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optimization of the production conditions of the lipase produced by bacillus cereus from rice flour through plackett-burman design (pbd) and response surface methodology (rsm).in this study, the screening of lipase positive bacteria from rice flour was carried out by rhodamin b agar plate method. bacillus cereus was identified by 16s rdna method. screening of the appropriate variables and optimization of the lipase production was performed using plackett-burman design (pbd) and response surface methodology (rsm). among the isolated bacteria, an aerobic bacillus cereus strain was recognized as the best lipase-producing bacteria (177.3 ± 20 u/ml). given the results, the ...201627816679
the large-scale process of microbial carbonate precipitation for nickel remediation from an industrial soil.microbial carbonate precipitation is known as an efficient process for the remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils. in the present study, a urease positive bacterial isolate, identified as bacillus cereus ns4 through 16s rdna sequencing, was utilized on a large scale to remove nickel from industrial soil contaminated by the battery industry. the soil was highly contaminated with an initial total nickel concentration of approximately 900 mg kg(-1). the soluble-exchangeable fraction wa ...201627814530
elucidating the rimosamide-detoxin natural product families and their biosynthesis using metabolite/gene cluster correlations.as microbial genome sequencing becomes more widespread, the capacity of microorganisms to produce an immense number of metabolites has come into better view. utilizing a metabolite/gene cluster correlation platform, the biosynthetic origins of a new family of natural products, the rimosamides, were discovered. the rimosamides were identified in streptomyces rimosus and associated with their nrps/pks-type gene cluster based upon their high frequency of co-occurrence across 179 strains of actinoba ...201627809474
biodegradation of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and dimethoate by three strains of bacteria isolated from pesticide-polluted soils in sudan.this study was done to identify pesticide-biodegrading microorganisms and to characterize degradation rates. bacillus safensis strain fo-36b(t), bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain kctc13429(t), and bacillus cereus strain atcc14579(t) were isolated from pesticide-polluted soil in sudan, separately incubated with each pesticide with periodic samples drawn for gc and gc-ms. pesticide biodegradation followed a biphasic model. α and β half-lives (days) of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and dimetho ...201627771954
partial characterization of bacteriocin-like compounds from two strains of bacillus cereus with biological activity against paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood disease.american foulbrood (afb), caused by the spore-forming gram-positive bacterium paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease affecting honeybees worldwide. two bacterial isolates showing specific inhibitory activity against p. larvae were identified as bacillus cereus by 16s rdna sequencing. antagonistic compounds were obtained from cell-free supernatants of strains m6c and m387 growing on trypticase soy broth and concentrated by nh4 so4 precipitation, ultrafiltration and butanol ext ...201627589675
evolution of the microbiological profile of vacuum-packed ricotta salata cheese during shelf-life.ricotta salata cheese is a salted variety of ricotta traditionally made in sardinia (italy) from the whey remaining after the production of pecorino romano protected designation of origin or other sheep milk cheeses. ricotta salata cheese is very critical for the possible growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. sporadic cases of listeriosis associated with ricotta salata cheese have been reported over recent years. the objective of the present study was to assess the evolution of spoil ...201627800440
the structure of the pleiotropic transcription regulator cody provides insight into its gtp-sensing mechanism.gtp and branched-chain amino acids (bcaas) are metabolic sensors that are indispensable for the determination of the metabolic status of cells. however, their molecular sensing mechanism remains unclear. cody is a unique global transcription regulator that recognizes gtp and bcaas as specific signals and affects expression of more than 100 genes associated with metabolism. herein, we report the first crystal structures of the full-length cody complex with sensing molecules and describe their fun ...201627596595
cxcl1, but not il-6, significantly impacts intraocular inflammation during infection.during intraocular bacterial infections, the primary innate responders are neutrophils, which may cause bystander damage to the retina or perturb the clarity of the visual axis. we hypothesized that cytokine il-6 and chemokine cxcl1 contributed to rapid neutrophil recruitment during bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, a severe form of intraocular infection that is characterized by explosive inflammation and retinal damage that often leads to rapid vision loss. to test this hypothesis, we compared e ...201627286792
[outbreak of foodborne disease at a mass event of indigenous peoples in cuiaba, mato grosso, brazil, in 2013].to report the experience of investigating the outbreak of acute diarrhoea (ad) at the xii indigenous games in cuiabá, mato grosso, brazil, 2013.201627861693
differences in chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics of italian burrata cheeses made in artisanal and industrial plants of apulia region.the burrata cheese is a traditional product from southern italy, consisting of an envelope of pasta filata (stretched curd) filled with cream and pasta filata strips (usually leftovers from mozzarella production). physical [water activity (aw), ph], chemical (moisture, nacl content) and microbiological [total viable count (tvc), listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-positive staphylococci] characteristic ...201627853715
shelf life evaluation of ricotta fresca sheep cheese in modified atmosphere packaging.ricotta fresca cheese is the product of sardinian dairy industry most exposed to microbial post-process contamination. due to its technological characteristics, intrinsic parameters, ph (6.10-6.80) and water activity (0.974-0.991), it represents an excellent substrate for the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, which are usually resident in cheese-making plants environments. generally, ricotta fresca has a shelf life of 5-7 days. for this reason, at industrial level, modified atmos ...201627853705
characterization and control of symbiotic bacillus cereus isolated from the mid gut of anopheles subpictus grassi.an investigation was done to find out the role of gut bacterium on the larval development and survival of anopheles subpictus, the vector responsible for the transmission of malaria. an. subpictus mosquitoes breed exclusively in stagnant water, including shrimp/fish ponds with high nutrient level. one bacterial strain (cx2) was isolated from the midgut of late third instar of mosquito larvae. the bacterial isolate was sensitive to recommended doses of tetracyclin (30 µg/disc), doxycycline (30 µg ...201627876960
