Publications

a survey of campylobacter species shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. to ensure the removal of pcr inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control dna (i.e., dna designed to amplify with the campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. in only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or campylobacter genu ...	2003	14735214
[pathogenesis of campylobacter fetus infection].	campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is a zoonotic pathogen and cause opportunistic systemic infection in human who either are pregnant or have an underlying illness. crystalline surface layer (s-layer), an external structure on the outer membrane is the prime virulence factor of this organism. s-layer is responsible for resistance to both leukocyte phagocytosis and the bactericidal effects of human serum. antigenic variation of c. fetus surface antigen during infection also help the organism to esc ...	2003	14509230
aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina.	necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ...	2003	14509450
[campylobacter fetus bacteremia in immunocompetent patient].		2003	14516269
simplified serological diagnosis of endocarditis due to coxiella burnetii and bartonella.	we tested a single-step serological assay against coxiella burnetii and bartonella species and found a sensitivity of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 98% for the diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis (bcne). this assay should be considered as a possible commercial test for the diagnosis of bcne.	2003	14607881
heat resistance in liquids of enterococcus spp., listeria spp., escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp.	the aim of the work was to collect, evaluate, summarize and compare heat resistance data reported for campylobacter, enterococcus, escherichia, listeria, salmonella and yersinia spp. the work was limited to resistance in liquids with ph values 6-8. results obtained under similar experimental conditions were sought. thermal destruction lines for the various bacterial groups studied were constructed using log10 d values and treatment temperatures. there was a good linear relationship between log10 ...	2003	14650540
vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases.		2003	14651753
new connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated rna decay system.	several prokaryotic plasmids maintain themselves in their hosts by means of diverse post-segregational cell killing systems. recent findings suggest that chromosomally encoded copies of toxins and antitoxins of post-segregational cell killing systems - such as the rele system - might function as regulatory switches under stress conditions. the rele toxin cleaves ribosome-associated transcripts, whereas another post-segregational cell killing toxin, pare, functions as a gyrase inhibitor.	2003	14659018
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus from sheep abortions in the hawke's bay region of new zealand.	to type campylobacter isolates from sheep abortions from the hawke's bay region of new zealand.	2003	16032287
pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever caused by a novel paenibacillus species: paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov.	to characterise a strain of gram negative aerobic straight or slightly curved rods (hku3) isolated from the blood culture of a 9 year old chinese boy with neutropenic fever and pseudobacteraemia.	2003	12560460
specific detection of arcobacter and campylobacter strains in water and sewage by pcr and fluorescent in situ hybridization.	the aim of this study was to evaluate pcr and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) techniques for detecting arcobacter and campylobacter strains in river water and wastewater samples. both 16s and 23s rrna sequence data were used to design specific primers and oligonucleotide probes for pcr and fish analyses, respectively. in order to assess the suitability of the methods, the assays were performed on naturally and artificially contaminated samples and compared with the isolation of cells on ...	2003	12571045
pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detection of point mutations associated with macrolide resistance in campylobacter spp.	a 23s rrna gene fragment in domain v was sequenced from 30 clinical isolates of campylobacter spp., including 22 resistant to macrolides. two point mutations associated with erythromycin resistance were identified at positions 2074 and 2075 on the 23s rrna gene (homologous to a2142c and a2143g mutations in helicobacter pylori) in which an adenine residue is also replaced with a cytosine and a guanine residue, respectively. a combined pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was dev ...	2003	12604552
a real-time pcr assay for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture.	a real-time pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. the specificity of the assay for c. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. the assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. the assay was used to detect c. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contami ...	2003	12620820
phenotypic and molecular characterization of bovine campylobacter fetus strains isolated in brazil.	the objective of the present study was to characterize the phenotypic and molecular aspects of campylobacter fetus strains isolated from bovine herds with reproductive problems. thirty-one brazilian field isolates, together with one reference strain of each subspecies of c. fetus, were analyzed. the strains were submitted to phenotypic identification followed by subspecies characterization using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and numeric evaluation of restriction fragment length polymorphis ...	2003	12637000
[a man with campylobacter endocarditis, treatable as campylobacter fetus following identification].	a 48-year-old dutch patient presented with general malaise, recurrent fever and weight loss. routine cultures identified a campylobacter in two blood cultures. when initial treatment with clarithromycin failed, the patient developed endocarditis. dna sequencing identified campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (c. fetus). the patient recovered after treatment of the infection with imipenem and gentamycin, based on the minimal inhibiting concentration. c. fetus is a rare cause of infection in human ...	2003	12661460
