Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| evaluation of four cell lines for assay of infectious adenoviruses in water samples. | human viral contamination in drinking and recreational waters poses health risks. the application of pcr-based molecular technology has advanced our knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of human viruses in water; however, it has provided no information on viral viability and infectivity. four human cell lines were compared for their sensitivity to different serotypes of human adenoviruses using the tcid50 test. the sensitivity of each cell line varied with different serotypes of adenovirus ... | 2009 | 19590132 |
| increased hemoglobin associated with vegf inhibitors in advanced renal cell carcinoma. | we retrospectively analyzed whether increased hemoglobin is a surrogate biomarker of efficacy for vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) inhibitors in advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc) patients. twelve patients were identified who had received bevacizumab alone or as combination therapy. eleven patients experienced a rise in hemoglobin. median change was 1.6 g/dl (0-4.0). degree of peak increase correlated with longer progression-free survival (pfs) in metastatic patients: increase of < 15% ... | 2009 | 19603304 |
| influenza vaccination and mortality: differentiating vaccine effects from bias. | it is widely believed that influenza (flu) vaccination of the elderly reduces all-cause mortality, yet randomized trials for assessing vaccine effectiveness are not feasible and the observational research has been controversial. efforts to differentiate vaccine effectiveness from selection bias have been problematic. the authors examined mortality before, during, and after 9 flu seasons in relation to time-varying vaccination status in an elderly california population in which 115,823 deaths occ ... | 2009 | 19625341 |
| repeated west nile virus epidemic transmission in kern county, california, 2004-2007. | west nile virus (wnv) has remained epidemic in kern county, ca, since its introduction in 2004 through 2007 when the human case annual incidence increased from 6-8 to 17 per 100,000, respectively. the 2007 increase in human infection was associated with contradicting surveillance indicators, including severe drought, warm spring but cool summer temperature anomalies, decreased rural and urban mosquito abundance but increased early season infection in urban culex quinquefasciatus say, moderate av ... | 2009 | 19198528 |
| what's needed next: a culture of candor. | if there's one thing that the past decade's business disasters should teach us, it's that we need to stop evaluating corporate leaders simply on the basis of how much wealth they create for investors. a healthier yardstick would be this: the extent to which leaders create firms that are economically, ethically, and socially sustainable. the first step toward accomplishing that task is to create a culture of candor. companies can't innovate, respond to stakeholder needs, or run efficiently unless ... | 2009 | 19496471 |
| new perspectives in human stem cell therapeutic research. | human stem cells are in evaluation in clinical stem cell trials, primarily as autologous bone marrow studies, autologous and allogenic mesenchymal stem cell trials, and some allogenic neural stem cell transplantation projects. safety and efficacy are being addressed for a number of disease state applications. there is considerable data supporting safety of bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplants but the efficacy data are variable and of mixed benefit. mechanisms of action of many of th ... | 2009 | 19519878 |
| farmworker children's residential non-dietary exposure estimates from micro-level activity time series. | farmworkers' children may have increased pesticide exposure through dermal absorption and non-dietary ingestion, routes that are difficult to measure and model. the cumulative aggregate simulation of exposure (case) model, integrates the complexity of human behavior and variability of exposure processes by combining micro-level activity time series (mlats) and mechanistic exposure equations. case was used to estimate residential non-dietary organophosphate pesticide exposure (i.e., inhalation, d ... | 2009 | 19744713 |
| bartonella quintana in body lice and head lice from homeless persons, san francisco, california, usa. | bartonella quintana is a bacterium that causes trench fever in humans. past reports have shown bartonella spp. infections in homeless populations in san francisco, california, usa. the california department of public health in collaboration with san francisco project homeless connect initiated a program in 2007 to collect lice from the homeless to test for b. quintana and to educate the homeless and their caregivers on prevention and control of louse-borne disease. during 2007-2008, 33.3% of bod ... | 2009 | 19523290 |