effects of ethyl acetate extracts from the polycephalomyces nipponicus isolate cod-mk1201 (ascomycetes) against human pathogenic bacteria and a breast cancer cell line.this study aimed to identify a suitable organic solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from polycephalomyces nipponicus and to evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the extracts obtained. only extracts obtained with ethyl acetate exhibited antibacterial activity, so ethyl acetate was chosen for large-scale extraction. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) against gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria of t ...201627910791
bacterial metabolites from intra- and inter-species influencing thermotolerance: the case of bacillus cereus and geobacillus stearothermophilus.bacterial metabolites with communicative functions could provide protection against stress conditions to members of the same species. yet, information remains limited about protection provided by metabolites in bacillus cereus and inter-species. this study investigated the effect of extracellular compounds derived from heat shocked (hs) and non-hs cultures of b. cereus and geobacillus stearothermophilus on the thermotolerance of non-hs vegetative and sporulating b. cereus. cultures of b. cereus ...201627896600
some biological activities of pigments extracted from micrococcus roseus (ptcc 1411) and rhodotorula glutinis (ptcc 5257).the importance of replacing synthetic pigments with natural types is increasing day by day in the food industry due to the harmful effects of some synthetic pigments. microorganisms are a major source of natural pigments, which nowadays have attracted the attention of researchers. in this study, carotenoid pigments were produced by micrococcus roseus and rhodotorula glutinis, and some of their biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities ...201627895288
a new route of bioaugmentation by allochthonous and autochthonous through biofilm bacteria for soluble chemical oxygen demand removal of old leachate.landfill leachate contains environmental pollutants that are generally resistant to biodegradation. in this study, indigenous and exogenous bacteria in leachate were acclimated in both biofilm and suspension forms to increase the removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (scod). the bacteria from the leachate and sewage were acclimated to gradually increasing leachate concentration prepared using a reverse osmosis membrane over 28 days. the scod removal was measured aerobically or nominally anae ...201627892814
systematic evaluation of cs-rosetta for membrane protein structure prediction with sparse noe restraints.we critically test and validate the cs-rosetta methodology for de novo structure prediction of α-helical membrane proteins (mps) from nmr data, such as chemical shifts and noe distance restraints. by systematically reducing the number and types of noe restraints, we focus on determining the regime in which mp structures can be reliably predicted and pinpoint the boundaries of the approach. five mps of known structure were used as test systems, phototaxis sensory rhodopsin ii (psrii), a subdomain ...201627936510
bacillus cereus-induced food-borne outbreaks in france, 2007 to 2014: epidemiology and genetic characterisation.the aim of this study was to identify and characterise bacillus cereus from a unique national collection of 564 strains associated with 140 strong-evidence food-borne outbreaks (fbos) occurring in france during 2007 to 2014. starchy food and vegetables were the most frequent food vehicles identified; 747 of 911 human cases occurred in institutional catering contexts. incubation period was significantly shorter for emetic strains compared with diarrhoeal strains a sub-panel of 149 strains strictl ...201627934583
internal hydration properties of single bacterial endospores probed by electrostatic force microscopy.we show that the internal hydration properties of single bacillus cereus endospores in air under different relative humidity (rh) conditions can be determined through the measurement of its electric permittivity by means of quantitative electrostatic force microscopy (efm). we show that an increase in the rh from 0% to 80% induces a large increase in the equivalent homogeneous relative electric permittivity of the bacterial endospores, from ∼4 up to ∼17, accompanied only by a small increase in t ...201628024372
high occurrence rate and contamination level of bacillus cereus in organic vegetables on sale in retail markets.organic foods have risen in popularity recently. however, the increased risk of bacterial contamination of organic foods has not been fully evaluated. in this study, 100 samples each of organic and conventional fresh vegetables (55 lettuce samples and 45 sprout samples) sold in south korea were analyzed for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, and bacillus cereus. although the aerobic bacteria and coliform counts were not significantly different between the two farming types (p > 0.05) ...201627992273
chemical composition and biological prospects of essential oils and extracts of aphyllocladus spartioides growing in northwest argentina.aphyllocladus spartioides wedd. is a native and aromatic herb used in traditional medicine, however it is still poorly investigated. in this work, the volatile profile of a. spartioides growing in hornillos-northwest argentina was determined by gc/ms/fid and the phenolic compounds of hydroethanolic and decoction extracts were analyzed by hplc-dad. the antibacterial potential, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity were checked by in vitro assays. the volatile profile allowed ...201628036133
the liver as another possible target organ for bacillus cereus infection.a case of liver abscess due to bacillus cereus infection in an immunocompetent 59-year-old man is reported. percutaneous drainage and antimicrobial therapy, with vancomycin and levofloxacin afterwards, have been demonstrated to be an appropriate treatment, leading to clinical and radiological cure.201628025629
epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in australia, 2001 to 2013.bacterial toxin-mediated foodborne outbreaks, such as those caused by clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus, are an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. due to the short incubation period and duration of illness, these outbreaks are often under-reported. this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of bacterial toxin-mediated outbreaks in australia. using data collected between 2001 and 2013, we identify high risk groups and risk factor ...201628043220
identification of fatty acids in bacillus cereus.the bacillus species contain branched chain and unsaturated fatty acids (fas) with diverse positions of the methyl branch (iso or anteiso) and of the double bond. changes in fa composition play a crucial role in the adaptation of bacteria to their environment. these modifications entail a change in the ratio of iso versus anteiso branched fas, and in the proportion of unsaturated fas relative to saturated fas, with double bonds created at specific positions. precise identification of the fa prof ...201628060260
risk assessment in the recovery of food for social solidarity purposes: preliminary data.the most recent study, conducted by politecnico of milan, on food surplus management in italy shows that in the italian food supply chain the food surplus is around 5.5 million tons/year, and the amount of food wasted is around 5.1 million tons/year. during 2015, the charitable organizations (cos) belonging to the italian food bank network, active in recovering and distributing food for social solidarity's purposes, reused 381,345 tons of food from 2292 donors. the main supplying sources of the ...201628058252