[identification and differentiation of campylobacter fetus subspecies by pcr].	the species campylobacter (c.) fetus is divided into the subspecies venerealis and fetus, which differ in epidemiology and clinical importance. the differences between these subspecies make an accurate distinction essential. differentiation of c. fetus by traditional microbiological methods is only based on two reactions (tolerance to glycin, na selenite reduction), in which c. fetus ssp. venerealis reacts negatively. however, the value of both reactions is limited. we used a specific pcr-based ...	2003	12666499
effect of two commercial vaccines to campylobacter fetus subspecies on heifers naturally challenged.	efficacy of two commercial vaccines containing campylobacter fetus subspecies on heifers naturally challenged by service with an infected bull was tested. sixteen heifers were vaccinated parentally two times with 3 weeks as interval, eight with commercial vaccine a and the other eight with commercial vaccine b. eight other heifers were used as unvaccinated controls. forty days after the first vaccine dose, the heifers were served by an infected bull during 60 days. measure of systemic immune res ...	2003	12675898
structure and genotypic plasticity of the campylobacter fetus sap locus.	the campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins (slps), encoded by five to nine sapa homologues, are major virulence factors. to characterize the sapa homologues further, a 65.9 kb c. fetus genomic region encompassing the sap locus from wild-type strain 23d was completely sequenced and analysed; 44 predicted open reading frames (orfs) were recognized. the 53.8 kb sap locus contained eight complete and one partial sapa homologues, varying from 2769 to 3879 bp, sharing conserved 553-2622 bp 5' regi ...	2003	12694614
failure of surface ring mutant strains of helicobacter mustelae to persistently infect the ferret stomach.	helicobacter mustelae, the gastric pathogen of ferrets, produces an array of surface ring structures which have not been described for any other member of the genus helicobacter, including h. pylori. the unique ring structures are composed of a protein named hsr. to investigate whether the hsr rings are important for colonization of the ferret stomach, ferrets specific pathogen free for h. mustelae were inoculated with an hsr-deficient mutant strain or the wild-type h. mustelae strain. quantitat ...	2003	12704104
presumptive toxoplasma gondii abortion in a sheep.	a primiparous ewe aborted in mid-gestation. toxoplasma gondii was suspected as the cause of abortion and a presumptive diagnosis of t. gondii abortion was based on histological lesions of the placenta.	2003	12715986
usefulness of the microseq 500 16s ribosomal dna-based bacterial identification system for identification of clinically significant bacterial isolates with ambiguous biochemical profiles.	due to the inadequate automation in the amplification and sequencing procedures, the use of 16s rrna gene sequence-based methods in clinical microbiology laboratories is largely limited to identification of strains that are difficult to identify by phenotypic methods. in this study, using conventional full-sequence 16s rrna gene sequencing as the "gold standard," we evaluated the usefulness of the microseq 500 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-based bacterial identification system, which involves amplifi ...	2003	12734240
humoral immune responses to s-layer-like proteins of bacteroides forsythus.	bacteroides forsythus is one of the important periodontopathic bacteria, and this microorganism is known to have an s-layer outside the outer membrane. the s-layer-like antigens were recently isolated from b. forsythus, and they were found to be 270- and 230-kda proteins in the envelope fraction. in this study, these proteins were confirmed to be specific to b. forsythus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they were clearly recognized by sera from patients with adul ...	2003	12738635
phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of campylobacter spp. isolated from austrian broiler farms: a comparison.	an identification scheme based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products (pcr-rflp) was developed to differentiate isolates of the genera campylobacter, arcobacter and helicobacter. based on the 16s rrna gene of these genera, pcr amplified a 1216-bp fragment. the amplicons were digested with the restriction enzymes rsai and ecorv. additional differentiation was obtained using a pcr-assay based on the hippuricase gene. genotyping was performed on several re ...	2003	12745378
campylobacter fetus bacteremia in a patient with adult t cell leukemia.		2003	12766848
sandwich hybridisation assay for quantitative detection of yeast rnas in crude cell lysates.	background: a rapid microtiter plate based sandwich hybridization assay was developed for detection and quantification of single rna species using magnetic beads. following solution hybridization target rna molecules were collected by biotin-streptavidin affinity binding and detected by fluorescence signal generated by alkaline phosphatase. the 18s rrna and suc2 mrna of saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as model rna target molecules. results: the sensitivity of the assay was approximately 1.2 x ...	2003	12780940
use of pcr for direct detection of campylobacter species in bovine feces.	this study reports on the use of pcr to directly detect and distinguish campylobacter species in bovine feces without enrichment. inhibitors present in feces are a major obstacle to using pcr to detect microorganisms. the qiaamp dna stool minikit was found to be an efficacious extraction method, as determined by the positive amplification of internal control dna added to bovine feces before extraction. with nested or seminested multiplex pcr, campylobacter coli, c. fetus, c. hyointestinalis, and ...	2003	12788747
[a man with campylobacter endocarditis, treatable as campylobacter fetus following identification].		2003	12892017
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in chicken rinse water by melting-peak analysis of amplicons in real-time polymerase chain reaction.	five dna extraction protocols for the detection of campylobacter spp. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were compared. a method involving triton x-100 produced template dna of sufficient quality to allow the detection of campylobacter jejuni at levels of 100 cfu/ml in pure culture. primers were designed on the basis of the cadf gene sequence. with a sybr green i real-time pcr assay, these primers amplified only sequences present in c. jejuni to produce a product with a melting temperature of 81 ...	2003	12929818