| the incidence and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster among children and adolescents after implementation of varicella vaccination. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccine strain may reactivate to cause herpes zoster. limited data suggest that the risk of herpes zoster in vaccinated children could be lower than in children with naturally acquired varicella. we examine incidence trends, risk and epidemiologic and clinical features of herpes zoster disease among children and adolescents by vaccination status. | 2009 | 19536039 |
| the complete genome of klassevirus - a novel picornavirus in pediatric stool. | diarrhea kills 2 million children worldwide each year, yet an etiological agent is not found in approximately 30-50% of cases. picornaviral genera such as enterovirus, kobuvirus, cosavirus, parechovirus, hepatovirus, teschovirus, and cardiovirus have all been found in human and animal diarrhea. modern technologies, especially deep sequencing, allow rapid, high-throughput screening of clinical samples such as stool for new infectious agents associated with human disease. | 2009 | 19538752 |
| a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to assess efficacy of pioglitazone on in-stent neointimal suppression in type 2 diabetes: popps (prevention of in-stent neointimal proliferation by pioglitazone study). | the aim of this study was to clarify whether pioglitazone suppresses in-stent neointimal proliferation and reduces restenosis and target lesion revascularization (tlr) after percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). | 2009 | 19539256 |
| a randomized controlled trial evaluating an alternative mouse or forearm support on change in median and ulnar nerve motor latency at the wrist. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an alternative mouse and/or a forearm support board on nerve function at the wrist among engineers. | 2009 | 19142961 |
| accuracy and precision of the volume-concentration method for urban stormwater modeling. | land use based models have been widely used to estimate stormwater pollutant loads for establishing standards and selecting best management practices. land use information is required to assign imperviousness or runoff coefficients and event mean concentrations for selected pollutants to the areas of the watersheds. this approach is useful to estimate the total mass discharges, but is dependent on various assumptions for parameters, which have rarely been validated with full-scale field data. th ... | 2009 | 19439339 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (oh-pcbs) in livers of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from san francisco bay, california and gulf of maine. | bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in marine mammals positioned at the top of the food chain is of toxicological concern. livers from four pups and ten adult harbor seals (phoca vitulina) stranded in san francisco bay (sfb) and the gulf of maine (gom) were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (oh-pcbs). we used gc-ecd and gc-nci/ms to investigate the presence of 28 pcbs and 8 oh-pcb metabolites, respectively. sigma(28)pcb concentrations (di- to oc ... | 2009 | 19150735 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infections in a school - new york city, april 2009. | on april 24, 2009, cdc reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) infection in texas and california. the strain identified in u.s. patients was confirmed by cdc as genetically similar to viruses subsequently isolated from patients in mexico. since april 24, the number of cases in the united states and elsewhere has continued to rise. as of april 28, approximately half (45) of all u.s. cases of s-oiv infection had been confirmed among students and staff member ... | 2009 | 19444151 |
| genetic polymorphisms in the thioredoxin 2 (txn2) gene and risk for spina bifida. | txn2 encodes human thioredoxin 2, a small redox protein important in cellular antioxidant defenses, as well as in the regulation of apoptosis. txn2 knockout mice fail to complete neural tube closure by e10.5 and die in utero. we hypothesized that genetic variation in human txn2 gene may alter the function of the encoded protein in a manner associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects (ntds). a dna re-sequencing effort of the human txn2 gene was taken. after a variation in the promot ... | 2009 | 19165900 |
| atmospheric chemistry: the man who smells forests. | 2009 | 19478760 | |
| hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in five pediatric patients - four states, 2009. | hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a reportable infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate, transmitted to humans by exposure to rodents. each year, 20--40 cases of hps occur in the united states; cases in persons aged <17 years make up fewer than 7% of those cases, and cases in children aged <10 years are exceptionally rare. cdc received reports of five pediatric cases of hps occurring during may 16--november 25, 2009, among children aged 6--14 years from arizona, california, colorad ... | 2009 | 20032925 |
