Publications

active retrotransposons are a common feature of grass genomes.	a large fraction of the genomes of grasses, members of the family graminae, is composed of retrotransposons. these elements resemble animal retroviruses in their structure and possess a life cycle similar to theirs that includes transcription, translation, and integration of daughter copies. we have investigated if retrotransposons are generally transcribed in the grasses and other plants, and whether the various families of elements are translationally and integrationally active in multiple gra ...	2001	11244109
mapping maize sequences to chromosomes using oat-maize chromosome addition materials.	oat- (avena sativa) maize (zea mays) chromosome additions are produced by crossing maize and oat. during early embryo development maize chromosomes are preferentially eliminated, and oat plants are often recovered that retain a single maize chromosome. each of the 10 maize chromosomes recently has been isolated as a separate oat-maize addition. we describe here the mapping of 400 maize sequences to chromosomes using polymerase chain reaction and dna from the oat-maize addition material. fifty of ...	2001	11244104
a complete set of maize individual chromosome additions to the oat genome.	all 10 chromosomes of maize (zea mays, 2n = 2x = 20) were recovered as single additions to the haploid complement of oat (avena sativa, 2n = 6x = 42) among f(1) plants generated from crosses involving three different lines of maize to eight different lines of oat. in vitro rescue culture of more than 4,300 immature f(1) embryos resulted in a germination frequency of 11% with recovery of 379 f(1) plantlets (8.7%) of moderately vigorous growth. some f(1) plants were sectored with distinct chromoso ...	2001	11244103
chemistry and biology of phototropism-regulating substances in higher plants.	most people are familiar with the sight of a young seedling bending towards a window or the brightest source of light to which it is exposed. this directional growth response is known as phototropism, which is caused by a lateral growth-promoting auxin in the bending organ (cholodny-went theory, cited in high school textbook). recently, however, bruinsma et al., weiler et al., and hasegawa et al. independently found that the shaded half did not contain more auxin than the illuminated one. instea ...	2001	11933243
ruminal digestion by dairy cows grazing winter oats pasture supplemented with different levels and sources of protein.	six holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in two simultaneous 3 x 3 latin squares to study the effects of protein supplements on ruminal fermentation and in situ crude protein degradability. cows rotationally grazed a winter oats (avena sativa l.) pasture and were supplemented with one of three concentrate supplements: 1) low protein sunflower meal (l-sm); 2) high protein sunflower meal (h-sm); or 3) high protein feather meal (h-fm). concentrates (6.5 kg/d) were offered in equal p ...	2001	11699458
a novel protein elicitor (panie) from pythium aphanidermatum induces multiple defense responses in carrot, arabidopsis, and tobacco.	a novel protein elicitor (panie(234)) from pythium aphanidermatum (edson) fitzp. was purified, microsequenced, and the corresponding cdna was cloned. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative eukaryotic secretion signal with a proteinase cleavage site. the heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (panie(213)) triggered programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). program ...	2001	11706166
arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice.	arginine decarboxylase (adc) cdna from oat (avena sativa l.) was introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) genome by an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. expression of the adc transgene under the control of an aba-inducible promoter led to stress-induced upregulation of adc activity and polyamine accumulation in transgenic rice plants. second-generation (rl) transgenic rice plants showed an increase in biomass under salinity-stress conditions, as compared to the non-transformed control ...	2001	11297783
supplemental dietary protein for grazing dairy cows: reproduction, condition loss, plasma metabolites, and insulin.	an experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to investigate the influence of grain crude protein (cp) and rumen undegradable protein (rup) concentration on reproduction and energy status of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and oats (avena sativa). holstein cows (n = 122) were blocked by calving group [partum (0 d postpartum) vs. postpartum (41 +/- 19 d postpartum at study initiation)] and assigned to grain supplements containing high cp [22.8% of dry matter (dm)], modera ...	2001	11352167
cloning and characterisation of chlorophyll synthase from avena sativa.	the chlorophyll synthase gene from oat (avena sativa) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequence consists of 378 amino acids including a presequence of 46 amino acids. deletion mutants show that a core protein comprising amino acid residues 88 to 377 is enzymatically active. the sequence of the mature protein shows 85% identity with the chlorophyll synthase of arabidopsis thaliana and 62% identity with the chlorophyll synthase of synechocystis pcc 6803. the gen ...	2001	11501754
effect of maturity on degradation kinetics of sod-seeded cereal grain forage grown in northern arkansas.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rye (secale cereale l.) were overseeded into a dormant bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.) sod and harvested at 3-wk intervals throughout march, april, may, and early june. plant growth stage was documented for each forage on each harvest date, and harvested forages were evaluated for forage quality characteristics. degradation kinetics of dm and ndf for these forages were evaluated by the in situ method. fractional degradation rate ...	2000	11104269
feasibility of using lignin isolated from forages by solubilization in acetyl bromide as a standard for lignin analyses.	lignin concentration can be measured in plants by the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin spectrophotometric method; however, as with any spectrophotometric method, a reliable standard is needed. in the present experiments, lignin was extracted from each of the forages under study with the acetyl bromide reagent. the lignin isolated with acetyl bromide (liab) was then used as the reference standard in the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin (absl) analysis, which was compared with the acid detergent lignin ...	2000	11132828
characterization of a novel potyvirus isolated from maize in israel.	a potyvirus (proposed name of zea mosaic virus [zemv]) isolated from maize in israel was analyzed by serology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of capsid proteins, symptomatology, and sequencing. parts of the nuclear inclusion b, coat protein, and 3' regions were sequenced; the amino acid sequence of zemv capsid was determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (tofms). the results of these analyses were compared with those of similar analyses of the followin ...	2000	18944557
effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading.	the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ...	2000	15092904
