Publications

Hydrogen production from biodiesel byproduct by immobilized Enterobacter aerogenes.	The recent rapid growth of the biodiesel industry has generated a significant amount of glycerol as a byproduct. As a result, the price of glycerol is currently relatively low, making it an attractive starting material for the production of chemicals with higher values. Crude glycerol can be directly converted through microbial fermentation into various chemicals such as hydrogen. In this study, we optimized immobilization of a facultative hydrogen producing microorganism, Enterobacter aerogenes ...	2011	21915673
determining the disinfection of textiles in compressed carbon dioxide using various indicator microbes.	aims: this paper presents a research on the disinfection efficiency of inoculated textile swatches by compressed carbon dioxide, an environmental friendly way to disinfect textiles as opposed to the conventional laundering procedures using water. the disinfection efficiency was determined by using the following microbes inoculated on cotton test fabrics: enterococcus faecium, enterobacter aerogenes and candida albicans. methods and results: the experiments were performed using the high pressur ...	2011	22151328
blood infection with enterobacter aerogenes--an unusual cause of portal vein gas.	portal vein gas was once thought of as an invariably fatal condition. now, with the availability of better equipment and expertise, the condition is more frequently diagnosed. a case of fever with rigors is presented and on ultrasound and ct examination was found to have portal venous gas which resolved with adequate antibiotic treatment. blood culture revealed growth of gram negative bacillus; enterobacter aerogenes. patient was investigated further for portal vein gas, and although no other ca ...	2011	22368913
triterpenoid acids and lactones from the leaves of fadogia tetraquetra var. tetraquetra (rubiaceae).	four triterpenoids isolated from the leaves of fadogia tetraquetra var. tetraquetra, 3beta-hydroxy-11alpha, 12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide (1), 3beta-hydroxyurs-11-en-28,13beta-olide (2), oleanolic acid (3), and ursolic acid (4), were evaluated for their antiviral and antibacterial properties. compound 4 showed potent activity against the semliki forest virus with an ic50 of 14.7 microm, but was also found to be significantly cytotoxic (68% reduction in cell viability after 24 hours exposu ...	2011	22224262
Apoprotein isolation and activation, and vibrational structure of the Helicobacter mustelae iron urease.	The micro aerophilic pathogen Helicobacter mustelae synthesizes an oxygen-labile, iron-containing urease (UreA2B2) in addition to its standard nickel-containing enzyme (UreAB). An apoprotein form of the iron urease was prepared from ureA2B2-expressing recombinant Escherichia coli cells that were grown in minimal medium. Temperature-dependent circular dichroism measurements of holoprotein and apoprotein demonstrate an enhancement of thermal stability associated with the UreA2B2 metallocenter. In ...	2011	22196017
effect of crude glycerol-derived inhibitors on ethanol production by enterobacter aerogenes.	in this study, ethanol production from pure and crude glycerol using enterobacter aerogenes atcc 29007 was evaluated under anaerobic culture conditions. inhibitory effects of substrate concentrations, ph, and salt concentrations were investigated based on crude glycerol components. ethanol production was performed with pure glycerol concentrations ranging from 5 to 30 g/l to evaluate the effects of substrate concentration and osmotic pressure. the consumed glycerol was 5-14.33 g/l, and the yield ...	2011	21909938
changes in ciprofloxacin resistance levels in enterobacter aerogenes associated to variable expression of the aac(6')-ib-cr gene.	two closely-related enterobacter aerogenes isolates presented a new identical aac(6')-ib-cr genetic environment, including is26. one of them showed lower mic of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tobramycin and amikacin and decreased expression of aac(6')-ib-cr, which might be related to a 12-bp deletion causing a displacement of the -10 box upstream of the aac(6')-ib-cr gene.	2011	22106222
the disinfecting potential of contact lens soutions used by sultan qaboos university students.	this study aimed to determine the disinfecting potential of some contact lens solutions used by some university students in oman.	2011	21969898
allosteric activation via kinetic control: potassium accelerates a conformational change in imp dehydrogenase.	allosteric activators are generally believed to shift the equilibrium distribution of enzyme conformations to favor a catalytically productive structure; the kinetics of conformational exchange is seldom addressed. several observations suggested that the usual allosteric mechanism might not apply to the activation of imp dehydrogenase (impdh) by monovalent cations. therefore, we investigated the mechanism of k(+) activation in impdh by delineating the kinetic mechanism in the absence of monovale ...	2011	21870820
indigenous soil bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon consumption and heavy metal resistance.	introduction: transconjugant bacteria with combined potential for hydrocarbon utilization and heavy metal resistance were suggested by earlier investigators for bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals. the purpose of this study was to offer evidence that such microorganisms are already part of the indigenous soil microflora. methods: microorganisms in pristine and oily soils wer ...	2011	21948132
susceptibility of the multi-drug resistant strain of enterobacter aerogenes ea289 to the terpene alcohols from cistus ladaniferus essential oil.	the essential oil (eo) of cistus ladaniferus was separated into non polar, moderately polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. the eo and its fractions were analysed by gas chromatography in combination with retention indices [gc-(ri)] and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (13c nmr) spectroscopy. a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) assay was used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens of clinical relevance, including a multi-drug r ...	2011	21922926
potential application of the nisin z preparation of lactococcus lactis w8 in preservation of milk.	aims: the aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparation of nisin z from lactococcus lactis w8-fermented milk in controlling the growth of spoilage bacteria in pasteurized milk. methods and results: spoilage bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk at 8 and 15°c were identified as enterococcus italicus, enterococcus mundtii, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, lactobacillus paracasei, acinetobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescens and enterobacter a ...	2011	21554339