| do wages matter?: a backward bend in the 2004 california rn labor supply. | using data from the 2004 california board of registered nursing survey, a two-stage least-square equation was estimated to examine the effect of wages on hours worked by female registered nurses. wages were found to have a nonlinear effect on hours worked, with a backward bending supply curve. wages had a positive effect on the average hours worked per week up to $24.99 per hour and a negative effect between $30.00 and $100.00 per hour when compared with the wage category of $25.00 to $29.99. re ... | 2009 | 20022915 |
| swine-origin influenza virus (soiv) in louisiana, 2009. | since the new flu strain--named a(h1n1) or swine origin influenza virus (soiv) to differentiate it from the seasonal h1n1--first emerged in mexico and the united states in april, it has spread to 74 countries around the globe. the objectives of this article are to describe the initial stages of the epidemic in louisiana and to draw some epidemiologic lessons for the future, which could be particularly useful if the pandemic continues during the winter season 2009-2010. between april 22, 2009 (da ... | 2009 | 20108825 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding influenza prevention and control measures among hispanics in san diego county--2006. | influenza vaccination is the most effective method to avoid influenza virus infection and its potential serious complications; however, influenza vaccine is underutilized especially among minority groups. | 2009 | 20073136 |
| collecting biomeasures in the panel study of income dynamics: ethical and legal concerns. | as social surveys like the panel study of income dynamics (psid) consider adding biomeasures to their data collections, they will face complicated ethical, legal, and practical issues. both fairly and not, research participants are likely to be more concerned about their biomeasures than about their social data. this heightened concern will force investigators to pay more attention to difficult issues such as the research participant's control over subsequent uses of the samples or data, the par ... | 2009 | 20183909 |
| mercury residues and productivity in osprey and grebes from a mine-dominated ecosystem. | mercury (hg) and reproduction and status of western and clark's grebes (aechmophorus sp.) and osprey (pandion haliaetus) were studied from 1992 through 2001 and then less intensely through 2006 at clear lake, california, usa. remediation to reduce hg loading from the sulphur bank mercury mine was initiated in 1992. mercury in grebe feathers declined monotonically from approximately 23 mg/kg dry mass (dm) in 1967-1969 to 1 mg/kg in 2003, but then increased to 7 mg/kg in 2004-2006. mercury in ospr ... | 2008 | 19475927 |
| clear lake sediments: anthropogenic changes in physical sedimentology and magnetic response. | we analyzed the sedimentological characteristics and magnetic properties of cores from the three basins of clear lake, california, usa, to assess the depositional response to a series of land use changes that occurred in the watershed over the 20th century. results indicate that distinct and abrupt shifts in particle size, magnetic concentration/mineralogy, and redox conditions occur concurrently with a variety of ecological and chemical changes in lake bed sediments. this coincidence of events ... | 2008 | 19475928 |
| anthropogenic stressors and changes in the clear lake ecosystem as recorded in sediment cores. | sediment cores were collected to investigate multiple stresses on clear lake, california, usa, through the period of european occupation to the present day. earlier workers suggested the hypothesis that the use of mechanized earthmoving equipment, starting in the 1920s and 1930s, was responsible for erosion, mercury (hg) contamination, and habitat loss stresses. cores (approximately 2.5 m in depth) were collected in 1996 and 2000 from each of the three arms of the lake. carbon-14 dating suggests ... | 2008 | 19475929 |
| prevalence and correlates of unknown hiv infection among patients seeking care in a public hospital emergency department. | screening for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the emergency department (ed) has been proposed as an effective approach to increase early hiv diagnosis. to evaluate the potential for the implementation of routine screening, we determined the prevalence of unknown hiv infection among patients being seen in an urban public hospital ed. | 2008 | 19166088 |
| cruel and unusual punishment: distinguishing distributive and retributive justice. | 2008 | 19004436 | |