toward an international standard for pcr-based detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters: validation in a multicenter collaborative trial.	as part of a european research project, the performance of a pcr assay to detect food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters (campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari) was evaluated through an international collaborative trial involving 12 participating laboratories. dna from 10 target and 8 nontarget strains was tested, and the results were reported as the presence of a positive signal after gel electrophoresis. the overall inclusivity (sensitivity) was 93.7%, and the exclusivity (specificity) w ...	2003	12957959
role of s-layer protein antigenic diversity in the immune responses of sheep experimentally challenged with campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.	surface layer proteins (slps) are essential for induction of abortion by campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in experimentally challenged ewes. these proteins are encoded by multiple sap genes and vary in size and antigenicity. the role of slp antigenic variation during experimental ovine infection was investigated. following subcutaneous challenge, the slps were highly antigenic, and antibodies were detected in serum, milk, bile, and urine. fecal anti-slp antibodies were detected only in animals c ...	2003	12496160
cd4+cd25+ t(r) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms.	cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t (t(r)) cells can inhibit a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which they suppress immune responses in vivo remain unresolved. here, we have used helicobacter hepaticus infection of t cell-reconstituted recombination-activating gene (rag)(-/-) mice as a model to study the ability of cd4(+)cd25(+) t(r) cells to inhibit bacterially triggered intestinal inflammation. h. hepaticus infection elicited both t cell-mediated and t cell ...	2003	12515818
comparison of recovery of blood culture isolates from two bact/alert fan aerobic blood culture bottles with recovery from one fan aerobic bottle and one fan anaerobic bottle.	traditionally, a routine blood culture for adult patients consisted of paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles, but the routine use of an anaerobic blood culture bottle has been challenged in recent years. in this study, we compared the recovery of two fan aerobic bottles with one fan aerobic and one fan anaerobic bottle. each pair of bottles was collected by a separate collection procedure, and each bottle held a recommended 8- to 12-ml draw. a total of 704 clinically significant isolates were rec ...	2003	12517851
rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from sterile or nonsterile clinical samples by a new molecular assay.	a rapid procedure was developed for detection and identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) directly from sterile sites or mixed flora samples (e.g., nose or inguinal swabs). after a rapid conditioning of samples, the method consists of two main steps: (i) immunomagnetic enrichment in s. aureus and (ii) amplification-detection profile on dna extracts using multiplex quantitative pcr (5'-exonuclease qpcr, taqman). the triplex qpcr assay measures simultaneously the follo ...	2003	12517857
evaluation of 11 pcr assays for species-level identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	we examined the sensitivity and specificity of 11 pcr assays described for the species identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using 111 type, reference, and field strains of c. jejuni, c. coli, and campylobacter lari. for six assays, an additional 21 type strains representing related campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter species were also included. pcr tests were initially established in the laboratory by optimizing conditions with respect to five type and referen ...	2003	12517869
epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated in québec, canada, from 1983 to 2000.	the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from 103 patients from 1983 to 2000 in québec, canada, were determined. the median number of patients infected annually with this bacteria was seven, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 population. the male-to-female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. the patients originated from 13 of the 18 québec socioeconomic regions. the age range of the patients was 6 months to 90 years old, 53% being > or = 70 ...	2003	12517895
cellulitis and septic arthritis caused by campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.	bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria occasionally causes soft tissue infections, including cellulitis and septic arthritis. we describe 1 patient each with campylobacter fetus cellulitis and septic arthritis and review the world literature with regard to c. fetus and c. jejuni infections at these sites. altogether, 14 patients with cellulitis (12 due to c. fetus and 2 due to c. jejuni) and 20 patients with septic arthritis (15 due to c. fetus and 4 caused by c. jejuni) have been described ...	2003	17043445
evaluation of acridine orange staining as a replacement of subcultures for bact/alert-positive, gram stain-negative blood cultures.	among 18,424 blood culture sets processed during a study period of 18 months, 85 bottles that were positive by the bact/alert system were gram stain negative. both acridine orange staining and subcultures detected microorganisms in a total of 12 bottles. acridine orange staining can replace subcultures of false-positive blood cultures.	2003	14605172
fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism probabilistic database for identification of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections.	the ability of the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) technique to identify bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections (utis) was investigated. faflp was carried out using the single primer combination msei plus ct and ecori plus 0, and information-rich faflp profiles were generated from all 69 uti isolates studied, which comprised both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria encompassing eight genera. the genetic relatedness of these 69 bacteria was determined by ...	2002	12149332
campylobacter fetus adheres to and enters int 407 cells.	campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of humans and ungulates and is normally transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water with infection resulting in mild to severe enteritis. however, despite clinical evidence that c. fetus infection often involves transient bacteremic states from which systemic infection may develop and the frequent isolation of c. fetus from extra-intestinal sites, this organism displays very poor invasiveness in in vitro models of infection. i ...	2002	12556127
