Publications

growing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in the region with the highest prevalence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.		2011	21828976
modulation of virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains by enterococcus faecium probiotic strain culture fractions.	the increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance drastically reduced the efficiency of conventional antibiotics and led to the reconsideration of the interspecies interactions in influencing bacterial virulence and response to therapy. the aim of the study was the investigation of the influence of the soluble and cellular fractions of enterococcus (e.) faecium cmgb16 probiotic culture on the virulence and antibiotic resistance markers expression in clinical enteropathogenic escherichia (e.) coli ...	2011	21723403
tammar wallaby mammary cathelicidins are differentially expressed during lactation and exhibit antimicrobial and cell proliferative activity.	cathelicidins secreted in milk may be central to autocrine feedback in the mammary gland for optimal development in addition to conferring innate immunity to both the mammary gland and the neonate. this study exploits the unique reproductive strategy of the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) model to analyse differential splicing of cathelicidin genes and to evaluate the bactericidal activity and effect of the protein on mammary epithelial cell proliferation. two linear peptides, con73 and con218 ...	2011	21824524
pancreatic infections.		2011	21739658
lactic acid bacteria isolated from ethnic preserved meat products of the western himalayas.	we used culture- and molecular-biology-based methods to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in the ethnic chevon (goat) meat products chartayshya, jamma and arjia of the western himalayas. in six chartayshya, six jamma and four arjia samples, lab were the predominant microbial component involved in the fermentation of these samples, and the total lab population in arjia (7.8-á-¦-á0.1-álog cfu-ág(-1); mean-á-¦-ásd) was significantly higher (p-á<-á0.05) than in chartayshya (6.9 ...	2011	21839380
Anti-infection dip suggestions for the coloplast titan inflatable penile prosthesis in the era of the infection retardant coated implant.	Introduction.ÔÇé Infection is the worst complication seen with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Both the American Medical Systems (AMS) and Coloplast IPP have infection retardant coatings. AMS is coated at the factory with rifampicin and minocycline (InhibiZone). The Coloplast IPP has a hydrophilic coating covalently bonded to its components that will absorb any aqueous solution before implantation and provides increased surface lubricity to decrease bacterial adherence. Aim.ÔÇé We tested sev ...	2011	21699668
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia and daptomycin: are higher doses necessary?	Background The MIC corresponding to daptomycin susceptibility for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is Ôëñ4 mg/L. Based on the concentration-dependent killing properties of daptomycin, there may be concern about achieving adequate concentrations when the MIC approaches the upper end of the susceptible range (3-4 mg/L). Higher doses of daptomycin may be needed to treat VRE isolates with higher MICs. Methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective chart review of adult cases with VRE bacte ...	2011	21697178
selection of fecal enterococci exhibiting tcrb-mediated copper resistance in pigs fed diets supplemented with copper.	copper, as copper sulfate, is increasingly used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion in weaned piglets. acquired copper resistance, conferred by a plasmid-borne, transferable copper resistance (tcrb) gene, has been reported in enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis. a longitudinal field study was undertaken to determine the relationship between copper supplementation and the prevalence of tcrb-positive enterococci in piglets. the study was done with weaned piglets, housed ...	2011	21705534
Analyses of bacterial communities in meju, a Korean traditional fermented soybean bricks, by cultivation-based and pyrosequencing methods.	Despite the importance of meju as a raw material used to make Korean soy sauce (ganjang) and soybean paste (doenjang), little is known about the bacterial diversity of Korean meju. In this study, the bacterial communities in meju were examined using both culture-dependent and independent methods in order to evaluate the diversity of the bacterial population. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the bacterial strains isolated from meju samples showed that the dominant species were related t ...	2011	21717316
[microbiology of surgical site infections in abdominal tract surgery patients].	knowledge of the microbiology of surgical infections after abdominal surgery can be of use when prescribing effective empirical antibiotic treatments.	2011	21820107
in vitro analysis of the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial effect of four endodontic sealers.	the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of four different endodontic sealers using human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell proliferation and visual analysis of growth inhibition.	2011	21831282
snp diversity of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium in a south east queensland waterway, australia, and associated antibiotic resistance gene profiles.	enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are associated with faecal pollution of water, linked to swimmer-associated gastroenteritis and demonstrate a wide range of antibiotic resistance. the coomera river is a main water source for the pimpama-coomera watershed and is located in south east queensland, australia, which is used intensively for agriculture and recreational purposes. this study investigated the diversity of e. faecalis and e. faecium using single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp ...	2011	21910889
levels and patterns of fecal indicator bacteria in stormwater runoff from homogenous land use sites and urban watersheds.	routine stormwater monitoring programs focus on quantification of average fecal indicator bacteria (fib) concentration at the terminal watershed discharge point. while important for permit compliance, such monitoring provides little insight into relative bacteria levels from different land use types or the mechanisms that influence fib concentrations. the goal of this study was to quantify the relative levels and flux patterns of escherichia coli, enterococci, and total coliforms from representa ...	2011	21942193