in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial ability and cytotoxicity on two melanoma cell lines of a benzylamide derivative of maslinic acid.maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from olives that has been systematically reported to exert several therapeutic effects, such as antitumoral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. recently, new derivatives of maslinic acid have been obtained and expanded the spectrum of biological activities and improved the existing ones. the present study was meant to perform the in vitro assessment of the (i) cytotoxic effects of a benzylamid ...201628050335
the identification of intrinsic chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes in members of the bacillus cereus group (sensu lato).bacillus toyonensis strain bct-7112(t) (ncimb 14858(t)) has been widely used as an additive in animal nutrition for more than 30 years without reports of adverse toxigenic effects. however, this strain is resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline and it is generally considered inadvisable to introduce into the food chain resistance determinants capable of being transferred to other bacterial strains, thereby adding to the pool of such determinants in the gastro-enteric systems of livestock s ...201628101085
physicochemical analyses of a bioactive 4-aminoantipyrine analogue - synthesis, crystal structure, solid state interactions, antibacterial, conformational and docking studies.a novel schiff base derivative of 4-aminoantipyrine, that is, (e)-4-(2-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-3(2h)-one (mba-dmpp), was synthesized and characterized by ft-ir, (1)h-nmr, and ei-ms. single-crystal x-ray diffraction data revealed mba-dmpp adopts a trans configuration around its central c=n double bond, and forms orthorhombic crystals. xrd revealed that mba-dmpp possess two different planes, in which the pyrazolone and benzylidene groups attached to c9 of the pyra ...201628096791
nprr, a moonlighting quorum sensor shifting from a phosphatase activity to a transcriptional activator.regulation of biological functions requires factors (proteins, peptides or chemicals) able to sense and translate environmental conditions or any circumstances in order to modulate the transcription of a gene, the stability of a transcript or the activity of a protein. quorum sensing is a regulation mechanism connecting cell density to the physiological state of a single cell. in bacteria, quorum sensing coordinates virulence, cell fate and commitment to sporulation and other adaptation properti ...201628357327
antimicrobial activity of kefir against various food pathogens and spoilage bacteria.kefir is a unique fermented dairy product produced by a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeast. here, we compared the antimicrobial spectra of four types of kefirs (a, l, m, and s) fermented for 24, 36, 48, or 72 h against eight food-borne pathogens. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cronobacter sakazakii were used as test strains, and antibacterial ...201628115890
the response of maize (zea mays l.) plant assisted with bacterial consortium and fertilizer under oily sludge.the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of pgpr consortium and fertilizer alone and in combination on the physiology of maize grown under oily sludge stress environment as well on the soil nutrient status. consortium was prepared from bacillus cereus (acc kr232400), bacillus altitudinis (acc kf859970), comamonas (delftia) belonging to family comamonadacea (acc kf859971) and stenotrophomonasmaltophilia (acc kf859973). the experiment was conducted in pots with complete randomized desi ...201626587972
weissella oryzae dc6-facilitated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial potential.nanoparticles and nanomaterials are at the prominent edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. recently, nanoparticle synthesis using biological resources has been found to be a new area with considerable prospects for development. biological systems are the masters of ambient condition chemistry and are able to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing metal salts. in the perspective of the current initiative to develop green technologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, microorgan ...201626212222
characterization and antimicrobial application of biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by using microbacterium resistens.various microorganisms were found to be cable of synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles when gold and silver salts were supplied in the reaction system. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the extracellular synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the type strain microbacterium resistens(t) [kacc14505]. the biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), field emission transmission electron micrograph (fe-tem), e ...201626597594
gcogsa-ba: a global core genome snp analysis for bacillus anthracis.as an issue of biosecurity, it is important to identify the origin of a suspected sample to distinguish whether it originated from the release of a bioterrorism agent or from environmental contamination with a virulent agent. here we have developed an analytical pipeline that can infer the phylogenetic position of bacillus cereus group species, including b. anthracis, from next-generation sequencing reads without extensive genomics skills. gcogsa-ba can also detect the existence of anthrax plasm ...201625812430
the development of a green approach for the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by using panax ginseng root extract, and their biological applications.the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received attention because of the development of economic and environmentally friendly technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles. the study develops a convenient method for the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by utilizing fresh root extract of the four-year old panax ginseng plant, and evaluated the antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganisms. p. ginseng is a well-known herbal medicinal plant, and ...201625771716
evaluating the efficiency of humic acid to remove micro-organisms from denture base material.to evaluate the efficiency of humic acid substances on removing micro-organisms from denture base materials.201625523597
chemistry and biological activities of tanacetum chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum extracts.tanacetum chiliophyllum (fisch. & mey.) var. oligocephalum (d.c.) sosn. collected in turkey was subjected to phytochemical and biological evaluations in this study. pure compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate extracts of the stems of the plant material. structures of isolated compounds were determined using spectral methods. seven known flavones, i.e., 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, eupatilin (6-hydroxyluteolin-6,3',4'-trimethylether), cirsimaritin (scuttellarin-6,7-dimethylether), ...201624645497
effect of different in vitro culture extracts of black pepper (piper nigrum l.) on toxic metabolites-producing strains.in the present study, the effect of different in vitro cultures (callus, in vitro shoots) and commercially available peppercorn extract was investigated for its activity against toxic metabolite-producing strains (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeroginosa, salmonella typhi, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and candida albicans). these in vitro cultures were extracted with ethanol, hexane, and chloroform, and the antipathogenic activity was determined by well-diffusion me ...201624193053
