Publications

phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, msp1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance.	the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale, which is endemic worldwide, is the type species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae). rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important tick vector of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite extensive characterization of the genetic diversity in a. marginale geographic strains using major surface protein sequences, little is known about the biogeography and evolution of a. marginale and other a ...	2009	19723295
sir arnold theiler and the discovery of anaplasmosis: a centennial perspective.	sir arnold theiler's research in 1908/09 led to the discovery of the first rickettsial pathogen, anaplasma marginale, and set the stage for his development and implementation of an effective live vaccine based on a less virulent strain, a. marginale ss. centrale. his 1910 report, describing a. marginale, is among the classic monographs in infectious disease research, presenting not only observations in exacting detail but also highlighting the deductive reasoning leading to association of a new ...	2009	19967931
meta-analysis: appropriate tool for the integration of nursing research?		2009	2798158
sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy.		2009	2704378
morning glory syndrome associated with marked persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and lens colobomas.	a case of morning glory syndrome with striking persistence of primary vitreous is presented. the hypothesis that the syndrome is an expression of abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure is substantiated by the coexistence of lens colobomas. furthermore, the marked primary vitreous hyperplasia shows the way in which persistence of primary vitreous influences the clinical expression with respect to optic pit and colobomas of the optic nerve.	2009	2765452
elevation of factor vii activity and mass in young adults at risk of ischemic heart disease.	the northwick park heart study found that elevation of factor vii in middle-aged subjects was an independent risk factor for subsequent ischemic heart disease. the present study was designed to determine whether factor vii elevation is present at a younger age and whether zymogen or activated factor vii is responsible for this elevation. a group of 20 asymptomatic first degree relatives (mean age 34.9 years) of patients with premature ischemic heart disease were compared with 15 age-matched norm ...	2009	2794283
taking charge: we wanted a smoke-free workplace and we got it.		2009	2772525
anti-inflammatory drugs from plant and marine sources.		2009	2784931
clinical experience with ciprofloxacin: analysis of a multicenter study.	in a multicenter study of 36 patients treated with ciprofloxacin (mean daily dosage, 986 mg per day; mean duration of treatment, 10.8 days) for a variety of infections, 32 were microbiologically proven. of these, bacteriologic cure and/or improvement resulted in 100% of cases. for all 36 infections clinical cure and/or improvement resulted in 97.1% of cases. a total of 13 infections were classified as chronic. overall there were six adverse reactions reported in 4/36 (11.1%) patients. five were ...	2009	2681482
neuronal overload in the developing anuran lateral motor column in response to limb removal and thyroid hormone.	the lateral motor column (lmc) in the anuran spinal cord normally undergoes a dramatic reduction in motor neuron number during development. at least two factors influence this process: the limb target which is required for the progression of cell loss, and thyroid hormone, a requisite for metamorphosis. this study has examined the relative and combined effects of limb amputation and exogenous thyroxine, initiated at the onset of normal rapid cell loss in rana pipiens tadpoles, in regulating neur ...	2009	2787336
cytochrome p-450 membrane signals.		2009	2680408
the contrasting structures of mismatched dna sequences containing looped-out bases (bulges) and multiple mismatches (bubbles).	we have studied the structure and reactivities of two kinds of mismatched dna sequences--unopposed bases, or bulges, and multiple mismatched pairs of bases. these were generated in a constant sequence environment, in relatively long dna fragments, using a technique based on heteroduplex formation between sequences cloned into single-stranded m13 phage. the mismatched sequences were studied from two points of view, viz 1. the mobility of the fragments on gel electrophoresis in polyacrylamide was ...	2009	2780311
[left ventricular pressure-volume diagram determined by forward and backward formatting of radionuclide ventriculography and analog pressure data].	pressure-volume (pv) loop is of great value for the assessment of left ventricular (lv) function, but its clinical application has been limited by methodological complexity. a new system was developed to make accurate loop with simplified procedure, and was applied to clinical and interventional study. the system constitutes of a mobile gamma camera, a poly-amplifier and a data processor (gms-550u, toshiba medical) installed in cardiac catheterization labo for simultaneous raw data handling and ...	2009	2786583
