Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| global burden of shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. | few studies provide data on the global morbidity and mortality caused by infection with shigella spp.; such estimates are needed, however, to plan strategies of prevention and treatment. here we report the results of a review of the literature published between 1966 and 1997 on shigella infection. the data obtained permit calculation of the number of cases of shigella infection and the associated mortality occurring worldwide each year, by age, and (as a proxy for disease severity) by clinical c ... | 1999 | 10516787 |
| shigella boydii as cause of malacoplakia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | 1999 | 10585840 | |
| identification of shigella boydii in colonic malacoplakia by universal bacterial 16s ribosomal dna-based amplification in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | 1999 | 10028087 | |
| the aerobactin iron transport system genes in shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island. | genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. the island, designated shi-2 for shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selc, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. dna sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobac ... | 1999 | 10411724 |
| [evaluation of blood-liquor barrier by protein gradients in congenital hydrocephalus in infancy]. | 1999 | 88669 | |
| the use of behavioral checklists to assess physical examination skills. | 1999 | 17754 | |
| platelet function and occlusive vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. | 1998 | 106136 | |
| hide and seek. | 1998 | 106828 | |
| [the drug scare and its prevention]. | 1998 | 107405 | |
| severe shigellosis in childhood. | a prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe shigellosis admitted to the department of pediatrics, chulalongkorn hospital during march 1989 to march 1990. fourteen patients were male and six were female. shigella b was found in 85% and shigella d in 15% of cases. the major indications for admission were convulsions and dehydration. fifteen per cent of cases had underlying malignancies and 42.1% had malnutrition. most patients had a peak of fever betw ... | 1998 | 10437956 |
| [antibacterial activity of lactobacilli]. | the antagonistic action of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women from infection by other microorganisms. in the present study the authors investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, incl. 11 of vaginal origin. the objective was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible for inhibition. the investigated lactobacilli inhibited some strains of escherichia coli, serratia marcesce ... | 1998 | 9611889 |
| the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u is dispensable for colicin u activity but is important for interaction with the immunity protein. | the hydrophobic c terminus of pore-forming colicins associates with and inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane and is the target of the respective immunity protein. the hydrophobic region of colicin u of shigella boydii was mutated to identify determinants responsible for recognition of colicin u by the colicin u immunity protein. deletion of the tip of the hydrophobic hairpin of colicin u resulted in a fully active colicin that was no longer inactivated by the colicin u immunity protein. replace ... | 1998 | 9696757 |
| inhibition of bacterial pathogens by lactobacilli. | lactobacilli produce many antimicrobial substances including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. antagonistic activity of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women against infection by certain pathogens. in the present study, we investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, including 11 strains of vaginal origin. the aim was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible ... | 1998 | 9861683 |
| shigella and the fluorinated quinolones. | between july 1996 to june 1997 a total of 531 stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to kasturba medical college hospital, manipal were investigated. shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). out of them, shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). five strains of shigella flexneri and one strain of shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to nalidixic acid and the ne ... | 1998 | 9866907 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| binding of shigella to rat and human intestinal mucin. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella is an early step in their pathogenesis. adherence is generally presumed to be a prerequisite for invasion. this study examined the possibility of intestinal mucins serving as initial binding sites for clinical isolates of s. boydii and s. sonnei. the interactions of shigella with rat and human small intestinal and colonic mucin were investigated. in solid phase binding assays, [35s] labelled shigella did not show any preferential binding to rat/human smal ... | 1998 | 9546608 |
| using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe. | dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ... | 1997 | 9557445 |