jacaranda cuspidifolia mart. (bignoniaceae) as antibacterial agent.	abstract this study evaluated, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the hexane extract (jche), methanol extract (jcme), and chloroform fraction (jccf) of bark from jacaranda cuspidifolia mart. (family bignoniaceae), a brazilian medicinal plant, traditionally used as anti-syphilis and anti-gonorrhea treatment. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values. jche was not active against the b ...	2011	21663482
the activity of antimicrobial peptide s-thanatin is independent on multidrug-resistant spectrum of bacteria.	in this study, the activity of s-thanatin (an analog of antimicrobial peptide derived from thanatin) against different bacterial pathogens frequently which can cause therapeutic problems was tested. the result showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of s-thanatin against all isolates of the escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella ornithinolytica and klebsiella oxytoca were in the range of 4-16µg/ml, no matter which antibiotic the ...	2011	21453736
substrate specificity of the bacillus licheniformis lyxose isomerase ydae and its application in in vitro catalysis for bioproduction of lyxose and glucose by two-step isomerization.	enzymatic processes are useful for industrially important sugar production, and in vitro two-step isomerization has proven to be an efficient process in utilizing readily available sugar sources. a hypothetical uncharacterized protein encoded by ydae of bacillus licheniformis was found to have broad substrate specificities and has shown high catalytic efficiency on d-lyxose, suggesting that the enzyme is d-lyxose isomerase. escherichia coli bl21 expressing the recombinant protein, of 19.5 kda, s ...	2011	21421786
contemporary revision penile prosthesis surgery is not associated with a high risk of implant colonization or infection: a single-surgeon series.	revision penile prosthesis surgery has traditionally been associated with a greater risk of postoperative infection than primary implant placement. this has been attributed to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteria found surrounding the implant at the time of revision surgery.	2011	21366878
[the austrian pediatrician theodor escherich as bacteriologist and social hygienist: the 100th anniversary of his death on february 15th, 1911].	escherich was born on november 29, 1857 in ansbach, bavaria. he has been director of the children hospitals in graz (styria, austria) from 1890 and vienna (austria) from 1902, started his bacteriological investigations in 1884 during a short stay in st. anna children hospital in vienna. this he continued it as an assistant in munich and as clinic director in graz. on the basis of his bacteriological findings in breast-milk, which proved to be sterile, he wanted to detect the physiological and pa ...	2011	21369861
cerebrosides and 2-pyridone alkaloids from the halotolerant fungus penicillium chrysogenum grown in a hypersaline medium.	five new cerebrosides, chrysogesides a-e (1-5), and two new 2-pyridone alkaloids, chrysogedones a and b (6 and 7), were isolated from the fermentation broth of penicillium chrysogenum pxp-55, a halotolerant fungus grown in a hypersaline medium. among them, chrysogesides b-d (2-4) are the first cerebrosides that contain an unsaturated c(19)-fatty acid. their structures were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods, including cd spectroscopy as well as the modified mosher's method. compoun ...	2011	21381678
enzymatic transesterification of jatropha curcas oil assisted by ultrasonication.	ultrasonication used for the production of fatty acid methyl ester from non-edible vegetable oil using immobilized lipase (chromobacterium viscosum) as a catalyst from enterobacter aerogenes to make the process fully ecologically and environmental friendly. the optimal conditions for biodiesel production is the molar ratio oil to methanol 1:4, catalyst concentration 5 wt.% of oil, reaction time 30min, ultrasonic amplitude 50% (100w/m(3)) and cycle 0.7s. ultrasonication reduce the reaction time c ...	2011	21489849
essential oils from moroccan plants as potential chemosensitisers restoring antibiotic activity in resistant gram-negative bacteria.	bacterial drug resistance is a worrying public health problem. antibiotic efflux is a major non-specific resistance mechanism used by bacteria, and efflux pumps are involved in the low-level susceptibility of various important gram-negative pathogens. use of molecules that can block bacterial pumps is an attractive strategy, but several studies report only partial efficacy owing to limits of these molecules (stability, selectivity, bioavailability, toxicity, etc.). the objective of this study wa ...	2011	21752605
emergence of vim-1-carbapenemase-producing enterobacter cloacae in tyrol, austria.	the rapid emergence and dissemination of carbapenemase producing enterobacter sp. and other enterobacteriaceae poses a considerable threat to the care of hospitalized patients and to public health. in this study, enterobacter isolates demonstrating decreased susceptibility to carbapenems detected at the division of hygiene and medical microbiology, innsbruck medical university, between january 2006 and december 2010 were tested for blavim-1, blandm-1, blaimp, blakpc and blaoxa-48 using a multipl ...	2011	22194339
biodegradation of acrylamide by enterobacter aerogenes isolated from wastewater in thailand.	a widespread use of acrylamide, probably a neurotoxicant and carcinogen, in various industrial processes has led to environmental contamination. fortunately, some microorganisms are able to derive energy from acrylamide. in the present work, we reported the isolation and characterization of a novel acrylamide-degrading bacterium from domestic wastewater in chonburi, thailand. the strain grew well in the presence of acrylamide as 0.5% (w/v), at ph 6.0 to 9.0 and 25 degrees c. identification based ...	2011	21520808
Antibacterial activity of some Indian Ayurvedic preparations against enteric bacterial pathogens.	In Ayurveda, various herbal preparations are clinically used to prevent or cure infectious diseases. Herbal preparations such as Triphala churna, Hareetaki churna, Dashmula churna, Manjistadi churna, Sukhsarak churna, Ajmodadi churna, Shivkshar pachan churna, Mahasudarshan churna, Swadist Virechan churna and Pipramool churna were investigated by preparing their organic solvent extract for antibacterial potential against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, ...	2011	22171288
entropic and enthalpic components of catalysis in the mutase and lyase activities of pseudomonas aeruginosa pchb.	the isochorismate-pyruvate lyase from pseudomonas aeruginosa (pchb) catalyzes two pericyclic reactions, demonstrating the eponymous activity and also chorismate mutase activity. the thermodynamic parameters for these enzyme-catalyzed activities, as well as the uncatalyzed isochorismate decomposition, are reported from temperature dependence of k(cat) and k(uncat) data. the entropic effects do not contribute to enzyme catalysis as expected from previously reported chorismate mutase data. indeed, ...	2011	21504201
metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of scutellarin in rat plasma, urine, and feces.	aim:to study the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of scutellarin, an active component from the medical plant erigeron breviscapus (vant) hand-mazz, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the low bioavailability of scutellarin though oral or intravenous administration in rats.methods:hplc method was developed for simultaneous detection of scutellarin and scutellarein (the aglycone of scutellarin) in rat plasma, urine and feces. the in vitro metabolic stability study was carried out in ...	2011	21516133
the antibiotic potential of prokaryotic imp dehydrogenase inhibitors.	inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the first committed step of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (gmp) biosynthesis, and thus regulates the guanine nucleotide pool, which in turn governs proliferation. human impdhs are validated targets for immunosuppressive, antiviral and anticancer drugs, but as yet microbial impdhs have not been exploited in antimicrobial chemotherapy. selective inhibitors of impdh from cryptosporidium parvum have recently been discovered that display anti-para ...	2011	21517780
bacteremia and endotoxemia after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasia: pilot study.	background: because the invasive procedure of endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) entails a large mucosal defect which is left open, with extensive submucosal exposure to the indigenous bacterial flora, the procedure may have a substantial risk for bacteremia. our aim was to examine gastric esd-related bacteremia and endotoxemia in gastric neoplasia patients. methods: in patients who underwent esd for superficial gastric neoplasia, blood cultures and plasma endotoxin measurements were done be ...	2011	21559862
comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar cm1046 and mfc agar for detection of e. coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from water samples.	aims: the equivalence of oxoid (cm 1046) brilliance((tm)) e. coli/coliform selective agar to mfc agar, as used in the australian/new zealand standard method to detect thermotolerant coliforms and escherichia coli in water samples, was assessed. methods and results: a total of 244 water samples were analysed in parallel over a 5-month period. sewage effluent samples (n = 131, sites = 43), freshwater (n = 62, sites = 18) and marine/brackish water samples (n = 51, sites = 23) were analysed. the w ...	2011	21585405
development and validation of lc-hrms and gc-nici-ms methods for stereoselective determination of mdma and its phase i and ii metabolites in human urine.	3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) is a racemic drug of abuse and its r- and s-enantiomers are known to differ in their dose-response curve. the s-enantiomer was shown to be eliminated at a higher rate than the r-enantiomer most likely explained by stereoselective metabolism that was observed in various in vitro experiments. the aim of this work was the development and validation of methods for evaluating the stereoselective elimination of phase i and particularly phase ii metabolites of m ...	2011	21656610
d-xylulose kinase from saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation and characterization of the highly unstable enzyme, recombinantly produced in escherichia coli.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding xylulose kinase (xks1) was over-expressed to an abundance ofô®¥10% intracellular protein in escherichia coli. instability of xks1, not pointed out in previous reports of the enzyme, prevented isolation of active enzyme in native or "tagged" form under a wide range of purification conditions. a fusion protein haboring c-terminal strep-tag ii (xks1-strep) displayed activity (ôê╝20u/mg) as isolated. however, the half-life time of purified xks1-strep was on ...	2011	21664974
genotypic characterization and in vitro activities of tigecycline and polymyxin b for enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems.	carbapenam-resistant enterobacteriaceae is increasing. in order to evaluate the effects of tigecycline and polymyxin b against the carbapenam-non-susceptible pathogens, 89 representative clinical isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae were recovered from 7 hospitals of 4 cities in china during 2006 to 2009, including 30 serratia marcescens, 35 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 enterobacter cloacae, 6 enterobacter aerogenes, 5 escherichia coli, 4 citrobacter freundii, and 2 klebsiella o ...	2011	21835972
metallo-β-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008.	the emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern. producers have been repeatedly isolated from patients and long-term care facility (ltcf) residents around bolzano, and we sought to assess their prevalence and clinical impact. all routine enterobacteriaceae isolates from a bolzano tertiary-care hospital and associated long-term care facilities in 2008 (n = 5500) were screened for mbls, with case details reviewed for the source patients. i ...	2011	20345467
an experimentally validated genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of klebsiella pneumoniae mgh 78578, iyl1228.	klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium of the family enterobacteriaceae that possesses diverse metabolic capabilities: many strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections that are often refractory to multiple antibiotics, yet other strains are metabolically engineered and used for production of commercially valuable chemicals. to study its metabolism, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model (iyl1228) for strain mgh 78578, experimentally determined its biomass compos ...	2011	21296962
production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria isolated from fresh pork sausages packaged in different atmospheres and kept under refrigeration.	the occurrence of in vitro amino acid activity in bacterial strains associated with fresh pork sausages packaged in different atmospheres and kept in refrigeration was studied. the presence of biogenic amines in decarboxylase broth was confirmed by ion-exchange chromatography and by the presence of the corresponding decarboxylase genes by pcr. from the 93 lactic acid bacteria and 100 enterobacteria strains analysed, the decarboxylase medium underestimates the number of biogenic amine-producer st ...	2011	21316866
in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against frequently encountered aerobic and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens: results of the canward 2007-2009 study.	the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was evaluated against 15 011 clinical isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. all staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ceftobiprole (mic(90)'s for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus of = 1 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively). ceftobiprole was active against penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (mic(90), = 0.06 µg/ml), penicillin-resistant streptococcu ...	2011	21353964
