Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| complete nucleotide sequences of two closely related tobacco rattle virus rna2s for which previously possibly only deletion/recombination mutants had been described. | the almost complete nucleotide (nt) sequences lacking only short primer-derived 5' and 3' terminal portions were determined for the rna2s of two closely related tobacco rattle virus (trv) isolates which were detected in recently infected roots of nicotiana benthamiana bait plants (isolate hab) or of field-grown potato plants (isolate haw), respectively. the sequences of c. 1350 5' proximal nts in these rna2s were almost identical to those in four previously described trv isolates from potatoes i ... | 2015 | 25791737 |
| developmentally regulated plasma membrane protein of nicotiana benthamiana contributes to potyvirus movement and transports to plasmodesmata via the early secretory pathway and the actomyosin system. | the intercellular movement of plant viruses requires both viral and host proteins. previous studies have demonstrated that the frame-shift protein p3n-pipo (for the protein encoded by the open reading frame [orf] containing 5'-terminus of p3 and a +2 frame-shift orf called pretty interesting potyviridae orf and embedded in the p3) and cylindrical inclusion (ci) proteins were required for potyvirus cell-to-cell movement. here, we provide genetic evidence showing that a tobacco vein banding mosaic ... | 2015 | 25540331 |
| mitochondrial alternative oxidase is involved in both compatible and incompatible host-virus combinations in nicotiana benthamiana. | the alternative oxidase (aox) functions in the resistance to biotic stress. however, the mechanisms of aox in the systemic antiviral defense response and n (a typical resistance gene)-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) are elusive. a chemical approach was undertaken to investigate the role of nbaox in the systemic resistance to rna viruses. furthermore, we used a virus-induced gene-silencing (vigs)-based genetics approach to investigate the function of aox in the n-mediated resist ... | 2015 | 26398788 |
| genetic diversity and silencing suppression activity of the p22 protein of tomato chlorosis virus isolates from tomato and sweet pepper. | as for other bipartite criniviruses (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae), the genome of tomato chlorosis virus encodes an rna silencing suppressor, the protein p22, in the 3'-proximal region of rna1. this protein has been reported as having one of the longest lasting local suppressor activities when transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. here, we examined the genetic diversity of the p22 gene in tocv isolates from tomato and sweet pepper. the p22 gene sequences clearly grouped int ... | 2015 | 26334965 |
| the multifunctional protein ci of potyviruses plays interlinked and distinct roles in viral genome replication and intercellular movement. | the multifunctional cylindrical inclusion (ci) protein of potyviruses contains atp binding and rna helicase activities. as part of the viral replication complex, it assists viral genome replication, possibly by binding to rna and unwinding the rna duplex. it also functions in viral cell-to-cell movement, likely via the formation of conical structures at plasmodesmata (pd) and the interaction with coat protein (cp). | 2015 | 26373859 |
| small rna profiles of wild-type and silencing suppressor-deficient tomato spotted wilt virus infected nicotiana benthamiana. | tospoviruses are plant-infecting viruses belonging to the family bunyaviridae. we used a collection of wild-type, phylogenetically distinct tomato spotted wilt virus isolates and related silencing-suppressor defective mutants to study the effects on the small rna (srna) accumulation during infection of nicotiana benthamiana. our data showed that absence of a functional silencing suppressor determined a marked increase of the total amount of viral srnas (vsrnas), and specifically of the 21 nt cla ... | 2015 | 26047586 |
| untranslatable tospoviral nss fragment coupled with l conserved region enhances transgenic resistance against the homologous virus and a serologically unrelated tospovirus. | tospoviruses cause severe damages to important crops worldwide. in this study, nicotiana benthamiana transgenic lines carrying individual untranslatable constructs comprised of the conserved region of the l gene (denoted as l), the 5' half of nss coding sequence (nss) or the antisense fragment of whole n coding sequence (n) of watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov), individually or in combination, were generated. a total of 15-17 transgenic n. benthamiana lines carrying individual transgenes wer ... | 2015 | 25721329 |
| differential response of diverse solanaceous hosts to tomato leaf curl new delhi virus infection indicates coordinated action of nbs-lrr and rnai-mediated host defense. | tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv) is a bipartite begomovirus (family geminiviridae) that infects a wide range of plants. tolcndv has emerged as an important pathogen and a serious threat to tomato production in india. a comparative and molecular analysis of tolcndv pathogenesis was performed on diverse solanaceous hosts (capsicum annuum, nicotiana benthamiana, n. tabacum, and solanum lycopersicum). n. benthamiana was found to be the most susceptible host, whereas c. annuum showed resist ... | 2015 | 25894479 |
| gene targeting by the tal effector pthxo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice. | bacterial blight of rice is caused by the γ-proteobacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which utilizes a group of type iii tal (transcription activator-like) effectors to induce host gene expression and condition host susceptibility. five sweet genes are functionally redundant to support bacterial disease, but only two were experimentally proven targets of natural tal effectors. here, we report the identification of the sucrose transporter gene ossweet13 as the disease-susceptibility gene for ... | 2015 | 25824104 |
| the type iii effector avrbs2 in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola suppresses rice immunity and promotes disease development. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in rice. however, little is known about the functions of individual type iii effectors in virulence and pathogenicity of x. oryzae pv. oryzicola. here, we examined the effect of the mutations of 23 putative nontranscription activator-like effector genes on x. oryzae pv. oryzicola virulence. the avrbs2 knock-out mutant was significantly attenuated in virulence to rice. in ... | 2015 | 25688911 |
| mutations in the predicted active site of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae xopq differentially affect virulence, suppression of host innate immunity, and induction of the hr in a nonhost plant. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, secretes a number of effectors through a type 3 secretion system. one of these effectors, called xopq, is required for virulence and suppression of rice innate immune responses induced by the plant cell-wall-degrading enzyme lipase/esterase a (lipa). bioinformatic analysis suggested that xopq is homologous to inosine-uridine nucleoside hydrolases (nh). a structural model of xopq with the protozoan crithidia fasciculata purine ... | 2015 | 25353365 |
| two novel motifs of watermelon silver mottle virus nss protein are responsible for rna silencing suppression and pathogenicity. | the nss protein of watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov) is the rna silencing suppressor and pathogenicity determinant. in this study, serial deletion and point-mutation mutagenesis of conserved regions (cr) of nss protein were performed, and the silencing suppression function was analyzed through agroinfiltration in nicotiana benthamiana plants. we found two amino acid (aa) residues, h113 and y398, are novel functional residues for rna silencing suppression. our further analyses demonstrated t ... | 2015 | 25993336 |