| cloning, purification, and characterization of the shigella boydii dgtp triphosphohydrolase. | the nucleotide sequence of the shigella boydii dgt gene, which encodes the enzyme deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dgtpase, ec 3.1.5.1), has been determined. the 1515-nucleotide shigella dgt open reading frame has been subcloned into a t7 rna polymerase-based expression vector. the resulting expressed protein has been purified to homogeneity using a novel single-day chromatographic regime. the protocol includes ion exchange, affinity, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. t ... | 1997 | 8995266 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis among children exposed to cases of shigella dysentery: a multivariate assessment. | we followed 1,756 young, rural bangladeshi children less than five years of age for one month after identification of sentinel shigella patients in their neighborhoods. two hundred nineteen (12%) children developed shigella diarrhea (shigellosis) and 227 (13%) developed culture-negative dysentery. shigella flexneri (60%) and s. dysenteriae, type 1 (15%) were the most common isolates among shigellosis cases. within individual neighborhoods, there was poor agreement (kappa = 0.21) between shigella ... | 1997 | 9129527 |
| characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation. | this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ... | 1997 | 9169792 |
| cloning and characterization of the region iii flagellar operons of the four shigella subgroups: genetic defects that cause loss of flagella of shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. | to detect genetic defects that might have caused loss of flagella in shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, the region iii flagellar (fli) operons were cloned from certain strains and analyzed with reference to the restriction maps and genetic maps of escherichia coli fli operons. s. boydii nctc9733 (strain c5 in this paper) had the 988-bp internal deletion in the flif gene that encodes a large substructural protein of the basal body. two strains (c1 and c8) had deletions of the entire flif operon ... | 1997 | 9226258 |
| [water-borne disease outbreaks and investigation of epidemics]. | 1997 | 9235061 | |
| colicin u, a novel colicin produced by shigella boydii. | a novel colicin, designated colicin u, was found in two shigella boydii strains of serovars 1 and 8. colicin u was active against bacterial strains of the genera escherichia and shigella. plasmid pcolu (7.3 kb) of the colicinogenic strain s. boydii m592 (serovar 8) was sequenced, and three colicin genes were identified. the colicin u activity gene, cua, encodes a protein of 619 amino acids (mr, 66,289); the immunity gene, cui, encodes a protein of 174 amino acids (mr, 20,688); and the lytic prot ... | 1997 | 9244283 |
| the molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole- resistance of shigella flexneri in the trakya region of turkey. | trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (sxt) resistance increased among shigella flexneri isolates in 1995 relative to previous years, in the trakya region, the european part of turkey. since this region is the entrance to turkey from northern countries, a heavy traffic of travellers passing through should have been importing or exporting the resistant isolates. we studied the genetic basis and epidemiology of this resistance and monitored the clonal changes which have taken place in the meanwhile. duri ... | 1997 | 9258942 |
| antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance. | the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ... | 1997 | 9327243 |
| [studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995]. | a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ... | 1997 | 9391324 |
| microbiological screening of indian medicinal plants with special reference to enteropathogens. | the world health organisation (who) has recommended that all member states actively promote native medicines in their country. ten indian medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity specific to enteropathogens. diffusion and dilution methods were used to measure the antibacterial activity. allium sativum, camellia sinensis, and chamaesyce hirta showed higher activity when compared to the rest. they had a minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of < 100 micrograms/ml and gave inhib ... | 1997 | 9395690 |
| a succinylanthranilic acid ester and other bioactive constituents of jolyna laminarioides. | methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl] benzoate, fucosterol, trans-phytol and p-formylphenol were isolated for the first time from a methanolic extract of jolyna laminarioides. methyl 2-[propanamide-2'-methoxycarbonyl]-benzoate exhibited chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and also found to be active against escherichia coli and shigella boydii. fucosterol exhibited antifungal activity against curvularia lunata, stachybotrys atra and microsporum canis. | 1997 | 9423291 |
| plasmid profiles of drug resistant shigella boydii types 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14 from ethiopia (1974-85). | plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was performed on 42 drug resistant strains of shigella boydii serotypes 1-5, 8, 10, 12-14, collected between 1974 and 1985 from endemic cases of shigellosis in ethiopia, and their escherichia coli k12 transconjugants. resistance factors (r factors) were further characterized by incompatibility testing. patterns of small plasmids, less than 15 kb, were similar within each of the individual s. boydii serotypes. plasmids of about 3.3-3.7 kb we ... | 1997 | 9440431 |
| [the adaptation of therapeutic standards as a function of antibiotic sensitivity of strains of shigella spp. isolated in rwanda in 1997]. | 1997 | 9612786 | |
| a study on transferable r-plasmids among shigella species at lucknow. | a total of 500 shigella strains were included in the present study out of which 233 were isolated at national shigella centre of postgraduate department of microbiology, k.g. medical college, lucknow during last 5 years and 267 strains were received from different parts of the country. predominent serotypes were sheigella flexneri 292 (48.4%) followed by shigella dysenteriae 153 (30.6%), shigella boydii 32 (6.4%) and shigella sonnei 23 (4.6%). all the strains were sensitive to nalidix acid, gent ... | 1997 | 10085641 |