bacillus cereus septicemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.bacillus cereus is an aerobic gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that is responsible for foodborne illnesses. we report on a 15-year-old girl with b-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who fell into a somnolent state after presenting with a 12-hour history of fever, muscle soreness, myalgia in both calves, sore throat, and vomiting. fulminant septicemic syndrome caused by b. cereus was finally identified. the aim of this work is the introduction of b. cereus as a differential diag ...201623927823
bacillus cereus biovar anthracis causing anthrax in sub-saharan africa-chromosomal monophyly and broad geographic distribution.through full genome analyses of four atypical bacillus cereus isolates, designated b. cereus biovar anthracis, we describe a distinct clade within the b. cereus group that presents with anthrax-like disease, carrying virulence plasmids similar to those of classic bacillus anthracis. we have isolated members of this clade from different mammals (wild chimpanzees, gorillas, an elephant and goats) in west and central africa (côte d'ivoire, cameroon, central african republic and democratic republic ...201627607836
identification and analysis of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16s rrna gene sequences of the bacillus cereus group.analysis of 16s rrna genes is important for phylogenetic classification of known and novel bacterial genera and species and for detection of uncultivable bacteria. pcr amplification of 16s rrna genes with universal primers produces a mixture of amplicons from all rrna operons in the genome, and the sequence data generally yield a consensus sequence. here we describe valuable data that are missing from consensus sequences, variable effects on sequence data generated from nonidentical 16s rrna amp ...201627582514
the roles of atxa orthologs in virulence of anthrax-like bacillus cereus g9241.atxa is a critical transcriptional regulator of plasmid-encoded virulence genes in bacillus anthracis. bacillus cereus g9241, which caused an anthrax-like infection, has two virulence plasmids, pbcxo1 and pbc210, that each harbor toxin genes and a capsule locus. g9241 also produces two orthologs of atxa: atxa1, encoded on pbcxo1, and atxa2, encoded on pbc210. the amino acid sequence of atxa1 is identical to that of atxa from b. anthracis, while the sequences of atxa1 and atxa2 are 79% identical ...201627490458
bacillus cereus group-type strain-specific diagnostic peptides.the bacillus cereus group consists of eight very closely related species and comprises both harmless and human pathogenic species such as bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus cytotoxicus. numerous efforts have been undertaken to allow presumptive differentiation of b. cereus group species from one another. however, methods to rapidly and accurately distinguish these species are currently lacking. we confirmed that classical matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight ...201627432653
discovery of a unique extracellular polysaccharide in members of the pathogenic bacillus that can co-form with spores.an exopolysaccharide, produced during the late stage of stationary growth phase, was discovered and purified from the culture medium of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis when strains were grown in a defined nutrient medium that induces biofilm. two-dimensional nmr structural characterization of the polysaccharide, named pzx, revealed that it is composed of an unusual three amino-sugar sequence repeat of [-3)xylnac4oac(α1-3)glcnaca4oac(α1-3)xylnac(α1-]n the sugar res ...201627402849
improving phylogeny reconstruction at the strain level using peptidome datasets.typical bacterial strain differentiation methods are often challenged by high genetic similarity between strains. to address this problem, we introduce a novel in silico peptide fingerprinting method based on conventional wet-lab protocols that enables the identification of potential strain-specific peptides. these can be further investigated using in vitro approaches, laying a foundation for the development of biomarker detection and application-specific methods. this novel method aims at reduc ...201628033346
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in bacillus anthracis: molecular and functional analysis of a truncated arylamine n-acetyltransferase isozyme.the arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that play an important role in the detoxification and/or bioactivation of arylamine drugs and xenobiotics. in bacteria, nats may contribute to the resistance against antibiotics such as isoniazid or sulfamides through their acetylation, which makes this enzyme family a possible drug target. bacillus anthracis, a bacterial species of clinical significance, expresses three nat isozymes with distinct structural and enzyma ...201627846346
temperature exerts control of bacillus cereus emetic toxin production on post-transcriptional levels.in recent years, the emetic toxin cereulide, produced by bacillus cereus, has gained high relevance in food production and food safety. cereulide is synthesized non-ribosomal by the multi-enzyme complex ces-nrps, which is encoded on a megaplasmid that shares its backbone with the bacillus anthracis px01 toxin plasmid. due to its resistance against heat, proteolysis and extreme ph conditions, the formation of this highly potent depsipeptide toxin is of serious concern in food processing procedure ...201627826288
anthrax toxin-expressing bacillus cereus isolated from an anthrax-like eschar.bacillus cereus isolates have been described harboring bacillus anthracis toxin genes, most notably b. cereus g9241, and capable of causing severe and fatal pneumonias. this report describes the characterization of a b. cereus isolate, bcfl2013, associated with a naturally occurring cutaneous lesion resembling an anthrax eschar. similar to g9241, bcfl2013 is positive for the b. anthracis pxo1 toxin genes, has a multi-locus sequence type of 78, and a paga sequence type of 9. whole genome sequenci ...201627257909
maldi-tof ms portrait of emetic and non-emetic bacillus cereus group members.the number of foodborne intoxications caused by emetic bacillus cereus isolates has increased significantly. as such, rapid and reliable methods to identify emetic strains appear to be clinically relevant. in this study, intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to differentiate emetic and non-emetic bacilli. the phyloproteomic clustering of 34 b. cereus emetic and 88 non-emetic isolates classified as b. cereus, bacillus thur ...201627196540
plantazolicin is an ultra-narrow spectrum antibiotic that targets the bacillus anthracis membrane.plantazolicin (pzn) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural product from bacillus methylotrophicus fzb42 and bacillus pumilus. extensive tailoring to twelve of the fourteen amino acid residues in the mature natural product endows pzn with not only a rigid, polyheterocyclic structure, but also antibacterial activity. here we report a remarkably discriminatory activity of pzn toward bacillus anthracis, which rivals a previously-described gamma (γ) phage lysis assay i ...201627152321
cyclic diguanylate regulation of bacillus cereus group biofilm formation.biofilm formation can be considered a bacterial virulence mechanism. in a range of gram-negatives, increased levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) promotes biofilm formation and reduces motility. other bacterial processes known to be regulated by c-di-gmp include cell division, differentiation and virulence. among gram-positive bacteria, where the function of c-di-gmp signalling is less well characterized, c-di-gmp was reported to regulate swarming motility in bacillus sub ...201627116468