| crispr/cas9-mediated viral interference in plants. | the crispr/cas9 system provides bacteria and archaea with molecular immunity against invading phages and conjugative plasmids. recently, crispr/cas9 has been used for targeted genome editing in diverse eukaryotic species. | 2015 | 26556628 |
| rna interference-based resistance in transgenic tomato plants against tomato yellow leaf curl virus-oman (tylcv-om) and its associated betasatellite. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a monopartite begomovirus (family geminiviridae) is responsible for heavy yield losses for tomato production around the globe. in oman at least five distinct begomoviruses cause disease in tomato, including tylcv. unusually, tylcv infections in oman are sometimes associated with a betasatellite (tomato leaf curl betasatellite [tolcb]; a symptom modulating satellite). rna interference (rnai) can be used to develop resistance against begomoviruses at either t ... | 2015 | 25890080 |
| a spectrum of hrt-dependent hypersensitive responses elicited by the 52 amino acid n-terminus of turnip crinkle virus capsid protein and its mutants. | the capsid protein (cp) of turnip crinkle virus (tcv) is the elicitor of hypersensitive response (hr) and resistance mediated by the resistance protein hrt in the di-17 ecotype of arabidopsis. here we identified the n-terminal 52-amino-acid r domain of tcv cp as the elicitor of hrt-dependent hr in nicotiana benthamiana. mutating this domain at position 6 (r6a), but not at positions 8 (r8a) or 14 (g14a), abolished hr in n. benthamiana. however, on di-17 arabidopsis leaves only r8a r domain elicit ... | 2015 | 25656064 |
| plant-based production of two chimeric monoclonal igg antibodies directed against immunodominant epitopes of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide. | we have produced and characterized two chimeric human igg1 monoclonal antibodies that bind different immunodominant epitopes on vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps). mab 2d6 igg1 recognizes ogawa o-polysaccharide antigen, while mab zac-3 igg1 recognizes core/lipid a moiety of ogawa and inaba lps. both antibodies were expressed using a nicotiana benthamiana-based rapid antibody-manufacturing platform (ramp) and evaluated in vitro for activities associated with immunity to v. cholerae, includi ... | 2015 | 25865265 |
| over-expression of rice cbs domain containing protein, oscbsx3, confers rice resistance to magnaporthe oryzae inoculation. | cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domain containing proteins (cdcps) constitute a big family in plants and some members in this family have been implicated in a variety of biological processes, but the precise functions and the underlying mechanism of the majority of this family in plant immunity remain to be elucidated. in the present study, a cbs domain containing protein gene, oscbsx3, is functionally characterized in rice resistance against magnaporthe oryzae (m. oryzae). by quantitative real-t ... | 2015 | 26184180 |
| global genome and transcriptome analyses of magnaporthe oryzae epidemic isolate 98-06 uncover novel effectors and pathogenicity-related genes, revealing gene gain and lose dynamics in genome evolution. | genome dynamics of pathogenic organisms are driven by pathogen and host co-evolution, in which pathogen genomes are shaped to overcome stresses imposed by hosts with various genetic backgrounds through generation of a variety of isolates. this same principle applies to the rice blast pathogen magnaporthe oryzae and the rice host; however, genetic variations among different isolates of m. oryzae remain largely unknown, particularly at genome and transcriptome levels. here, we applied genomic and ... | 2015 | 25837042 |
| multiple avirulence loci and allele-specific effector recognition control the pm3 race-specific resistance of wheat to powdery mildew. | in cereals, several mildew resistance genes occur as large allelic series; for example, in wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum), 17 functional pm3 alleles confer agronomically important race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis). the molecular basis of race specificity has been characterized in wheat, but little is known about the corresponding avirulence genes in powdery mildew. here, we dissected the genetics of avirulence for six pm3 alleles and found that three ... | 2015 | 26452600 |
| the ghkl atpase morc1 modulates species-specific plant immunity in solanaceae. | the microrchidia (morc) proteins, a subset of the ghkl atpase superfamily, were recently described as components involved in transcriptional gene silencing and plant immunity in arabidopsis. to assess the role of morc1 during resistance to phytophthora infestans in solanaceous species, we altered the expression of the corresponding morc1 homologs in potato, tomato, and nicotiana benthamiana. basal resistance to p. infestans was compromised in stmorc1-silenced potato and enhanced in overexpressin ... | 2015 | 25822715 |
| immune activation mediated by the late blight resistance protein r1 requires nuclear localization of r1 and the effector avr1. | resistance against oomycete pathogens is mainly governed by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nlr) receptors that recognize matching avirulence (avr) proteins from the pathogen, rxlr effectors that are delivered inside host cells. detailed molecular understanding of how and where nlr proteins and rxlr effectors interact is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (r) genes. fluorescent tags, nuclear localization signals (nlss) and nuclear export signals (ness) ... | 2015 | 25760731 |
| l-type lectin receptor kinases in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato and their role in phytophthora resistance. | membrane-bound receptors play crucial roles as sentinels of plant immunity against a large variety of invading microbes. one class of receptors known to be involved in self/non-self-surveillance and plant resistance comprises the l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrks). previously, we reported that several arabidopsis lecrks play a role in resistance to phytophthora pathogens. in this study, we determined whether homologues of these lecrks from the solanaceous plants nicotiana benthamiana and to ... | 2015 | 26248665 |
| arabidopsis lectin receptor kinases lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2 are functional analogs in regulating phytophthora resistance and plant cell death. | l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrk) are potential immune receptors. here, we characterized two closely-related arabidopsis lecrk, lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2, of which t-dna insertion mutants showed compromised resistance to phytophthora brassicae and phytophthora capsici, with double mutants showing additive susceptibility. overexpression of lecrk-ix.1 or lecrk-ix.2 in arabidopsis and transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana increased phytophthora resistance but also induced cell death. p ... | 2015 | 26011556 |
| two cytoplasmic effectors of phytophthora sojae regulate plant cell death via interactions with plant catalases. | plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as phytophthora sojae, secrete an arsenal of host cytoplasmic effectors to promote infection. we have shown previously that p. sojae pscrn63 (for crinkling- and necrosis-inducing proteins) induces programmed cell death (pcd) while pscrn115 blocks pcd in planta; however, they are jointly required for full pathogenesis. here, we find that pscrn63 alone or pscrn63 and pscrn115 together might suppress the immune responses of nicotiana benthamiana and demonstrate that ... | 2015 | 25424308 |
| a phytophthora sojae cytoplasmic effector mediates disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | each oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of effectors. some effectors can be used in crop disease resistance breeding, such as to accelerate r gene cloning and utilisation. since cytoplasmic effectors may cause acute physiological changes in host cells at very low concentrations, we assume that some of these effectors can serve as functional genes for transgenic plants. here, we generated transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants that express a phytophthora sojae crn (crinkling and necrosis) ... | 2015 | 26039925 |