effect of transport enrichment medium, transport time, and growth medium on the detection of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.	the combination of medium and growth conditions, including transport enrichment medium (tem), transport time, tem incubation time, and growth medium, that best support campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis while inhibiting contaminants was studied. the 3 tems evaluated, weybridge, cary-blair, and 0.85% saline solution, were inoculated with preputial smegma spiked with c. fetus subsp. venerealis and held in the laboratory for 4 or 24 hours before inoculation onto growth medium. the effect of over ...	2002	12680641
characterization of an autotrophic sulfide-oxidizing marine arcobacter sp. that produces filamentous sulfur.	a coastal marine sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic bacterium produces hydrophilic filamentous sulfur as a novel metabolic end product. phylogenetic analysis placed the organism in the genus arcobacter in the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria. this motile vibrioid organism can be considered difficult to grow, preferring to grow under microaerophilic conditions in flowing systems in which a sulfide-oxygen gradient has been established. purified cell cultures were maintained by using this appro ...	2002	11772641
evaluation of a novel heminested pcr assay based on the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for detection of helicobacter pylori in saliva and dental plaque.	a novel heminested pcr protocol was developed for the specific detection of helicobacter pylori at low copy numbers. a set of primers specific for the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene (glmm) of h. pylori produced a 765-bp fragment that was used as template for the heminested primer pair delineating a 496-bp fragment. by using agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the heminested pcr-amplified products, amplification of h. pylori genomic dna was achieved at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg, eq ...	2002	11773117
succinate:quinone oxidoreductases from epsilon-proteobacteria.	the epsilon-proteobacteria form a subdivision of the proteobacteria including the genera wolinella, campylobacter, helicobacter, sulfurospirillum, arcobacter and dehalospirillum. the majority of these bacteria are oxidase-positive microaerophiles indicating an electron transport chain with molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptor. however, numerous members of the epsilon-proteobacteria also grow in the absence of oxygen. the common presence of menaquinone and fumarate reduction activity su ...	2002	11803019
efficient isolation of campylobacters from stools: what are we missing?		2002	11896083
campylobacter fetus bacteraemia in a renal graft recipient.		2002	11917074
development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of the humoral response of cattle vaccinated against campylobacter fetus.	to develop a reliable elisa by use of a unique antigen preparation for serum igg quantification after vaccination against campylobacter fetus in cattle.	2002	11939324
development and application of a new scheme for typing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	a molecular typing approach for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was developed with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 9.6-kb pcr-amplified portion of the lipopolysaccharide gene cluster. sixty-one penner serotype reference strains were analyzed with this new genotyping scheme, and 32 genogroups were found. eleven additional genogroups were obtained from 87 clinical c. jejuni strains tested. this molecular typing method shows a correlation with the penner heat-stab ...	2002	11980961
thymoma associated with hypogammaglobulinemia (good's syndrome): report of a case.	a 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia with thymoma (good's syndrome). tests for immunological function showed an abnormality in humoral immunity with decreases in the proportion of cells bearing b-cell markers in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. the patient was found to have campylobacter fetus sepsis caused by the hypogammaglobulinemia due to humoral immunodeficiency, and he was given gamma-globulin supplement. thymectomy was performed due to ...	2002	11991514
effect of chlortetracycline in a trace mineral salt mix on fertility traits in beef cattle females in florida.	the study objective was to determine the effect of chlortetracycline in an ad libitum trace-mineralized salt mix given to heifers before and(or) during bull exposure on the proportion pregnant and the time to conception in a fixed breeding period. heifers (n = 768), 13 to 15 mo of age, were individually identified, immunized (leptospira, campylobacter fetus), examined (body condition score, vaginal lesion score, bw), and randomly allocated within 2 x 2 factorial blocks of treatments where trace ...	2002	12002324
detection of campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera by a dot-elisa using acid extracts from c. fetus ssp. fetus and c. jejuni strains and comparison with a complement fixation test.	in this study, a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was evaluated in comparison with a complement fixation test (cft) for the detection of campylobacter antibodies in sheep sera. acid glycine extracts (age) of both campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and campylobacter jejuni strains that had been isolated from the gall-bladder of slaughtered sheep was used as antigen in both tests. a total of 153 sheep sera from aborted (74) and slaughtered (79) sheep were examined by both dot-elisa an ...	2002	12019946
walkerton, 2 years later: "memory fades very quickly".		2002	12041857
campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis surface array protein from bovine isolates in brazil.	the electrophoretic patterns of 31 campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis capsular surface array protein (sap) isolated from bovines in reproduction from different regions of brazil were analyzed. the persistence of the bacteria in the reproductive tract of naturally infected bovines and the dynamic of sap expression were also evaluated. cervical mucous and prepucial aspirates from five animals naturally infected were cultured for isolation of campylobacter fetus and the saps extracted from t ...	2002	12070688
monoclonal antibodies specific for campylobacter fetus lipopolysaccharides.	four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (m1357, m1360, m1823 and m1825) which reacted with campylobacter fetus lipopolysaccharide (lps) core region epitopes were produced and characterized. reactivity of these mabs with c. fetus core lps epitopes was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with whole cell proteinase k digests and phenol-water extracted lps, and by immunoblotting with proteinase k digests. the specificities of the four mabs were evaluated using an indirect elisa. one of ...	2002	12079745