isolation, structure determination and antibacterial activities of succinamide conjugate diacid from acinetobacter sp. bj-l.	strain bj-l was isolated from the a water sample taken from xiao yue river in beijing and identified as acinetobacter sp. bj-l based on the study of its morphology, physiology, biochemistry and 16s rrna gene sequence. a new antimicrobial substance was produced after the strain was incubated in potato extract medium at 15°c for 72 h. the antimicrobial substance was sequentially purified by reduced pressure condensation, etoac extract, and silica gel column chromatography. the structure of the ant ...	2011	20630726
development of enterobacter aerogenes fuel cells: from in situ biohydrogen oxidization to direct electroactive biofilm.	this study described an enterobacter aerogenes-catalyzed microbial fuel cell (mfc) with a carbon-based anode that exhibited a maximum power density of 2.51 w/m(3) in the absence of artificial electron mediators. the mfc was started up rapidly, within hours, and the current generation in the early stage was demonstrated to result from in situ oxidation of biohydrogen produced by e. aerogenes during glucose fermentation. over periodic replacement of substrate, both planktonic biomass in the cultur ...	2011	20598528
resveratrol metabolites do not elicit early pro-apoptotic mechanisms in neuroblastoma cells.	resveratrol, a nontoxic polyphenol, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of neuroblasoma. however, resveratrol is rapidly metabolized, mainly to its glucuronidated and sulfated derivatives. this study demonstrates that resveratrol alone, and not the glucuronidated or sulfated metabolites, is taken up into tumor cells, induces a rise in [ca(2+)](i), and ultimately leads to a decrease in tumor cell viability. a new water-soluble resveratrol formulation was delivered di ...	2011	21401048
bacteriologic and plasmid analysis of etiologic agents of conjunctivitis in lagos, nigeria.	background: conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva, is one of the most common eye problems affecting all age groups in nigeria. a better understanding of its epidemiology and the antibiotic susceptibility of etiologic bacterial agents is crucial for the initiation of preventive and therapeutic measures. this study determined the distribution and patterns of bacterial infections in nigerian patients with conjunctivitis. antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmid profiles of these ...	2011	21484175
antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and compounds of the root bark of allanblackia floribunda.	context: allanblackia floribunda oliver (guttiferae) is an african medicinal plant used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. objective: we investigated the antitumor, radical scavenging, antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the root bark extract of a. floribunda and three isolated phenolics, namely 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (1), morelloflavone (2) and 7'-o-glucoside of morelloflavone (3). materials and methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (dpph) radi ...	2011	20738222
hospitalization of the elderly in the united states for nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases: a search for etiological clues.	the frequency of hospitalization among the elderly in the united states caused by gastrointestinal diseases between 1991 and 2004 increased dramatically, especially hospitalization of elderly individuals with nonspecific diagnoses. we analyzed 6 640 304 gastrointestinal disease-associated hospitalization records in this 14-year period by comparing the peak times of nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases with those of specific diseases. we found that most nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases peak ...	2011	21653903
emergency department visits by nursing home residents in the united states.	to characterize emergency department (ed) use by nursing home residents in the united states.	2011	22091500
differential ammonia metabolism in aedes aegypti fat body and midgut tissues.	in order to understand at the tissue level how aedes aegypti copes with toxic ammonia concentrations that result from the rapid metabolism of blood meal proteins, we investigated the incorporation of (15)n from (15)nh(4)cl into amino acids using an in vitro tissue culture system. fat body or midgut tissues from female mosquitoes were incubated in an aedes saline solution supplemented with glucose and (15)nh(4)cl for 10-40min. the media were then mixed with deuterium-labeled amino acids, dried an ...	2010	20206632
bioluminescent probes of sulfatase activity.		2010	20872389
retroperitoneal-necrotizing fasciitis due to chronic pyelonephritis.		2010	21063573
total (bio)synthesis: strategies of nature and of chemists.	the biosynthetic pathways to a number of natural products have been reconstituted in vitro using purified enzymes. many of these molecules have also been synthesized by organic chemists. here we compare the strategies used by nature and by chemists to reveal the underlying logic and success of each total synthetic approach for some exemplary molecules with diverse biosynthetic origins.	2010	21495259
phytoremediation of mercury in pristine and crude oil contaminated soils: contributions of rhizobacteria and their host plants to mercury removal.	the rhizospheric soils of three tested legume crops: broad beans (vicia faba), beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (pisum sativum), and two nonlegume crops: cucumber (cucumis sativus) and tomato, (lycopersicon esculentum) contained considerable numbers (the magnitude of 10(5)g(-1) soil) of bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon-utilization and mercury-resistance. sequencing of the 16s rrna coding genes of rhizobacteria associated with broad beans revealed that they were affiliated t ...	2010	20833430
hexavalent chromium reduction by bacterial consortia and pure strains from an alkaline industrial effluent.	to characterize the bacterial consortia and isolates selected for their role in hexavalent chromium removal by adsorption and reduction.	2010	20854455
high-dose ciprofloxacin for serious gram-negative infection in an obese, critically ill patient receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.	to describe the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical outcome associated with high-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in a patient with the triad of extreme obesity, multiple organ failure, and deep-seated infection.	2010	20736424
aerobic growth at nanomolar oxygen concentrations.	molecular oxygen (o(2)) is the second most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere, but in many natural environments, its concentration is reduced to low or even undetectable levels. although low-oxygen-adapted organisms define the ecology of low-oxygen environments, their capabilities are not fully known. these capabilities also provide a framework for reconstructing a critical period in the history of life, because low, but not negligible, atmospheric oxygen levels could have persisted before t ...	2010	20974919