| tomato sobir1/evr homologs are involved in elicitin perception and plant defense against the oomycete pathogen phytophthora parasitica. | during host-pathogen interactions, pattern recognition receptors form complexes with proteins, such as receptor-like kinases, to elicit pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (pti), an evolutionarily conserved plant defense program. however, little is known about the components of the receptor complex, as are the molecular events leading to pti induced by the oomycete phytophthora pathogen. here, we demonstrate that tomato (solanum lycopersicum) slsobir1 and slsobir1-like genes ... | 2015 | 25710821 |
| natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit: transcriptional regulation of terpene synthases by nac and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factors. | two kiwifruit (actinidia) species with contrasting terpene profiles were compared to understand the regulation of fruit monoterpene production. high rates of terpinolene production in ripe actinidia arguta fruit were correlated with increasing gene and protein expression of a. arguta terpene synthase1 (aatps1) and correlated with an increase in transcript levels of the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs). actinidia chinensis terpene sy ... | 2015 | 25649633 |
| expression of mouse mgat in arabidopsis results in increased lipid accumulation in seeds. | worldwide demand for vegetable oil is projected to double within the next 30 years due to increasing food, fuel, and industrial requirements. there is therefore great interest in metabolic engineering strategies that boost oil accumulation in plant tissues, however, efforts to date have only achieved levels of storage lipid accumulation in plant tissues far below the benchmark to meet demand. monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (mgat) is predominantly associated with lipid absorption and resynthesi ... | 2015 | 26834753 |
| arp2/3 complex subunit arpc2 binds to microtubules. | arp2/3 complex plays a fundamental role in the nucleation of actin filaments (afs) in yeasts, plants, and animals. in plants, the aberrant shaping and elongation of several types of epidermal cells observed in arp2/3 complex knockout plant mutants suggest the importance of arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation for various morphogenetic processes. here we show that arpc2, a core arp2/3 complex subunit, interacts with both actin filaments (afs) and microtubules (mts). plant gfp-arpc2 expressed in nicot ... | 2015 | 26706062 |
| myosin-powered membrane compartment drives cytoplasmic streaming, cell expansion and plant development. | using genetic approaches, particle image velocimetry and an inert tracer of cytoplasmic streaming, we have made a mechanistic connection between the motor proteins (myosins xi), cargo transported by these motors (distinct endomembrane compartment defined by membrane-anchored myob receptors) and the process of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells. it is shown that the myob compartment in nicotiana benthamiana is highly dynamic moving with the mean velocity of ~3 μm/sec. in contrast, golgi, mitoch ... | 2015 | 26426395 |
| grapevine and arabidopsis cation-chloride cotransporters localize to the golgi and trans-golgi network and indirectly influence long-distance ion transport and plant salt tolerance. | plant cation-chloride cotransporters (cccs) have been implicated in conferring salt tolerance. they are predicted to improve shoot salt exclusion by directly catalyzing the retrieval of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) ions from the root xylem. we investigated whether grapevine (vitis vinifera [vvi]) ccc has a role in salt tolerance by cloning and functionally characterizing the gene from the cultivar cabernet sauvignon. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that vviccc shares a high degree o ... | 2015 | 26378102 |
| the bifurcation of the cyanogenic glucoside and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways. | the biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum has previously been shown to involve the sequential production of (e)- and (z)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. in this study we used microsomes prepared from wild-type and mutant sorghum or transiently transformed nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate that cyp79a1 catalyzes conversion of tyrosine to (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime whereas cyp71e1 catalyzes conversion of (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into the corresponding geo ... | 2015 | 26361733 |
| a crispr/cas9 toolbox for multiplexed plant genome editing and transcriptional regulation. | the relative ease, speed, and biological scope of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated protein9 (cas9)-based reagents for genomic manipulations are revolutionizing virtually all areas of molecular biosciences, including functional genomics, genetics, applied biomedical research, and agricultural biotechnology. in plant systems, however, a number of hurdles currently exist that limit this technology from reaching its full potential. for example, sig ... | 2015 | 26297141 |
| expression and functional analysis of wrky transcription factors in chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla fisch. | plant wrky transcription factors are known to regulate various biotic and abiotic stress responses. in this study we identified a total of 30 putative wrky unigenes in a transcriptome dataset of the chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla, a species that is noted for its cold tolerance. thirteen full-length of these chwrky genes were cloned and found to encode complete protein sequences, and they were divided into three groups, based on the number of wrky domains and the pattern of zinc finger ... | 2015 | 26270529 |
| transcriptional transitions in nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon induction of oil synthesis by wrinkled1 homologs from diverse species and tissues. | carbon accumulation and remobilization are essential mechanisms in plants to ensure energy transfer between plant tissues with different functions or metabolic needs and to support new generations. knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. here, the effect on global gene expression as well as on physiological changes in leaves transiently ... | 2015 | 26253704 |
| distinct cellular locations of carbonic anhydrases mediate carbon dioxide control of stomatal movements. | elevated carbon dioxide (co2) in leaves closes stomatal apertures. research has shown key functions of the β-carbonic anhydrases (βca1 and βca4) in rapid co2-induced stomatal movements by catalytic transmission of the co2 signal in guard cells. however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, because initial studies indicate that these arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) βcas are targeted to distinct intracellular compartments upon expression in tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) cells. which cell ... | 2015 | 26243620 |
| a novel gene, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1, enhances cell death in ozone stress in rice. | a novel protein, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1 (osorap1), was characterized, which was previously suggested as a candidate gene underlying ozt9, a quantitative trait locus for ozone stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). the sequence of osorap1 was similar to that of ascorbate oxidase (ao) proteins. it was localized in the apoplast, as shown by transient expression of an osorap1/green fluorescent protein fusion construct in nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal and mesophyll cells, but d ... | 2015 | 26220952 |