| the grooves of the distal articular surface of the femur-a normal variant. | 1997 | 179342 | |
| neonatal diagnosis of familial type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. | cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein concentration was measured in a radial immunodiffusion assay in 303 randomly selected, full-term infants whose parental phenotypes were unknown. six infants had elevated concentrations, that is above a cut-off limit of 197 mg/100 ml (97.5th percentile). three of these infants suffered from classic type ii hyperlipoproteinemia, and this diagnosis was confirmed by family studies at follow-up. the three other infants and their parents were shown to be normolipemi ... | 1997 | 175344 |
| detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups. | strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ... | 1996 | 8682772 |
| [outbreak of shigella boydii dysentery in the county of el bierzo]. | investigation of an outbreak of bacillar dysentery of possible transmission by water produced by shigella boydii. | 1996 | 8695684 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis due to shigella boydii. | 1996 | 8722953 | |
| shigellosis in children from north india: a clinicopathological study. | stool samples of 1488 children suffering from acute diarrhoea were studied for bacterial culture and sensitivity. shigella culture was positive in 143 (10 per cent) children and 53 hospitalized children could be studied in detail. thirty-six (68 per cent) children were under 2 years of age and peak prevalence was observed in summer months. fever and diarrhoea were universal features; 96 per cent had blood and mucus in the stools, but 32 per cent started with watery diarrhoea lasting 1-3 days fol ... | 1995 | 8531265 |
| development of a flow injection analysis (fia) immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli. | a flow injection immunoanalysis (fia) system has been developed for the detection of escherichia coli in artificially contaminated food samples. anti-e. coli antibodies were covalently immobilized onto porous aminopropyl glass beads via glutaraldehyde activation to form an immunoreactor. after adsorption of the cells onto anti-e. coli antibody bound glass beads, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide was injected into the system which was then hydrolyzed by the adsorbed e. coli cells containing ... | 1995 | 8579984 |
| septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal. | we describe septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, the newly described causative agent of cholera, in a child who also had simultaneous intestinal infection with shigella boydii. because v. cholerae 0139 is capsulated, its propensity to cause extraintestinal infection is stressed. | 1995 | 8582139 |
| [species and serovar-distribution, and drug-resistance of shigella strains isolated from imported and domestic cases from 1990 through 1994 in tokyo]. | a total of 446 shigella strains consisting of 336 imported and 110 domestic strains isolated in tokyo from 1990 to 1994 were examined for their species and serovar-distribution, and their drug-resistance. in both imported and domestic strains, s. sonnei was found to be the most prevalent species, followed by s. flexneri. in imported strains, however, the isolation frequency of s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were higher than that of domestic strains, and the serovar of each species was ... | 1995 | 8586884 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide: a repeated study. | an acidic, partially o-acetylated o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of shigella boydii type 5 lipopolysaccharide and studied by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, 13c-1h heteronuclear cosy, 1d noe, and 2d roesy experiments, and chemical methods (sugar and methylation analysis, o-deacetylation, carboxyl reduction, solvolysis with anhydrous hf, partial acid hydrolysis. smith degradation). it was concluded that the polysaccharide has a hexasaccharide repea ... | 1995 | 8593622 |
| expression of flagella and motility by shigella. | since the discovery of shigella as the aetiologic agent of acute dysentery almost 100 years ago, this organism has been described as a non-motile and nonflagellated organism that invades the human colonic mucosa. in this study, the production of flagella by prototypic strains of all four shigella species and, moreover, by fresh clinical isolates was demonstrated by electron microscopy. the flagellum of shigella (flash) is approximately 10 microns long and 12-14 nm in diameter and is typically se ... | 1995 | 8596461 |
| mucosal immune response in patients with dysentery. | 1995 | 7502926 | |
| evaluation of commercial antisera for shigella serogrouping. | shigella serogrouping antisera from six companies (becton dickinson, denka, difco, murex, roach, and sanofi-pasteur) intended for the slide agglutination test and those of the wellcolex colour shigella latex agglutination test were evaluated to identify quality products for shigella identification. forty-six reference shigella strains (one for each serotype and species), 50 clinical strains (21 s. flexneri, 21 s. sonnei, 4 s. dysenteriae, 4 s. boydii) representing the most prevalent species and ... | 1995 | 7559936 |
| fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 during human disease due to shigella dysenteriae. | fecal excretion of leukotriene c4 was determined in 26 individuals with dysentery and in 19 healthy controls. of the patients, five were infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1, 15 were infected with shigella flexneri, two were infected with shigella boydii, and four were infected with shigella sonnei. three of the healthy controls were infected with non-dysenteriae shigellae. all isolates of shigella dysenteriae type 1 produced shiga toxin; the other strains were not toxigenic. patients with ... | 1995 | 7714683 |
| structural studies of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide. | the structure of the shigella boydii type 5 o-antigen polysaccharide has been investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, and specific degradations. it is proposed that it is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure. the repeating unit also contains an o-acetyl group, linked to one of the primary positions. [formula: see text] | 1994 | 7834648 |
| [triple shigellosis in the same patient contracted during operation "turquoise" in rwanda]. | we report a case of shigellosis observed in a young french sanitary assistant, returning from a refugees camp in goma after a 5-week stay. three different species were isolated from stool samples: shigella flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei. this observation raises the matter of a chemical prophylaxis during a short stay in developing countries where sanitary conditions are poor. | 1994 | 7866040 |
| [shigella boydii strains having a provisional serovar isolated from travellers' diarrhea in tokyo]. | two shigella strains (85-634 and 94-30) isolated from two sporadic travellers with diarrhea who returning to tokyo from abroad, did not react to any antisera to shigella prepared commercially. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of s. boydii and were biochemically identical, and were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of serological analyses using the antisera to 6 kinds of prov ... | 1994 | 7930789 |
| asymptomatic shigella infections in a cohort of mexican children younger than two years of age. | the proportion of shigella infections that occur asymptomatically in young children has not been established. a community-based cohort study of 367 infants was followed prospectively by weekly home visits from january, 1990, through december, 1991. stool samples were collected weekly and when diarrhea occurred and were tested for shigella and other enteropathogens. there were 2925 child months of observation and 65 episodes of shigella infection. there were 3.1 episodes/100 child months during t ... | 1994 | 7970946 |
| polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with shigella in a patient with aids. | shigella gastroenteritis is uncommon among hiv seropositive patients and may be complicated in some patients by bacteremia; s. flexneri being the most frequently detected serogroup. while recurrent salmonella bacteremia is common among hiv-seropositive patients, recurrent shigella bacteremia is not. we report here an hiv-seropositive patient with shigella gastroenteritis, polymicrobial bacteremia due to s. flexneri and s. boydii, and recurrent gastroenteritis and bacteremia with s. boydii. relap ... | 1994 | 7984973 |
| shigellosis in neonates and young infants. | to determine the clinical features and outcome of shigellosis in young infants, we reviewed the hospital records of 159 infants < or = 3 months of age (including 30 neonates) and 159 children 1 to 10 years of age with shigellosis who were admitted to the diarrhoea treatment centre in dacca, bangladesh. infants more commonly had a history of nonbloody diarrhea (82.8% vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), moderate or severe dehydration (59.9% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001), or bacteremia (12.0% vs 5.0%; p = 0.027) and less ... | 1994 | 8021764 |
| epidemiology of shigella infections in two ethnic groups in a geographic region in southern israel. | the epidemiology of shigellosis in the jewish and bedouin populations that coexist in the same geographic region in southern israel and share the same medical facilities but live separately under different socioeconomic conditions was examined in a retrospective, culture-based study. the average annual attack rate for the four-year period 1989-1992 was 368/100,000 inhabitants. the average annual attack rate among the jews, who enjoy western socioeconomic conditions, was 413/100,000 and the disea ... | 1994 | 8070448 |
| salmonella typhimurium loci involved in survival within macrophages. | a set of tn10 mutants of salmonella typhimurium which have a diminished capacity to survive in murine macrophages and decreased virulence in mice has been described previously. in this study, we characterized 30 of these mutants and determined map locations of tn10 insertions for 23 of these strains. in addition, short fragments of transposon-flanking dna were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined for 23 mutants. seven mutants carried transposon insertions in known genes, representi ... | 1994 | 8168923 |
| a randomized, double-blind study comparing cefixime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of childhood shigellosis. | we compared the clinical and bacteriologic response of 5-day treatment with cefixime, 8 mg/kg per day, with the response to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), 10-50 mg/kg per day, the currently recommended therapy. of the assessable children with acute, culture-proven shigellosis, 38 received cefixime and 39 received tmp-smx. pretreatment data on the two study groups were similar. in the first group, all isolates were susceptible to cefixime; in the tmp-smx group, 32 isolates were resistan ... | 1993 | 8229498 |