identification and pathogenic potential of clinical bacillus and paenibacillus isolates.the soil-related bacillus and paenibacillus species have increasingly been implicated in various human diseases. nevertheless, their identification still poses problems in the clinical microbiology laboratory and, with the exception of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus, little is known on their pathogenicity for humans. in this study, we evaluated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in the identification of clinical isolates ...201627031639
the phylogeny of bacillus cereus sensu lato.the three main species of the bacillus cereus sensu lato, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. anthracis, were recognized and established by the early 1900 s because they each exhibited distinct phenotypic traits. b. thuringiensis isolates and their parasporal crystal proteins have long been established as a natural pesticide and insect pathogen. b. anthracis, the etiological agent for anthrax, was used by robert koch in the 19th century as a model to develop the germ theory of disease, and b. ce ...201626999390
extracellular synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by sporosarcina koreensis dc4 and their biological applications.the present study highlights the microbial synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by sporosarcina koreensis dc4 strain, in an efficient way. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which displayed maximum absorbance at 424nm and 531nm for silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. the spherical shape of nanoparticles was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy. the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and elemental ...201626992796
ebselen and analogs as inhibitors of bacillus anthracis thioredoxin reductase and bactericidal antibacterials targeting bacillus species, staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis.bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease associated with a very high mortality rate in its invasive forms.201626971857
glycosylation of bcla glycoprotein from bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis exosporium is domain-specific.the spores of the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, and bacillus thuringiensis) are surrounded by a paracrystalline flexible yet resistant layer called exosporium that plays a major role in spore adhesion and virulence. the major constituent of its hairlike surface, the trimerized glycoprotein bcla, is attached to the basal layer through an n-terminal domain. it is then followed by a repetitive collagen-like neck bearing a globular head (c-terminal domain) that promotes glyco ...201626921321
crystal structure of the bacillus-conserved mazg protein, a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase.ba1544 from bacillus anthracis was previously annotated as a transcription factor for the gene cluster ba1554 - ba1558, but has not been experimentally characterized. b. anthracis is an obligate pathogen causing fatal inhalational anthrax, and ba1544 is absolutely conserved in bacillus species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus mycoides, with 100% sequence identity. to address the function of ba1544, we performed structural and biochemical studies, which revealed tha ...201626920050
cytotoxic potential of bacillus cereus strains atcc 11778 and 14579 against human lung epithelial cells under microaerobic growth conditions.bacillus cereus, a food poisoning bacterium closely related to bacillus anthracis, secretes a multitude of virulence factors including enterotoxins, hemolysins, and phospholipases. however, the majority of the in vitro experiments evaluating the cytotoxic potential of b. cereus were carried out in the conditions of aeration, and the impact of the oxygen limitation in conditions encountered by the microbe in natural environment such as gastrointestinal tract remains poorly understood. this resear ...201626870026
the regulation of exosporium-related genes in bacillus thuringiensis.bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are spore-forming members of the bacillus cereus group. spores of b. cereus group species are encircled by exosporium, which is composed of an external hair-like nap and a paracrystalline basal layer. despite the extensive studies on the structure of the exosporium-related proteins, little is known about the transcription and regulation of exosporium gene expression in the b. cereus group. herein, we studied the regulation of s ...201626805020
a strategic approach for rapid synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by panax ginseng leaves.the study highlights the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles by fresh leaves of panax ginseng, an herbal medicinal plant. the reduction of auric chloride and silver nitrate led to the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles within 3 and 45 min, at 80°c, respectively. the developed methodology was rapid, facile, ecofriendly and the utmost significant is quite economical, which did not require subsequent processing for reduction or stabilization of nanoparticles. the nanopa ...201626698271
the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-ca has potent activity against the biofilm-forming organisms.both the whole cells and protoplasts of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 and bacillus cereus, two biofilm-forming bacteria, were disrupted by the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-ca. the lipopeptide 6-2 could also effectively inhibit the formation of biofilms and disperse pre-formed biofilms. live/dead staining of the biofilms grown in the absence or presence of the lipopeptide 6-2 showed that more dead bacterial cells in the presence of the lipopeptide than those in the ab ...201627184127
inhibition of bacillus cereus growth and toxin production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens rd7-7 in fermented soybean products.bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that has been isolated from contaminated fermented soybean food products and from the environment. b. cereus produces diarrheal and emetic toxins and has caused many outbreaks of foodborne diseases. in this study, we investigated whether b. amyloliquefaciens rd7-7, isolated from rice doenjang (korean fermented soybean paste), a traditional korean fermented soybean food, shows antimicrobial activity against b. cereus and regu ...201626528531
pereskia aculeata muller (cactaceae) leaves: chemical composition and biological activities.the aims of this work were to study the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of pereskia aculeata and to evaluate some biological activities of three leaf extracts. the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities were determined. the methanol extract showed antioxidant activity (ec50 7.09 mg/ml) and high polyphenols content (15.04 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (gae)/g). the petroleum ether extract exhibited potent antibact ...201627598154
biochemical characterization and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of two endemic varieties of garlic (allium sativum l.) of the campania region, southern italy.extracts of the bulbs of the two endemic varieties "rosato" and "caposele" of allium sativum of the campania region, southern italy, were analyzed. the phenolic content, ascorbic acid, allicin content, and in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activity were determined. ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector performed polyphenol profile. the polyphenolic extracts showed antioxidant activity (ec50) lower than 120 mg. the amount of ascorbic acid and allicin in the two ext ...201627259073