microbial transformation of albendazole.	screening scale studies were performed to biotransform anthelmintic drug albendazole by using twelve bacterial strains representing six genera and five actinomycetes cultures. among the cultures studied, bacillus subtilis mtcc 619, escherichia coli mtcc 118 and klebsiella pneumoniae mtcc 109 could transform albendazole to one metabolite whereas, enterobacter aerogenes ncim 2695, klebsiella aerogenes ncim 2258, pseudomonas aeruginosa ncim 2074 and streptomyces griseus ncim 2622 could transform al ...	2010	20726341
genetics and regulation of the major enzymes of alanine synthesis in escherichia coli.	genetic analysis of alanine synthesis in the model genetic organism escherichia coli has implicated avta, the still uncharacterized alaa and alab genes, and probably other genes. we identified alaa as yfbq. we then transferred mutations in several transaminase genes into a yfbq mutant and isolated a mutant that required alanine for optimal growth. for cells grown with carbon sources other than pyruvate, the major alanine-synthesizing transaminases are avta, yfbq (alaa), and yfdz (which we design ...	2010	20729367
quinazoline derivatives are efficient chemosensitizers of antibiotic activity in enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains.	amongst the three series of quinazoline derivatives synthesised and studied in this work, some molecules increase the antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria presenting multidrug-resistant phenotypes. n-alkyl compounds induced an increase in the activity of chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and sparfloxacin, which are substrates of the acrab-tolc and mexab-oprm efflux pumps in clinical isolates. these molecules are able to increase the intracellular concentration of chloramphenicol in ...	2010	20494558
isolation of bacteriocin-like substances producing bacteria from finished cattle-manure compost and activity evaluation against some food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.	a finished compost sample was examined for bacteriocin-like substance production against five pathogenic bacteria: salmonella typhimurium ef 85-9, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43888, enterococcus faecalis jcm 8726, staphylococcus aureus jcm 2151, and yersinia enterocolitica jcm 7577. at the preliminary detection of bacterial strains exhibiting antimicrobial activity from the compost sample, thirteen strains could be isolated. screening of the inhibitory activity was done using agar-well diffusi ...	2010	20513963
relationship between structure and antibacterial activity of lipophilic n-acyldiamines.	we report in this work the preparation and antibacterial evaluation of a series of n-monoacylated diamines against six gram-positive and 11 gram-negative bacteria. the results obtained showed the existence of relationship between lipophilicity and antibacterial activity of the tested compounds. the best results were obtained against gram-positive bacteria for compounds having a 10-12 carbons alkyl chain. compound 4e was the most active against microccus lentus (mic=2 microg/ml), staphylococcus a ...	2010	19942397
alteration of hydrogen metabolism of ldh-deleted enterobacter aerogenes by overexpression of nad+-dependent formate dehydrogenase.	the nad+-dependent formate dehydrogenase fdh1 gene (fdh1), cloned from candida boidinii, was expressed in the ldh-deleted mutant of enterobacter aerogenes iam1183 strain. the plasmid of pcom10 driven by the palkb promoter was used to construct the fdh1 expression system and thus introduce a new dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) regeneration pathway from formate in the ldh-deleted mutant. the knockout of nadh-consuming lactate pathway affected the whole cellular metabolism, and the ...	2010	19830418
reconstruction of the violacein biosynthetic pathway from duganella sp. b2 in different heterologous hosts.	violacein is a bacteria-originated indolocarbazole pigment with potential applications due to its various bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antiviral, and antifungal activities. however, stable mass production of this pigment is difficult due to its low productivities and the instability of wild-type violacein-producing strains. in order to establish a stable and efficient production system for violacein, the violacein synthesis pathway from a new species of duganella sp. b2 was reconstructed in ...	2010	20012278
in vitro antibacterial activity of ibuprofen and acetaminophen.	ibuprofen and acetaminophen are common chemical agents that have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity.	2010	20606962
evaluation of etest to determine tigecycline mics for enterobacter species.		2010	20350941
development of molecular-based methods for determination of high histamine producing bacteria in fish.	histamine (or scombroid) fish poisoning is a significant cause of food borne disease in the united states. in this study, we describe the development of a molecular-based technique which uses digoxigenin (dig) labeled dna probes for the detection of gram negative bacteria producing high amounts of histamine (>1000 ppm). a cocktail of pcr amplification fragments corresponding to a 709 bp fragment of the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene of four high producing bacteria (morganella morganii, enter ...	2010	20392504
evaluation of efflux activity of bacteria by a semi-automated fluorometric system.	a semi-automated method that uses the common efflux pump (ep) substrate ethidium bromide (eb) is described for the assessment of ep systems of bacteria. the method employs the rotor-gene(tm) 3000 thermocycler (corbett research) for the real-time assessment of accumulation and efflux of eb in phosphate-buffered solution (pbs) under varying physiological conditions, such as temperature, ph, presence and absence of the energy source, and presence of efflux pumps inhibitors (epis). the method is suf ...	2010	20401593
a highly sensitive detection platform based on surface-enhanced raman scattering for escherichia coli enumeration.	a very sensitive and highly specific heterogeneous immunoassay system, based on surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) and gold nanoparticles, was developed for the detection of bacteria and other pathogens. two different types of gold nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized gold nanosphere and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab)-stabilized gold nanorod particles) were examined and this immunoassay was applied for the detection of escherichia coli. raman labels were constructed by using these ...	2010	20401720
[bacterial meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli in adults].	gram-negative bacilli are causative agents of bacterial meningitis in the neonatal period but rarely cause meningitis in adults without risk factors.	2010	20414871