| sesquiterpenes from the sponge axinyssa isabela. | further research on the constituents of the sponge axinyssa isabela collected in the gulf of california has led to the isolation of nine new sesquiterpenes, the eudesmanes axinisothiocyanates m and n (1, 2), the bisabolane axinythiocyanate a (3), and the aristolane derivatives axinysones a-e (4-8) and axinynitrile a (9), together with four known sesquiterpenoids (10-13). the structures of the new metabolites have been established by spectroscopic techniques.the absolute configuration of axinyson ... | 2008 | 19007287 |
| vertical stability of mercury in historic and prehistoric sediments from clear lake, california. | clear lake, california, usa, is the site of the sulphur bank mercury mine, now a u.s. environmental protection agency superfund site. intermittent mining from 1873 to 1957 resulted in approximately 100 mg of mercury (hg) being deposited into the lake's ecosystem. sediment cores to approximately 2.5 m depth (dated using 210pb and 14c) represent approximately 3000 years of sedimentation. clear lake sediments have experienced hg deposition from anthropogenic sources (mining) during historic times ( ... | 2008 | 19475930 |
| potential new approaches for children's inhalation risk assessment. | the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa) practice of risk assessment is moving toward more thoroughly considering children's unique susceptibilities and exposure potential. childhood is assessed as a sequence of life stages that reflects the fact that as humans develop, windows of susceptibility may appear that lead to enhanced sensitivity to exposure of environmental agents, while changes in behavior and physiology may increase exposure and dose. the u.s. epa developed guidance in the pas ... | 2008 | 18097946 |
| residential exposures to pesticides and childhood leukaemia. | like many chemicals, carcinogenicity of pesticides is poorly characterised in humans, especially in children, so that the present knowledge about childhood leukaemia risk derives primarily from epidemiological studies. overall, case-control studies published in the last decade have reported positive associations with home use of insecticides, mostly before the child's birth, while findings for herbicides are mixed. previous studies relied solely on self-reports, therefore lacking information on ... | 2008 | 18940823 |
| blood circulation laboratory investigations with video are less investigative than instructional blood circulation laboratories with live organisms. | live organisms versus digital video of the organisms were used to challenge students' naive ideas and misconceptions about blood, the heart, and circulatory patterns. three faculty members taught 259 grade 10 biology students in a california high school with students from diverse ethnolinguistic groups who were divided into 5 classes using microscopes (128 students) and 5 classes using digital video (131 students) to compare blood transport among invertebrates, fish, and humans. the "what is hap ... | 2008 | 18334569 |
| tidal salt marsh sediment in california, usa: part 3. current and historic toxicity potential of contaminants and their bioaccumulation. | to assess potential health risks to benthic organisms from exposure to toxic contaminants, sediment chemistry data from five salt marshes along the coast of california were compared with threshold effects levels (tels) and probable effects levels (pels). as an integrated estimate of toxicity potential of multiple contaminants, mean pel quotients (mpelqs) were used to categorize sampling stations into three groups: high (>0.5), medium (0.1-0.5) and low (<0.1). in all sediments from stege marsh lo ... | 2008 | 18316112 |
| [case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis presented with multiple infiltrative opacities]. | a 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to be operated on for inguinal hernia, but complained of dry cough and cervical lymph nodes swelling after traveling to california in the united states. the chest x-ray films taken on admission showed consolidations in both lungs. the laboratory data revealed an increase in white blood cell counts with eosinophilia, and elevated esr, ige and beta-d-glucan. the biopsied lung specimen by vats showed epithelioid granulomas consisting of giant cells and ... | 2008 | 18517016 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in dermacentor species from southern california. | dermacentor occidentalis marx and dermacentor variabilis (say) commonly bite humans in california. these dermacentor species may play a role in transmitting spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae to humans in many parts of the state where dermacentor andersoni stiles, a known vector for the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, rickettsia rickettsii, is absent. however, the specific rickettsial agents present in these ticks and their current prevalence are poorly understood. in total, ... | 2008 | 18533446 |