a retrospective cohort study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust exposure in railroad workers.	the risk of lung cancer as a result of exposure to diesel exhaust from railroad locomotives was assessed in a cohort of 55,407 white male railroad workers 40 to 64 yr of age in 1959 who had started railroad service 10 to 20 years earlier. the cohort was traced until the end of 1980, and death certificates were obtained for 88% of 19,396 deaths; 1,694 lung cancer cases were identified. yearly railroad job from 1959 to death or retirement was available from the railroad retirement board, and serve ...	2009	3354987
allograft tolerance induction in adult mice associated with functional deletion of specific ctl precursors.	rejection of h-2 class i bm 1 mutant skin allografts by b6 recipient mice is mediated by a population of cd8+ anti-bm1 cytotoxic t-lymphocytes that produces and consumes its own t helper factor in response to bm1 skin allografts (dual function ctl). previously we have demonstrated that transfusion of allogeneic lymphocytes across an h-2 class i disparity induces specific long-lasting skin allograft survival. we now show that intravenous injection of allogeneic spleen cells across the bm1 mutant ...	2009	2815256
allograft tolerance induction in adult mice associated with functional deletion of specific ctl precursors.	rejection of h-2 class i bm 1 mutant skin allografts by b6 recipient mice is mediated by a population of cd8+ anti-bm1 cytotoxic t-lymphocytes that produces and consumes its own t helper factor in response to bm1 skin allografts (dual function ctl). previously we have demonstrated that transfusion of allogeneic lymphocytes across an h-2 class i disparity induces specific long-lasting skin allograft survival. we now show that intravenous injection of allogeneic spleen cells across the bm1 mutant ...	2009	2815256
[an unusual slow course of systemic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement].	this paper reports on an unusually slowly progressing course seen in systemic vasculitis of the median and smaller arteries and small veins associated with dermatomyositis, chronically active hepatitis, glomerulonephritis of the immune complex and restrictive cardiomyopathy in a 35-year-old patient. the authors discuss the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis and in finding the exact classification of this disease.	2009	2714835
[dr. miklós tímár on his 75th birthday].		2009	2691954
development of neural inducing capacity in dissociated xenopus embryos.	during gastrulation in amphibians, dorsal ectoderm is converted by induction from an epidermal pathway to central nervous system (cns). we show in this report that the ability of the embryo to manufacture this neural inducing signal is not dependent upon intercellular communication between early cleavage and early gastrula stages. this result is consistent with the interpretation that the cell lineage that induces cns formation arises itself by a cell-autonomous mechanism, perhaps specified by m ...	2009	2731653
family or individual therapy: the determinants of modality choice.	there are powerful non-rational forces in patients and therapists alike, and in the therapeutic context. these forces often determine whether individual or family therapy is chosen. historical, cultural, and economic forces, patient and family motivations, and therapist preferences are all powerful determinants of modality choice. this is partly due to the newness of the field of family therapy, and will probably continue until we have a better conceptual grasp of family theory and nosology, the ...	2009	4018725
effect of hydergine in hyperprolactinemia.	the prl-inhibiting and ovulation-inducing effects of hydergine were studied in 18 patients with hyperprolactinemic ovulatory disturbances. the women were divided into 2 groups of 9 each. those in group a had basal serum prl levels higher than 100 micrograms/l, and those in group b had basal serum prl levels lower than 100 micrograms/l. serum prl levels in both groups were determined before and hourly for 8 h after a single oral dose of either 2 mg hydergine or placebo. hydergine induced a signif ...	2009	2753986
distribution of a boronated porphyrin in murine tumors.		2009	2751609
[significance of teaching social welfare in nursing training].		2009	2632889
successful implantation of penile prostheses in organ transplant patients.	we present our experience with implantation of penile prostheses in 6 organ transplant recipients, including 2 patients after renal transplantation and 4 patients after cardiac transplantation. we have seen no problems related to prosthesis surgery in this patient population, and in particular have experienced no infectious complications. all patients received strict perioperative antibiotic and steroid coverage. we conclude that erectile impotence in the male organ transplant patient can be suc ...	2009	2648658
characterization of recombinant msp5 anaplasma marginale havana isolate.	anaplasma marginale is the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, a disease of worldwide economic importance. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and they have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. the major surface protein 5 (msp5) is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and in all isolates of a. marginale. the aim of the present work was to carry out the cloning, sequenc ...	2009	24031449