microbial safety of air-dried and rewetted biosolids.	to assess microbial safety of treated sewage sludge (biosolids), we examined the inactivation of microbial indicators for potential bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. the levels of indicators were determined throughout the air-drying and storage phases of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) in victoria, australia. established methods were applied for analysis of bacteria and coliphages, based on membrane filtration and ...	2011	21942204
seasonal and temperature-associated increases in gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections among hospitalized patients.	knowledge of seasonal trends in hospital-associated infection incidence may improve surveillance and help guide the design and evaluation of infection prevention interventions. we estimated seasonal variation in the frequencies of inpatient bloodstream infections (bsis) caused by common bacterial pathogens and examined associations of monthly bsi frequencies with ambient outdoor temperature, precipitation, and humidity levels.	2011	21966489
antibacterial activity of endosequence root repair material and proroot mta against clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis.	endodontic repair materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) are used for various endodontic procedures. an alternative material to mta with purportedly improved handling properties is endosequence root repair material, which is available as premixed putty (esp) or syringeable paste (ess) and is described as possessing antibacterial activity during its setting reaction due to its highly alkaline ph. the aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether esp and ess possess antibacterial ...	2011	22000459
preliminary evaluation of a novel polymer nanocomposite as a root-end filling material.	to evaluate two nanoparticle-enhanced polymer root-end filling materials (nerp1 and nerp2) on the initial apical seal as compared to a polymer-based commercial compomer.	2011	21851366
efficiency of the cepheid xpert vana/vanb assay for screening of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci during hospital outbreak.	this study aimed to assess the efficiency of the cepheid xpert vana/vanb test for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) colonization during a vana enterococcus faecium outbreak and to compare the cepheid xpert vana/vanb (cepheid, sunnyvale, usa) test to a culture method with chromogenic medium chromid vre agar (biomérieux). the cepheid xpert vana/vanb assay showed sensitivity 61.5%, specificity 79.2%, positive predictive value 61.5% and negative predictive value 79.2%. the results obt ...	2011	22124681
differential decay of human faecal bacteroides in marine and freshwater.	genetic markers from bacteroides and other faecal bacteria are being tested for inclusion in regulations to quantify aquatic faecal contamination and estimate public health risk. for the method to be used quantitatively across environments, persistence and decay of markers must be understood. we measured concentrations of contaminant molecular markers targeting enterococcus and bacteroides spp. in marine and freshwater microcosms spiked with human sewage and exposed to either sunlight or dark tr ...	2011	21883797
first report of mefa and msra/msrb multidrug efflux pumps associated with bla(tem-1) β-lactamase in enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis is thought to possess a great deal of intrinsic resistance to several antimicrobial agents. in this study we identified ampicillin- and erythromycin-resistant clinical isolates of e. faecalis and sought to identify the resistance mechanisms among these isolates.	2011	22137270
multiple-antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from cecal contents in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in canada and plasmid colocalization of teto and ermb genes.	this study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants and investigate plasmid colocalization of tetracycline and macrolide genes in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium from broiler chicken and turkey flocks in canada. a total of 387 e. faecalis and e. faecium isolates were recovered from poultry cecal contents from five processing plants. the percentages of resistant e. faecalis and e. faecium isolates, respectively, were 88.1 and 94% to bacitracin, 0 and ...	2011	22004810
Characterization of enterococcus strains contained in probiotic products.	Probiotics are additives containing live microbes that beneficially affect a host by improving the properties of the host intestinal microflora. Recently, advances in medical treatments have led to increased numbers of immunocompromised patients; some patients contract opportunistic infections of Enterococcus species, which are considered non-pathogenic bacteria. To evaluate the safety of probiotics containing Enterococcus strains, we isolated Enterococcus from six probiotic products and compare ...	2011	21881235
In vitro analysis of the bactericidal activity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 against pediatric uropathogens.	The usefulness of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children was recently questioned. Some groups have attempted to use probiotics, most commonly lactobacillus, to prevent recurrent infections by altering the intestinal bacterial reservoir with variable results. Mutaflor® is a possible alternative probiotic in which the active agent is Nissle 1917. Nissle 1917 is a commensal Escherichia coli strain that eradicates pathogenic bacteria from the gastrointesti ...	2011	21855931
Single center experience of a vancomycin resistant enterococcal endocarditis cohort.	Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) infective endocarditis (IE) is an increasing nosocomial problem. We describe the clinical management and outcomes of a cohort of patients with VRE IE at a tertiary endocarditis referral center.	2011	21920382
the antimicrobial efficacy of silver on antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds.	the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern to wound care because of their ability to resist many of the antibiotics used today to treat infections. consequently, other antimicrobials, in particular ionic silver, are considered ideal topical agents for effectively helping to manage and prevent local infections. little is known about the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic silver on antibiotic-resistant bacteria at different ph values. consequently, in this study our aim was to evaluate the ...	2011	22182219