patterns of sequence conservation in the s-layer proteins and related sequences in clostridium difficile.	clostridium difficile is the etiological agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. among the factors that may play a role in infection are s-layer proteins (slps). previous work has shown these to consist mainly of two components, resulting from the cleavage of a precursor encoded by the slpa gene. the high-molecular-weight (mw) subunit is related both to amidases from b. subtilis and to at least another 28 gene products in c. difficile strain 630. to gain insight into the functions of the slps a ...	2002	12081960
clostridium difficile genotyping based on slpa variable region in s-layer gene sequence: an alternative to serotyping.	recent investigations of clostridium difficile cell wall components have revealed the presence of an s-layer encoded by the slpa gene. the aim of this study was to determine whether slpa genotyping can be used as an alternative to serotyping. the variable regions of slpa were amplified by pcr from serogroup reference strains and various clinical isolates chosen randomly. amplified products were analyzed after restriction enzyme digestion and dna sequencing. the sequences of the variable region o ...	2002	12089261
growth of campylobacter jejuni supported by respiration of fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, trimethylamine-n-oxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide requires oxygen.	the human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic bacterium with a respiratory metabolism. the genome sequence of c. jejuni strain 11168 reveals the presence of genes that encode terminal reductases that are predicted to allow the use of a wide range of alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, including fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, and n- or s-oxides. all of these reductase activities were present in cells of strain 11168, and the molybdoenzyme encoded by cj0264c was ...	2002	12107136
recurrent septicemia due to campylobacter fetus and campylobacter lari in an immunocompetent patient.	we describe a severe and recurrent septicemia due to campylobacter in a 75-year-old immunocompetent patient. two campylobacter strains were detected in several blood cultures. campylobacter fetus and campylobacter lari were identified with pcr tests based on species-specific nucleotide sequences for the 16s rrna gene.	2002	12120946
homologs of the rml enzymes from salmonella enterica are responsible for dtdp-beta-l-rhamnose biosynthesis in the gram-positive thermophile aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus dsm 10155.	the glycan chains of the surface layer (s-layer) glycoprotein from the gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium aneurinibacillus (formerly bacillus) thermoaerophilus strain dsm 10155 are composed of l-rhamnose- and d-glycero-d-manno-heptose-containing disaccharide repeating units which are linked to the s-layer polypeptide via core structures that have variable lengths and novel o-glycosidic linkages. in this work we investigated the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of thymidine diphospho-l-rha ...	2002	12147463
campylobacter-induced fetal death in a rhesus monkey.	a pregnant 4-year-old rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) was presented with a history of acute vaginal bleeding. physical examination revealed an open cervix. an ultrasound scan demonstrated a viable early third-trimester fetus, approximately 16 weeks of gestational age. hematology results showed that the monkey was anemic, with a normal leukogram and döhle bodies. a subsequent cervical culture was positive for campylobacter fetus. the fetus died 3 days later, and a necropsy of the fetus and placent ...	2002	12243477
campylobacter-associated guillain-barré syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatitis c cirrhosis: a case report.	guillain-barré syndrome is characterized by acute paralysis and ascending neuropathy due to an inflammatory attack on the myelin of peripheral nerves. about 2/3 of patients with guillain-barré syndrome have an infection 1-3 weeks before the onset of the symptoms. guillain-barré syndrome has rarely been reported after solid organ transplantation (18 cases with three cases after liver transplantation), and these cases are mostly related to a cmv infection. we describe a 64-year-old male patient wh ...	2002	12270750
long-term antibody responses following human infection with campylobacter jejuni.	epidemiological evidence suggests prior infection of humans by campylobacter jejuni leads to protection against disease following further exposure. it is known that infections elicit strong antibody responses following the onset of disease and that antibody levels are elevated in putatively immune populations. to determine if systemic and mucosal antibodies induced by a confirmed infection remain at elevated levels for prolonged periods, repeat serum, saliva and urine samples were taken from cam ...	2002	12296859
detection of helicobacter colonization of the murine lower bowel by genus-specific pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.	helicobacter genus-specific pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis can detect and speciate the helicobacters that colonize the lower bowel of laboratory mice. the method's sensitivity is comparable to that of species-specific pcr and may detect unnamed helicobacter species. this approach should prove useful for commercial and research murine facilities.	2002	12324369
[a case of meningoencephalitis and spondylodiscitis caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infection].	campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (c. fetus) is a gram-negative, curved, rod-shaped microaerophile, occasionally may cause meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. this report documents the case of 49-year-old man with lumbar spondylodiscitis and meningoencephalitis caused by c. fetus infection. on admission, the patient was delirious and severe inflammatory reactions were seen in his serum. cerebrospinal fluid (cfs) revealed normal glucose concentration and moderate mononuclear leukocytosis. ...	2002	12355851