| artificial insemination and eugenics: celibate motherhood, eutelegenesis and germinal choice. | this paper traces the history of artificial insemination by selected donors (aid) as a strategy for positive eugenic improvement. while medical artificial insemination has a longer history, its use as a eugenic strategy was first mooted in late nineteenth-century france. it was then developed as 'scientific motherhood' for war widows and those without partners by marion louisa piddington in australia following the great war. by the 1930s aid was being more widely used clinically in britain (and ... | 2008 | 18534352 |
| quantifying plant population persistence in human-dominated landscapes. | we assessed population performance of rare plants across a gradient from rural to urban landscapes and evaluated 2 hypotheses central to strategic conservation planning: (1) population performance declines with increasing human dominance and (2) small populations perform poorly relative to larger ones. assessing these hypotheses is critical to strategic conservation planning. the current conservation paradigm adheres to the well-established ecology theory that small isolated populations, particu ... | 2008 | 18544094 |
| strangers at the benchside: research ethics consultation. | institutional ethics consultation services for biomedical scientists have begun to proliferate, especially for clinical researchers. we discuss several models of ethics consultation and describe a team-based approach used at stanford university in the context of these models. as research ethics consultation services expand, there are many unresolved questions that need to be addressed, including what the scope, composition, and purpose of such services should be, whether core competencies for co ... | 2008 | 18570086 |
| kir and hla gene combinations in vogt-koyanagi-harada disease. | vogt-koyanagi-harada (vkh) disease is a putative autoimmune ocular inflammatory disease and is known to be associated with hla-dr4 and -dr1 in mestizos. we examined the genes encoding kir receptors and human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i ligands in patients with vkh disease and compared to published controls. we found trends toward more group b kir haplogroups (p=0.059), with more activating kir genes, in patients compared to controls. all putative activating kir-hla combinations were more com ... | 2008 | 18571006 |
| 'is karl in?': paws that heal. | 2008 | 18580123 | |
| projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the sacramento-san joaquin river system in california. | despite increasingly large investments, the potential ecological effects of river restoration programs are still small compared to the degree of human alterations to physical and ecological function. thus, it is rarely possible to "restore" pre-disturbance conditions; rather restoration programs (even large, well-funded ones) will nearly always involve multiple small projects, each of which can make some modest change to selected ecosystem processes and habitats. at present, such projects are ty ... | 2008 | 18810527 |
| infant hearing loss and connexin testing in a diverse population. | previous studies of connexin-related hearing loss have typically reported on mixed age groups or adults. to further address epidemiology and natural history of connexin-related hearing loss, we conducted a longitudinal study in an ethnically diverse cohort of infants and toddlers under 3 years of age. our study compares infants with and without connexin-related hearing loss to examine differences in the prevalence of connexin and non-connexin-related hearing loss by ethnic origin, detection by n ... | 2008 | 18580690 |
| human recombinant erythropoietin and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity: a multiple regression model. | recombinant human erythropoietin (rhepo) is used for the treatment of anemia of prematurity. however, it has also been found to have properties similar to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), the major angiogenic factor implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (rop). we sought to determine whether rhepo is an independent risk factor for the development of rop. | 2008 | 18589385 |
| human evolution: details of being human. | 2008 | 18596780 | |
| influenza exposure in united states feral swine populations. | swine play an important role in the disease ecology of influenza. having cellular receptors in common with birds and humans, swine provide opportunities for mixed infections and potential for genetic reassortment between avian, human, and porcine influenza. feral swine populations are rapidly expanding in both numbers and range and are increasingly coming into contact with waterfowl, humans, and agricultural operations. in this study, over 875 feral swine were sampled from six states across the ... | 2008 | 18436668 |
