion and counseling in addition to 12 weeks of access to the comprehensive health enhancement support system ...200617491172
a complete database of international chess players and chess performance ratings for varied longitudinal studies.chess is an oft-used study domain in psychology and artificial intelligence because it is well defined, its performance rating systems allow ea sy identification o f experts and their development, andchess playing is a complex intellectual task however, usable computerized chess data have been very limited. the present article has two aims. the first is to highlight the methodological value of chess data and how researchers can use them to address questions in quite different areas. the second i ...200617393842
determination of pymetrozine residues in cucumber.an experiment was carried out to investigate the residues of pymetrozin in cucumber under field conditions. plots of cucumber (cv. daminus) were sprayed with pymetrozine (chess, wg50) at two different rates; 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha. samples were collected 2 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after spraying and pymetrozin residues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with uv detector. two hours after spraying, the residues was 0.326 mg/kg for 0.5 kg/ha treatment. the residues decreas ...200617390775
comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) for people with hiv infection.we investigated the utility and the pattern of use of the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess), an internet based consumer health informatics system for people living with hiv/aids. eight patients utilized chess for 4 months. the total number of log-ins ranged between 1 and 93 (median 21), with a median of 4.6 per month (0.2-21.8). discussions group was the service most frequently accessed; the referral directory and fat assessment services were requested the least. the barrie ...200616400508
non-invasive temperature imaging with thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (tmdotma-).non-invasive thermometry using hyperfine-shifted mr signals from paramagnetic lanthanide complexes has attracted attention recently because the chemical shifts of these complexes are many times more sensitive to temperature than the water 1h signal. among all the lanthanide complexes examined thus far, thulium tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (tmdotma-) appears to be the most suitable for mr thermometry. in this paper, the feasibility of imaging the methyl 1h sign ...200616404728
superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise.superior cognitive performance can be viewed from an intelligence perspective, emphasising general properties of the human information processing system (such as mental speed and working memory), and from an expertise perspective, highlighting the indispensable role of elaborated domain-specific knowledge and acquired skills. in exploring its neurophysiological basis, recent research has provided considerable evidence of the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence, indicating lower and more ...200616624674
capillary zone electrophoretic determination of phenolic compounds in chess (bromus inermis l.) plant extracts.a simple cze method for quantification of phenolic compounds (vanillin, cinnamic, sinapic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, benzoic, p-coumaric, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, rosmarinic, caffeic, gallic and protocatechuic acids) in less than 10 min using 20 mm sodium tetraborate (ph 9.2) with 5% v/v methanol as a bge and with uv detection at 254 nm is described. the lods (3 s/n) ranged between 0.02 and 0.12 microg/ ml. repeatabilities (rsds) were 0.66-1.8 and 1.56-4.23% for migration times and peak ...200616524108
4. the use and misuse of performance-enhancing substances in sport.doctors need to know if a patient is an athlete subject to drug testing, and to be aware of the legal situation surrounding drugs they prescribe such patients. antidoping laws generally exist in order to provide a safe and fair environment for participation in sport. these laws should prevent and protect athletes from subjecting themselves to health risks through the use of unsafe, but performance-enhancing drugs. because of difficulties in proving intent to cheat, the world anti-doping agency e ...200616460300
iq, visuospatial ability and the gender divide: a reply to bilalić and mcleod.bilalic and mcleod's arguments fall short on several grounds. there are excellent logical reasons to expect strong ability/chess expertise links and specific research evidence to date is sparse, with mixed findings. data are presented from georgia, which has a high female participation rate in chess, which suggest that differing gender motivation levels and participation rates impact relatively little on chess performance differences at the extreme.200616441965
how intellectual is chess? -- a reply to howard.howard's (2005) claim that male dominance in chess is 'consistent with the evolutionary psychology view that males predominate at high achievement levels at least partly because of ability differences' (p. 378) is based on the premise that top level chess skill depends on a high level of iq and visuospatial abilities. this premise is not supported by empirical evidence. in 1927 djakow et al. first showed that world-class chess players do not have exceptional intellectual abilities. this finding ...200616441964
continuously moving table 3d mri with lateral frequency-encoding direction.a method is presented for 3d mri in an extended field of view (fov) based on continuous motion of the patient table and an efficient acquisition scheme. a gradient-echo mr pulse sequence is applied with lateral (left-right (l/r)) frequency-encoding direction and slab selection along the direction of motion. compensation for the table motion is achieved by a combination of slab tracking and data alignment in hybrid space. the method allows fast k-space coverage to be achieved, especially when a s ...200616598723
labile zinc concentration and free copper ion activity in the rhizosphere of forest soils.water-soluble and acid-extractable cu and zn, water-soluble organic carbon (wsoc), ph, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry-labile zn (znl), zn2+ activity (windemere humic aqueous model [wham]; http://chess.ensmp.fr/ chemsites.html), and cu2+ activity with an ion-selective electrode were compared between the rhizosphere and the bulk components of nine acidic forest sites from southeastern canada. at all sites, the wsoc contents were higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk component ...200616566146
multilayer x-ray optics at chess.almost half of the x-ray beamlines at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) are based on multilayer optics. ;traditional' multilayers with an energy resolution of deltae/e approximately 2% are routinely used to deliver x-ray flux enhanced by a factor of 10(2) in comparison with standard si(111) optics. sagittal-focusing multilayers with fixed radius provide an additional factor of 10 gain in flux density. high-resolution multilayer optics with deltae/e approximately 0.2% are now rou ...200616495620
bureaucracy won't change the character of a cheat. 200616482126
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