beyond bacteria: a study of the enteric microbial consortium in extremely low birth weight infants.	extremely low birth weight (elbw) infants have high morbidity and mortality, frequently due to invasive infections from bacteria, fungi, and viruses. the microbial communities present in the gastrointestinal tracts of preterm infants may serve as a reservoir for invasive organisms and remain poorly characterized. we used deep pyrosequencing to examine the gut-associated microbiome of 11 elbw infants in the first postnatal month, with a first time determination of the eukaryote microbiota such as ...	2011	22174751
WFDC2 is differentially expressed in the mammary gland of the tammar wallaby and provides immune protection to the mammary gland and the developing pouch young.	WAP four disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) is a four disulfide core (4-DSC) protein secreted in the milk of the tammar wallaby. It is comprised of two 4-DSC domains assigned domain III at the NH2-terminal end and domain II at the COOH-terminal end. The WFDC2 gene was expressed only during pregnancy, early lactation, towards the end of lactation and involution. The WFDC2 protein showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this acti ...	2011	22024352
antibacterial activity of two mta-based root canal sealers.	to evaluate the ph and antibacterial activity of endo cpm sealer and mta fillapex by two different methods, using white mta and endofill as references for comparison.	2011	21895702
Isolation and Characterization of Enterocin W, a Novel Two-Peptide Lantibiotic Produced by Enterococcus faecalis NKR-4-1.	Enterococcus faecalis NKR-4-1 isolated from Pla-ra produces a novel two-peptide lantibiotic, termed enterocin W, comprising Wa and Wß. The structure of enterocin W exhibited similarity with that of plantaricin W. The two peptides acted synergistically, and their order of binding to the cell membrane was important for their inhibitory activity.	2011	22138996
Clinical Features and Rate of Infective Endocarditis in Non-Faecalis and Non-faecium Enterococcal Bacteremia.	Non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococci are an occasional cause of bacteremia, and some cases of infective endocarditis caused by these pathogens have been reported. However, the rate of infective endocarditis in non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcal bacteremia is still undetermined. We compared the clinical features and the rate of infective endocarditis of 70 cases of non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcal bacteremia with those of 65 cases of Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Non-faeca ...	2011	22111070
coriander (coriandrum sativum l.) essential oil: its antibacterial activity and mode of action evaluated by flow cytometry.	the aim of this work was to study the antibacterial effect of coriander (coriandrum sativum) essential oil against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated using classical microbiological techniques concomitantly with the use of flow cytometry for the evaluation of cellular physiology. our results showed that coriander oil has an effective antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. also, coriander oil exhibited bactericidal activity against al ...	2011	21862758
first detection of the antiseptic resistance gene qaca/b in enterococcus faecalis.	resistance to disinfectants is well investigated in staphylococci and pseudomonads but nearly unexplored in bacteria of the genus enterococcus, despite their rising significance as nosocomial pathogens. in this study, enterococcus faecalis (n=585) from blood (n=42) and stool (n=109) of hospitalized humans, from faeces of farm animals (n=226), and from food (milk and dairy products, n=96; meat and meat products, n=112) were screened for the presence of qac-genes (qaca, qacb, qacc, smr [qacc+qacd] ...	2011	22017402
microbiology of equine wounds and evidence of bacterial biofilms.	horse wounds have a high risk of becoming infected due to their environment. infected wounds harbour diverse populations of microorganisms, however in some cases these microorganisms can be difficult to identify and fail to respond to antibiotic treatment, resulting in chronic non-healing wounds. in human wounds this has been attributed to the ability of bacteria to survive in a biofilm phenotypic state. biofilms are known to delay wound healing, principally due to their recalcitrance towards an ...	2011	21273008
bacterial osteomyelitis in a 3-week-old broiler chicken associated with enterococcus hirae.	enterococcus hirae infections are reported to cause growth depression, encephalomalacia, endocarditis, and septicemia in chickens. this report describes osteomyelitis in the proximal femur of a 3-week-old broiler chicken that also suffered from valvular endocarditis and liver necrosis. histologically, clusters of gram-positive coccoid bacteria were found in many organs, including bone lesions. in tissues from 5 of 6 examined chickens from the same flock, e hirae was isolated in large numbers. to ...	2011	21273384
evaluation of multiplex pcr using dual-priming oligonucleotide for the detection of vana and vanb in vancomycin-resistant enterococci.		2011	21275812
bacterial leakage in root canals filled with conventional and mta-based sealers.	to evaluate bacterial leakage after filling root canals with several endodontic sealers, including mta-based materials.	2011	21276016
the inter-tidal zone is the pathway of input of enterococci to a subtropical recreational marine beach.	efforts were made to evaluate the source of enterococci levels at a recreational beach. four monitoring efforts were implemented which included tidal studies, hourly sampling, runoff sampling, and spatially intensive sediment sampling. spatially intensive sediment sampling indicated that enterococci concentrations consistently decreased away from the inter-tidal zone, both seaward and landward. during dry conditions, the highest concentrations in the water were observed during high tide (71±48 c ...	2011	21278478
competing allosteric mechanisms modulate substrate binding in a dimeric enzyme.	allostery has been studied for many decades, yet it remains challenging to determine experimentally how it occurs at a molecular level. we have developed an approach combining isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify allostery in terms of protein thermodynamics, structure and dynamics. this strategy was applied to study the interaction between aminoglycoside n-(6')-acetyltransferase-ii and one of its substrates, acetyl coenzyme ...	2011	21278754
synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives as potential anti-microbial and cytotoxic agents.	a series of novel 2-(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-n-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-thiazolidin-3yl)-acetamide 5a-j have been synthesized from various aldehydes and 2-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-1h-benzimidazole 6a-j from various benzoic acids. these compounds were screened for their in-vitro anti-bacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis as gram positive, klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli as gram negative bacterial strains and for in-vitro anti-fun ...	2011	21280103
effect of routine sterile gloving on contamination rates in blood culture: a cluster randomized trial.	blood culture contamination leads to inappropriate or unnecessary antibiotic use. however, practical guidelines are inconsistent about the routine use of sterile gloving in collection of blood for culture.	2011	21282693
higher incidence of enterococcus faecium and ampicillin resistance among the gut commensal enterococci isolated following oral antibiotic therapy.		2011	21282946
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for the identification of clinically relevant bacteria.	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) allows rapid and reliable identification of microorganisms, particularly clinically important pathogens.	2011	21283545
evaluation of three swab transport systems for the maintenance of clinically important bacteria in simulated mono- and polymicrobial samples.	in this study, three swab transport systems were evaluated: m40 transystem, amies broth with a relatively new type of swab (both copan diagnostics, corona, ca, usa), and ssi transportmedium (statens serum institut, copenhagen denmark). the clsi m40-a standard procedures and 11 culture collection strains were used. the transport systems were tested at room temperature for holding times of 0, 24, and 48 h, and both mono- and polymicrobial samples were included. after 24 h of simulated transportati ...	2011	21284737
intestinal microbiota was assessed in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis b virus infection. intestinal microbiota of hbv cirrhotic patients.	to unravel the profile of intestinal microecological parameters in chinese patients with asymptomatic carriage of hepatitis b virus (hbv), chronic hepatitis b, decompensated hbv cirrhosis, and health controls and to establish their correlation with liver disease progression, we performed quantitative pcr and immunological techniques to investigate fecal parameters, including population of fecal predominant bacteria and the abundance of some virulence genes derived from escherichia coli, bacteroi ...	2011	21286703
multidrug-resistant enterococci in animal meat and faeces and co-transfer of resistance from an enterococcus durans to a human enterococcus faecium.	forty-eight isolates resistant to at least two antibiotics were selected from 53 antibiotic-resistant enterococci from chicken and pig meat and faeces and analysed for specific resistance determinants. of the 48 multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains, 31 were resistant to two antibiotics (29 to erythromycin and tetracycline, 1 to erythromycin and vancomycin, 1 to vancomycin and tetracycline), 14 to three (erythromycin, tetracycline and vancomycin or ampicillin) and 3 to four (erythromycin, vancomycin ...	2011	21286720
effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic species-an in vitro study.	the in vitro study was aimed to determine the effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic microorganisms. ozone was generated for 6 s-2?×?24 s (corresponding to 0.56 mg-2?×?2.24 mg of ozone) against 23 mainly anaerobic periodontopathogenic species. agar diffusion test was used as a screening method. then, the killing activity was tested in a serum-free environment and with 25% v/v inactivated serum. further, the effect of ozone on bactericidal activity of native serum was analyzed against fusobacter ...	2011	21287208
comparison of two diode lasers on bactericidity in root canals-an in vitro study.	this in vitro study compares two 810-nm and 940-nm diode lasers on bacterial kill in root canals of extracted human teeth and shows the clinical relevance of different treatment modalities. ninety root canals of single-rooted human teeth were prepared up to iso 70, steam sterilized, and assigned to two test groups (810 nm, 940 nm) and one control group. following an initiatory experiment in which access opening of root canals and surrounding cavity were excluded from irradiation in the main expe ...	2011	21287219
in vitro susceptibility of enterococci strains isolated from urine samples to fosfomycin and other antibiotics.	enterococci are mostly isolated from urinary tract infections (utis). increasing antibiotic resistance affects the success rate in empirical treatment, thus makes antibiotic susceptibility tests important. the aim of this study was to determine the species distribution and resistance patterns of enterococcus strains isolated from urine samples to antibacterial agents including fosfomycin in a teaching hospital, istanbul. the identification of 100 enterococcus strains were determined by using con ...	2011	21287226
triterpenoid saponins from symplocos lancifolia.	three new bidesmosidic saponins (1-3) and a new ursane triterpenoid, 2a,3ß,11a,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (4), along with seven known compounds, were isolated from a methanolic extract of the leaves of symplocos lancifolia. the bidesmosidic saponins were found to possess the same sugar unit part, composed of two ß-d-glucose moieties and one a-l-rhamnose moiety, linked to maslinic acid, arjunolic acid, and asiatic acid, respectively. their structures were elucidated by interpretation of ...	2011	21288041
environmental survival of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium.		2011	21288596
count, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria recovered from dental solid waste in brazil.	in brazil, few studies on microbial content of dental solid waste and its antibiotic susceptibility are available. an effort has been made through this study to evaluate the hazardous status of dental solid waste, keeping in mind its possible role in cross-infection chain. six samples of solid waste were collected at different times and seasons from three dental health services. the microbial content was evaluated in different culture media and atmospheric conditions, and the isolates were submi ...	2011	21288707
daptomycin nonsusceptible enterococci: an emerging challenge for clinicians.	daptomycin is the only antibiotic with in vitro bactericidal activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) that is approved by the food and drug administration (fda). data on the potential emergence of daptomycin nonsusceptibility among enterococci remain limited. we systematically reviewed the published literature for reports of isolates of enterococci that were daptomycin nonsusceptible and assessed the clinical significance and outcome of therapy. based on susceptibility breakpoint ...	2011	21288849
an in vitro comparative study determining bactericidal activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide and other oral rinses.	the study was conducted to determine the bactericidal activity of a stabilized chlorine dioxide oral rinse (closys oral rinse) compared to products currently available on the market.	2011	21290979
in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftobiprole against clinical isolates from french teaching hospitals: proposition of zone diameter breakpoints.	the aims of this study were to determine the in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin, against a large number of bacterial pathogens and to propose zone diameter breakpoints for clinical categorisation according to the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints. mics of ceftobiprole were determined by broth microdilution against 1548 clinical isolates collected in eight french hospitals. d ...	2011	21295447
evidence for involvement of the c-terminal domain in the dimerization of the copy repressor protein from enterococcus hirae.	metal binding to the c-terminal region of the copper-responsive repressor protein copy is responsible for homodimerization and the regulation of the copper homeostasis pathway in enterococcus hirae. specific involvement of the 38 c-terminal residues of copy in dimerization is indicated by zonal and frontal (large zone) size-exclusion chromatography studies. the studies demonstrate that the attachment of these copy residues to the immunoglobulin-binding domain of streptococcal protein g (gb1) pro ...	2011	21295546
transcriptome, proteome, and metabolite analyses of a lactate dehydrogenase-negative mutant of enterococcus faecalis v583.	a constructed lactate dehydrogenase (ldh)-negative mutant of enterococcus faecalis v583 grows at the same rate as the wild type but ferments glucose to ethanol, formate, and acetoin. microarray analysis showed that ldh deficiency had profound transcriptional effects: 43 genes in the mutant were found to be upregulated, and 45 were found to be downregulated. most of the upregulated genes encode enzymes of energy metabolism or transport. by two-dimensional (2d) gel analysis, 45 differentially expr ...	2011	21296946
clinical evaluation of the copan eswab for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus detection and culture of wounds.	the screening for and diagnosis of bacteriological infections often involves the collection and transportation of swab samples. the copan eswab was compared with the dry cotton copan swab for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) screening (n = 200 paired samples) and with the amies agar gel swab (copan) for the sampling of burn and orthopaedic wounds (n = 203 paired samples) in terms of gram staining and bacterial recovery. gram stains performed with eswab liquid showed significant ...	2011	21298460
diversity and dynamics of bacterial populations during spontaneous sorghum fermentations used to produce ting, a south african food.	ting is a spontaneously fermented sorghum food that is popular for its sour taste and unique flavour. insight of the microbial diversity and population dynamics during sorghum fermentations is an essential component of the development of starter cultures for commercial production of ting. in this study, bacterial populations associated with spontaneous sorghum fermentations were examined using a culture-independent strategy based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis o ...	2011	21300507
phenotypic and genotypic analyses of lactic acid bacteria in local fermented food, breast milk and faeces of mothers and their babies.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) are generally accepted as beneficial to the host and their presence is directly influenced by ingestion of fermented food or probiotics. while the intestinal lactic microbiota is well-described knowledge on its routes of inoculation and competitiveness towards selective pressure shaping the intestinal microbiota is limited. in this study, lab were isolated from faecal samples of breast feeding mothers living in syria, from faeces of their infants, from breast milk as w ...	2011	21300508
microbial risk classifications for recreational waters and applications to the swan and canning rivers in western australia.	protecting recreational water quality where 'whole-of-body contact' activities occur is important from a public health and economic perspective. numerous studies have demonstrated that infectious illnesses occur when swimming in faecally polluted waters. with the release of the 2008 australian recreational water guidelines, the western australian (wa) department of health conducted a formal evaluation to highlight the advantages of applying the microbial risk management framework to 27 swimming ...	2011	21301116
multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae including metallo-ß-lactamase producers are predominant pathogens of healthcare-associated infections in an indian teaching hospital.	a study was carried out in an indian teaching hospital in 2009 to detect the rate of surgical site infections (ssi) and peripheral vascular access site infections.	2011	21304190
vancomycin-dependent enterococcus.		2011	21304202
thrombocytes are effectors of the innate immune system releasing human beta defensin-3.	thrombocyte concentrate i.e. platelet-rich plasma (prp) has become a popular adjunct for many surgical procedures. it is believed to improve bone and soft tissue healing. recently antimicrobial effects of the autologous preparation were reported by several groups. in this study we investigated the antimicrobial effect of prp against gram-negative microbes which frequently cause severe complications in orthopaedic trauma surgery.	2011	21310405