| degradation of class e mads-domain transcription factors in arabidopsis by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen. | members of the sepallata (sep) gene sub-family encode class e floral homeotic mads-domain transcription factors (mads tfs) that specify the identity of floral organs. the arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 4 ancestrally duplicated and functionally redundant sep genes, sep1-4. recently, a gene family of unique effectors, phyllogens, was identified as an inducer of leaf-like floral organs in phytoplasmas (plant pathogenic bacteria). while it was shown that phyllogens target some mads tfs, includ ... | 2015 | 26179462 |
| in silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in solanaceae genomes. | two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (xyg). these findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that xyg of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. in order to produce fucosylated xyg, plants must express a functional galactoside α-2-fucosyltransferase. here, using a bioinformatics approach, we show that several candidate genes coding for xyg fucosyltran ... | 2015 | 26176901 |
| the nucleolar gtpase nucleostemin-like 1 plays a role in plant growth and senescence by modulating ribosome biogenesis. | nucleostemin is a nucleolar gtp-binding protein that is involved in stem cell proliferation, embryonic development, and ribosome biogenesis in mammals. plant nucleostemin-like 1 (nsn1) plays a role in embryogenesis, and apical and floral meristem development. in this study, a nucleolar function of nsn1 in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis was identified. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fused nsn1 localized to the nucleolus, which was primarily determined by its n-terminal domain. recombinant ... | 2015 | 26163696 |
| acpip2, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein from halophyte atriplex canescens, enhances plant growth rate and abiotic stress tolerance when overexpressed in arabidopsis thaliana. | an aquaporin protein acpip2 from atriplex canescens was involved in plant growth rate, abiotic stress tolerance in arabidopsis. under limited water condition, acpip2 leaded to the sensitivity to drought stress. an aquaporin protein (acpip2) was obtained from the saltbush atriplex canescens, which was in pip2 subgroup belonging to the pip subfamily, mip superfamily. the subcellular localization of acpip2 showed the fusion protein acpip2-egfp located at the plasma membrane in nicotiana benthamiana ... | 2015 | 25947559 |
| characterization of plants expressing the human β1,4-galactosyltrasferase gene. | modification of the plant n-glycosylation pathway towards human type structures is an important strategy to implement plants as expression systems for therapeutic proteins. nevertheless, relatively little is known about the overall impact of non-plant glycosylation enzymes in stable transformed plants. here, we analyzed transgenic lines (nicotiana benthamiana and arabidopsis thaliana) that stably express a modified version of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase ((st)galt). while some transgenic pla ... | 2015 | 25900423 |
| arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1), a homedomain-leucine zipper i (hd-zip i) transcription factor, is regulated by phytochrome-interacting factor 1 to promote hypocotyl elongation. | arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1) is a homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor described as a transcriptional activator with unknown function. its role in a. thaliana development was investigated. athb1 expression was analyzed in transgenic plants bearing its promoter region fused to reporter genes. knock-down mutant and overexpressor plant phenotypes were analyzed in different photoperiod regimes. athb1 was mainly expressed in hypocotyls and roots and up-regulated in seedlings gro ... | 2015 | 25865500 |
| arabinogalactan biosynthesis: implication of atgalt29a enzyme activity regulated by phosphorylation and co-localized enzymes for nucleotide sugar metabolism in the compartments outside of the golgi apparatus. | arabinogalactan proteins are abundant cell surface proteoglycans in plants and are implicated to act as developmental markers during plant growth. we previously reported that atgalt31a, atgalt29a, and atglcat14a-c, which are involved in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan proteins, localize not only to the golgi cisternae but also to smaller compartments, which may be a part of the unconventional protein secretory pathway in plants. in poulsen et al., (1) we have demonstrated increased targeting ... | 2015 | 25723364 |
| cloning and functional validation of molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene from ammopiptanthus nanus. | the molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene ( anmcsu ) was cloned from xerophytic desert plant ammopiptanthus nanus and validated for its function of tolerance toward abiotic stresses by heterologous expression in arabidopsis thaliana. molybdenum cofactor sulfurase participates in catalyzing biosynthesis of abscisic acid, which plays a crucial role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. in this study, we cloned molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (anmcsu) from a super-xerophytic desert plant, ... | 2015 | 25721201 |
| the phenylpropanoid pathway is controlled at different branches by a set of r2r3-myb c2 repressors in grapevine. | because of the vast range of functions that phenylpropanoids possess, their synthesis requires precise spatiotemporal coordination throughout plant development and in response to the environment. the accumulation of these secondary metabolites is transcriptionally controlled by positive and negative regulators from the myb and basic helix-loop-helix protein families. we characterized four grapevine (vitis vinifera) r2r3-myb proteins from the c2 repressor motif clade, all of which harbor the ethy ... | 2015 | 25659381 |
| the brassica napus receptor-like protein rlm2 is encoded by a second allele of the lepr3/rlm2 blackleg resistance locus. | leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (lrr-rlps) are highly adaptable parts of the signalling apparatus for extracellular detection of plant pathogens. resistance to blackleg disease of brassica spp. caused by leptosphaeria maculans is largely governed by host race-specific r-genes, including the lrr-rlp gene lepr3. the blackleg resistance gene rlm2 was previously mapped to the same genetic interval as lepr3. in this study, the lepr3 locus of the rlm2 brassica napus line 'glacier dh24287' w ... | 2015 | 25644479 |
| agrobacterium t-dna integration into the plant genome can occur without the activity of key non-homologous end-joining proteins. | non-homologous end joining (nhej) is the major model proposed for agrobacterium t-dna integration into the plant genome. in animal cells, several proteins, including ku70, ku80, artemis, dna-pkcs, dna ligase iv (lig4), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm), and atm- and rad3-related (atr), play an important role in 'classical' (c)nhej. other proteins, including histone h1 (hon1), xrcc1, and parp1, participate in a 'backup' (b)nhej process. we examined transient and stable transformation frequencie ... | 2015 | 25641249 |
| comparison of vhh-fc antibody production in arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana benthamiana and pichia pastoris. | vhhs or nanobodies are widely acknowledged as interesting diagnostic and therapeutic tools. however, for some applications, multivalent antibody formats, such as the dimeric vhh-fc format, are desired to increase the functional affinity. the scope of this study was to compare transient expression of diagnostic vhh-fc antibodies in nicotiana benthamiana leaves with their stable expression in arabidopsis thaliana seeds and pichia pastoris. to this end, vhh-fc antibodies targeting green fluorescent ... | 2015 | 25641071 |