| [immunochemical studies of o-specific polysaccharide from proteus penneri 14 lipopolysaccharide]. | o-specific polysaccharide was obtained on mild acid degradation of proteus penneri strain 14 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain equimolar of d-galactose, d-ribose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, n-(d-galacturonoyl)-l-alanine and 3-(nacety-l-alanyl)-amido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. on the basis of non-destructive nmr analysis it was concluded that repeat unit of the 0-specific polysaccharide of p. penneri 14 has the following structure: -2-beta-d- quip3nalaac-(1-->4)-alfa-d-galpaala-(1-->2)-beta ... | 1993 | 8231451 |
| recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel. | trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ... | 1993 | 8286636 |
| enteric protein loss during shigellosis. | to determine whether protein-losing enteropathy occurs during shigellosis, we measured concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sequential stool samples from 110 adults hospitalized with acute dysentery due to shigella infection. mean stool concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin on admission were 10.9 micrograms/mg dry weight of stool. stool alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower on the 3rd and 5th study days (4.1 and 2.2 micrograms/mg, respectively) than on admis ... | 1993 | 8420274 |
| [l-forms of the dysentery bacteria in models of shigella and non-shigella infections]. | 1993 | 8079561 | |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in a slum colony of delhi-1990. | 1993 | 8014439 | |
| plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria. | clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered. | 1993 | 7839920 |
| [bacteriology of shigella isolated in a tropical zone chu]. | from 1981 to 1991, five hundred eighty one shigella's strains were isolated in the laboratories of the chu fann of dakar. they represent 24.8 per cent of enteropathogen agents and 4.3 per cent of diarrhoeae causative agents. shigella flexneri was predominant (71%), following by shigella dysenteriae (14.5%), shigella sonnei (11.4%) and shigella boydii (2.5%). in pediatric hospital 90 per cent of strains were isolated between 1 and 5 years age; in adults, the pic was found from 20 to 30 years. fiv ... | 1992 | 1345084 |
| sexual transmission of htlv infections in southern india. | 1992 | 1346809 | |
| the vascular endothelial growth factor proteins: identification of biologically relevant regions by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | angiogenesis plays critical roles in organ development during embryonic and fetal life, wound healing and in a variety of pathological conditions. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a secreted growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells which induces angiogenesis in vivo. to gain a better understanding of the physiological role of vegf, we have generated and characterized four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) using the 165 amino acid species of recombinant human vegf as im ... | 1992 | 1380254 |
| concentration of milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella virulence plasmid-associated antigens as a predictor of symptom status in shigella-infected breast-fed infants. | we conducted a prospective, community-based study of healthy breast-fed mexican infants to determine the protective effects of anti-shigella secretory iga antibodies in milk. milk samples were collected monthly, and stool culture specimens were obtained weekly and at the time of episodes of diarrhea. nineteen breast-fed infants were found to have shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, or shigella sonnei in stool samples. ages of the 10 infants with symptomatic infection and the nine with asymptomat ... | 1992 | 1447644 |
| shigellosis in children: a prospective hospital based study. | from 1985 to 1988, fecal samples of 950 hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea or dysentery were screened for shigella species using standard methods. shigella species were isolated as sole pathogen from 192 (20.2%) cases and s. flexneri type 2 was the predominant serotype. shigella infection was prevalent throughout the year with high isolation rate during the summer and early monsoon months. shigella strains isolated during the period were resistant to most of the commonly used drugs fo ... | 1992 | 1452309 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the former ussr--an indicator of the activity of the main routes of infection transmission]. | the data on the etiological structure of shigella infections in the ussr in 1988-1989 are presented. the study showed the dominating role of s. flexneri with s. sonnei also retaining great importance in shigella infections. the process of the liquidation of s. dysenteriae and s. boydii infections began in some large cities. the domination of dysentery caused by s. flexneri and a high typhoid rate, particularly in central asia, were due to poor water supply of the population. the spread of dysent ... | 1992 | 1455964 |
| [the theoretical and practical interpretations of the basic manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis]. | 1992 | 1466177 | |
| [bacillary dysentery--1990]. | 1992 | 1475396 | |
| drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in taiwan. | one hundred and twenty-eight shigella strains isolated from newborn and infant human faecal specimens at kaohsiung medical college hospital in taiwan were serogrouped, serotyped and examined for drug-resistance patterns and for the presence of plasmids. forty-seven per cent of the isolates were found to belong to the shigella sonnei serogroup, 41% to the s. flexneri group, 9% to the s. boydii group and 3% to the s. dysenteriae group. the serotype with the greatest number of strains was s. sonnei ... | 1992 | 1547844 |