monitoring intestinal microbiota profile: a promising method for the ultraearly detection of colorectal cancer.	colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and is very hard to be detected at an ultraearly stage because of lack of valuable predicating methods that often lead to treatment failure. intestinal microbiota has long been considered to implicate in colorectal cancer pathology; and many recent reports point out a close linkage between the intestinal bacteria and the genesis of the tumor. present studies indicate that the structure and characteristics of the intestinal microbiota are signif ...	2011	21310543
assessment of the antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine paste and other intracanal medications against bacterial pathogens.	the purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)(2)] pastes against enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus mutans.	2011	21311611
bactericidal paper impregnated with silver nanoparticles for point-of-use water treatment.	there is an urgent need for cheap point-of-use methods to purify drinking water. we describe a method to deactivate pathogenic bacteria by percolation through a paper sheet containing silver nanoparticles. the silver nanoparticles are deposited by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate on the cellulose fibers of an absorbent blotting paper sheet. the aim is to achieve inactivation of bacteria during percolation through the sheet, rather than removal of bacteria from the effluent by filtration. ...	2011	21314116
probiotic assessment of enterococcus faecalis cp58 isolated from human gut.	a total of seventy lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from the faeces of healthy humans and their identities were confirmed by sequencing of their 16s rdna genes. of these only 5 isolates were found to resist bile salts and indicated survival in the simulated in vitro digestion assay which reproduces the stomach and intestinal digestion indicating their tolerance to gastric enzymes and the low ph conditions. species that showed the best resistance to these conditions were: lactobacillus ca ...	2011	21315470
growth advantage in stationary phase phenomenon in gram-positive bacteria.		2011	21316120
the effect of handwashing with water or soap on bacterial contamination of hands.	handwashing is thought to be effective for the prevention of transmission of diarrhoea pathogens. however it is not conclusive that handwashing with soap is more effective at reducing contamination with bacteria associated with diarrhoea than using water only. in this study 20 volunteers contaminated their hands deliberately by touching door handles and railings in public spaces. they were then allocated at random to (1) handwashing with water, (2) handwashing with non-antibacterial soap and (3) ...	2011	21318017
sodium or lithium ion-binding-induced structural changes in the k-ring of v-atpase from enterococcus hirae revealed by atr-ftir spectroscopy.	v-atpase from enterococcus hirae forms a large supramolecular protein complex (total molecular weight ~700,000) and physiologically transports na(+) and li(+) across a hydrophobic lipid bilayer. stabilization of these cations in the binding site has been discussed on the basis of x-ray crystal structures of a membrane-embedded domain, the k-ring (na(+)- and li(+)-bound forms). here, sodium or lithium ion-binding-induced difference ir spectra of the intact v-atpase have for the first time been me ...	2011	21319823
effects of dietary polyphenol-rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks.	grapes have high amounts of phenolic compounds, which can modulate the gut activity as well as modify the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract. the microbiological activity of avoparcin, grape pomace concentrate, and grape seed extract was evaluated in an in vitro study. an in vivo experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the inclusion of grape pomace concentrate and grape seed extract in the diet of broiler chicks on performance, intestinal microflora (by cultured an ...	2011	21325227
use of daptomycin in complicated cases of infective endocarditis.	infective endocarditis (ie) is a serious form of infection with a high mortality. medical management can be a challenge because of organ dysfunction, lack of clinical response or allergy to the recommended antibiotics. daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with a potent bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria. there are limited data on the use of daptomycin in complicated cases of ie. we aim to report our experience of daptomycin use in complicated cases of ie through a prospective ...	2011	21327445
molecular epidemiology of enterococcus faecium isolates from an italian hospital.	outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) strains is an emerging problem worldwide. even if still relatively uncommon in european hospitals, infections caused by vre have also been increasing recently in this continent.	2011	21327628
isolation and partial characterization of halotolerant lactic acid bacteria from two mexican cheeses.	isolated strains of halotolerant or halophilic lactic acid bacteria (halab) from cotija and doble crema cheeses were identified and partially characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, and their technological abilities were studied in order to test their potential use as dairy starter components. humidity, a(w), ph, and salt concentration of cheeses were determined. genotypic diversity was evaluated by randomly amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction. molecular identification ...	2011	21327742
[management of mesh-related infections].	infections of an implanted hernia mesh are a major challenge. the incidence of mesh infections after incisional hernia repair is about 1% for endoscopic techniques and can be more than 15% in open techniques. intraoperative mesh contamination is considered to be the primary cause. all woven or knitted hernia meshes have recesses where bacteria may adhere and establish colonies. the bacterial spectrum for mesh infection includes skin pathogens, such as staphylococcus aureus (including mrsa), stre ...	2011	21327906