| efficacy of aerial spraying of mosquito adulticide in reducing incidence of west nile virus, california, 2005. | epidemic transmission of west nile virus (wnv) in sacramento county, california, in 2005 prompted aerial application of pyrethrin, a mosquito adulticide, over a large urban area. statistical analyses of geographic information system datasets indicated that adulticiding reduced the number of human wnv cases within 2 treated areas compared with the untreated area of the county. when we adjusted for maximum incubation period of the virus from infection to onset of symptoms, no new cases were report ... | 2008 | 18439356 |
| reconstruction of the sudden oak death epidemic in california through microsatellite analysis of the pathogen phytophthora ramorum. | the genetic structure of the clonally reproducing sudden oak death (sod) pathogen in california was investigated using seven variable microsatellites. a total of 35 multilocus genotypes were identified among 292 samples representative of populations from 14 forest sites and of the nursery trade. amova indicated significant genetic variability both within (44.34%) and among populations (55.66%). spatial autocorrelation analyses indicated that moran's index of similarity reached a minimum of 0.1 a ... | 2008 | 18444982 |
| diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. | lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the united states. this review details the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prophylaxis for the disease. information was obtained from a search of the pubmed and medline databases (keyword: lyme disease) for articles published from august 31, 1997, through september 1, 2007. approximately 20,000 cases of lyme disease are reported annually. residents of the coastal northeast, northwest california, and the great lakes region ... | 2008 | 18452688 |
| fecal indicator bacteria and salmonella in ponds managed as bird habitat, san francisco bay, california, usa. | throughout the world, coastal resource managers are encouraging the restoration of previously modified coastal habitats back into wetlands and managed ponds for their ecosystem value. because many coastal wetlands are adjacent to urban centers and waters used for human recreation, it is important to understand how wildlife can affect water quality. we measured fecal indicator bacteria (fib) concentrations, presence/absence of salmonella, bird abundance, and physico-chemical parameters in two coa ... | 2008 | 18457857 |
| genetic diversity of human polyomavirus jcpyv in southern california wastewater. | jc polyomavirus (jcpyv) has the potential to be used as a viral marker for human waste contamination because at least 40% of the human population excretes this virus through its urine. in addition, each of 6 known subtypes of jcpyv is associated with a specific human ethnicity group, which has allowed for tracing of human migration. this study aims to explore the possibility of linking the genetic diversity of jcpyv with source of human waste. primary sewage effluent from irvine ranch water dist ... | 2008 | 18475011 |
| balamuthia mandrillaris, agent of amebic encephalitis: detection of serum antibodies and antigenic similarity of isolates by enzyme immunoassay. | we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies to balamuthia mandrillaris, a free-living ameba that is an etiologic agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (gae). as part of the california encephalitis project (cep), we have tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from a subgroup of 130 hospitalized encephalitis patients (out of approximately 430 samples) over a 16-month period. case criteria were based on clinical, laboratory, an ... | 2008 | 18681845 |
| apparent competition with an exotic plant reduces native plant establishment. | biological invasions can change ecosystem function, have tremendous economic costs, and impact human health; understanding the forces that cause and maintain biological invasions is thus of immediate importance. a mechanism by which exotic plants might displace native plants is by increasing the pressure of native consumers on native plants, a form of indirect interaction termed "apparent competition." using experimental exclosures, seed addition, and monitoring of small mammals in a california ... | 2008 | 18481540 |
| application of tree-ring isotopic analyses to reconstruct historical water use of riparian trees. | historical patterns of water source use by trees inferred from long-term records of tree-ring stable isotopic content could assist in evaluating the impact of human alterations to natural stream flow regimes (e.g., water impoundments, stream flow diversions, and groundwater extraction). our objective was to assess the utility of the hydrogen stable isotopic composition (sd) of tree rings as an index of historical water source use by riparian trees. we investigated the influence of site condition ... | 2008 | 18488606 |