thermo-tolerant campylobacter fetus bacteraemia identified by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing: an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients.	eight campylobacter isolates that were able to grow at 25 degrees c and 42 degrees c and had the same biochemical profile were isolated from the blood of eight immunocompromised patients. conventional biochemical tests were unable to determine whether they were isolates of thermo-tolerant c. fetus, h2s-negative c hyointestinalis, or a new campylobacter species. sequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna genes showed that all eight isolates had the same nucleotide sequence and this was identical to that ...	2002	12358064
structural analysis and evidence for dynamic emergence of bacillus anthracis s-layer networks.	surface layers (s-layers), which form the outermost layers of many bacteria and archaea, consist of protein molecules arranged in two-dimensional crystalline arrays. bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, responsible for anthrax, synthesizes two abundant surface proteins: sap and ea1. regulatory studies showed that ea1 and sap appear sequentially at the surface of the parental strain. sap and ea1 can form arrays. the structural parameters of s-layers from mutant strains (e ...	2002	12426331
isolation of three new surface layer protein genes (slp) from lactobacillus brevis atcc 14869 and characterization of the change in their expression under aerated and anaerobic conditions.	two new surface layer (s-layer) proteins (slpb and slpd) were characterized, and three slp genes (slpb, slpc, and slpd) were isolated, sequenced, and studied for their expression in lactobacillus brevis neotype strain atcc 14869. under different growth conditions, l. brevis strain 14869 was found to form two colony types, smooth (s) and rough (r), and to express the s-layer proteins differently. under aerobic conditions r-colony type cells produced slpb and slpd proteins, whereas under anaerobic ...	2002	12446628
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter coli in different ecological guilds and taxa of migrating birds.	a total of 1,794 migrating birds trapped at a coastal site in southern sweden were sampled for detection of campylobacter spp. all isolates phenotypically identified as campylobacter jejuni and a subset of those identified as non-c. jejuni were identified to the species level by pcr-based techniques. c. jejuni was found in 5.0% of the birds, campylobacter lari was found in 5.6%, and campylobacter coli was found in 0.9%. an additional 10.7% of the tested birds were infected with hippurate hydroly ...	2002	12450810
isolation of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus from a patient with cellulitis.	campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is a gram-negative, slender, spirally curved bacterial pathogen. it has been isolated from human blood, spinal fluid, and abscesses, but cellulitis associated with bacteremia is rare. we report its isolation from a blood culture of a human patient with cellulitis as well as difficulties encountered in determining the identity of the subspecies of c. fetus.	2002	12454199
campylobacter surface-layers (s-layers) and immune evasion.	many pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms for evading host immune systems. one evasion mechanism is manifest by the surface layer (s-layer), a paracrystalline protein structure composed of s-layer proteins (slps). the s-layer, possessed by 2 campylobacter species (c. fetus and c. rectus), is external to the bacterial outer membrane and can have multiple functions in immune avoidance. c. fetus is a pathogen of ungulates and immunocompromised humans, in whom it causes disseminated bloodstre ...	2002	16013216
determination of helicobacter pylori virulence by simple gene analysis of the cag pathogenicity island.	nucleic acid amplification was performed for five loci in the cag pathogenicity island (pai) of helicobacter pylori (comprising caga, the caga promoter region, cage, cagt, and the left end of cagii [lec]), and gastric inflammation in patients was evaluated. of 204 h. pylori isolates from japanese patients (53 with peptic ulcer, 55 with gastric cancer, and 96 with chronic gastritis), 197 (96.6%) were positive for all five loci. two isolates (1%) were negative for all five loci, and five isolates ...	2001	11139216
porins and lipopolysaccharide induce apoptosis in human spermatozoa.	treatment of human spermatozoa with porins or lipopolysaccharide (lps) increases spontaneous apoptosis in these cells. porins and lps were extracted from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and pasteurella multocida and were mixed with human spermatozoa for detection of levels of apoptosis.	2001	11139223
emergence of diverse helicobacter species in the pathogenesis of gastric and enterohepatic diseases.	since helicobacter pylori was first cultivated from human gastric biopsy specimens in 1982, it has become apparent that many related species can often be found colonizing the mucosal surfaces of humans and other animals. these other helicobacter species can be broadly grouped according to whether they colonize the gastric or enterohepatic niche. gastric helicobacter species are widely distributed in mammalian hosts and are often nearly universally prevalent. in many cases they cause an inflammat ...	2001	11148003
endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria.	the etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. however, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as lactobacillus spp., klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic corynebacterium, salmonella, gemella, campylobacter, aeromonas, yersinia, nocardia, pasteurella, listeria, or erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or ...	2001	11148009
competitive exclusion of heterologous campylobacter spp. in chicks.	chicken and human isolates of campylobacter jejuni were used to provide oral challenge of day-old broiler chicks. the isolation ratio of the competing challenge strains was monitored and varied, depending upon the isolates used. a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of the flagellin gene (flaa) was used to discriminate between the chick-colonizing isolates. our observations indicated that the selected c. jejuni colonizers dominated the niche provided by the chicken ceca. chicken i ...	2001	11157253
s-layer variation in bacillus stearothermophilus pv72 is based on dna rearrangements between the chromosome and the naturally occurring megaplasmids.	bacillus stearothermophilus pv72 expresses different s-layer genes (sbsa and sbsb) under different growth conditions. no stretches of significant sequence identity between sbsa and sbsb were detected. in order to investigate s-layer gene regulation in b. stearothermophilus pv72, we characterized the upstream regulatory region of sbsa and sbsb by sequencing and primer extension analysis. both genes are transcribed from unique but different promoters, independently of the growth phase. localizatio ...	2001	11160098