rational design, synthesis, anti-hiv-1 rt and antimicrobial activity of novel 3-(6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2h)-yl)-1-(piperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one derivatives.in the present study, fifteen novel 3-(6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2h)-yl)-1-(piperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one (6a-o) derivatives were designed as inhibitor of hiv-1 rt using ligand based drug design approach and in-silico evaluated for drug-likeness properties. designed compounds were synthesized, characterized and in-vitro evaluated for rt inhibitory activity against wild hiv-1 rt strain. among the tested compounds, four compounds (6a, 6b, 6j and 6o) exhibited significant inhibition of hiv-1 rt ...201627288643
quaternary ammonium biocides as antimicrobial agents protecting historical wood and brick.quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) are widely used in disinfection of water, surfaces and instruments as well as in textile, leather and food industries because of their relatively low toxicity, broad antimicrobial spectrum, non-volatility and chemical stability. due to these advantages, qacs are also used in restoration and can be applied on historical material. the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of biocides based on quaternary ammonium salts and containing various excipien ...201626629794
antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic, antioxidant and hemagglutination activities of organic fractions of arisaema tortuosum.in the current study, the antimicrobial, phytotoxic, haemagglutination and antioxidant potential of crude methanolic extract (crd. meoh ext.) and four organic fractions of arisaema tortuosum was investigated. all fractions have been screened for antimicrobial properties against eight bacterial pathogens and six fungal pathogens using agar well diffusion and tube dilution method, respectively. furthermore, the organic fractions were also screened for its phytotoxicity against lemna minor. haemagg ...201627166544
ethanolic extract of nigella sativa protects fe(ii) induced lipid peroxidation in rat's brain, kidney and liver homogenates.the study describes the effect of ethanolic extract of nigella sativa against fe(ii) induced lipid peroxidation. basal and fe(ii) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) production was significantly inhibited by the ethanolic extract of nigella sativa at 25-200 μg/ml. our data revealed that the extract has high dpph radical scavenging activity at highest tested concentrations. the extract significantly chelated fe(ii) and scavenged hydroxyl (oh) radical at 25-200μg/ml concentration. ...201626826815
arsenite oxidizing multiple metal resistant bacteria isolated from industrial effluent: their potential use in wastewater treatment.arsenite oxidizing bacteria, isolated from industrial wastewater, showed high resistance against arsenite (40 mm) and other heavy metals (10 mm pb; 8 mm cd; 6 mm cr; 10 mm cu and 26.6 mm as(5+)). bacterial isolates were characterized, on the basis of morphological, biochemical and 16s rrna ribotyping, as bacillus cereus (1.1s) and acinetobacter junii (1.3s). the optimum temperature and ph for the growth of both strains were found to be 37 °c and 7. both the strains showed maximum growth after 24 ...201627339314
feces derived allergens of tyrophagus putrescentiae reared on dried dog food and evidence of the strong nutritional interaction between the mite and bacillus cereus producing protease bacillolysins and exo-chitinases.tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank, 1781) is an emerging source of allergens in stored products and homes. feces proteases are the major allergens of astigmatid mites (acari: acaridida). in addition, the mites are carriers of microorganisms and microbial adjuvant compounds that stimulate innate signaling pathways. we sought to analyze the mite feces proteome, proteolytic activities, and mite-bacterial interaction in dry dog food (ddf). proteomic methods comprising enzymatic and zymographic analys ...201626941650
leveraging the attributes of mucor hiemalis-derived silver nanoparticles for a synergistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform.driven by the need to engineer robust surface coatings for medical devices to prevent infection and sepsis, incorporation of nanoparticles has surfaced as a promising avenue to enhance non-fouling efficacy. microbial synthesis of such nanoscale metallic structures is of substantive interest as this can offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable route for further development. here we present a mucor hiemalis-derived fungal route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which display sig ...201628018316
pathogenic features of heterotrophic plate count bacteria from drinking-water boreholes.evidence suggests that heterotrophic plate count (hpc) bacteria may be hazardous to humans with weakened health. we investigated the pathogenic potential of hpc bacteria from untreated borehole water, consumed by humans, for: their haemolytic properties, the production of extracellular enzymes such as dnase, proteinase, lipase, lecithinase, hyaluronidase and chondroitinase, the effect simulated gastric fluid has on their survival, as well as the bacteria's antibiotic-susceptible profile. hutu-80 ...201627959868
molecular characteristics of lysozyme g in euryglossa orientalis; cdna cloning, phylogenic analysis, physicochemical properties and tissue gene expression.lysozymes are the key molecules of innate immune system against bacterial infections. in the present study, we identified the molecular characteristics, physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, evolutionary relationship and tissue expression pattern of g-type lysozyme in euryglossa orientalis (euor lysg). the full-length euor lysg cdna is composed of 588 nucleotides and an open reading frame encoding a protein with 195 amino acids with more than 65 % identity to g-type lysozyme of sol ...201627393386
binary interactions of antagonistic bacteria with candida albicans under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.we used both aerobic and anaerobic liquid co-cultures, prepared with luria bertani broth, to study the effect of bacteria on the survival of candida albicans in the external environment, away from an animal host. the bacteria were represented by aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, clostridium, enterobacter, klebsiella pneumoniae, kluyvera ascorbata and serratia marcescens. under aerobic conditions, the yeast's growth was inhibited in the presence of bacterial growth; howeve ...201626566932
in vitro antimicrobial activity of spices and medicinal herbs against selected microbes associated with juices.in the present investigation, comparison of antimicrobial activities of different spices, curcuma longa, zingiber officinale, and mentha arvensis, and medicinal herbs, such as withania somnifera, rauvolfia serpentina, emblica officinalis, terminalia arjuna, and centella asiatica, was evaluated. different extraction solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water) were used and extracts were examined against bacillus cereus, serratia sp., rhodotorula mucilaginosa, aspergillus flavus, and penicill ...201626880927