in vitro establishment and propagation of a brazilian strain of anaplasma marginale with appendage in ide8 (ixodes scapularis) cells.	a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage was successfully established and maintained in vitro in a tick cell line (ide8). infection was confirmed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. in addition, primers msp1anf2 and msp1anr2 amplified products from dna extracted from infected ide8 cells. comparisons with partial sequences of the msp1α gene and the complete genome of a. marginale confirmed that the sequences of amplified fragments were from the a. marginale genome. t ...	2009	24031379
[combined abdominal injuries].		2009	2811122
control of cell number in the developing visual system. i. effects of monocular enucleation.	monocular enucleation of hamsters on the day of birth caused an increase in cellular degeneration and a corresponding loss of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus contralateral to the enucleation over the first 12 postnatal days. the superficial layers of the contralateral superior colliculus showed a similar increase in cell degeneration, except rostrally where the remaining ipsilateral projection is found. no changes in degeneration were found in either the ipsi- or contralateral ven ...	2009	3730886
compression arthrodesis of the ankle by triangular external fixation: an improved technique.	in this preliminary report, the authors present a new application of an external tubular fixation system for compression arthrodesis of the ankle. a triangular ankle fusion frame was designed that provides rigid immobilization of the tibiotalar joint, with midfoot control provided by a metatarsal pin. over the past 3 years, the authors have used this device to achieve solid tibiotalar arthrodesis in 12 of 14 patients. the surgical method, including step-by-step construction and application of th ...	2009	2798241
compression arthrodesis of the ankle by triangular external fixation: an improved technique.	in this preliminary report, the authors present a new application of an external tubular fixation system for compression arthrodesis of the ankle. a triangular ankle fusion frame was designed that provides rigid immobilization of the tibiotalar joint, with midfoot control provided by a metatarsal pin. over the past 3 years, the authors have used this device to achieve solid tibiotalar arthrodesis in 12 of 14 patients. the surgical method, including step-by-step construction and application of th ...	2009	2798241
a comparison of coronary risk factors in groups of trained and untrained adolescents.	fifty-five experimental (29 male, 25 female) and 38 control (20 male, 18 female) adolescent subjects participated in this study to investigate the differences in coronary heart disease (chd) risk factors in groups of trained and untrained adolescents. as expected the trained group (both sexes) had higher maximal aerobic power (vo2max) and lower systolic blood pressure at rest. the level of total cholesterol was the same in both groups, but the levels of high-density lipoprotein and its lipoprote ...	2009	2786466
transvestites' women revisited: a nonpatient sample.	data obtained from seven female partners of nonpatient transvestites are presented. none were receiving psychiatric treatment. the group was self-assembled and affiliated with a cross-dressing social organization. the sample was divided into acceptors and rejectors based on the degree of acceptance of their mate's cross-dressing activities. mean relationship duration was 9.9 years. none were traumatized by accidental discovery of their mate's transvestism. childhood loss of parent(s), substance ...	2009	2712686
gastric emptying abnormalities.		2009	3769711
a stereophotogrammetric method for measurements of ligament structure.	a stereophotogrammetric method is presented to reconstruct the course of a curve in the three-dimensional space. this method is exclusively suitable as a non-destructive tool to determine the surface fiberstructure of ligaments, tendons and other organised collagenous structures. in addition, it is a convenient tool to measure the geometry of articular surfaces and other complicated surface shapes.	2009	2708397
rna editing at a splicing site of nadh dehydrogenase subunit iv gene transcript in wheat mitochondria.	comparison between the sequence of the gene coding for the wheat mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit iv (nad4) and the cdna sequence obtained by reverse transcription, using total wheat mtrna as template, has shown the presence of a uridine residue, not encoded by the genomic sequence, at the exon2-exon3 junction of the spliced transcript. this u creates a non-encoded cug leucine codon which is essential for maintaining the reading frame, as shown by the conservation of the amino acid seque ...	2009	2687023
major abdominal complications following cardiac transplantation. utah transplantation affiliated hospitals cardiac transplant program.	serious complications involving the alimentary tract are commonly reported following cardiac transplantation, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the aim of this report was to review the incidence, severity, and outcome of abdominal complications in our heart transplant population in whom we used corticosteroid-sparing protocols for immunosuppression. from march 1985 through september 1988, 178 patients underwent 185 cardiac transplants. twenty-six cardiac transplant ...	2009	2667501