identification and characterization of a heat-induced isoform of aldolase in oat chloroplast.	an analysis of protein synthesis at elevated temperatures in oat (avena sativa) leaves revealed a heat-induced 44 kda polypeptide. a cdna library of heat-treated leaves was constructed and screened with specific antibodies raised against this 44 kda polypeptide. a clone encoding the 44 kda protein was identified as a form of the chloroplast-localized fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13). northern and western blot analyses indicated heat-induced accumulation of the chloroplast aldolase is ...	2000	11197324
isolation, purification, and characterization of glutathione s-transferase from oat (avena sativa) seedlings.	glutathione s-transferase (gst) from oat seedlings was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and glutathione (gsh) affinity chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two major protein subunits with molecular masses of 29 and 31 kda, respectively. isoelectric focusing revealed a major band with pi of 3.43 and a minor band with pi of 7.42. kinetic analysis with respect to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) as substrate revealed a km of ...	2000	11195966
aux/iaa proteins are phosphorylated by phytochrome in vitro.	auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) genes encode short-lived transcription factors that are induced as a primary response to the plant growth hormone iaa or auxin. gain-of-function mutations in arabidopsis genes, shy2/iaa3, axr3/iaa17, and axr2/iaa7 cause pleiotropic phenotypes consistent with enhanced auxin responses, possibly by increasing aux/iaa protein stability. semidominant mutations shy2-1d, shy2-2, axr3-1, and axr2-1 induce ectopic light responses in dark-grown seedlings. because genet ...	2000	11115889
classical and biochemical endpoints in the evaluation of phytotoxic effects caused by the herbicide trichloroacetate.	three terrestrial plant species, oat (avena sativa ), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris cv. chinensis) and lettuce (lactuca sativa), were exposed to different concentrations of herbicide tca (sodium trichloroacetate) in a growth test according to guideline oecd # 208. classical (i.e. germination and biomass) and biochemical (i.e., antioxydant enzyme activities) endpoints were investigated. germination rate decreased significantly at 3.9 mg tca kg dry soil(-1) (for oat and lettuce) and 62.5 mg ...	2000	11064042
the influence of glycerol and chloroplast lipids on the spectral shifts of pigments associated with nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from avena sativa l.	dark-grown angiosperm seedlings lack chlorophylls, but accumulate protochlorophyllide a complexed with the light-dependent enzyme nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. previous investigators correlated spectral heterogeneity of in vivo protochlorophyllide forms and a shift of chlorophyllide forms from 680 to 672 nm (shibata shift) occurring after irradiation, with intact membrane structures which are destroyed by solubilization. we demonstrate here that the various protochlorophyllide forms ...	2000	11034350
characterization of protein and transcript levels of the chaperonin containing tailless complex protein-1 and tubulin during light-regulated growth of oat seedlings.	in grass seedlings the network of cortical microtubules is reorganized during light-dependent growth of coleoptiles and mesocotyls. we investigated the effects of light-dependent growth on the relative steady-state levels of the mrnas and protein levels of alpha-tubulin and the epsilon-subunit of the chaperonin containing tailless complex protein-1 in oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles, which were grown in different light conditions to establish different growth responses. the soluble pools of the e ...	2000	10982445
production and characterization of maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids derived from an oat-maize addition line.	in maize (zea mays l., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat ...	2000	10978296
evidence of active nadp(+) phosphatase in dormant seeds of avena sativa l.	freshly-harvested seeds of avena sativa l. do not germinate when imbibed at temperatures higher than 25 degrees c. this high temperature dormancy is due to the seed coats, and to the low activities of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (opp) in the embryo. the analysis by exclusion chromatography of soluble nadp(+) phosphatase activities of embryos revealed two isoforms: a 37 kda isoform present in both dormant and after-ripened caryopses, and a second isoform, with an appare ...	2000	10944152
photochemical and mutational analysis of the fmn-binding domains of the plant blue light receptor, phototropin.	the plant photoreceptor phototropin is an autophosphorylating serine-threonine protein kinase activated by uv-a/blue light. two domains, lov1 and lov2, members of the pas domain superfamily, mediate light sensing by phototropin. heterologous expression studies have shown that both domains function as fmn-binding sites. although three plant blue light photoreceptors, cry1, cry2, and phototropin, have been identified to date, the photochemical reactions underlying photoactivation of these light se ...	2000	10924135
high frequency of cytogenetic aberration in transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) plants.	cytological abnormalities were observed in transgenic oat (avena sativa l. cv. gaf/park-1) produced by microprojectile bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. of the plants from 48 independent transgenic lines examined, plants from only 20 lines (42%) were karyotypically normal (2n=6x=42) without detectable chromosomal aberrations; plants from 28 lines (58%) had chromosomal variation, i.e. aneuploids and structural changes. no significant difference in cytological aberrat ...	2000	10908808
antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions.	the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ...	2000	10888490
biosynthesis of avenacins and phytosterols in roots of avena sativa cv. image.	in keeping with the proposal that avenacin biosynthesis is restricted to the tips of primary roots of oat seedlings, the incorporation of radioactivity from r-[2-(14)c]mevalonic acid (mva) into avenacins and beta-amyrin by serial sections of primary roots was found to be more-or-less restricted to root tip sections. squalene synthase (sqs) (ec 2.5.1.21) and 2,3-oxidosqualene:beta-amyrin cyclase (os beta ac) (ec 5.4.99) were also most active in these sections. the incorporation of radiolabel from ...	2000	10872206
thermal effect of co(2) on apoplastic ice in rye and oat during freezing.	meristematic tissues from rye (secale cereale) and oat (avena sativa) were studied in an isothermal calorimeter at -3 degrees c. when the frozen tissue was placed in the calorimeter, the pressure increased within 4 d to 25 and 9 kpa above ambient pressure in the sample vessels containing crowns of rye and oat, respectively. concurrently, the thermal output went down to -194 microw in rye over the 4-d period; this negative thermal activity could be accounted for by ice melting in the plants. when ...	2000	10712550
chromosomal localization of cotransformed transgenes in the hexaploid cultivated oat avena sativa l. using fluorescence in situ hybridization.	fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to localize two transgenes (gus and bar), carried on plasmids pact-1f and puba, respectively, on mitotic metaphase squashes of t1 plants of the cultivated hexaploid oat avena sativa l. cotransformed by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus. among the eight progeny analysed by fish in each of two lines, we detected plants null, hetero- and homozygous for the two genes in one line, and plants null and heterozygous for the two genes in ...	2000	10692010