| ecosystem-based management of predator-prey relationships: piscivorous birds and salmonids. | predator-prey relationships are often altered as a result of human activities. where prey are legally protected, conservation action may include lethal predator control. in the columbia river basin (pacific northwest, usa and canada), piscivorous predators have been implicated in contributing to a lack of recovery of several endangered anadromous salmonids (oncorhynchus spp.), and lethal and nonlethal control programs have been instituted against both piscine and avian species. to determine the ... | 2008 | 18488627 |
| intensive early season adulticide applications decrease arbovirus transmission throughout the coachella valley, riverside county, california. | in the coachella valley of california the seasonal onset of st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev), and west nile virus (wnv) has been detected consistently at the shoreline of the salton sea near the community of north shore. the timing and intensity of initial amplification in the culex tarsalis coquillett/wild bird cycle at this focus seemed closely linked to the subsequent dispersal of virus to the rest of the coachella valley and perhaps southern ... | 2008 | 18494603 |
| failure to validate association of gene polymorphisms in epcr, par-1, fsap and protein s tokushima with venous thromboembolism among californians of european ancestry. | 2008 | 18278202 | |
| migrant deaths along the california-mexico border: an anthropological perspective. | california shares a 150-mile international border with mexico. traditionally, this border has seen non-stop illegal migration. in the 1990s, the border patrol began a concerted effort to establish and maintain control of the border, beginning in urban san diego. this heightened law enforcement presence, known as operation gatekeeper, changed the westernmost segment of the border from the most permeable to the least permeable. this enforcement pushed migrants into more dangerous crossing areas in ... | 2008 | 18279233 |
| isothiocyanate sesquiterpenes from a sponge of the genus axinyssa. | the chemical study of a sponge of the genus axinyssa collected in the gulf of california has led to the isolation of the new bicyclic sesquiterpenes axinisothiocyanates a-l ( 1- 12) together with the known compounds (1 r,6 s,7 s,10 s)-10-isothiocyanato-4-amorphene ( 13), (4 r*,5 r*,7 s*,10 r*)-4-isocyanoeudesm-11-ene, (-)-epipolasin a, and (+)-aristolone. the structures of the new metabolites have been established by spectroscopic techniques, including the analysis of pyridine-induced 1h nmr che ... | 2008 | 18288806 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible grain: a pilot study of agricultural crops as a human exposure pathway for environmental contaminants using wheat as a model crop. | the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were investigated in a pilot study of field wheat grain as a model indicator for environmental contamination. the edible grain would serve as a portal for human exposure. wheat grain was initially studied since it is one of the major food crops consumed internationally by many including infants and children. wheat grain samples from five different geographical growing locations in california that span approximately 450 km were collect ... | 2008 | 18295196 |
| serum troponin i measurement of subjects exposed to the taser x-26. | the taser is a high-voltage, low-amperage conducted energy device used by many law enforcement agencies as a less lethal force weapon. the objective of this study was to evaluate for a rise in serum troponin i level after deployment of the taser on law enforcement training volunteers. a prospective, observational cohort study was performed evaluating serum troponin i levels in human subjects 6 h after an exposure to the taser x-26. outcome measures included abnormal elevation in serum troponin i ... | 2008 | 18296010 |
| think globally, act locally, and collaborate internationally: global health sciences at the university of california, san francisco. | the university of california, san francisco (ucsf) established global health sciences (ghs) as a campus-wide initiative in 2003. the mission of ghs is to facilitate ucsf's engagement in global health across its four schools by (1) creating a supportive environment that promotes ucsf's leadership role in global health, (2) providing education and training in global health, (3) convening and coordinating global health research activities, (4) establishing global health outreach programs locally in ... | 2008 | 18303363 |
| a promoter polymorphism in the casp8 gene is not associated with cancer risk. | 2008 | 18305469 | |
| human embryos cloned. | 2008 | 18327218 | |