antibacterial activity of 15-deoxygoyazensolide isolated from the stems of minasia alpestris (asteraceae) against oral pathogens.	this work reports the isolation of the sesquiterpene lactone 15-deoxygoyazensolide from the stems of minasia alpestris and the evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against the following oral pathogens: enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguinis, and lactobacillus casei. despite the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of other sesquiterpene lactones of the furanoheliangolide-type, our results revealed t ...	2011	21328129
role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the clearance of enterococcus faecalis derived from saliva and infected root canals.	the goal of this study was to measure (1) the ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmns) to kill oral enterococcus faecalis strains, (2) up-regulation of inflammatory mediators by pmns in interaction with e. faecalis, and (3) the ability of e. faecalis to cause inflammation in mouse muscle tissue.	2011	21329819
residual and antimicrobial activity of final irrigation protocols on enterococcus faecalis biofilm in dentin.	the use of root canal irrigating solutions exerting antimicrobial activity and prolonged residual activity is desirable in order to control dentin infection and delay reinfection of the root canal. the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual antimicrobial activity and the capacity to eradicate enterococcus faecalis biofilm of different irrigating solutions, alone and in combination, in a dentin-volumetric test.	2011	21329822
antibacterial activity of propolis versus conventional endodontic disinfectants against enterococcus faecalis in infected dentinal tubules.	the antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis of 2 propolis samples was investigated in a dentin block model, and their effectiveness was compared with that of established endodontic disinfectants, chlorhexidine (chx) and calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)(2)].	2011	21329825
control of a regional outbreak of vana glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium, eastern france, 2004-2009.	at the end of 2004, an outbreak of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) spread from the nancy teaching hospital to more than 40 facilities in the lorraine region. because this outbreak appeared to be uninhibited, a regional task force was set up to organize and co-ordinate the management of the outbreak, visiting the affected facilities to publicize the existing recommendations and take stock of the problems encountered in the field. the task force then proposed control measures specific to ...	2011	21330205
acute necrotic stomatitis (noma) associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a newly acquired rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta).	a newly acquired rhesus macaque was suffering from rapid destruction of the left cheek caused by necrotizing stomatitis.	2011	21332756
method for rapid and sensitive detection of enterococcus sp. and enterococcus faecalis/faecium cells in potable water samples.	we have developed a rapid and robust technological solution including a membrane filtration and dissolution method followed by a molecular enrichment and a real-time pcr assay, for detecting the presence of enterococcus sp. or enterococcus faecalis/faecium per 100 ml of water in less than 5 h and we compared it to method 1600 on mei agar in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and limit of detection. the mei and the enterococcus sp.-specific assay detected respectively 73 (64.0%) and 114 (100%) of ...	2011	21333318
management of gram-positive coccal bacteremia and hemodialysis.	gram-positive cocci are the most common cause of bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients, with staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci causing most infections. management of these infections often is complicated by limited vascular access options, as well as an increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in hemodialysis centers, including the emergence of strains of methicillin-resistant s aureus with vancomycin heteroresistance and increasing rates of vancomycin- ...	2011	21333430
purification of a lectin with antibacterial activity from bothrops leucurus snake venom.	a novel lectin was isolated from bothrops leucurus snake venom using a combination of affinity and gel filtration chromatographies. the lectin (bll) agglutinated glutaraldehyde-treated rabbit and human erythrocytes with preference for rabbit erythrocytes. galactose, raffinose, lactose, fetal bovine serum and casein inhibited lectin-induced rabbit erythrocyte agglutination. bll, with a molecular mass of 30 kda and composed of two subunits of 15 kda, showed dependence on calcium. bll is an acidic ...	2011	21334449
epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at two referral centers in tehran, iran: a descriptive study.	risk factors for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) vary by population and locale. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for vre colonization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in tehran.	2011	21334943
development of a dna microarray for enterococcal species, virulence, and antibiotic resistance gene determinations among isolates from poultry.	a dna microarray (enteroarray) was designed with probes targeting four species-specific taxonomic identifiers to discriminate among 18 different enterococcal species, while other probes were designed to identify 18 virulence factors and 174 antibiotic resistance genes. in total, 262 genes were utilized for rapid species identification of enterococcal isolates, while characterizing their virulence potential through the simultaneous identification of endogenous antibiotic resistance and virulence ...	2011	21335389
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: an uncommon pediatric renal mass.		2011	21336642
challenges and advances in infection control of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.	hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) has revolutionized the outcome of many malignant and non-malignant disorders; however, infection still accounts for a substantial number of deaths after both allogeneic and autologous transplants. hospital-acquired infections (hai) such as bloodstream infections, pneumonias, and diarrhea are common in this population and account for significant morbidity and cost of care. also, there is renewed focus on epidemiologically important organisms as the c ...	2011	21303337