repetition of the classical boysen-jensen and nielsen's experiment on phototropism of oat coleoptiles.	the classical experiment of phototropic response as reported by boysen-jensen and nielsen (1926), which supports the cholodny-went theory, was repeated in detail. in the original experiment, etiolated oat (avena sativa l. cv. victory) coleoptiles with mica inserted into their tip only showed a positive response when the mica was placed parallel toward the light source and not if it was inserted perpendicularly. on the contrary, we found a positive response irrespective of whether the mica was in ...	2000	12090269
gravitropism and phototropism of oat coleoptiles: post-tropic autostraightening and tissue shrinkage during tropism.	we measured changes in length on the two opposite sides of the red-light-grown oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles subjected to either gravitropic or phototropic stimulation and subsequently rotated on a horizontal clinostat. the length measurement was conducted using three 5 mm-long zones delimited by ink markers from the tip. curvature of each zone was analyzed from the length difference between the two sides. gravitropism was induced by displacing the seedling from the vertical by 30 degrees or ...	1999	11542618
antioxidant capacity of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts. 2. in vitro antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic and tocol antioxidants.	oat milling fractions were examined for concentrations of total phenolics, tocols, and phenolic acids and in vitro antioxidant activity to determine their potential as dietary antioxidants. methanolic extracts of pearling fractions, flour and aspirations from flaking, and trichomes had high, intermediate, and low antioxidant activities, respectively, evaluated by the beta-carotene bleaching method. pearling fractions were also highest in total phenolics and tocols. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanilli ...	1999	10606549
antioxidant capacity of oat (avena sativa l.) extracts. 1. inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity.	milled oat groat pearlings, trichomes, flour, and bran were extracted with methanol and the fractions tested in vitro for antioxidant capacity against low-density lipoprotein (ldl) oxidation and r-phycoerythrin protein oxidation in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay. the oxidative reactions were generated by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hcl (aaph) or cu(2+) in the ldl assay and by aaph or cu(2+) + h(2)o(2) in the orac assay and calibrated against a trolox standard to calculate ...	1999	10606548
indole-3-acetic acid control on acidic oat cell wall peroxidases.	incubation of oat coleoptile segments with 40 µm indoleacetic acid (iaa) induced a decrease of 35-60% in peroxidase activity at the cell wall compartment. treatment with iaa also produced a similar decrease in the oxidation of nadh and iaa at the cell wall. isoelectric focusing of ionic, covalent, and intercellular wall peroxidase fractions showed that acidic isoforms (pi 4.0-5.5) were reduced preferentially by iaa treatment. marked differences were found between acidic and basic wall isoperoxid ...	1999	10467016
pigment-free nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from avena sativa l. purification and substrate specificity.	the enzyme nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (por) is the key enzyme for light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis. it accumulates in dark-grown plants as the ternary enzyme-substrate complex por-protochlorophyllide a-nadph. here, we describe a simple procedure for purification of pigment-free por from etioplasts of avena sativa seedlings. the procedure implies differential solubilization with n-octyl-beta-d-glucoside and one chromatographic step with deae-cellulose. we show, using pigment ...	1999	10518779
chromosomal organization of a sequence related to ltr-like elements of ty1-copia retrotransposons in avena species.	a repetitive sequence, pas17, was isolated from avena strigosa (as genome) and characterized. the insert was 646 bp in length and showed 54% at content. databank searches revealed its high homology to the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences of the specific family of ty1-copia retrotransposons represented by wis2-1a and bare. it was also found to be 70% identical to the ltr domain of the wis2-1a retroelement of wheat and 67% identical to the bare-1 retroelement of barley. southern hybridizations ...	1999	10464792
a photoperiod-insensitive barley line contains a light-labile phytochrome b	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a long-day plant whose flowering is enhanced when the photoperiod is supplemented with far-red light, and this promotion is mediated by phytochrome. a chemically mutagenized dwarf cultivar of barley was selected for early flowering time (barley maturity daylength response [bmdr]-1) and was made isogenic with the cultivar shabet (bmdr-8) by backcrossing. bmdr-1 was found to contain higher levels of both phytochrome a and phytochrome b in the dark on immunoblots with ...	1999	10069841
usefulness of gene pg10 as a source of stem rust resistance in oat breeding.	abstract infection types produced by puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae on plants of avena sativa with the stem rust resistance gene pg10 are characterized by moderate-sized uredinia surrounded by an area of chlorosis and a larger variable zone of dark brown necrosis. this study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of gene pg10 as a source of resistance to stem rust and to determine the interactions of this gene with other common pg genes. a derived pg10 line was tested with 58 distinct patho ...	1999	18944647
protein evaluation of four oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars adapted for cultivation in the south of brazil.	four oat cultivars adapted for soil and climate conditions in the southern region of brazil were evaluated for protein nutritive value. evaluations were done both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro evaluation was done by essential amino acid profile, available lysine, amino acid scoring, and protein digestibility corrected amino acid-scoring (pdcaas). nitrogen balance indices and per were determined in vivo with rats. in all four cultivars (ufp-15, ufp-16, ctc-03, ufrgs-14), lysine was the most limi ...	1999	10540981
reconstitution of a bacterial/plant polyamine biosynthesis pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	polyamine synthesis in most organisms is initiated by the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine via ornithine decarboxylase (odc). plants, some bacteria and some fungi and protozoa generate putrescine from arginine, via arginine decarboxylase (adc) and agmatine ureohydrolase (auh) or agmatine iminohydrolase. a polyamine-requiring strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae with a mutation in the gene encoding odc was transformed with plasmids bearing genes encoding escherichia coli adc and auh. ...	1999	10075412