n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone-mediated regulation of the lip secretion system in serratia liquefaciens mg1.	the analysis of serratia liquefaciens mg1 'luxab insertion mutants that are responsive to n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone revealed that expression of lipb is controlled by the swr quorum-sensing system. lipb is part of the lip exporter, a type i secretion system, which is responsible for the secretion of extracellular lipase, metalloprotease, and s-layer protein.	2001	11160117
evaluation of numerical analysis of pfge-dna profiles for differentiating campylobacter fetus subspecies by comparison with phenotypic, pcr and 16s rdna sequencing methods.	to assess the efficacy of numerical analysis of pfge-dna profiles for identification and differentiation of campylobacter fetus subspecies.	2001	11168732
thermophilic multidrug-resistant campylobacter fetus infection with hypersplenism and histiocytic phagocytosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we present a case report of a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and campylobacter fetus infection with a number of unusual clinical and microbiological features. the patient had prominent gastrointestinal symptoms, splenic infarction, splenomegaly with hypersplenism, and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in the spleen and lymph nodes; the organism displayed growth on campy-selective blood agar, thermotolerance, and resistance to quinolones, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime ...	2001	11170921
characterization of culture-derived spiral bacteria by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis.	broad range amplification and sequence analysis of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was used to identify three spiral-form organisms. the agents were identified as campylobacter fetus, "flexispira rappini", and borrelia burgdorferi, respectively, using either proprietary or public sequence databases. in each case, the rdna sequence showed 99-100% homology with known sequence data. sequence-based analysis for each isolate required only 2-3 days, whereas traditional means of identification took 8-12 day ...	2001	11173192
[aortic valve infective endocarditis due to campylobacter fetus].		2001	11215462
evidence for a genetically stable strain of campylobacter jejuni.	the genetic stability of selected epidemiologically linked strains of campylobacter jejuni during outbreak situations was investigated by using subtyping techniques. strains isolated from geographically related chicken flock outbreaks in 1998 and from a human outbreak in 1981 were investigated. there was little similarity in the strains obtained from the different chicken flock outbreaks; however, the strains from each of three chicken outbreaks, including strains isolated from various environme ...	2001	11229909
campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus bacteremia associated with chorioamnionitis and intact fetal membranes.	campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus was isolated from the blood of a patient with chorioamnionitis and intact fetal membranes. the mother improved after appropriate antibiotic treatment, but the infant died of neonatal infection a few minutes after delivery. this is a very unusual etiology of intra-amniotic infection.	2001	11233847
evidence that the campylobacter fetus sap locus is an ancient genomic constituent with origins before mammals and reptiles diverged.	campylobacter fetus bacteria, isolated from both mammals and reptiles, may be either subsp. fetus or subsp. venerealis and either serotype a or serotype b. surface layer proteins, expressed and secreted by genes in the sap locus, play an important role in c. fetus virulence. to assess whether the sap locus represents a pathogenicity island and to gain further insights into c. fetus evolution, we examined several c. fetus genes in 18 isolates. all of the isolates had 5 to 9 sapa or sapb homologs. ...	2001	11254579
escherichia coli cdtb mediates cytolethal distending toxin cell cycle arrest.	we previously reported that the cdtb polypeptide of escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) shares significant pattern-specific homology with mammalian type i dnases. in addition, the dnase-related residues of cdtb are required for cellular toxicity. here we demonstrate that purified cdtb converts supercoiled plasmid dna to relaxed and linear forms and promotes cell cycle arrest when combined with an e. coli extract containing cdta and cdtc. cdtb alone had no effect on hela cells, how ...	2001	11292766
sequence and antigenic variability of the helicobacter mustelae surface ring protein hsr.	we have identified an array of more than 500 repetitive sequences flanking the hsr gene, which encodes the major surface protein of the ferret pathogen helicobacter mustelae. the repeats show identity exclusively to the amino-terminal half of hsr. analysis of hsr from three strains indicated variability of exposed epitopes. characterization of an hsr mutant showed that hsr is not an adhesin.	2001	11292773
survival of campylobacter jejuni during stationary phase: evidence for the absence of a phenotypic stationary-phase response.	when campylobacter jejuni nctc 11351 was grown microaerobically in rich medium at 39 degrees c, entry into stationary phase was followed by a rapid decline in viable numbers to leave a residual population of 1% of the maximum number or less. loss of viability was preceded by sublethal injury, which was seen as a loss of the ability to grow on media containing 0.1% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium chloride. resistance of cells to mild heat stress (50 degrees c) or aeration was greatest in exponen ...	2001	11319108
[a case of infected subdural hematoma due to campyrobacter fetus].	a 20-year-old male presented fever, nausea and headache 1 week after eating uncooked liver. on admission, it was revealed he had suffered a closed head injury 3 months before without unconsciousness. on admission, computed tomography scan showed a left chronic subdural hematoma. gd-dtpa magnetic resonance images revealed unusual enhancement of the capsule and linear enhancement of the subarachnoid space. the patient underwent burr hole irrigation and drainage. the culture of the hematoma content ...	2001	11321797
rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of campylobacter jejuni.	we developed a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) protocol for subtyping campylobacter isolates based on the standardized protocols used by pulsenet laboratories for the subtyping of other food-borne bacterial pathogens. various combinations of buffers, reagents, reaction conditions (e.g., cell suspension concentration, lysis time, lysis temperature, and restriction enzyme concentration), and electrophoretic parameters were evaluated in an effort to devise a protocol that is simple, r ...	2001	11326009