[general problems of selection and interpretation of diagnostic methods].	the author draws attention to general principles which must be respected in the selection and interpretation of diagnostic methods. he discusses the importance of basic characteristics of the diagnostic test (reliability, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value) and their application in the examination process. he explains the importance of roc analysis in the selection of the optimal diagnostic method. he refers to the criteria which must be taken into account when introducing and ...	2009	2663170
[written information on prescribed drugs provided by pharmacies].		2009	2815030
[written information on prescribed drugs provided by pharmacies].		2009	2815030
[current status of hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors].	the current status of hyperthermia for deep-seated tumor is reviewed. heating methods include external heating, intraluminal heating and interstitial heating, all of which have inherent advantages and disadvantages. hyperthermia alone has significant effects on deep-seated tumors. the combination of hyperthermia and radiotherapy has been widely applied, resulting in 10-15% complete regression and 10-40% partial regression in the treatment of locally advanced tumors. the response rate of thermora ...	2009	2649000
[treatment of ununited fractures and pseudarthrosis of the distal end of the femur complicated by extension contracture of the knee joint].		2009	2811131
[europe 1992: big brother is watching you].		2009	2812101
[europe 1992: big brother is watching you].		2009	2812101
the conditions of collective suicide and the threat of nuclear war.		2009	3768588
a simple device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations.	a simple and inexpensive device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations is described. this device is interposed in the suction tubing on the sterile surgical field. this has the advantage of allowing the surgeon to alter the suction force quickly and easily, according to his or her preference. the total cost is minimal, and the device may be assembled with supplies currently available in most operating rooms.	2009	2797406
a simple device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations.	a simple and inexpensive device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations is described. this device is interposed in the suction tubing on the sterile surgical field. this has the advantage of allowing the surgeon to alter the suction force quickly and easily, according to his or her preference. the total cost is minimal, and the device may be assembled with supplies currently available in most operating rooms.	2009	2797406
cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic responses to upper body exercise.	many studies have suggested that arm exercise, particularly in the supine position or with arms elevated, is more stressful than leg exercise. arm exercise at a given workload is typified by cardiac output and oxygen consumption values slightly higher and heart rate, blood pressure, ventilatory and blood lactic acid responses that are significantly higher than those observed during leg exercise. part of the increased physiological stress during arm exercise may be due to sluggish kinetics of oxi ...	2009	2691823
[influence of the premature rupture of the membranes on the further course of the delivery].		2009	4465226
serum beta 2 microglobulin in ankylosing spondylitis.		2009	2681760
amino acid sequences and disulfide bridges of serine proteinase inhibitors from bitter gourd (momordica charantia linn.) seeds.	three serine proteinase inhibitors, mcti-i, mcti-ii, and mcei-i, were isolated from bitter gourd (momordica charantia linn.) seeds. mcti-i and mcti-ii were inhibitors for trypsin and mcei-i was an elastase inhibitor. their amino acid sequences and the positions of disulfide bridges of mcti-ii were determined to be as follows. (sequence; see text)	2009	2738047
first assisting in cataract surgery: program results.	1. this program was established to teach non-physicians to first assist in cataract surgery, since third party payors would no longer pay for physicians to first assist. 2. among the advantages to utilizing non-physician first assistants are: availability, reliability, familiarity with instruments and equipment, and quality of service. 3. the questionnaire results confirm that the advantages of having non-physician first assistants far outweigh the disadvantages.	2008	2566208
[thoracic nodular lesions].		2008	2518936
[status of intersex. psychological aspects].		2008	4425564
[effectiveness of measures for cleaning up the atmosphere in the area of the kazan organic synthesis plant].		2008	4278589
risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas in childhood: a case-control study.	a hospital-based case-control study on soft tissue sarcomas (sts) was conducted in 1983-84 in torino and in padova (italy). cases (36 children with rhabdomyosarcoma (rms) and 16 non rms-sts) were compared to 326 controls. histories of parental smoking habits and occupations, parental and children's exposure to ionizing radiation, children's diseases and some other variables were collected through interviews to the relatives attending the child in the hospital. a non statistically significant ass ...	2008	2815346
[treatment of fractures of the distal quarter of the leg using ilizarov's method: preliminary results].	the authors report their experience about the treatment of the fractures of the distal end of the leg, by means of the method of ilizarov. the type of apparatus used and the technique of assembling are presented. the authors point out the validity and advantage of this method, especially when compared to a.o. osteosynthesis.	2008	2612265