degradation of oat mrnas during seed development.	the genes av1, av10, and z1 encode proteins that accumulate during oat seed development. in developing endosperm of avena sativa (cultivated oat), av1, av10 and z1 mrnas reach maximal levels midway through seed development but fall to very low levels in mature seeds. similarly, mrnas for these proteins peak during endosperm development of avena fatua (wild oat) and are later degraded. however, during late maturation of a. fatua seeds, populations of mrna fragments shorter than the intact transcr ...	1999	10350095
a microtechnique for the analysis of free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid in milligram amounts of plant tissue using a benchtop gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.	a microtechnique was developed for the quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in plant samples of one milligram fresh weight or less. the method permitted quantification of both free and conjugated iaa using a benchtop gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. new methods for sample purification with high recovery at microscale levels, together with simple changes that result in enhanced sensitivity of the instrumentation, allowed for a significant reduction in the amount of plant material requ ...	1998	9443382
central effects of ac-1 and tfg-1.	ac-1 and tfg-1 are both herb extracts from avena sativa and trigonella foenum graecum respectively. in folk medicine, trigonella foenum graecum is used as appetiser and general tonic as well as for pellagra treatment and for treatment of pulmonary disorders. avena sativa is another commonly used appetiser and tonic. in our study we examined the influence of ac-1 and tfg-1 on some of the major functions of the central nervous system. we divided the test animals in three groups and after administe ...	1998	10206008
ige antibodies to recombinant pollen allergens (phl p 1, phl p 2, phl p 5, and bet v 2) account for a high percentage of grass pollen-specific ige.	pollen from different grass species are some of the most potent elicitors of type i allergy worldwide. the characterization of antigenic structures and ige epitopes common to different grass species is relevant to define reagents for diagnosis and specific therapy of grass pollen allergy.	1998	9500760
herbicide safener-binding protein of maize. purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cdna.	dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (zea mays l.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3h](r,s)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazol-idine ([3h]saf), and this safener-binding activity (safba) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. the safener-binding protein (safbp), purified to homogeneity, has a relative molecular weight of 39,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl ...	1998	9501141
the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus promoter is active in both monocots and dicots.	regions of the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus genome were tested for promoter activity. the genomic region spanning nucleotides 5999-7420 was shown to possess promoter activity as exemplified by its ability to drive the expression of the coding region of the uida gene of escherichia coli, in both avena sativa and arabidopsis thaliana. in a. sativa, the promoter was active in all organs examined and, with the exception of the anthers where the expression was localized, this activity was constit ...	1998	9747843
gibberellin-photoaffinity labelling of two polypeptides in plant plasma membranes.	two polypeptides of m(r) 68 kda and 18 kda were gibberellin (ga)-photoaffinity labelled in vitro in plasma membrane preparations from oat (avena sativa l.) aleurone and from leaves and stems of wild-type and ga-sensitivity mutants of different species. labelling of these polypeptides could be competed by biologically active, but not by inactive, gas, indicating the likely biological significance of these interactions. on 2-dimensional gels the radiolabelled polypeptides were each resolved as one ...	1998	9750344
identification of quantitative loci for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus in oat.	abstract molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci conditioning tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) were identified in oat (avena sativa) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. near-isogenic and recombinant inbred lines (nils and rils, respectively) derived from a cross of clintland64 (bydv-sensitive) and il86-5698 (bydv-tolerant) were evaluated for their responses to an illinois isolate of the pav strain of bydv. individual markers identified in the an ...	1998	18944919
chromosome-specific molecular organization of maize (zea mays l.) centromeric regions.	a set of oat-maize chromosome addition lines with individual maize (zea mays l.) chromosomes present in plants with a complete oat (avena sativa l.) chromosome complement provides a unique opportunity to analyze the organization of centromeric regions of each maize chromosome. a dna sequence, mcs1a, described previously as a maize centromere-associated sequence, was used as a probe to isolate cosmid clones from a genomic library made of dna purified from a maize chromosome 9 addition line. analy ...	1998	9789043
genetics of alpha-amylases in hexaploid oat species.	the inheritance of alpha-amylases was studied in six f2 populations of hexaploid oats (avena sativa, a. byzantina, a. fatua, a. sterillis) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a total of 22 loci was identified and described. three main linkages of four or five loci each and an additional two pairs of linked loci were detected. it seems likely that the three main linkage groups represent homeologous chromosomes. matching of alpha-amylase profiles of hexaploid (aaccdd), tetraploid (aacc), and ...	1998	9775349
discrimination of the closely related a and d genomes of the hexaploid oat avena sativa l.	a satellite dna sequence, as120a, specific to the a-genome chromosomes in the hexaploid oat, avena sativa l., was isolated by subcloning a fragment with internal tandem repeats from a plasmid, pas120, that had been obtained from an avena strigosa (as genome) genomic library. southern and in situ hybridization showed that sequences with homology to sequences within pas120 were dispersed throughout the genome of diploid (a and c genomes), tetraploid (ac genomes), and hexaploid (acd genomes) avena ...	1998	9770506
transgenic dna integrated into the oat genome is frequently interspersed by host dna.	integration of transgenic dna into the plant genome was investigated in 13 transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment with one or two cotransformed plasmids. in all transformation events, the transgenic dna integrated into the plant genome consisted of intact transgene copies that were accompanied by multiple, rearranged, and/or truncated transgene fragments. all fragments of transgenic dna cosegregated, indicating that they were integrated at single gene l ...	1998	9770447
irregular patterns of transgene silencing in allohexaploid oat.	an irregular pattern of transgene silencing was revealed in expression and inheritance studies conducted over multiple generations following transgene introduction by microprojectile bombardment of allohexaploid cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). expression of two transgenes, bar and uida, delivered on the same plasmid was investigated in 23 transgenic oat lines. twenty-one transgenic lines, each derived from an independently selected transformed tissue culture, showed expression of both bar and ...	1998	9747805