| molecular analysis and localization of caara7 a conventional rab5 gtpase from characean algae. | rab5 gtpases are important regulators of endosomal membrane traffic. among them arabidopsis thaliana ara7/rabf2b is highly conserved and homologues are present in fungal, animal and plant kingdoms. in land plants ara7 and its homologues are involved in endocytosis and transport towards the vacuole. here we report on the isolation of an ara7 homologue (caara7/carabf2) in the highly evolved characean green alga chara australis. it encodes a polypeptide of 202 amino acids with a calculated molecula ... | 2015 | 25639563 |
| the importance of the kr-rich region of the coat protein of ourmia melon virus for host specificity, tissue tropism, and interference with antiviral defense. | the n-terminal region of the ourmia melon virus (oumv) coat protein (cp) contains a short lysine/arginine-rich (kr) region. by alanine scanning mutagenesis, we showed that the kr region influences pathogenicity and virulence of oumv without altering viral particle assembly. a mutant, called oumv6710, with three basic residue substitutions in the kr region, was impaired in the ability to maintain the initial systemic infection in nicotiana benthamiana and to infect both cucumber and melon plants ... | 2015 | 25494356 |
| attenuation of histone methyltransferase kryptonite-mediated transcriptional gene silencing by geminivirus. | although histone h3k9 methylation has been intensively studied in animals and a model plant arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the evolution of the histone methyltransferase and its roles in plant biotic stress response. here we identified a nicotiana benthamiana homolog of h3k9 histone methyltransferase kryptonite (nbkyp) and demonstrated its fundamental roles on methylation of plant and virus, beside of leading to the suppression of endogenous gene expression and virus replication. nb ... | 2015 | 26602265 |
| techno-economic analysis of horseradish peroxidase production using a transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. | despite the advantages of plant-based transient expression systems relative to microbial or mammalian cell systems, the commercial production of recombinant proteins using plants has not yet been achieved to any significant extent. one of the challenges has been the lack of published data on the costs of manufacture for products other than biopharmaceuticals. in this study, we report on the techno-economic analysis of the production of a standard commercial enzyme, namely, horseradish peroxidase ... | 2015 | 25344434 |
| the receptor-like kinase sobir1 interacts with brassica napus lepr3 and is required for leptosphaeria maculans avrlm1-triggered immunity. | the fungus leptosphaeria maculans (l. maculans) is the causal agent of blackleg disease of canola/oilseed rape (brassica napus) worldwide. we previously reported cloning of the b. napus blackleg resistance gene, lepr3, which encodes a receptor-like protein. lepr3 triggers localized cell death upon recognition of its cognate avr protein, avrlm1. here, we exploited the nicotiana benthamiana model plant to investigate the recognition mechanism of avrlm1 by lepr3. co-expression of the lepr3/avrlm1 g ... | 2015 | 26579176 |
| crystal structure of the effector avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans reveals insights into its translocation into plant cells and recognition by resistance proteins. | the avirulence gene avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of stem canker in brassica napus (oilseed rape), confers a dual specificity of recognition by two resistance genes (rlm4 and rlm7) and is strongly involved in fungal fitness. in order to elucidate the biological function of avrlm4-7 and understand the specificity of recognition by rlm4 and rlm7, the avrlm4-7 protein was produced in pichia pastoris and its crystal structure was determined. it revealed the presence of four di ... | 2015 | 26082394 |
| enhanced seed oil content by overexpressing genes related to triacylglyceride synthesis. | oilseed rape (brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops globally. to meet increasing demand for oil-based products, the ability to enhance desirable oil content in the seed is required. this study assessed the capability of five genes in the triacylglyceride (tag) synthesis pathway to enhance oil content. the genes bngpdh, bngpat, bndgat, scgpdh and sclpaat were overexpressed separately in a tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) model system, and simultaneously by pyramiding in b. nap ... | 2015 | 25523093 |
| oxidation and phosphorylation of map kinase 4 cause protein aggregation. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mpk) cascades are highly conserved signaling pathways that respond to environmental cues. arabidopsis mpk4 has been identified as a stress-responsive protein kinase. here we demonstrate that brassica napus mpk4 (bnmpk4) is activated by hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and phytohormone abscisic acid (aba). transient expression of a constitutively active bnmpk4 causes h2o2 production and cell death in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. however, little is known about how h2o2 c ... | 2015 | 25433264 |
| the cotton wrky gene ghwrky41 positively regulates salt and drought stress tolerance in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | wrky transcription factors constitute a very large family of proteins in plants and participate in modulating plant biological processes, such as growth, development and stress responses. however, the exact roles of wrky proteins are unclear, particularly in non-model plants. in this study, gossypium hirsutum wrky41 (ghwrky41) was isolated and transformed into nicotiana benthamiana. our results showed that overexpression of ghwrky41 enhanced the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic ni ... | 2015 | 26562293 |
| overexpression of ghwrky27a reduces tolerance to drought stress and resistance to rhizoctonia solani infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | wrky proteins constitute transcriptional regulators involved in various biological processes, especially in coping with diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. however, in contrast to other well-characterized wrky groups, the functions of group iii wrky transcription factors are poorly understood in the economically important crop cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study, a group iii wrky gene from cotton, ghwrky27a, was isolated and characterized. our data indicated that ghwrky27a localized to t ... | 2015 | 26483697 |
| heterologous expression of moss light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (lhcsr1), the chlorophyll a-xanthophyll pigment-protein complex catalyzing non-photochemical quenching, in nicotiana sp. | oxygenic photosynthetic organisms evolved mechanisms for thermal dissipation of energy absorbed in excess to prevent formation of reactive oxygen species. the major and fastest component, called non-photochemical quenching, occurs within the photosystem ii antenna system by the action of two essential light-harvesting complex (lhc)-like proteins, photosystem ii subunit s (psbs) in plants and light-harvesting complex stress-related (lhcsr) in green algae and diatoms. in the evolutionary intermedi ... | 2015 | 26260788 |
| challenges in electrochemical pre-purification of recombinant proteins from green plant tissues: sgfp produced in tobacco leaves. | the use of recombinant proteins has increased greatly in recent years, as have the number of techniques and materials used for their production and purification. the principal advantage of using plants as bioreactors is the cost of the recombinant protein production, which is about 1000-fold lower as in the case of using cho cells commonly applied in industry today. among the different types of "green" bioreactors being studied today, there is a general consensus among scientists that production ... | 2015 | 22989991 |
| genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the phospholipase c gene family in soybean (glycine max). | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to produce diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. it plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress responses. however, systematic analysis and expression profiling of the phospholipase c (plc) gene family in soybean have not been reported. in this study, 12 putative plc genes were identified in the soybean genome. soybean plcs were found on chromosomes 2, 11, 14 and ... | 2015 | 26421918 |
| accumulation of cynaropicrin in globe artichoke and localization of enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) belongs to the asteraceae family, in which one of the most biologically significant class of secondary metabolites are sesquiterpene lactones (stls). in globe artichoke the principal stl is the cynaropicrin, which contributes to approximately 80% of its characteristic bitter taste. cynaropicrin content was assessed in globe artichoke tissues and was observed to accumulate in leaves of different developmental stages. in the receptacle, a progress ... | 2015 | 26398797 |
| a plant-produced bacteriophage tailspike protein for the control of salmonella. | the receptor binding domain of the tailspike protein gp9 from the p22 bacteriophage was recently shown to reduce salmonella colonization in the chicken gut. in this study, we transiently expressed the receptor binding domain of the gp9 tailspike protein in nicotiana benthamiana, and targeted it to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) or to the chloroplasts. gp9 was also fused to either an elastin-like polypeptide (elp) or hydrophobin i tag, which were previously described to improve accumulation level ... | 2015 | 26779243 |
| identification and genome organization of saponin pathway genes from a wild crucifer, and their use for transient production of saponins in nicotiana benthamiana. | the ability to evolve novel metabolites has been instrumental for the defence of plants against antagonists. a few species in the barbarea genus are the only crucifers known to produce saponins, some of which make plants resistant to specialist herbivores, like plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. genetic mapping in barbarea vulgaris revealed that genes for saponin biosynthesis are not clustered but are located in different linkage groups. using co-location with quantitative trait loci (qt ... | 2015 | 26333142 |
| pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus: a legume-infecting emaravirus from south asia. | pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (ppsmv), a species of the genus emaravirus, is the causal agent of sterility mosaic disease (smd) of pigeonpea [cajanus cajan (l.) millsp]. this disease, dubbed the 'green plague', as the infected plants remain in the vegetative state without flower production, has been reported from india and a few other south-east asian countries. smd is estimated to result in an annual yield loss of over us$300 million in india alone. the aetiology of smd, which remained a mys ... | 2015 | 25640756 |
| metabolic engineering of medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in nicotiana benthamiana plant leaf lipids. | various research groups are investigating the production of oil in non-seed biomass such as leaves. recently, high levels of oil accumulation have been achieved in plant biomass using a combination of biotechnological approaches which also resulted in significant changes to the fatty acid composition of the leaf oil. in this study, we were interested to determine whether medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) could be accumulated in leaf oil. mcfa are an ideal feedstock for biodiesel and a range of ole ... | 2015 | 25852716 |
| cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of a nucleoporin gene (rgnup98-96) from rehmannia glutinosa. | nucleoporin 98 (nup98) and nucleoporin 96 (nup96) are essential components of the nuclear pore complex (npc) in eukaryote cells. however, there is a lack of available information about complete rehmannia glutinosa nup98-96 (rgnup98-96) sequences. here, the full-length cdna sequence of rgnup96-98 was isolated from r. glutinosa using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technology, based on a cloned cdna sequence (genbank accession no. jz483329). the identified rgnup98-96 was 3476 bp, and it en ... | 2015 | 26505455 |
| plant expression systems for early stage discovery and development of lead therapeutic antibodies. | antibodies for human clinical applications are predominantly produced in mammalian expression systems, with chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells being the gold standard. cho cells are ideal for the manufacturing of the igg class of antibodies, but not for the production of complex antibodies like secretory igas (sigas) and igms, which remain unavailable for clinical use. in contrast, plant seeds and leaves hold the promise to produce sigas, igms and similar complex antibody formats to scalable amou ... | 2015 | 27472860 |
| genome-wide analysis reveals dynamic changes in expression of micrornas during vascular cambium development in chinese fir, cunninghamia lanceolata. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding regulatory rnas that play key roles in the process of plant development. to date, extensive studies of mirnas have been performed in a few model plants, but few efforts have focused on small rnas (srnas) in conifers because of the lack of reference sequences for their enormous genomes. in this study, solexa sequencing of three srna libraries obtained from dormant, reactivating, and active vascular cambium in chinese fir (cunninghamia lanceolata) using tangen ... | 2015 | 25795740 |
| "self" and "non-self" in the control of phytoalexin biosynthesis: plant phospholipases a2 with alkaloid-specific molecular fingerprints. | the overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. we present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. cultured cells of eschscholzia californica (papaveraceae) and catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial eli ... | 2015 | 25670767 |
| identification of a new tospovirus causing necrotic ringspot on tomato in china. | emerging tospoviruses cause significant yield losses and quality reduction in vegetables, ornamentals, and legumes throughout the world. so far, eight tospoviruses were reported in china. tomato fruits displaying necrotic and concentric ringspot symptoms were found in guizhou province of southwest china. | 2014 | 25465801 |
| identification of photoperiod-regulated gene in soybean and functional analysis in nicotiana benthamiana. | soybean (glycine max) is a short-day crop and the photoperiod is a crucial factor regulating its flowering time. to investigate the molecular mechanism controlling the flowering time by photoperiod in soybean, cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) was used to identify photoperiod-regulated genes in leaves of soybean growing under short-day length, neutral photoperiod and long-day length. a total of 36 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) were identified to be regulated by photop ... | 2014 | 24840822 |
| the cotton wrky transcription factor ghwrky17 functions in drought and salt stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana through aba signaling and the modulation of reactive oxygen species production. | drought and high salinity are two major environmental factors that significantly limit the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. wrky transcription factors play essential roles in the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. however, wrky genes involved in drought and salt tolerance in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) are largely unknown. here, a group iid wrky gene, ghwrky17, was isolated and characterized. ghwrky17 was found to be induced after exposure to drought, salt, h2o2 and aba. the ... | 2014 | 25261532 |