[treatment of fractures of the distal quarter of the leg using ilizarov's method: preliminary results].	the authors report their experience about the treatment of the fractures of the distal end of the leg, by means of the method of ilizarov. the type of apparatus used and the technique of assembling are presented. the authors point out the validity and advantage of this method, especially when compared to a.o. osteosynthesis.	2008	2612265
[carcinoid of the papilla of vater-somatostatinoma--a case report].	a 46-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of liver dysfunction. she had been suffering from right hypochondralgia for two months. on admission, laboratory data indicated extrahepatic cholestasis. both x-ray and endoscopic examinations confirm a submucosal tumor of the papilla of vater, and surgical diagnosis was performed. histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as carcinoid, and a further immunohistochemical study by the pap method using antisomatostatin serum indicated somatosta ...	2008	2874242
institutional review boards.		2008	2500193
[lactic acidosis in diabetic patients associated with buformin].		2008	2519422
serotonin in fore-gut carcinoids. a survey of 60 cases with regard to silver stains, formalin-induced fluorescence and serotonin immunocytochemistry.	a series of 60 fore-gut carcinoid tumours was examined with regard to serotonin content after application of three different techniques, namely: the argentaffin reaction, formalin-induced fluorescence according to falck-hillarp and immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to serotonin. to evaluate the staining-fluorescence of individual tumour cells, the methods were applied to identical tumour sections. twelve tumours demonstrated serotonin-immunoreactive cells, six of which were also arg ...	2008	2580071
occupational medicine. organizational behavior.	work flow and the administrative processes by which it is controlled are fundamental in shaping the realities of the organization as a system of relationships. organization is technology in the broadest sense: processes, procedures, policies, controls, formal authority structures, and techniques. among groups or organizations, it is unusual for changes in sentiment to precede action or organizational rearrangements. technology and structure must be changed first. this chapter has outlined organi ...	2008	2644717
[the respiratory tract and air pollution].		2008	3053144
transient palsy of hip abductors after a fall on the buttocks.	a fall on the buttocks caused monolateral transient palsy of the hip abductors in two patients. palsy could be ascribed to acute entrapment of the superior gluteal nerve between the piriformis muscle and the incisura ischiadica major.	2008	2346715
simple method for stapled low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis.	a technique of stapled low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis is described, which follows eversion through the anus and stapled closure of the anorectal or anal remnant. the procedure is rapid and safe, and allows a secure distal clearance under direct visual control when dealing with tumors of the lower third of the rectum.	2008	2323288
[drug-induced cardiovascular complications].	many drugs, including those prescribed in cardiology, can induce adverse cardiovascular side effects. most of the anti-arrhythmia drugs have a negative inotropic action and proarrhythmic effects. estroprogestative contraceptive drugs favor thromboembolitic events and increase the incidence of hypertension. due to the risk of coronary insufficiency, substitutive hormonotherapy in hypothyroidism must be introduced gradually. tricyclic anti-depressive drugs and neuroleptics can induce orthostatic h ...	2008	2610453
the pattern of tuberculosis in addis ababa, ethiopia.	two hundred and forty available charts of medical patients treated for tuberculosis at tikur anbessa hospital in addis ababa, ethiopia over 2 years (9/83-9/85 were studied. tb was diagnosed in 11.2% of medical admissions. the average age of tb patients was 30.5; 58% were males; 53% were classed as poor. tb patients were poorer than other medical patients and averaged 38.9 days in hospital, non-tb patients averaged 31.9 days. pulmonary disease was most common (47% of total), followed by spondylit ...	2008	2612412
the pattern of tuberculosis in addis ababa, ethiopia.	two hundred and forty available charts of medical patients treated for tuberculosis at tikur anbessa hospital in addis ababa, ethiopia over 2 years (9/83-9/85 were studied. tb was diagnosed in 11.2% of medical admissions. the average age of tb patients was 30.5; 58% were males; 53% were classed as poor. tb patients were poorer than other medical patients and averaged 38.9 days in hospital, non-tb patients averaged 31.9 days. pulmonary disease was most common (47% of total), followed by spondylit ...	2008	2612412
[anti-p2 protein antibodies in patients with polyradiculoneuropathy].		2008	2446811
self-screening of blood pressure and sodium in a 24-hour urine sample as part of a school health programme.	a study was conducted to determine the usefulness of self-screening of blood pressure in families as part of a school health care programme, and to study the relationship between bp and sodium excretion in school children. in 750 families with 10-13 year old children, the mothers were instructed to take bp measurements on themselves, their child and the father whilst at home. a comparison of the children's bp measurements at home and at school with those of the parents showed the home measuremen ...	2008	2258868