complex structure of knob dna on maize chromosome 9. retrotransposon invasion into heterochromatin.	the recovery of maize (zea mays l.) chromosome addition lines of oat (avena sativa l.) from oat x maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of specific regions, such as knobs, of individual maize chromosomes. a dna hybridization blot panel of eight individual maize chromosome addition lines revealed that 180-bp repeats found in knobs are present in each of these maize chromosomes, but the copy number varies from approximately 100 to 25, 000. cosmid clones with knob dna se ...	1998	9691055
isolation and structure of a new galactolipid from oat seeds.	seeds of oat (avena sativa l.) were recently shown to contain significant quantities of a new hydroxy acid, (15 r)-hydroxy-(9z),(12z)-octadecadienoic acid (trivial name, avenoleic acid). in the present work, avenoleate was found to be mainly (63%) localized in the glycolipid fraction of oat seed lipids. fractionation of the glycolipids by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of a main molecular species which accounted for 20% o ...	1998	9590622
association of nickel versus transport of cadmium and calcium in tonoplast vesicles of oat roots.	the plant vacuole has long been suspected of being a site for accumulation of ni in plant roots, but testing this hypothesis directly by vacuole isolation is technically difficult and has not been reported. here, we have attempted to determine if ni can be transported into isolated oat (avena sativa l.) root tonoplast vesicles as an alternative approach toward understanding the importance of the vacuole in ni accumulation in roots. we found that, in contrast to ca and cd, ni did not affect the p ...	1998	9530882
identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit.	studies were conducted to identify a 64-kd thylakoid membrane protein of unknown function. the protein was extracted from chloroplast thylakoids under low ionic strength conditions and purified to homogeneity by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four peptides generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the wheat 64-kd protein were sequenced and found to be identical to internal sequences of the chloroplast-coupling factor (cf1) alpha-subunit. antibodies for th ...	1998	9489017
crop rotation impacts on potato protein.	the impact of nitrogen (n) fertilization on potato (solanum tuberosum l.) protein yield and nutritional quality is well documented but of little benefit to growers with limited access to fertilizer or capital (e.g. in lesser developed countries). this study was conducted 1) to evaluate the extent which crude protein yield in potatoes can be influenced by crop rotation with no n fertilizer and 2) to determine if crop rotation and minimal application of n fertilizer can meet the total protein yiel ...	1998	10426115
nucleotide sequence of oat (avena sativa l.) cdna encoding an auxin-binding protein (abp1).	we isolated and determined a nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone encoding a protein homologous to maize major auxin-binding protein (abp1) from a cdna library of oat coleoptiles. the deduced amino acid sequence of this clone contained an n-linked glycosylation signal and an er-retention signal. furthermore, two domains that were important to interact with auxins, were conserved in this clone at amino acid level.	1998	10520452
gravitropism of oat and wheat coleoptiles: dependence on the stimulation angle and involvement of autotropic straightening.	gravitropism of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles was investigated in relation to the displacement angle or to the initially set stimulation angle (sa). we measured curvature rates at the early phase of curvature, before it was affected by the drop in sa resulting from the curvature response itself. the plot of the rates against the sines of initial sas revealed similar curves for oats and wheat, which approached saturation as the sine increased to unity. the two ...	1997	11536867
exposure of oat seedlings to blue light results in amplified phosphorylation of the putative photoreceptor for phototropism and in higher sensitivity of the plants to phototropic stimulation.	dark recovery of blue light-induced in vitro phosphorylation in oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings after in vivo preirradiation with blue light revealed different recovery kinetics for the coleoptile base and tip. although, in both cases, maximum in vitro phosphorylation was observed 90 min after in vivo blue light treatment, the phosphorylation levels for the entire base were about 3-fold higher than those found in nonpreirradiated plants. the tip response only slightly exceeded that of the dark c ...	1997	11536818
asymmetric, blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kilodalton plasma membrane protein can be correlated with the first- and second-positive phototropic curvature of oat coleoptiles.	the possible correlation between blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kd protein and phototropic responses of etiolated oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings was tested by a micromethod for protein phosphorylation. quantitation of the basipetal distribution of this protein showed that the in vitro 32p phosphorylation values declined exponentially from tip to node, with more than 50% of the total label being found in the uppermost 5 mm. nonsaturating preirradiation of the coleoptiles in vivo r ...	1997	11536817
phosphoryl group exchange between atp and adp catalyzed by h+-atpase from oat roots.	atp-adp exchange was estimated in the presence of plasma membrane h+-atpase of oat (avena sativa) roots partially purified with triton x-100 by measuring [14c]atp formation from [14c]adp. most studies were done at 0[deg]c. at ph 6.0 the exchange showed: (a) mg2+ requirement with a biphasic response giving maximal activity at 152 [mu]m and (b) insensitivity to ionic strength, [na+], and [k+]. atp and adp dependence were analyzed with a model in which nucleotide-enzyme interactions are at rapid-ra ...	1997	12223778
aneuploid marker assignment in hexaploid oat with the c genome as a reference for determining remnant homoeology.	nullisomic lines of hexaploid oat avena sativa l. (2n = 6x - 2 = 40, aaccdd) cultivar sun ii were used to assign 134 dna sequences to 10 chromosome-associated syntenic groups. a limited set of ditelosomic lines allowed localization of subsets of these sequences to six chromosome arms. advantages of using such aneuploids in mapping are in the assignment of gene families, monomorphic rflp sequences, and oat linkage groups to chromosomes. the published hexaploid oat rflp linkage map has 38 linkage ...	1997	9202416
oat-maize chromosome addition lines: a new system for mapping the maize genome.	novel plants with individual maize chromosomes added to a complete oat genome have been recovered via embryo rescue from oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42) x maize (zea mays l., 2n = 20) crosses. an oat-maize disomic addition line possessing 21 pairs of oat chromosomes and one maize chromosome 9 pair was used to construct a cosmid library. a multiprobe (mixture of labeled fragments used as a probe) of highly repetitive maize-specific sequences was used to selectively isolate cosmid clones conta ...	1997	9108009