the role of bioactive substances in controlling foodborne pathogens derived from metasequoia glyptostroboides miki ex hu.	in an attempt to isolate bioactive substances, ethyl acetate cone extract of metasequoia glyptostroboides was subjected to a column chromatographic analysis that resulted in isolation of an abietane type diterpenoid, taxoquinone. its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic means. in further, taxoquinone showed potential antibacterial effect as diameters of zones of inhibition against foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes atcc 19166, salmonella typhimurium kctc 2515, salm ...	2010	20435080
the filter-feeding ciliates colpidium striatum and tetrahymena pyriformis display selective feeding behaviours in the presence of mixed, equally-sized, bacterial prey.	this study examined whether two ciliates could discriminate between equally-sized bacterial prey in mixture and if so, how selectivity might benefit the ciliate population. live klebsiella aerogenes, k. ozaenae and escherichia coli, expressing different coloured fluorescent proteins, were cultured in such a way as to provide populations containing equally-sized cells (to prevent size-selective grazing taking place) and these prey were fed to each ciliate in 50:50 mixtures. colpidium striatum sel ...	2010	20471910
international spread and persistence of tem-24 is caused by the confluence of highly penetrating enterobacteriaceae clones and an inca/c2 plasmid containing tn1696::tn1 and is5075-tn21.	tem-24 remains one of the most widespread tem-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among enterobacteriaceae. to analyze the reasons influencing its spread and persistence, a multilevel population genetics study was carried out on 28 representative tem-24 producers from belgium, france, portugal, and spain (13 enterobacter aerogenes isolates, 6 escherichia coli isolates, 6 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 2 proteus mirabilis isolates, and 1 klebsiella oxytoca isolate, from 1998 to 2004). ...	2010	19995930
growth and gaseous emissions of pure and mixed small intestinal bacterial cultures: effects of bile and vancomycin.	simultaneous cultivations in anaerobiosis, aerobiosis and with microaerobic gas mixture were used to clarify the bile (oxgall) effects on the pure and mixed cultures of enterobacterial strains in simulations in portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu) linked with chempro100i((r)) gas detector. the effects of vancomycin were evaluated in aerobic cultures. growth and metabolic activity of cultures were also followed by measuring sugar consumption, ph alterations, and colony counts on bd chromagar o ...	2010	19682874
antibacterial activity of artemisia nilagirica leaf extracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria.	the six organic solvent extracts of artemisia nilagirica were screened for the potential antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens and clinically important standard reference bacterial strains.	2010	20109237
gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles obtained by four different techniques from salvia rosifolia sm., and evaluation for biological activity.	four different isolation techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (hd), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (mwhd), microdistillation (md) and micro-steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (msd-spme), have been used to analyze the volatile constituents from the aerial parts of salvia rosifolia sm. by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. hd and mwhd techniques produced quantitatively (yield, 0.39% and 0.40%) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar ...	2010	20015509
biogenic silver for disinfection of water contaminated with viruses.	the presence of enteric viruses in drinking water is a potential health risk. growing interest has arisen in nanometals for water disinfection, in particular the use of silver-based nanotechnology. in this study, lactobacillus fermentum served as a reducing agent and bacterial carrier matrix for zerovalent silver nanoparticles, referred to as biogenic ag(0). the antiviral action of biogenic ag(0) was examined in water spiked with an enterobacter aerogenes-infecting bacteriophage (uz1). addition ...	2010	20038697
method to detect only viable cells in microbial ecology.	propidium monoazide can limit the analysis of microbial communities derived from genetic fingerprints to viable cells with intact cell membranes. however, pma treatment cannot completely suppress polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification when the targeted gene is too short. pma treatment in combination with two-step nested pcr was designed to overcome this problem. four experiments were performed to determine the limitation of pma treatment and to evaluate the suitability of the method by ap ...	2010	20024544
the bioremediator glycerophosphodiesterase employs a non-processive mechanism for hydrolysis.	glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes is a binuclear metallohydrolase that catalyzes the breakdown of a broad range of phosphate ester substrates, and it is of interest for its potential application in the destruction of organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides. the reaction mechanism of gpdq has been proposed to involve a nucleophilic attack by a terminally bound hydroxide molecule. the hydroxide species bridging the two metal ions is suggested to activate the nucleophi ...	2010	19923005
characterization of esbl (shv-12) producing clinical isolate of enterobacter aerogenes from a tertiary care hospital in nigeria.	we studied the beta-lactamases of an e. aerogenes isolate recovered from the blood of a two-year-old patient. the isolate demonstrated a disk-diffusion phenotype typical for an ampc-esbl co-producer.	2010	20067633
comparison of the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of patients with enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia: a prospective observation study.	we compared the characteristics and outcomes of 172 enterobacter cloacae bacteremia and 67 enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia (eab) cases. antimicrobial resistance rates to e. cloacae were higher than those to e. aerogenes. however, eab more frequently presented as septic shock and was associated with poorer outcomes.	2010	20071128
metabolism of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate by rat intestinal flora.	anaerobic metabolism of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) by rat intestinal bacteria was investigated in vitro. first, intestinal bacteria which are capable of hydrolyzing egcg to (-)-epigallocatechin (egc) and gallic acid (2) were screened with 169 strains of enteric bacteria. as a result, enterobacter aerogenes, raoultella planticola, klebsiella pneumoniae susp. pneumoniae, and bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis were found to hydrolyze egcg. subsequent steps of egcg metabolism are degrad ...	2010	20043675