[effects of the oxitetracycline in the increase of the packed cell volume of cows milk jugs during outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis].	this research was performed to study the effects of oxytetracicline l.a., in unique dose, in the reconstitution of the packed cell volume (pcv) from animals clinically affected by anaplasmosis. were utilized 152 holstein frisian cows, of first lactation with age group varying between three and four years old. the animals were classified according to the presence of anaplasma marginale in the circulation and percentage of pcv as: chronic infection (pcve24%) and clinical (pcv<23%) constituting gro ...	2008	20059824
evaluation of sequential coinfection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale in cattle.	to determine whether sequelae of infection differed among single versus double infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum or anaplasma marginale, with and without tick salivary extract, in cattle.	2008	18764690
duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale.	anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale are rickettsial pathogens responsible for acute disease and mild infections, respectively, in cattle herds. a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with probes labeled with different fluorophores was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of a. marginale and a. centrale dna in bovine blood samples. the assay was able to detect as few as 10(1) and 10(2) dna copies for a. marginale and a. centrale, respectively, with opti ...	2008	18776093
[immune-humoral response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) against anaplasma marginale (theiler, 1910)].	the aim of the present study was to analyze the humoral-immune response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) naturally infected against anaplasma marginale. for this work, colostrums/milk and blood samples were sequentially collected from buffalo cows prior and after partum for a period of 335 days and from buffalo calves from birth to 365 days after. the antibodies in the colostrums/milk and serum samples of these animals were determined using an elisa indirect method and the data were analyzed a ...	2008	18823574
frequency of antibodies to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of the state of pará, brazil.	babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. the objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the frequency of seropositive cattle to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of pará, brazil. sera samples from 246 femal ...	2008	18823579
[detection of antibodies against anaplasma sp. in small ruminants from the semi-arid region against pernambuco state, brazil].	this paper reports the detection of antibodies against anaplasma sp. in goats and sheep from the semi-arid region from pernambuco state, brazil, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant msp5 of anaplasma marginale. sera from 243 goats and 68 sheep from ibimirim municipality were analyzed and frequencies of antibodies of 11.93% (29/243) and 16.17% (11/68) were found for goats and sheep, respectively. the epidemiological relevance of the findings was discussed.	2008	18823582
outer membrane protein sequence variation in lambs experimentally infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum.	anaplasma phagocytophilum has long been known to cause tick-borne fever in ruminants and has been identified more recently as the causative agent of the emerging disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the related organism anaplasma marginale uses gene conversion of the expression site for two major outer membrane proteins (omps) to generate extensive sequence and antigenic variation in these omps. this is thought to present a continuously varying repertoire of epitopes to the mammalian host an ...	2008	17967854
unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms imposed by anaplasma.		2008	17449299
detection of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife and domestic species in wildlife-livestock interface areas of kenya by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the seroprevalence of anaplasma antibodies in wildlife (eland, blue wildebeest, kongoni, impala, thomson's gazelle, grant's gazelle, giraffe and plains zebra) and domestic animal (cattle, sheep and goat) populations was studied in wildlife/livestock interface areas of kenya. serum samples were analyzed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ci-elisa), using a recombinant antigen (msp-5) from anaplasma marginale surface membrane. a monoclonal antibody, fc-16, was used as the ...	2008	19040134
prevalence and genotypes of anaplasma species and habitat suitability for ticks in a mediterranean ecosystem.	anaplasma species are tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. sicily is one of the locations where these pathogens are endemic. sicily represents a typical mediterranean ecosystem to study anaplasma infection and tick habitat suitability. the aims of this study were (i) to characterize by 16s rrna and species-specific msp4 gene pcr the prevalence and genotypes of a. marginale, a. phagocytophilum, and a. ovis in the most abundant host species in sicilian provinces and ...	2008	18978093