inducible overexpression of oat arginine decarboxylase in transgenic tobacco plants.	to test the possible interaction of polyamines in plant growth responses, transgenic tobacco plants containing the avena sativa l. (oat) arginine decarboxylase (adc) gene under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter were generated. inducible overexpression of oat adc in transgenic tobacco led to an accumulation of adc mrna, increased adc activity and changes in polyamine levels. transgenic lines, induced during vegetative stage, displayed different degrees of an altered phenotype, the ...	1997	9107036
purification and characterization of recombinant affinity peptide-tagged oat phytochrome a.	full-length avena sativa (oat) phytochrome a (asphya) was expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified to apparent homogeneity. expression of an asphya cdna that encoded the full-length photoreceptor with a 15 amino acid 'strep-tag' peptide at its c-terminus produced a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 124 kda. this strep-tagged polypeptide (asphya-st) bound tightly to streptavidin agarose and was selectively eluted using diaminobiotin, with a chromatographic efficiency ...	1997	9114754
theophylline metabolism in higher plants.	metabolism of [8-(14)c]theophylline was investigated in leaf segments from camellia sinensis (tea), camellia irrawadiensis, ilex paraguariensis (maté) and avena sativa, root segments of vigna mungo seedlings and cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. there was extensive uptake and metabolism of [8-(14)c]theophylline by leaves of tea and camellia irrawadiensis and, to a lesser extent, maté. these purine alkaloid-containing species converted [8-(14)c]theophylline into 3-methylxanthine, x ...	1997	9305805
characterization of regions within the n-terminal 6-kilodalton domain of phytochrome a that modulate its biological activity.	phytochrome a (phya) is a red/far-red (fr) light photoreceptor responsible for initiating numerous light-mediated plant growth and developmental responses, especially in fr light-enriched environments. we previously showed that the first 70 amino acids of the polypeptide contain at least two regions with potentially opposite functions (e.t. jordan, j.r. cherry, j.m. walker, r.d. vierstra [1996] plant j 9: 243-257). one region is required for activity and correct apoprotein/chromophore interactio ...	1997	9342873
udp-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase: cloning and functional expression in escherichia coli.	steryl glucosides are characteristic lipids of plant membranes. the biosynthesis of these lipids is catalyzed by the membrane-bound udp-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.173). the purified enzyme (warnecke and heinz, plant physiol 105 (1994): 1067-1073) has been used for the cloning of a corresponding cdna from oat (avena sativa l.). amino acid sequences derived from the amino terminus of the purified protein and from peptides of a trypsin digestion were used to construct oligonucleot ...	1997	9349281
identification and characterization of a novel arabinoxylanase from wheat flour.	an endogenous wheat (triticum aestivum) flour endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity from a crude wheat flour extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography. the 30-kd protein had an isoelectric point of 9.3 or higher. a sequence of 19 amino acids at the nh2 terminus showed 84.2% identity with an internal sequence of 15-kd grain-softness protein, friabilin. high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation analysis of the hydrolysis products indica ...	1997	9414565
persistence of the effects of early experience on consumption of low-quality roughage by sheep.	the aim of this study was to determine the effects of experience early in life with cured weeping lovegrass (eragrostis curvula) (low-quality roughage) or fresh oats (avena sativa) (high-quality roughage) on voluntary intake and nitrogen retention when sheep ate a low-quality roughage 9 mo after initial exposure. from 1 to 5 mo of age, experienced wethers (ew) grazed cured weeping lovegrass, whereas inexperienced wethers (iw) grazed fresh oats (initial exposure). then both ew and iw were fed sor ...	1996	8726727
isolation and expression of a host response gene family encoding thaumatin-like proteins in incompatible oat-stem rust fungus interactions.	four cdna clones (corresponding to tlp-1, -2, -3, and -4 genes) encoding thaumatin-like (tl), pathogenesis-related proteins were isolated from oat (avena sativa) infected by an incompatible isolate pga-1h of the oat stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae). all four cdna clones contained an open reading frame predicted to encode a 169-amino acid polypeptide with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids at the n-terminus, suggesting that these proteins are transported through a secretory path ...	1996	8755626
cloning and characterization of a highly repeated dna sequence in hordeum vulgare l.	a novel repetitive dna sequence, r10hvcop, has been identified in the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) genome. this 830 base pair (bp) dna sequence has a 606-bp open reading frame and is present as approximately 1.96 x 10(5) copies per haploid barley genome. southern blot analysis revealed that repetitive dna elements containing r10hvcop and related sequences were dispersed within the barley chromosomes. sequences similar to r10hvcop were also found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rye (secale cereal ...	1996	8983185
coleoptiles are gravi-guiding systems vital for gravi-insensitive shoots of germinating grass seedlings.	surgical removal of the coleoptiles from germinating seedlings of secale cereale l., avena sativa l., and zea mays l. leads to a total loss of gravitropic response of the shoot without affecting growth. the principal function of coleoptiles is therefore to guide the gravi-insensitive shoot to the soil surface.	1996	11541944
fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome: difference spectra of the intermediates of the photoreactions.	the photocycle of 124 kda phytochrome a from avena sativa was studied by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at low temperatures. difference spectra between the parent state pr and the intermediates of the pr-->pfr pathway, i.e. lumi-r, meta-ra, and meta-rc, and between pfr and the intermediates of the pfr-->pr pathway, lumi-f and meta-f, were obtained in 1h2o and 2h2o for the first time. each spectrum shows characteristic spectral features which allow a clear distinction between the differe ...	1996	8718870
cytological and molecular characterization of oat x maize partial hybrids.	in cereals, interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations (wide crosses) which yield karyotypically stable hybrid plants have been used as starting points to widen the genetic base of a crop and to construct stocks for genetic analysis. also, uniparental genome elimination in karyotypically unstable hybrids has been utilized for cereal haploid production. we have crossed hexaploid oat (2n=6x=42, avena sativa l.) and maize (2n=2x=20, zea mays l.) and recovered 90 progenies through embryo rescue. ...	1996	24162209