| bioactive polymers: in vitro and in vivo study of controlled release neomycin. | neomycin is coupled on xanthan-a polysaccharide of microbial biosynthesis produced by xanthomonas campestris-through ionic complexation. the kinetics of neomycin release, in vitro, at ph = 8.2 is studied. a controlled release of neomycin, following a zero order kinetics is observed, regardless of the eluent flow. neomycin complexed on xanthan, administered in a unique daily dose to patients suffering from dysentery in the 100 cases taken in study, has shown a high clinical efficiency as compared ... | 1992 | 1573555 |
| characterization of aeromonas caviae antigens which cross-react with shigella boydii 5. | live and boiled cells of 16 strains of aeromonas caviae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, agglutinated with shigella boydii 5 antiserum in a slide test. further studies with seven selected strains showed agglutination with boiled cells in a tube test. lipopolysaccharide antigen extracted from one of these strains cross-reacted with s. boydii 5 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies. either all or the majority of the seven strains possessed properties deemed to be diarrh ... | 1992 | 1583145 |
| identification and analysis of the gene encoding human pc2, a prohormone convertase expressed in neuroendocrine tissues. | in recent studies we have identified pc2 and pc3, members of a family of serine proteases that are related structurally to subtilisin, and have provided evidence that these are involved in the tissue-specific processing of prohormones and neuropeptides. pc2 is expressed at high levels in the islets of langerhans, where it participates in the processing of proinsulin to insulin (s.p.s. and d.f.s., unpublished data). to evaluate the regulated expression of the human pc2 (hpc2) gene we have analyze ... | 1992 | 1594602 |
| acamprosate modulates synaptosomal gaba transmission in chronically alcoholised rats. | male sprague-dawley rats were pulmonary alcoholised for 30 days. six were treated with acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during alcoholisation. the control nonalcoholised group also received acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during the 30 days. at the end of the experiment, brains areas (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs) were dissected for the study of synaptosomal 3h-gaba uptake. in another experiment, gaba levels were determined in the same areas using hplc with electro ... | 1992 | 1594633 |
| copulatory analgesia in male rats ensues from arousal, motor activity, and genital stimulation: blockage by manipulation and restraint. | the effect of copulation on the vocalization threshold to tail shock (vtts) was assessed in freely-moving, sexually experienced, wistar male rats. mean vtts during the first copulation was 40% above the baseline values and slightly decreased during the first postejaculatory interval (pei; 28% above baseline). vtts mean values further increased during the second copulatory series (93% above baseline and 63% during the pei). testing at the same intervals in noncopulating rats did not induce analge ... | 1992 | 1594675 |
| molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-resistant shigella boydii serotype 2 strains from bulgaria. | in 1990 an increased number of strains of shigella boydii serotype 2 were isolated from different regions of bulgaria. strains were reported as sporadic, although they showed identical phenotypic characteristics, including resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, ticarcillin, and trimethoprim. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of the strains and the mechanism of their antimicrobial resistance. plasmid fingerprinting show ... | 1992 | 1624559 |
| [multiple follicular cyst of familial character]. | 1992 | 265282 | |
| amputation: surgical technique and postoperative management. | the decision to amputate should be made with due consideration of the eventual rehabilitation of the patient. with this in mind, general principles of amputation surgery are outlined and specific levels of amputation are described. early post-amputation management has advanced over the last two decades to make rehabilitation goals the more readily reached. these advances are discussed. | 1991 | 269712 |
| [plasmatic ampc and gmpc changes in asthmatic patients induced by beta stimulation or blockade and methylcholine (author's transl)]. | 1991 | 208056 | |
| t-t cell collaboration in rejection of a syngeneic sv40-induced sarcoma in mice. | 1991 | 207992 | |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of shigella bacteria. structure of the polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from shigella boydii, type 11]. | on mild acid degradation of the shigella boydii, type 11 lipopolysaccharide, the corresponding o-specific polysaccharide composed of d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-ribose and l-rhamnose residues in the ratio 1:1:1:3 was obtained. methylation, partial acid hydrolysis and 13c-nmr spectral data for the polysaccharide led to the structure of the oligosaccharide repeating unit as a branched hexasaccharide: [formula: see text]. numerous o-acetyl groups attached non-stoichiometri ... | 1991 | 1712200 |