plasmid profile of esbl producing gram-negative bacteria and correlation with susceptibility to beta-lactam drugs.	members of family enterobacteriaceae can acquire resistance to extended spectrum beta lactams by a number of mechanisms; most important being the plasmid encoded extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) and ampc beta lactamase. this study has been designed to look for the presence of plasmids and their correlation with drug resistance.	2010	20090229
free-living amoebae isolated from water-hyacinth root (eichhornia crassipes).	free-living amoebae are widely distributed in aquatic environments and their hygienic, medical and ecological relationships to man are increasingly important. the purpose of this study was to isolate free-living amoebae from water-hyacinth root (eichhornia crassipes) and the water of an urban lake in mexico city. five grams of wet root were seeded on non-nutritive agar with enterobacter aerogenes (nne). water samples were concentrated by centrifugation at 1200g for 15min and the pellet was seede ...	2010	20117108
patterns of antimicrobial therapy in severe nosocomial infections: empiric choices, proportion of appropriate therapy, and adaptation rates--a multicentre, observational survey in critically ill patients.	this prospective, observational multicentre (n=24) study investigated relationships between antimicrobial choices and rates of empiric appropriate or adequate therapy, and subsequent adaptation of therapy in 171 icu patients with severe nosocomial infections. appropriate antibiotic therapy was defined as in vitro susceptibility of the causative pathogen and clinical response to the agent administered. in non-microbiologically documented infections, therapy was considered adequate in the case of ...	2010	20122817
efflux pumps are involved in the defense of gram-negative bacteria against the natural products isobavachalcone and diospyrone.	the activities of two naturally occurring compounds, isobavachalcone and diospyrone, against documented strains and multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacterial isolates were evaluated. the results indicated that the two compounds exhibited intrinsic antibacterial activity against several gram-negative bacteria, and their activities were significantly improved in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor (mic values decreased to below 10 microg/ml). in addition, the activities of isobavachal ...	2010	20160051
[cloning of enterobacter aerogenes fh1a gene and overexpression of hydrogen production].	we amplified and overexpressed the fhl activator (fh1a) in e. aerogenes atcc13408 to enhance hydrogen production.	2010	20687337
electronic structure analysis of the dinuclear metal center in the bioremediator glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes.	the glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes is a promiscuous, dinuclear metallohydrolase that has potential application in the remediation of organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides. gpdq employs an unusual reaction mechanism in which the enzyme is predominantly mononuclear in the resting state, and substrate binding induces the formation of the catalytically competent dinuclear center (hadler et al. j. am. chem. soc. 2008, 130, 14129). reactivity is further modulated by ...	2010	20163105
identification and characterization of a phospholipase a2 from the venom of the saw-scaled viper: novel bactericidal and membrane damaging activities.	phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)), a common toxic component of snake venom, has been implicated in various pharmacological effects. in this study, a basic myotoxic pla(2), named ectx-i was isolated from echis carinatus snake venom by using gel filtration on superdex g-75, and reverse phase hplc on c18 and c8 sepharose columns. pla(2), ectx-i was 13,861.72 molecular weight as estimated by maldi-tof (15 kd by sds-page), and consisted of 121 amino acid residues cross-linked by seven disulfide bonds. the ...	2010	20723574
a nac for regulating metabolism: the nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) from klebsiella pneumoniae.	the nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) is a lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) that is made under conditions of nitrogen-limited growth. nac's synthesis is entirely dependent on phosphorylated ntrc from the two-component ntr system and requires the unusual sigma factor σ54 for transcription of the nac gene. nac activates the transcription of σ70-dependent genes whose products provide the cell with ammonia or glutamate. nac represses genes whose products use ammonia and also repr ...	2010	20675498
in vitro ciprofloxacin resistance profiles among gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital.	to evaluate the trends of ciprofloxacin resistance pattern in commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria over time in a saudi arabian teaching hospital.	2010	20726190
physiological characterisation of the efflux pump system of antibiotic-susceptible and multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes.	enterobacter aerogenes predominates amongst enterobacteriaceae species that are increasingly reported as producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. although this mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is important, other mechanisms bestowing a multidrug-resistant (mdr) phenotype in this species are now well documented. amongst these mechanisms is the overexpression of efflux pumps that extrude structurally unrelated antibiotics prior to their reaching their targets. interestingly, although ...	2010	20688487
synergistic interaction of phenylpropanoids with antibiotics against bacteria.	phenylpropanoids constitute a large part of our daily diet and there is a possibility that they might interact with synthetic drugs. the present work was aimed at studying the interaction of seven phenylpropanoids (cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) with five antibiotics (amikacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and vancomycin) against gram-negative (escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and pseudomonas aerugi ...	2010	20724513
in vitro glucuronidation of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol by microsomes and hepatocytes from rats and humans.	2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (bmp) is a brominated flame retardant used in unsaturated polyester resins. in a 2-year bioassay bmp was shown to be a multisite carcinogen in rats and mice. because glucuronidation is the key metabolic transformation of bmp by rats, in this study the in vitro hepatic glucuronidation of bmp was compared across several species. in addition, the glucuronidation activities of human intestinal microsomes and specific human hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt ...	2010	20200232
mutagenesis of klebsiella aerogenes ureg to probe nickel binding and interactions with other urease-related proteins.	ureg is a gtpase required for assembly of the nickel-containing active site of urease. herein, a strep-tagged klebsiella aerogenes ureg (ureg(str)) and selected site-directed variants of ureg(str) were constructed for studying the in vivo effects on urease activation in recombinant escherichia coli cells, characterizing properties of the purified proteins, and analysis of in vivo and in vitro protein-protein interactions. whereas the strep tag had no effect on ureg's ability to activate urease, ...	2010	20533838