comparison of two methods for serotyping campylobacter spp.	two serotyping schemes (penner and laboratory of enteric pathogens [lep]) based on soluble heat-stable antigens were used to analyze 3,788 campylobacter sp. isolates. a significant percentage (36.6%) was untypeable using lep serotyping; greater cross-reaction was also observed. the relative discrimination capabilities of the techniques were similar. penner serotyping fulfils more of the requisite criteria for typing methods.	2001	11326013
[femoral aneurysm infected by campylobacter fetus].		2001	11333725
intrachromosomal recombination within the vsp locus of mycoplasma bovis generates a chimeric variable surface lipoprotein antigen.	a family of 13 related but divergent vsp genes was recently found in the chromosome of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma bovis. the vsp genomic locus was shown to undergo high-frequency rearrangements and to mediate phenotypic switching of variable lipoprotein antigens (vsps) on the mycoplasma cell surface. here we report that the vsp gene repertoire is subject to changes. genetic analysis of m. bovis clonal isolates displaying distinct vsp phenotypes showed that an intergenic recombination event b ...	2001	11349034
comparative study using amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting, pcr genotyping, and phenotyping to differentiate campylobacter fetus strains isolated from animals.	a collection of campylobacter fetus strains, including both c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis, were phenotypically identified to the subspecies level and genotypically typed by pcr and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. phenotypic subspecies determination methods were unreliable. genotyping of the strains by pcr and aflp showed a clear discrimination between the two subspecies.	2001	11376071
cdta, cdtb, and cdtc form a tripartite complex that is required for cytolethal distending toxin activity.	campylobacter jejuni encodes a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that causes cells to arrest in the g(2)/m transition phase of the cell cycle. highly related toxins are also produced by other important bacterial pathogens. cdt activity requires the function of three genes: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. recent studies have established that cdtb is the active subunit of cdt, exerting its effect as a nuclease that damages the dna and triggers cell cycle arrest. microinjection of cdtb into target cells led ...	2001	11401974
[pleural empyema and pericardial effusion due to campylobacter fetus in an immunocompetent adult].		2001	11412511
comparison of genotypes and serotypes of campylobacter jejuni isolated from danish wild mammals and birds and from broiler flocks and humans.	the incidence of human infection with campylobacter jejuni is increasing in most developed countries and the reason for this is largely unknown. although poultry meat is considered to be a major source, it is evident that other reservoirs exist, possibly common to humans and poultry. environmental sources are believed to be important reservoirs of campylobacter infection in broiler chicken flocks. we investigated the potential importance of wildlife as a source of infection in commercial poultry ...	2001	11425730
evaluation of methods for subtyping campylobacter jejuni during an outbreak involving a food handler.	in october 1998, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) assisted in an investigation of an outbreak of campylobacteriosis at a school in salina, kansas. twenty-two isolates were submitted from the kansas state public health laboratory to cdc, 9 associated with the outbreak and 13 epidemiologically unrelated sporadic isolates. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using smai and sali was initially used to validate the epidemiologic data. we then tested the ability of other subtypi ...	2001	11427543
helicobacter winghamensis sp. nov., a novel helicobacter sp. isolated from patients with gastroenteritis.	from 1997 to 1999 seven isolates of campylobacter-like organisms from five patients that were exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis, including fever, stomach malaise, and diarrhea, were investigated. the organisms were isolated from stool samples and found to exhibit a diverse colony morphology; hence multiple isolates were submitted from one of the patients. all isolates were found to be identical. the organisms were catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate negative but oxidase and ...	2001	11427547
genomic heterogeneity and o-antigenic diversity of campylobacter upsaliensis and campylobacter helveticus strains isolated from dogs and cats in germany.	a serotyping scheme based on heat-stable surface antigens was established for 101 campylobacter upsaliensis and 10 campylobacter helveticus strains isolated from 261 dogs and 46 cats of different ages originating from two geographically distinct regions in germany. the prevalence of c. upsaliensis varied between 27.8% in juvenile dogs (<12 months of age) and 55.4% in adult dogs (p < 0.05). of the cats, 19.6% harbored c. upsaliensis, whereas 21.7% carried c. helveticus. of the c. upsaliensis isol ...	2001	11427567
cytolethal distending toxin demonstrates genotoxic activity in a yeast model.	cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are multisubunit proteins produced by a variety of bacterial pathogens that cause enlargement, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. while their function remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that they can act as intracellular dnases in mammalian cells. here we establish a novel yeast model for understanding cdt-associated disease. expression of the cdtb subunit in yeast causes a g2/m arrest, as seen in mammalian cells. cdtb toxicity is not ...	2001	11500452
prevalence, antigenic specificity, and bactericidal activity of poultry anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies.	poultry are considered the major reservoir for campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human food-borne diarrhea. to understand the ecology of c. jejuni and develop strategies to control c. jejuni infection in the animal reservoir, we initiated studies to examine the potential role of anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies in protecting young broiler chickens from infection by c. jejuni. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the prevalence of anti-c. jejuni antibodies in ...	2001	11525990