| the production of recombinant cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides in plant cells induces the formation of protein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. | synthetic linear antimicrobial peptides with cationic α-helical structures, such as bp100, are valuable as novel therapeutics and preservatives. however, they tend to be toxic when expressed at high levels as recombinant peptides in plants, and they can be difficult to detect and isolate from complex plant tissues because they are strongly cationic and display low extinction coefficient and extremely limited immunogenicity. we therefore expressed bp100 with a c-terminal tag which preserved its a ... | 2014 | 24102775 |
| the arabidopsis edr1 protein kinase negatively regulates the atl1 e3 ubiquitin ligase to suppress cell death. | loss-of-function mutations in the arabidopsis thaliana enhanced disease resistance1 (edr1) gene confer enhanced programmed cell death under a variety of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. all edr1 mutant phenotypes can be suppressed by missense mutations in the keep on going gene, which encodes a trans-golgi network/early endosome (tgn/ee)-localized e3 ubiquitin ligase. here, we report that edr1 interacts with a second e3 ubiquitin ligase, arabidopsis toxicos en levadura1 (atl1), and negative ... | 2014 | 25398498 |
| cloning and expression profiling of the polycomb gene, retinoblastoma-related protein from tomato solanum lycopersicum l. | cell cycle regulation mechanisms appear to be conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. one of the important proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle processes is retinoblastoma-related protein (rbr), which is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression, controlling the g1/s transition in plants and animals. in this study, we present the cloning and genomic structure of a putative slrbr gene in the tomato solanum lycopersicum l. by isolating cdna clones that correspond to the slrbr ... | 2014 | 25374451 |
| modification of vectors for functional genomic analysis in plants. | simple, efficient, and economical recombinant plant binary expression vectors for deciphering large-scale functional genomic research in plants and promoting crop improvement by genetically engineering and biotechnology is in great demand. in this research, using the pchf3, pcambia1301, pcambia3300, pcambia3301 vectors, we successfully constructed general plant binary expression vectors carrying camv35s and arabidopsis rd29a promoters mediating multiple cloning sites ( | 2014 | 25299096 |
| trans-golgi network localized small gtpase raba1d is involved in cell plate formation and oscillatory root hair growth. | small rab gtpases are important regulators of vesicular trafficking in plants. atraba1d, a member of the raba1 subfamily of small gtpases, was previously found in the vesicle-rich apical dome of growing root hairs suggesting a role during tip growth; however, its specific intracellular localization and role in plants has not been well described. | 2014 | 25260869 |
| the transmembrane domain of n -acetylglucosaminyltransferase i is the key determinant for its golgi subcompartmentation. | golgi-resident type-ii membrane proteins are asymmetrically distributed across the golgi stack. the intrinsic features of the protein that determine its subcompartment-specific concentration are still largely unknown. here, we used a series of chimeric proteins to investigate the contribution of the cytoplasmic, transmembrane and stem region of nicotiana benthamiana n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnti) for its cis/medial-golgi localization and for protein-protein interaction in the golgi. th ... | 2014 | 25230686 |
| significant reduction of bifc non-specific assembly facilitates in planta assessment of heterotrimeric g-protein interactors. | protein networks and signaling cascades are key mechanisms for intra- and intercellular signal transduction. identifying the interacting partners of a protein can provide vital clues regarding its physiological role. the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assay has become a routine tool for in vivo analysis of protein-protein interactions and their subcellular location. although the bifc system has improved since its inception, the available options for in planta analysis are still ... | 2014 | 25187041 |
| simultaneous analysis of apolar phytohormones and 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray negative ion tandem mass spectrometry via 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride derivatization. | a strategy to detect and quantify the polar ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid (acc) along with the more apolar phytohormones abscisic acid (aba), indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), jasmonic acid (ja), jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (ja-ile), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda), trans-zeatin, and trans-zeatin 9-riboside using a single extraction is presented. solid phase resins commonly employed for extraction of phytohormones do not allow the recovery of acc. we circumvent this pr ... | 2014 | 25160953 |
| arabinogalactan glycosyltransferases target to a unique subcellular compartment that may function in unconventional secretion in plants. | we report that fluorescently tagged arabinogalactan glycosyltransferases target not only the golgi apparatus but also uncharacterized smaller compartments when transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. approximately 80% of atgalt31a [arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31 (at1g32930)] was found in the small compartments, of which, 45 and 40% of atgalt29a [arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 29 (at1g08280)] and atglcat14a [arabidopsis thaliana glucurono ... | 2014 | 25074762 |
| atmyb41 activates ectopic suberin synthesis and assembly in multiple plant species and cell types. | suberin is a lipid and phenolic cell wall heteropolymer found in the roots and other organs of all vascular plants. suberin plays a critical role in plant water relations and in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. here we describe a transcription factor, atmyb41 (at4g28110), that can activate the steps necessary for aliphatic suberin synthesis and deposition of cell wall-associated suberin-like lamellae in both arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana. overexpression of atm ... | 2014 | 25060192 |
| arabidopsis msl10 has a regulated cell death signaling activity that is separable from its mechanosensitive ion channel activity. | members of the mscs superfamily of mechanosensitive ion channels function as osmotic safety valves, releasing osmolytes under increased membrane tension. mscs homologs exhibit diverse topology and domain structure, and it has been proposed that the more complex members of the family might have novel regulatory mechanisms or molecular functions. here, we present a study of mscs-like (msl)10 from arabidopsis thaliana that supports these ideas. high-level expression of msl10-gfp in arabidopsis indu ... | 2014 | 25052715 |
| is vip1 important for agrobacterium-mediated transformation? | agrobacterium genetically transforms plants by transferring and integrating t-(transferred) dna into the host genome. this process requires both agrobacterium and host proteins. vire2 interacting protein 1 (vip1), an arabidopsis bzip protein, has been suggested to mediate transformation through interaction with and targeting of vire2 to nuclei. we examined the susceptibility of arabidopsis vip1 mutant and vip1 overexpressing plants to transformation by numerous agrobacterium strains. in no insta ... | 2014 | 24953893 |
| fluorescent protein tagging of arabidopsis mapks for in vivo localization studies. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) are key regulatory elements in many processes. they are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. in plants, mapks are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses; they regulate cell division, cell growth, and also programmed cell death. in vivo visualization of mapks is crucial for understanding of their spatiotemporal organization. cloning of mapk-fluorescent protein fusions might present difficulties related to the preservation of protein-protein int ... | 2014 | 24908125 |