| relatedness of o-specific lipopolysaccharide side chain genes from strains of shigella boydii type 12 belonging to two clonal groups and from escherichia coli o7:k1. | the o-specific lipopolysaccharide side chains of escherichia coli o7 and shigella boydii type 12 possess similar but not identical chemical structures. we investigated the genetic relatedness between the o-specific side chain genes in members of these two species. examination of outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (lps) banding patterns demonstrated that five strains which had been identified as s. boydii type 12 fell into two clonal groups, sb1 and sb2. hybridizations with o7-specific ... | 1991 | 1718868 |
| possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in shigella spp. | a southern hybridization analysis revealed that the region homologous to escherichia coli lacz was present on the chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-positive shigella strains, such as shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 and shigella sonnei strains, whereas this region was absent from chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-negative strains of shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. we found that the lacy-a region was deficient in s. dysenteriae serovar 1 and believe that this is the reason for the ... | 1991 | 1746953 |
| contact-haemolysin production by entero-invasive escherichia coli and shigellae. | entero-invasive escherichia coli (eiec) and shigellae were tested for contact-haemolysin (ch) with red blood cells (rbcs) of guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, mouse, monkey, man, sheep and chicken; all bacteria showed the best lysis with guinea-pig rbcs. the best culture medium for ch activity of shigellae was tryptic soy broth, and for eiec it was casamino acid-yeast extract broth with 1 mm cacl2. ch production by all species was best at the slightly alkaline ph which is optimal for growth; it was also ... | 1991 | 1753390 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends of shigellae isolates from calabar, nigeria. | during a 3-year study (january 1986-december 1988), stools of 2200 diarrhoeal or dysenteric patients were examined by culturing and 108 (4.9%) were found positive for shigellae. shigella flexneri was the commonest species isolated (54.6%), followed by sh. dysenteriae (24.1%). patients aged less than or equal to 15 years accounted for 51.4% of cases. shigellae over the 3 years showed high and sometimes rising resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and cotrimoxazole and complete r ... | 1991 | 1758013 |
| plasmid-associated resistance to pivmecillinam in shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. | 1991 | 1761454 | |
| development of an in vitro microtest to assess drug susceptibility of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | continuous cultivation of the bovine hemoparasites babesia bovis and babesia bigemina was developed as an in vitro microtest to assess parasite susceptibility to babesicidal compounds. reproducibility of parasite multiplication rates was independent of culture size, making it possible to use a microscale of 100 microliters for each test sample. inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of a commonly used babesicide, quinuronium sulfate, evaluated by this in vitro method were found to be 5 x 10(-8) g/ml ... | 1991 | 1779305 |
| furosemide inhibits the centrally-mediated pressor response to clonidine in conscious, normotensive rats. | 1. the effect of furosemide on the pressor response induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of clonidine was investigated in freely moving, normotensive rats with chronically implanted arterial catheters. 2. when injected i.c.v., clonidine at doses of 5 and 10 micrograms produced a dose-dependent pressor response and a decrease in heart rate. no depressor response was induced by clonidine. 3. systemic (i.v.) pretreatment with furosemide (2-10 mg kg-1) increased urine volume and dos ... | 1991 | 1797326 |
| serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in singapore. | serogrouping of 506 shigella strains isolated in singapore from 1986 to 1990 showed that shigella flexneri (60.3%) was the most common, followed by s. sonnei (33.6%), s. boydii (3.2%) and s. dysenteriae (3%). of the 23 shigella serotypes identified, the predominant ones were s. flexneri types 2a and 1b, s. boydii types 1 and 5, and s. dysenteriae types 1 and 3. more than 80% of the shigella species were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, and the incidence of multiresistance was partic ... | 1991 | 1800565 |
| [the functional status of the endocrine pancreas in patients with acute intestinal infections]. | ria was used to measure the content of insulin, c-peptide and glucagon in blood plasma of 84 patients with acute dysentery and food toxicoinfections. the studies were carried out in the acute disease period and before the discharge from hospital. the data obtained indicate that despite the appreciable differences in the disease pathogenesis, the pathophysiological mechanisms influencing pancreatic function are similar in many respects. the changes are characterized by an increase in plasma insul ... | 1991 | 1810055 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infections: plasmid profiles, serotype correlation, and restriction endonuclease analysis. | plasmid isolation was used to refine the epidemiologic analysis for 168 shigellosis cases in pima county, ariz. plasmids of less than 20 kb were used for comparison of plasmid profiles. plasmid patterns for each species were distinct. a total of 57 of 74 (77%) shigella flexneri strains could be placed into seven plasmid patterns, 70 of 79 (89%) shigella sonnei strains could be placed into seven patterns, 12 shigella boydii strains could be placed into six patterns, and each of 3 shigella dysente ... | 1991 | 1847148 |