rapid deletion of antigen-specific cd4+ t cells following infection represents a strategy of immune evasion and persistence for anaplasma marginale.	acquired t cell immunity is central for protection against infection. however, the immunological consequences of exposing memory t cells to high ag loads during acute and persistent infection with systemic pathogens are poorly understood. we investigated this by using infection with anaplasma marginale, a ruminant pathogen that replicates to levels of 10(9) bacteria per ml of blood during acute infection and maintains mean bacteremia levels of 10(6) per ml during long-term persistent infection. ...	2008	19017965
genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains from an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in an endemic area.	anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains. a. marginale genotypes are highly variable in endemic areas worldwide. the genetic composition of a. marginale strains during anaplasmosis outbreaks has been characterized in one study only which reported a sing ...	2008	18842342
distribution and application of elisa for the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in central equatoria state, sudan.	this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale antibodies among naturally infected cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three locations (khor rumla, nyaing and gumbo) were selected and surveyed every 3 months during the period from january to december 2005. six cattle herds in the three locations were visited four times during the study peri ...	2008	18666971
differential expression of the tick protective antigen subolesin in anaplasma marginale- and a. phagocytophilum-infected host cells.	subolesin was recently shown in vaccine and rna interference (rnai) studies to protect against tick infestations and to affect tick feeding, reproduction, and development as well as infection of host cells by anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. recent experiments provided evidence that infection of both tick and vertebrate host cells with these two pathogens modified gene expression. we therefore hypothesized that infection of host cells with a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum affects e ...	2008	19120168
characterization of anaplasma infections in sicily, italy.	this study aimed to characterize infection with anaplasma marginale, a. phagocytophilum, a. ovis, and a. platys in humans, animals, and ticks in sicily, italy, during 2003-2006. serologic (competitive elisa [celisa]) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody [ifa]; n= 1990) and dna (polymerase chain reaction [pcr]; n= 2788) tests were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, dog, cat, roe deer, wild boar, human, and tick samples. the results reported herein suggested that in sicily c ...	2008	19120181
anaplasma marginale yucatan (mexico) strain. assessment of low virulence and potential use as a live vaccine.	anaplasma marginale yucatan strain was found to have low virulence in cattle. we studied the virulence of this isolate by experimental inoculation of 113 susceptible cattle at increasing doses, after which only one animal required treatment for clinical disease. subsequently, 104 cattle received a live vaccine of this strain by inoculation, which induced immunoprotection after heterologous challenged exposure with a different a. marginale isolate. in this study 14% of the immunized cattle requir ...	2008	19120183
first report of bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma centrale in europe.	anaplasma centrale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is used as a live vaccine for cattle against the pathogenic anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical areas. herein we report a clinical case of bovine anaplasmosis associated with a. centrale infection in italy, together with the first molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of this anaplasma species or subspecies in europe.	2008	19120185
flow cytometry to evaluate anaplasma marginale parasitemia using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain.	in this work we describe a flow cytometry-based method using syto16 (a dna intercalating agent) to quantify anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes in blood from bovine animals. the linearity and reproducibility of the results obtained with syto16 labeling followed by flow cytometry analysis make it a suitable approach for measurement of parasitemia in a. marginale infections.	2008	19120186
characterization of 'candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris' (family anaplasmataceae) from raccoons (procyon lotor).	recently, a novel ehrlichial organism was isolated from a raccoon (procyon lotor) and the isolate (rac413) was infectious to two naïve raccoons but not laboratory mice, rats or rabbits. in this study, amplification and sequencing of four gene targets (16s rrna gene, groesl, glta and rpob) confirmed that the novel ehrlichial organism was a member of the family anaplasmataceae and was most closely related to, but distinct from, 'candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis' tk4456(r) and is58. rac413 shared ...	2008	19060060