screening and characterization of potential bacillus starter cultures for fermenting low-salt soybean paste (doenjang).the bacterial strains were screened as potential starters for fermenting low-salt doenjang (a korean traditional fermented soybean paste) using korean doenjang based on proteolytic and antipathogenic activities under 6.5-7.5% nacl conditions. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that they all belonged to the genus bacillus. proteolytic and antipathogenic activities against escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and aspergillus f ...201626718466
cloning, purification and characterization of the collagenase cola expressed by bacillus cereus atcc 14579.bacterial collagenases differ considerably in their structure and functions. the collagenases colh and colg from clostridium histolyticum and cola expressed by clostridium perfringens are well-characterized collagenases that cleave triple-helical collagen, which were therefore termed as ´true´ collagenases. cola from bacillus cereus (b. cereus) has been added to the collection of true collagenases. however, the molecular characteristics of b. cereus cola are less understood. in this study, we id ...201627588686
the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response.production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ...201627435260
phenolic compounds and in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three tropic fruits: persimmon, guava, and sweetsop.in our previous study, we have found that persimmon, guava, and sweetsop owned considerably high antioxidant activity and contained high total phenolic contents as well. in order to further supply information on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of these three tropic fruits, they were extracted by 80% methanol. we then examined the extractions about their phenolic compounds and also studied the extractions and phenolic contents about their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mini ...201627648444
identification of cdnl, a putative transcriptional regulator involved in repair and outgrowth of heat-damaged bacillus cereus spores.spores are widely present in the environment and are common contaminants in the food chain, creating a challenge for food industry. nowadays, heat treatments conventionally applied in food processing may become milder to comply with consumer desire for products with higher sensory and nutritional values. consequently subpopulations of spores may emerge that are sublethally damaged rather than inactivated. such spores may germinate, repair damage, and eventually grow out leading to uncontrolled s ...201626849219
biocidal and sporicidal efficacy of pathoster(®) 0.35% and pathoster(®) 0.50% against bacterial agents in potential bioterrorism use.the use of products that can neutralize or significantly reduce the microbial load and that are not harmful to human health and the environment represents a milestone in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases. peracetic acid, besides being an excellent sterilizing and sporicidal agent, is harmless to humans and the environment when it is used in a common dosage. however, the high costs and loss of efficacy of the product very quickly after its reconstitution limit its use. we evalua ...201627482880
adaptation in bacillus cereus: from stress to disease.bacillus cereus is a food-borne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease in humans. after ingestion, b. cereus experiences in the human gastro-intestinal tract abiotic physical variables encountered in food, such as acidic ph in the stomach and changing oxygen conditions in the human intestine. b. cereus responds to environmental changing conditions (stress) by reversibly adjusting its physiology to maximize resource utilization while maintaining structural and genetic integrity by repairing and m ...201627757102
deciphering a survival strategy during the interspecific competition between bacillus cereus msm-s1 and pseudomonas sp. msm-m1.interspecific competition in bacteria governs colony growth dynamics and pattern formation. here, we demonstrate an interesting phenomenon of interspecific competition between bacillus cereus msm-s1 and pseudomonas sp. msm-m1, where secretion of an inhibitor by pseudomonas sp. is used as a strategy for survival. although b. cereus grows faster than pseudomonas sp., in the presence of pseudomonas sp. the population of b. cereus reduces significantly, whereas pseudomonas sp. do not show any marked ...201628018625
control of wilt and rot pathogens of tomato by antagonistic pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic delftia lacustris and bacillus spp.the studies on the biocontrol potential of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic (ppfm) bacteria other than the genus methylobacterium are scarce. in the present study, we report three facultative methylotrophic isolates; ppo-1, ppt-1, and ppb-1, respectively, identified as delftia lacustris, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus cereus by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. hemolytic activity was tested to investigate the potential pathogenicity of isolates to plants and humans, the results indicate ...201627872630
rhizospheric bacteria of maize with potential for biocontrol of fusarium verticillioides.the stalk, ear and root rot (serr) of maize caused by fusarium verticillioides (fv) severely impacts crop production in tropical and subtropical regions. the aim of the present work was to screen bacterial isolates in order to find novel native biocontrol agents against fv. a culturable bacterial collection consisting of 11,520 isolates enriched in firmicutes and proteobacteria was created from rhizosphere samples taken from serr symptomatic or asymptomatic maize plants. the complete collection ...201627066355
antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film-forming hydrosols hydrolyzed by cellulase.the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cellulase (c) on the biological activity of chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (ch/hpmc) film-forming hydrosols. the hydrolytic activity of cellulase in two concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) was verified by determination of the progress of polysaccharide hydrolysis, based on viscosity measurement and reducing sugar-ends assay. the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical scavenging effect, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap) ...201627608008
the pesticidal cry6aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis is structurally similar to hlye-family alpha pore-forming toxins.the cry6 family of proteins from bacillus thuringiensis represents a group of powerful toxins with great potential for use in the control of coleopteran insects and of nematode parasites of importance to agriculture. these proteins are unrelated to other insecticidal toxins at the level of their primary sequences and the structure and function of these proteins has been poorly studied to date. this has inhibited our understanding of these toxins and their mode of action, along with our ability t ...201627576487
characterization of antimicrobial substance from lactobacillus salivarius kl-d4 and its application as biopreservative for creamy filling.lactobacillus salivarius kl-d4 isolated from duck intestine produced bacteriocin which was stable at high temperature and a wide ph range of 3-10. its cell free supernatant at ph 5.5 exhibited wide inhibitory spectrum against both g+ and g- bacteria. the highest bacteriocin production was obtained in mrs broth supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) caco3 at 6 h by gentle shaking. pcr walking using specific primers at the conserved region of class-ii bacteriocin resulted in 4 known genes of kld1, kld2, kl ...201627462508