| tools and strategies to match peptide-ligand receptor pairs. | peptide signals have emerged as an important class of regulators in cell-to-cell communication in plants. several families of small, secreted proteins with a conserved c-terminal pro-rich motif have been identified as functional peptide signals in arabidopsis thaliana. these proteins are presumed to be trimmed proteolytically and undergo posttranslational modifications, such as hydroxylation of pro residues and glycosylation, to form mature, bioactive signals. identification and matching of such ... | 2014 | 24808051 |
| plasma membranes are subcompartmentalized into a plethora of coexisting and diverse microdomains in arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana. | eukaryotic plasma membranes are highly compartmentalized structures. so far, only a few individual proteins that function in a wide range of cellular processes have been shown to segregate into microdomains. however, the biological roles of most microdomain-associated proteins are unknown. here, we investigated the heterogeneity of distinct microdomains and the complexity of their coexistence. this diversity was determined in living cells of intact multicellular tissues using 20 different marker ... | 2014 | 24714763 |
| galactosyltransferases from arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type ii arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. | arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process i ... | 2014 | 24693939 |
| arabidopsis pectin methylesterase17 is co-expressed with and processed by sbt3.5, a subtilisin-like serine protease. | in arabidopsis thaliana, the degree of methylesterification (dm) of homogalacturonans (hgs), the main pectic constituent of the cell wall, can be modified by pectin methylesterases (pmes). in all organisms, two types of protein structure have been reported for pmes: group 1 and group 2. in group 2 pmes, the active part (pme domain, pfam01095) is preceded by an n-terminal extension (pro part), which shows similarities to pme inhibitors (pmei domain, pfam04043). this pro part mediates retention of ... | 2014 | 24665109 |
| a modular plasmid assembly kit for multigene expression, gene silencing and silencing rescue in plants. | the golden gate (gg) modular assembly approach offers a standardized, inexpensive and reliable way to ligate multiple dna fragments in a pre-defined order in a single-tube reaction. we developed a gg based toolkit for the flexible construction of binary plasmids for transgene expression in plants. starting from a common set of modules, such as promoters, protein tags and transcribed regions of interest, synthetic genes are assembled, which can be further combined to multigene constructs. as an e ... | 2014 | 24551083 |
| analysis of complementarity requirements for plant microrna targeting using a nicotiana benthamiana quantitative transient assay. | micrornas (mirnas) guide rna-induced silencing complexes to target rnas based on mirna-target complementarity. using a dual-luciferase based sensor system in nicotiana benthamiana, we quantitatively assessed the relationship between mirna-target complementarity and silencing efficacy measured at both the rna and protein levels, using several conserved mirnas and their known target sites from arabidopsis thaliana. we found that naturally occurring sites have variable efficacies attributable to th ... | 2014 | 24510721 |
| the essential role of ngatha genes in style and stigma specification is widely conserved across eudicots. | carpel development and evolution are central issues for plant biology. the conservation of genetic functions conferring carpel identity has been widely studied in higher plants. however, although genetic networks directing the development of characteristic features of angiosperm carpels such as stigma and style are increasingly known in arabidopsis thaliana, little information is available on the conservation and diversification of these networks in other species. here, we have studied the funct ... | 2014 | 24483275 |
| the evolutionary conserved oil body associated protein obap1 participates in the regulation of oil body size. | a transcriptomic approach has been used to identify genes predominantly expressed in maize (zea mays) scutellum during maturation. one of the identified genes is oil body associated protein1 (obap1), which is transcribed during seed maturation predominantly in the scutellum, and its expression decreases rapidly after germination. proteins similar to obap1 are present in all plants, including primitive plants and mosses, and in some fungi and bacteria. in plants, obap genes are divided in two sub ... | 2014 | 24406791 |
| accumulation of secreted antibodies in plant cell cultures varies according to the isotype, host species and culture conditions. | nicotiana tabacum suspension cells have been widely used to produce monoclonal antibodies, but the yield of secreted antibodies is usually low probably because of proteolytic degradation. most iggs that have been expressed in suspension cells have been of the human igg1 isotype. in this study, we examined whether other isotypes displayed the same sensitivity to proteolytic degradation and whether the choice of plant host species mattered. human serum igg displayed different degradation profiles ... | 2014 | 24373507 |
| engineering the anthocyanin regulatory complex of strawberry (fragaria vesca). | the woodland strawberry, fragaria vesca is a model fruit for a number of rosaceous crops. we have engineered altered concentrations of anthocyanin in f. vesca, to determine the impact on plant growth and fruit quality. anthocyanin concentrations were significantly increased by over-expression or decreased by knock-down of the r2r3 myb activator, myb10. in contrast, a potential bhlh partner for myb10 (bhlh33) did not affect the anthocyanin pathway when knocked down using rnai constructs. metaboli ... | 2014 | 25477896 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1) from gossypium barbadense. | arabidopsis enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1) plays an important role in plant defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. the necrotrophic pathogen verticillium dahliae infection of gossypium barbadense could lead to verticillium wilt which seriously reduces the cotton production. here, we cloned and characterized a g. barbadense homolog of eds1, designated as gbeds1. the full-length cdna of the gbeds1 gene was obtained by the technique of rapid-amplification of cdna ends. the ... | 2014 | 24570021 |
| occurrence of iris yellow spot virus from onion crops in egypt. | iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is a infects onion bulb and seed crops in many countries including egypt. results of the mechanical inoculation reveled that, small chlorotic lesions and systemic necrosis were observed on both nicotiana benthamiana and datura stramonium after 10 days, while there were no symptoms were appeared on the onion plant. the viral biological transmission with thrips tabaci was highly reported to be efficiently for virus transmitted. our results confirmed the presentence of ... | 2014 | 25674622 |
| mp10 and mp42 from the aphid species myzus persicae trigger plant defenses in nicotiana benthamiana through different activities. | aphids are phloem-feeding insects that, like other plant parasites, deliver effectors inside their host to manipulate host responses. the myzus persicae (green peach aphid) candidate effectors mp10 and mp42 were previously found to reduce aphid fecundity upon intracellular transient overexpression in nicotiana benthamiana. we performed functional analyses of these proteins to investigate whether they activate defenses through similar activities. we employed a range of functional characterization ... | 2014 | 24006884 |