prevalence of microorganisms of hygienic interest in an organized abattoir in mumbai, india.	the magnitude of food-borne illnesses in india is unknown because of lack of surveillance networks. monitoring the prevalence of food-borne pathogens and indicators of contamination in primary production at abattoirs is imperative for creating a data bank and for effective control of such pathogens before they enter the food chain.	2010	20818094
coliform accumulation in amphibalanus amphitrite (darwin, 1854) (cirripedia) and its use as an organic pollution bioindicator in the estuarine area of recife, pernambuco, brazil.	samples of water and barnacles amphibalanus amphitrite were collected from recife, brazil, to assess if it accumulates total (tc) and thermotolerant coliforms (ttc) related with sewage pollution. the most probable number (mpn) values and the standard procedures for examination of shellfish were used. comparatively with the water samples, the highest coliform values came from the barnacles, with tc values ranging from < 3.0 x 10(3) to > 2.4 x 10(6) mpn.g-1, and ttc ranging from > 2.4 x 10(3) to 2 ...	2010	20549061
characterization of the klebsiella aerogenes urease accessory protein ured in fusion with the maltose binding protein.	assembly of the klebsiella aerogenes urease metallocenter requires four accessory proteins, ured, uree, uref, and ureg, to effectively deliver and incorporate two ni2+ ions into the nascent active site of the urease apoprotein (ureabc). each accessory protein has been purified and characterized with the exception of ured due to its insolubility when it is overproduced in recombinant cells. in this study, a translational fusion was made between the maltose binding protein (mbp) and ured, with the ...	2010	20207756
novel chalcones and 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives as antibacterial agents.	novel sixteen chalcones and thirteen 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazolines were synthesized and characterized using ft-ir, hr-mass, nmr (¹h-nmr, ¹³c-nmr, 135 dept, ¹h-¹h cosy and ¹h and ¹³c cosy) and xrd. these compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six micro-organisms, namely bacillus subtilis ncim 2718, staphylococcus aureus ncim 5021, salmonella typhi ncim 2501, enterobacter aerogenes ncim 5139, pseudomonas aeruginosa ncim 5029, and proteus vulgaris ncim 2813 by twofold dil ...	2010	20925692
bacterial coinfection and antimicrobial resistance in patients with paranasal sinus fungus balls.	the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of bacterial coinfection and antimicrobial resistance in cases of fungus balls of the paranasal sinuses.	2010	20583740
analysis of multiple metabolites of tocopherols and tocotrienols in mice and humans.	tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as vitamin e, are essential antioxidant nutrients. the biological fates and metabolite profiles of the different forms are not clearly understood. the objective of this study is to simultaneously analyze the metabolites of different tocopherols and tocotrienols in mouse and human samples. using hplc/electrochemical detection and mass spectrometry, 18 tocopherol-derived and 24 tocotrienol-derived side-chain degradation metabolites were identified i ...	2010	20222730
antiarthritic and antioxidant effects of the leaf extract of ficus exasperata p. beauv. (moraceae).	leaf extracts of ficus exasperata p. beauv. (moraceae) are commonly used in ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of several pathological states including inflammatory disorders. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of an ethanolic extract of f. exasperata (fee) in the freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. since free radicals and reactive oxygen species are implicated in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the antioxid ...	2010	21808547
trends in production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae of clinical interest: results of a nationwide survey in belgian hospitals.	to assess the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) in enterobacteriaceae isolates in belgium.	2010	21036771
virulence properties and integron-associated antibiotic resistance of klebsiella mobilis strains isolated from clinical specimens.	this study examined klebsiella mobilis isolates cultured from clinical specimens for virulence-associated properties and antibiotic resistance. the strains produced a number of siderophores, including enterobactin, aerobactin and yersiniabactin. all isolates were able to adhere to and invade epithelial cells. they had cytotoxic activity, which caused destruction of human laryngeal epithelial hep-2 cells and evoked lysis of murine macrophage j774 cells. analyses of hep-2 and j774 cellular morphol ...	2010	21088128
sers-based sandwich immunoassay using antibody coated magnetic nanoparticles for escherichia coli enumeration.	a method combining immunomagnetic separation (ims) and surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) was developed to enumerate escherichia coli (e. coli). gold-coated magnetic spherical nanoparticles were prepared by immobilizing biotin-labeled anti-e. coli antibodies onto avidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles and used in the separation and concentration of the e. coli cells. raman labels have been constructed using rod shaped gold nanoparticles coated with 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (dtnb) ...	2010	21125089
comparison of (gtg)5-oligonucleotide and ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer (its)-pcr for molecular typing of klebsiella isolates.	molecular typing of klebsiella species has become important for monitoring dissemination of β-lactamase-producers in hospital environments. the present study was designed to evaluate poly-trinucleotide (gtg)(5)- and rdna intergenic transcribed spacer (its)-pcr fingerprint analysis for typing of klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca isolates. multiple displacement amplified dna derived from 19 k. pneumoniae (some with an esbl-phenotype), 35 k. oxytoca isolates, five k. pneumoniae, two k. o ...	2010	21129413
characterization of six antibacterial response genes from the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) larval gut and their expression in response to bacterial challenge.	six cdnas encoding putative antibacterial response proteins were identified and characterized from the larval gut of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). these antibacterial response proteins include four peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps), one β-1,3-glucanase-1 (βglu-1), and one lysozyme. tissue-specific expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in the midgut, except for lysozyme. analysis of expression of these genes in different developmental stage sho ...	2010	21167833