bacillus cereus biofilms-same, only different.bacillus cereus displays a high diversity of lifestyles and ecological niches and include beneficial as well as pathogenic strains. these strains are widespread in the environment, are found on inert as well as on living surfaces and contaminate persistently the production lines of the food industry. biofilms are suspected to play a key role in this ubiquitous distribution and in this persistency. indeed, b. cereus produces a variety of biofilms which differ in their architecture and mechanism o ...201627458448
bacillus cereus strain s2 shows high nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita by producing sphingosine.plant-parasitic nematodes cause serious crop losses worldwidely. this study intended to discover the antagonistic mechanism of bacillus cereus strain s2 against meloidogyne incognita. treatment with b. cereus strain s2 resulted in a mortality of 77.89% to caenorhabditis elegans (a model organism) and 90.96% to m. incognita. in pot experiment, control efficiency of b. cereus s2 culture or supernatants were 81.36% and 67.42% towards m. incognita, respectively. in field experiment, control efficien ...201627338781
increased biomass production by mesophilic food-associated bacteria through lowering the growth temperature from 30°c to 10°c.five isolates from chilled food and refrigerator inner surfaces and closely related reference strains of the species escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus xylosus, bacillus cereus, pedobacter nutrimenti, and pedobacter panaciterrae were tested for the effect of growth temperature (30°c and 10°c) on biomass formation. growth was monitored via optical density, and biomass formation was measured at the early stationary phase based on the following parameters in complex and define ...201627084015
bacillus cereus ar156 extracellular polysaccharides served as a novel micro-associated molecular pattern to induced systemic immunity to pst dc3000 in arabidopsis.non-host resistance (nhr) is a broad-spectrum plant defense. upon colonizing on the surface on the root or leaves of non-host species, pathogens initial encounter preform and induce defense response in plant, such as induced hypersensitive response, pamps triggered immunity (pti), and effector triggered immunity (eti). the ability of plants to develop an induced systemic response (isr) in reaction to the colonization by non-pathogenic rhizobacterium depends on interactions between host plants an ...201627242694
flhf is required for swarming motility and full pathogenicity of bacillus cereus.besides sporulation, bacillus cereus can undergo a differentiation process in which short swimmer cells become elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cells that favor migration of the bacterial community on a surface. the functionally enigmatic flagellar protein flhf, which is the third paralog of the signal recognition particle (srp) gtpases ffh and ftsy, is required for swarming in many bacteria. previous data showed that flhf is involved in the control of the number and positioning of flagell ...201627807433
listeria monocytogenes dna glycosylase adlp affects flagellar motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and stress responses.the temperature-dependent alteration of flagellar motility gene expression is critical for the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to respond to a changing environment. in this study, a genetic determinant, l. monocytogenes f2365_0220 (lmof2365_0220), encoding a putative protein that is structurally similar to the bacillus cereus alkyl base dna glycosylase (alkd), was identified. this determinant was involved in the transcriptional repression of flagellar motility genes and was named adlp ...201627316964
thusin, a novel two-component lantibiotic with potent antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive pathogens.due to the rapidly increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, the need for new antimicrobial drugs to treat infections has become urgent. bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides of bacterial origin, are considered potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics and have attracted widespread attention in recent years. among these bacteriocins, lantibiotics, especially two-component lantibiotics, exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against some clinically relevant ...201627486447
use of ferrous iron by metallo-β-lactamases.metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) catalyse the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibacterials including the latest generation carbapenems and are a growing worldwide clinical problem. it is proposed that mbls employ one or two zinc ion cofactors in vivo. isolated mbls are reported to use transition metal ions other than zinc, including copper, cadmium and manganese, with iron ions being a notable exception. we report kinetic and biophysical studies with the di-iron(ii)-substituted metallo-β-lactamas ...201627498591
evaluation of a parchment document, the 13th century incorporation charter for the city of krakow, poland, for microbial hazards.the literature of environmental microbiology broadly discusses issues associated with microbial hazards in archives, but these publications are mainly devoted to paper documents. there are few articles on historical parchment documents, which used to be very important for the development of literature and the art of writing. these studies present a broad spectrum of methods for the assessment of biodeterioration hazards of the parchment document in question. they are based on both conventional m ...201626896133
isolation, identification and characterization of paenibacillus polymyxa cr1 with potentials for biopesticide, biofertilization, biomass degradation and biofuel production.paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium that could be exploited as an environmentally friendlier alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. various strains have been isolated that can benefit agriculture through antimicrobial activity, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, plant hormone production, or lignocellulose degradation. however, no single strain has yet been identified in which all of these advantageous traits have been confirmed.201627756215
bacillus cereus ar156 primes induced systemic resistance by suppressing mir825/825* and activating defense-related genes in arabidopsis.small rnas play an important role in plant immune responses. however, their regulatory function in induced systemic resistance (isr) is nascent. bacillus cereus ar156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces isr in arabidopsis against bacterial infection. here, by comparing small rna profiles of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000-infected arabidopsis with and without ar156 pretreatment, we identified a group of arabidopsis micrornas (mirnas) that are differentially regul ...201626526683
isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage preying an antifungal bacterium.several bacillus species were isolated from rice field soils, and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that bacillus cereus was the most abundant. a strain named bc1 showed antifungal activity against rhizoctonia solani. bacteriophages infecting strain bc1 were isolated from the same soil sample. the isolated phage pk16 had an icosahedral head of 100 ± 5 nm and tail of 200 ± 5 nm, indicating that it belonged to the family myoviridae. analysis of the complete linear dsdna genome revealed a 158, ...201627904467
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