changes in blue-light-dependent protein phosphorylation during the early development of etiolated oat seedlings.	blue light induced the phosphorylation of a 116-kda plasma-membrane-associated protein in dark-grown seedlings from avena sativa l. the response was restricted to the phototropically sensitive tissue of the coleoptile tip. surprisingly, this protein showed different properties in membrane preparations from plants that were grown for 3 d than in those from 5-d-old seedlings. in contrast to the younger coleoptiles, in 5-d-old seedlings phosphorylation of the 116-kda protein depended strictly on th ...	1996	11541069
a calcium and free fatty acid-modulated protein kinase as putative effector of the fusicoccin 14-3-3 receptor.	a protein kinase that is activated by calcium and cis-unsaturated fatty acids has been characterized from oat (avena sativa l.) root plasma membranes. the kinase phosphorylates a synthetic peptide with a motif (-r-t-l-s-) that can be phosphorylated by both protein kinase c (pkc) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk)-type kinases. calphostin c and chelerythrine, two pkc inhibitors, completely inhibited the kinase activity with values of inhibitor concentration for 50% inhibition of 0.7 and ...	1996	8754686
suppression of gravitropic response of primary roots by submergence.	primary roots of six plant species were placed horizontally either in humid air or under water, and their growth and gravitropic responses were examined. in air, all the roots showed a normal gravitropic curvature. under water without aeration, roots of rice (oryza sativa l.), oat (avena sativa l.), azuki bean (vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi), and cress (lepidium sativum l.) curved downward at almost same rate as in air, whereas the curvature of roots of maize (zea mays l.) and pea (pisum sativu ...	1996	11540722
osmoregulation by oat coleoptile protoplasts (effect of auxin).	the effect of auxin on the physiology of protoplasts from growing oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles was investigated. protoplasts, isolated iso-osmotically from peeled oat coleoptile segments, were found to swell steadily over many hours. incubated in 1 mm cacl2, 10 mm kcl, 10 mm 2-(morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid/1,3-bis-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane, ph 6.5, and mannitol to 300 milliosmolal, protoplasts swelled 28.9% [plus or minus] 2.0 (standard error) after 6 h. addition of 10 [mu]m ...	1996	12226237
peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds (sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(s),12(s),13(s)-trihydroxy-10(e)-octadecenoic acid).	peroxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation of oleic acid in preparations of cereal seeds was investigated. the 105,000g particle fraction of oat (avena sativa) seed homogenate showed high peroxygenase activity, i.e. 3034 [plus or minus] 288 and 2441 [plus or minus] 168 nmol (10 min)-1 mg-1 protein in two cultivars, whereas the corresponding fraction obtained from barley (hordeum vulgare and hordeum distichum), rye (secale cereale), and wheat (triticum aestivum) showed only weak activity, i.e. 13 to 138 ...	1996	12226220
infrared light-emitting diode radiation causes gravitropic and morphological effects in dark-grown oat seedlings.	oat (avena sativa cv seger) seedlings were irradiated with ir light-emitting diode (led) radiation passed through a visible-light-blocking filter. infrared led irradiated seedlings exhibited differences in growth and gravitropic response when compared to seedlings grown in darkness at the same temperature. thus, the oat seedlings in this study were able to detect ir led radiation. these findings call into question the use of ir led as a safe-light for some photosensitive plant response experimen ...	1996	11536734
purification and characterization of an oat fructan exohydrolase that preferentially hydrolyzes beta-2,6-fructans.	oat (avena sativa cv fulghum) fructan hydrolase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity as determined by the presence of a single band (43 kd) on a silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. a mixture of beta-2,6-linked fructan (neokestin) isolated from oat was used as the substrate to purify fructan hydrolase. neokestin and small degree of polymerization f ...	1996	8742337
comparative mapping in grasses. oat relationships.	the development of rflp linkage maps in hexaploid and diploid oat allows us to study genetic relationships of these species at the dna level. in this report, we present the extension of a previously developed diploid oat map (avena atlantica x a. hirtula) and its molecular-genetic relationships with wheat, rice and maize. examination of 92-99% of the length of the oat genome map with probes common to triticeae species, rice or maize showed that 84, 79 and 71%, respectively, was conserved between ...	1995	7500960
arginine decarboxylase is localized in chloroplasts.	plants, unlike animals, can use either ornithine decarboxylase or arginine decarboxylase (adc) to produce the polyamine precursor putrescine. lack of knowledge of the exact cellular and subcellular location of these enzymes has been one of the main obstacles to our understanding of the biological role of polyamines in plants. we have generated polyclonal antibodies to oat (avena sativa l.) adc to study the spatial distribution and subcellular localization of adc protein in different oat tissues. ...	1995	12228631
levels of a terpenoid glycoside (blumenin) and cell wall-bound phenolics in some cereal mycorrhizas.	four cereals, hordeum vulgare (barley), triticum aestivum (wheat), secale cereal (rye), and avena sativa (oat), were grown in a defined nutritional medium with and without the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices. levels of soluble and cell wall-bound secondary metabolites in the roots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography during the first 6 to 8 weeks of plant development. whereas there was no difference in the levels of ...	1995	7480342
fourier-transform resonance raman spectroscopy of intermediates of the phytochrome photocycle.	the parent states of the 124-kda phytochrome (phy a from avena sativa) and intermediates of its photocycle were studied by low-temperature fourier-transform resonance raman spectroscopy. spectra of the primary photoproducts i700 and lumi-f and of the thermal intermediate meta-f have been obtained for the first time. the spectra of the stable photochromic forms of photochrome, pr and pfr, presented in this work are significantly better in signal-to-noise ratio and resolution than previously publi ...	1995	7654704
the genomic identification of some monosomics of avena sativa l. cv. sun ii using genomic in situ hybridization.	genomic in situ hybridization using total genomic dna extracted from the c genome diploid species avena eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, genome cpcp) was used to identify monosomics (2n = 6x − 1 = 41) of the constituent genomes of the hexaploid cultivated oat a. sativa l. cv. sun ii (2n = 6x = 42, genomes aaccdd). the results demonstrate 3 ad/c and 6 c/ad chromosome translocations, indicate that five of the missing monosomics are derived from the c genome, and show that there are duplicates within ...	1995	18470201
characterization of a library from a single microdissected oat (avena sativa l.) chromosome.	a plasmid library of oat chromosome no21, the smallest chromosome of the complement, was constructed by microdissection and microcloning. the chromosome was deproteinized with proteinase k and digested with sau3a and linker adaptors were ligated to the dna fragments. from the single chromosome (less than 0.4 pg), 10 μg of dna was obtained after 2 rounds of pcr amplification. cloning experiments with the amplified dna produced as many as 500 000 recombinant clones from the single chromosome. t ...	1995	18470198