| absence of na+,k(+)-atpase regulation of endosomal acidification in k562 erythroleukemia cells. analysis via inhibition of transferrin recycling by low temperatures. | transferrin (tf) acidification has been shown to be limited to ph 6 in murine balb/c 3t3 fibroblasts, human a549 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and chinese hamster ovary cells and is followed by alkalinization during recycling. in contrast, tf acidification in the human erythroleukemic cell line k562 proceeds to below ph 5.5, and alkalinization of internal tf during recycling is not observed. to explore the regulation of endosomal ph in k562 cells, we determined whether the existence of an early en ... | 1991 | 1847374 |
| simultaneous infection with multiple serotypes of shigellae in a patient. | we isolated three different serotypes of shigella on admission from a patient with dysentery as well as a shigella-like organism and campylobacter jejuni upon follow-up. the patient produced serum antibodies to all three serotypes of shigellae. | 1991 | 1889185 |
| ["masked" autoantibodies from the serum of healthy blood donors cross-reacting with dna and bacterial lipopolysaccharides]. | the "masked" autoantibodies with polyspecific activity were found in the serum of healthy donors. it is shown that these antibodies are able to react with antigens after the ion exchange chromatography with qae-sephadex. it was found that these "masked" antibodies are able to cross-react with dna and lipopolysaccharides of wide-spread species of bacteria. the possible role of these antibodies as in protection of organism from the external antigens as in the origin of autoimmune diseases is discu ... | 1991 | 1908720 |
| [the effect of tetracycline and vitamin e on energy metabolism in cardiac mitochondria of old rabbits pretreated with isoproterenol]. | the possibility of eliminating adverse effects of tetracycline and isoproterenol pretreatment on energy generation of myocardial mitochondria by vitamin e administration was investigated in old rabbits. vitamin e administered in doses of 1.5 mg per kg body weight over 6 days was found to improve energy metabolism in old rabbits whose metabolism had been deranged by isoproterenol pretreatment in the dose of 1.5 mg per kg body weight. subsequent administration of vitamin e to rabbits pretreated wi ... | 1991 | 1913199 |
| reactive modifications of the autonomous time structure in the human organism. | the spectrum of biological rhythms exhibits characteristic principles of biological time structure which also rule the functional behaviour. with increasing period lengths the rhythms become increasingly complex. in the long-wave section the rhythmic functions find their corresponding cycles in the environment, whereas the shorter waves represent only endogenous autonomous rhythms, which maintain an internal time order by means of frequency- and phase-coordination. under resting conditions and i ... | 1991 | 1932773 |
| pathogenicity of foodborne salmonella. | salmonella remains a leading etiological agent in bacterial foodborne diseases. although human salmonellosis generally presents as a self-limiting episode of enterocolitis, the disease can degenerate into chronic and debilitating conditions. antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated salmonellosis is contra-indicated because it tends to prolong the carrier state. clinical management of systemic infections with newer drugs such as third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones is most promising, parti ... | 1991 | 2018704 |
| four decades of shigellosis in israel: epidemiology of a growing public health problem. | despite the improved standard of living in israel, shigellosis remains a common disease. examination of trends in the incidence of shigellosis in israel between 1951 and 1987 showed a period of declining rates followed by an increase in the reported incidence beginning around 1969. this increase was mainly due to shigella sonnei; rates of infection with shigella flexneri remained relatively constant. trends showed marked differences between age groups and between ethnic groups. in comparison, th ... | 1991 | 2041956 |
| a weak adaptive response to alkylation damage in salmonella typhimurium. | an efficient adaptive response to alkylation damage was observed in several enterobacterial species, including klebsiella aerogenes, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, escherichia alkalescens, escherichia hermanii, and escherichia fergusonii. increased o6-methylguanine-dna and methylphosphotriester-dna methyltransferase activities correlated with the induction of a 39-kda protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the escherichia coli ada protein. induced methyltransferase activit ... | 1991 | 2050626 |
| site-specific recombinase genes in three shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinb gene and an invertible b segment from shigella boydii. | inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the salmonella typhimurium h segment-hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, and escherichia coli e14 p-pin. in this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinb, pind, and defective pinf ... | 1991 | 2061288 |
| [directions of an ethic in genetic engineering: evaluation of an ethic for biotechnology]. | a fundamentalistic point of view is for the evaluation of genetic engineering inadequate. using ethics to evaluate the consequences is not valid for gene transfers across species as a morally relevant criterion but is rather the assessment of toxic, pathogenic, and ecological effects of transgenic organisms. a criterion for human genetics is not the inviolability of the human embryo, but social and human tolerance and the consent of the affected. | 1990 | 2074899 |