subtle perturbations of genital microflora alter mucosal immunity among low-risk pregnant women.	alteration in the vaginal flora has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. the objective of this study was to examine the impact of changes in individual microflora on genital immunity among low-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy.	2011	21306340
a 1.5 hour procedure for identification of enterococcus species directly from blood cultures.	enterococci are a common cause of bacteremia with e. faecalis being the predominant species followed by e. faecium. because resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin in e. faecalis is still uncommon compared to resistance in e. faecium, the development of rapid tests allowing differentiation between enterococcal species is important for appropriate therapy and resistance surveillance. the e. faecalis oe pna fish assay (advandx, woburn, ma) uses species-specific peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes in ...	2011	21339730
[comparison of microdilution method and phoenix automated system for testing antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococcus strains].	enterococcus spp. are important pathogens which are intrinsically resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobial agents such as aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. accurate determination of resistance is important to ensure appropriate antimicrobial therapy. this study was undertaken to compare the susceptibility results obtained by phoenix system (becton dickinson, usa) with reference microdilution method. we included 1248 enterococcus spp. (903 enterococcus faecalis, 345 enterococcus fae ...	2011	21341155
[assessment of diagnostic methods for the catheter-related bloodstream infections in intensive care units].	the majority of catheter-related bloodstream infections (cr-bsi) are associated with central venous catheters (cvcs) and most of them develop in patients staying at intensive care units (icus). the aim of this study was to assess the performance of different methods for the diagnosis of cr-bsi in neurology and neurosurgery icus of our hospital. this prospective study was carried out between january 2007 and january 2008 and all of the patients were followed daily for cr-bsi after the insertion o ...	2011	21341162
[causative agents of intravenous catheter-related infections and their antibiotic susceptibilities].	intravenous catheterization can lead to colonization as well as a broad spectrum of infections ranging from catheter site infections to catheter-related blood stream infections (crbsis). the aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in crbsis and catheter site infections along with the colonization rates and colonizing microorganisms in zonguldak karaelmas university hospital, turkey. the results of cultures from catheter ...	2011	21341163
a successful strategy for the use of synergistic intravenous streptomycin in a hemodialysis patient with refractory enterococcus faecalis bacteremia.	streptomycin has been available for over 60 years, yet optimal dosing in hemodialysis (hd) patients is not well defined. we report the successful treatment of enterococcal bacteremia in an hd patient with intravenous (iv) penicillin g and iv streptomycin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg after hd sessions.	2011	21350946
serious bacterial infections in hospitalized febrile infants aged 90 days or younger: the traditional combination of ampicillin and gentamicin is still appropriate.	a change in the bacterial epidemiology of infantile serious bacterial infection (sbi) has raised concerns regarding the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.	2011	21351817
bacterial localization and viability assessment in human ex vivo dentinal tubules by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy.	to develop a convenient method for the localization and quantification of live and dead bacteria in human ex vivo mineralized dentinal tubules.	2011	21352240
modulation of cortisol levels, endocannabinoid receptor 1a, proopiomelanocortin and thyroid hormone receptor alpha mrna expressions by probiotics during sole (solea solea) larval development.	in the present study, we investigated whether the use of enterococcus faecium imc 511 as a probiotic can modulate neuroendocrine system responses during the larval rearing of solea solea; to this end, the gene expression patterns of proopiomelanocortin (pomc), endocannabinoid receptor 1a (cb1a), and thyroid receptor alpha (tra) were quantified, and whole-body cortisol levels were measured. probiotic treatment up-regulated transcription of all selected genes and cortisol concentrations on day 10 ...	2011	21352826
regulatory circuits controlling enterococcal conjugation: lessons for functional genomics.	the regulatory system controlling pheromone-induced plasmid transfer in enterococcus faecalis is the most thoroughly studied genetic system of this species. transcription initiation from the target promoter is controlled by a pheromone receptor/repressor protein whose activity is determined by its interaction with two peptide signaling molecules that compete for the same binding site, but have opposing effects on the activity of the receptor protein. for the system to function as a sensitive and ...	2011	21353627
prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens from blood cultures from canadian hospitals: results of the canward 2007-2009 study.	this study assessed the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens associated with bloodstream infections in canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. tertiary-care medical centers representing 8 of 10 canadian provinces submitted bloodstream infection pathogens from patients attending hospital clinics, emergency rooms, medical/surgical wards, and intensive care units. over 8,000 blood culture pathogens were collected. the 10 most common pathogens (representing 80.9% of all isolates) ...	2011	21353958
in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against frequently encountered aerobic and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens: results of the canward 2007-2009 study.	the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was evaluated against 15 011 clinical isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. all staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ceftobiprole (mic(90)'s for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus of = 1 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively). ceftobiprole was active against penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (mic(90), = 0.06 µg/ml), penicillin-resistant streptococcu ...	2011	21353964