genomic clones encoding 11s globulins in oats (avena sativa l.).	we have isolated two complete genomic clones, glav1 and glav3, encoding 11s globulins (legumins) in oat. the structure of glav1 deviates from that of the typical legumin gene. this clone possesses an extra intron and an extra exon that is composed entirely of repeats of sequences found elsewhere in the clone. if this exon is functional, the protein encoded by glav1 will contain novel octapeptide and hendecapeptide repeats. the two glav clones show stronger and more extensive homology with one an ...	1995	7672598
inheritance and linkage relationships of seed peroxidase loci in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.).	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to investigate the inheritance and linkage relationships between anodal (pxa) and cathodal (pxc) seed peroxidases in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.). a total of 12 seed peroxidase loci (5 loci of pxa and 7 loci of pxc) were identified in three crosses. only two pxc loci (pxc5 and pxc7) were not linked to any peroxidase loci; the others were scored in three linkage groups. the order of the three loci assigned to one of the linkage groups was pxc1-p ...	1995	18470183
a molecular linkage map of cultivated oat.	a molecular linkage map of cultivated oat composed of 561 loci has been developed using 71 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between avena byzantina cv. kanota and a. sativa cv. ogle. the loci are mainly restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected by oat cdna clones from leaf, endosperm, and root tissue, as well as by barley leaf cdna clones. the loci form 38 linkage groups ranging in size from 0.0 to 122.1 cm (mean, 39 cm) and consist of 2-51 loci each (mean, 14). twenty-nine loci re ...	1995	18470176
mgatp-dependent transport of phytochelatins across the tonoplast of oat roots.	in cd-exposed oat (avena sativa) roots cd was found to be associated primarily with the phytochelatin ([gamma]-glutamylcysteinyl)3-glutamic acid [([gamma]ec)3g], with a peptide to cd ratio of 1:3 (cysteine to cd ratio of 1:1), even though both ([gamma]ec)2g and ([gamma]ec)3g were present in the roots. phytochelatins are known to accumulate in the vacuoles of plant cells on exposure to cd, but the mechanism is not clear. here we present evidence for the transport of the phytochelatins ([gamma]ec) ...	1995	12228436
efficient callus formation and plant regeneration from leaves of oats (avena sativa l.).	an efficient plant regeneration system from leaf-derived callus in 6 genotypes of avena sativa l. has been established. regenerable callus was induced in the basal 1-2 mm region of 2 to 5 day old seedlings. plants were regenerated from the regenerable callus and grown to maturity. the frequency of regenerable callus formation and plant regeneration was correlated with the position, developmental stage and genotype of the expiant. the regeneration capacity of the first one mm of the leaf basal re ...	1995	24185340
oat leaf base: tissue with an efficient regeneration capacity.	an efficient short term regeneration system using seedling derived oat (avena sativa) leaf tissue has been developed. callus derived from the leaf base showed a higher response of plant regeneration than callus initiated from mesocotyls and more mature parts of the leaves. a correlation between the nuclear dna content of the donor material, as analysed with flow cytometry, and its ability to form callus was observed. somatic embryogenesis was histologically recognised from callus derived from ti ...	1995	24185332
gibberellin-regulated expression in oat aleurone cells of two kinases that show homology to map kinase and a ribosomal protein kinase.	cdna fragments from ten different protein kinases expressed in avena sativa aleurone cells were amplified from mrna by rt-pcr with degenerate primers. these could be classified into five groups: aspk1-3 showed homology to the snf1-related protein kinases, aspk4-5 to a wheat aba up-regulated protein kinase, aspk6-8 to the ca-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinase family, aspk9 encoded a map kinase and aspk10 was closely related to a novel arabidopsis ribosomal protein kinase. ga caused ...	1995	7766874
hormonal and gravitropic specificity in the regulation of growth and cell wall synthesis in pulvini and internodes from shoots of avena sativa l. (oat).	segments can be cut from the peduncular-1 internode of oat (avena sativa l.) shoots so as to contain the graviresponsive leaf-sheath pulvinus and gibberellin-sensitive internodal tissue. incorporation of [14c]glucose was used to monitor cell wall synthesis in these two tissues as affected by gravistimulus, indoleacetic acid (iaa), gibberellic acid (ga3), and fusicoccin (fc). pulvinar cell wall synthesis was promoted by iaa and fc (both within about 1 h), as well as by gravistimulus (starting bet ...	1995	11536686
basis for changes in the auxin-sensitivity of avena sativa (oat) leaf-sheath pulvini during the gravitropic response.	during the gravitropic response, auxin-sensitivity of the lower flanks of leaf-sheath pulvini of avena sativa (oat) is at least 1000-fold higher than those of the upper flanks and non-gravistimulated pulvini. when the pulvini are treated with 1 mm ca2+, a 10-fold increase in auxin-sensitivity of the pulvini is observed. related to this difference in auxin-sensitivity, in vitro activation of the vanadate-sensitive h(-)-atpase by iaa was observed. results show that the activation of the h(+)-atpas ...	1995	11538414
pollen allergen homologues in barley and other crop species.	pollen from 10 agricultural plant species was surveyed for the presence of proteins crossreactive with group i, group iv and group ix allergens. barley (hordeum vulgare), maize (zea mays), rye (secale cerale), triticale (xtriticosecale cereale), oats (avena sativa), canola (brassica napus) and sunflower (helianthus annus) pollens contained numerous allergen cognate proteins. northern blot analysis of barley pollen rna revealed the presence of group i and group ix allergen transcripts. the barley ...	1995	7537171
use of paromomycin as a selective agent for oat transformation.	friable, embryogenic oat (avena sativa l.) tissue cultures were stably transformed with two different plasmids containing the e. coli tn5 neomycin phosphotransferase ii gene (npt ii). selection was accomplished using the antibiotic paromomycin sulfate following microprojectile bombardment. from two independent experiments, 88 paromomycin-resistant tissue cultures were shown to be transgenic based on southern blot analysis and detection of the neomycin phosphotransferase (npt ii) protein using el ...	1995	24194311
interactions between heterodera avenae and pratylenchus neglectus on wheat.	in a long-term field experiment, differential population densities of heterodera avenae were produced by frequent cropping with resistant (cv. panema) or susceptible (cv. peniarth) oat. the two oat cultivars were equally good hosts of pratylenchus neglectus in a glass house experiment with field soil. on wheat crops grown after oats in field experiments, p. neglectus population densities in roots were higher in plots where h. avenae had been controlled than in plots with moderate infestations (4 ...	1994	19279901