development of a lateral flow assay for rapid detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale.	a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale was developed. the assay used a recombinant peptide of major surface protein 5 as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for bovine igg(1) conjugated with colloidal gold beads for detection. serum and anticoagulated blood samples were obtained from cattle in an area where anaplasmosis was endemic. the samples were selected based on positive identification of the organism in blood smears. the unclotted bloo ...	2008	18080877
physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity.	the outer membrane proteins (omps) of bacterial pathogens are essential for their growth and survival and especially for attachment and invasion of host cells. since the outer membrane is the interface between the bacterium and the host cell, outer membranes and individual omps are targeted for development of vaccines against many bacterial diseases. whole outer membrane fractions often protect against disease, and this protection cannot be fully reproduced by using individual omps. exactly how ...	2008	18086812
sequential analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 transcription in murine and equine models of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.	anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis by inducing immunopathologic responses. its immunodominant msp2 protein is encoded by a family of >100 paralogs. msp2 (msp2) expression modulates in the absence of immune pressure, and prolonged in vitro passage modulates in vivo virulence. because programmed msp2 expression occurs in anaplasma marginale, we hypothesized a similar event in a. phagocytophilum in vivo, with specific msp2 expression triggering immunopathologic injury ...	2008	18094110
high-throughput identification of t-lymphocyte antigens from anaplasma marginale expressed using in vitro transcription and translation.	the ability to rapidly screen a complex pathogen proteome for proteins that elicit recall t-lymphocyte responses from immune individuals would accelerate vaccine development. an outer membrane fraction of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity against infection and disease in cattle. we have used this immunization model to evaluate high-throughput screening of proteins expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (ivtt) for recognition by memory cd4(+) t- ...	2008	18243240
superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens.	a new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. this model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which genetic drift creates antigenically distinct strains that can spread through host populations despite the presence of immunity against previous strains. whether this selection model for new strains applies to complex pathogens responsible for endemic persistent infections, such as anaplasmosis, relapsing ...	2008	18252822
selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota.	to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ...	2008	18263838
validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates.	a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ...	2008	18272296
comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) by dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine (diptera: muscidae).	mechanical transmission ofanaplasma marginale by horse flies (tabanidae) is thought to be epidemiologically significant in some areas of the united states. we compared the relative efficiencies of mechanical transmission of anaplasma marginale by the horse fly, tabanus fuscicostatus hine, during acute infection (approximately 10(7) to approximately 10(9) infected erythrocytes [ie]/ml blood) with biological transmission by dermacentor andersoni stiles in the persistent phase of infection (approxi ...	2008	18283950
composition of the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunization.	surface proteins of tick-borne, intracellular bacterial pathogens mediate functions essential for invasion and colonization. consequently, the surface proteome of these organisms is specifically relevant from two biological perspectives, induction of protective immunity in the mammalian host and understanding the transition from the mammalian host to the tick vector. in this study, the surface proteome of anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen, was targeted by using surface-s ...	2008	18316389
parasitic infections in dairy cattle around hanoi, northern vietnam.	in northern vietnam, dairy cattle are mainly managed in small-scale farms, where animals are kept confined and feeding occurs by cut and carry methods. in the present study the occurrence of parasitic infections was examined in five provinces around hanoi. a total of 201 farms were visited, and 334 stool and 239 blood samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months, animals between 3 and 24 months and adult cows. furthermore, 254 milk samples were collected from lactating animals. copro ...	2008	18328629
concomitant infection of cattle with the vaccine strain anaplasma marginale ss centrale and field strains of a. marginale.	bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, the intraerythrocytic rickettsia, is controlled by vaccination with live anaplasma marginale ss centrale (a. centrale), a subspecies of relatively low pathogenicity. we have experimentally demonstrated that an animal primarily infected with a. marginale, or with the related vaccine subspecies a. centrale can be infected with the heterologous subspecies, and carries both bacteria. the co-infection was detected in experimentally cross-infected ca ...	2008	18387757