| is there an association between lifetime cumulative exposure and acute pulmonary responses to ozone? | to investigate the potential effects of lifetime cumulative ozone (o3) exposure on acute pulmonary responses to o3. | 2008 | 18332784 |
| the protracted holocene extinction of california's flightless sea duck (chendytes lawi) and its implications for the pleistocene overkill hypothesis. | bones of the flightless sea duck (chendytes lawi) from 14 archaeological sites along the california coast indicate that humans hunted the species for at least 8,000 years before it was driven to extinction. direct (14)c dates on chendytes bones show that the duck was exploited on the southern california islands as early as approximately 11,150-10,280 calendar years b.p., and on the mainland by at least 8,500 calendar years b.p. the youngest direct date of 2,720-2,350 calendar years b.p., combine ... | 2008 | 18334640 |
| aberrant expression of cd7 in myeloblasts is highly associated with de novo acute myeloid leukemias with flt3/itd mutation. | acute myeloid leukemia (aml) with normal cytogenetics represents approximately 40% to 50% of de novo aml. this heterogeneous aml subgroup constitutes the single largest cytogenetic group with an intermediate prognosis. previous studies have suggested that the fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication (flt3/itd) mutation-positive de novo aml may represent a distinctive subgroup of aml. we analyzed the clinical and pathologic features of 15 cases of de novo aml with normal cytogenetic ... | 2008 | 18343790 |
| widespread recombination within human parechoviruses: analysis of temporal dynamics and constraints. | human parechoviruses (hpevs), members of the family picornaviridae, are classified into six types. to investigate the dynamics and likelihood of recombination among hpevs, we compared phylogenies of two distant regions (vp1 and 3dpol) of 37 hpev isolates (types 1 and 3-5) and prototype sequences (types 1-6). evidence for frequent recombination between hpev1, 4, 5 and 6 was found. the likelihood of recombination was correlated with the degree of vp1 divergence and differences in isolation dates, ... | 2008 | 18343846 |
| the human multidrug resistance protein 4 (mrp4, abcc4): functional analysis of a highly polymorphic gene. | abcc4 encodes multidrug resistance protein 4 (mrp4), a member of the atp-binding cassette family of membrane transporters involved in the efflux of endogenous and xenobiotic molecules. the aims of this study were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms of abcc4 and to functionally characterize selected nonsynonymous variants. resequencing was performed in a large ethnically diverse population. ten nonsynonymous variants were selected for analysis of transport function based on allele frequen ... | 2008 | 18364470 |
| limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and avian host competence for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (togaviridae: alphavirus). | historically, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev) caused large equine and human epidemics in the americas from canada into argentina. despite recent enhanced surveillance for west nile virus, there have been few reports of equine or human cases and little documented enzootic activity of weev. during the past three years, weev has been active again in california, but without human or equine cases. in the current study, we compared host and vector competence of representative weev isolat ... | 2008 | 18385369 |
| coyotes demonstrate how habitat specialization by individuals of a generalist species can diversify populations in a heterogeneous ecoregion. | the tendency for individuals to disperse into habitat similar to their natal habitat has been observed in a wide range of species, although its population genetic consequences have received little study. such behavior could lead to discrete habitat-specific population subdivisions even in the absence of physical dispersal barriers or habitat gaps. previous studies of coyotes have supported this hypothesis in a small region of california, but its evolutionary significance ultimately depends on th ... | 2008 | 18391065 |
| objective structured clinical interview training using a virtual human patient. | effective interview skills are a core competency for psychiatry residents and developing psychotherapists. although schools commonly make use of standardized patients to teach interview skills, the diversity of the scenarios standardized patients can characterize is limited by availability of human actors. further, there is the economic concern related to the time and money needed to train standardized patients. perhaps most damaging is the "standardization" of standardized patients -- will they ... | 2008 | 18391321 |
| food and drug administration approval process for ophthalmic drugs in the us. | the purpose of this review is to provide the overall framework of the review and approval of ophthalmic drugs in the us. | 2008 | 18408492 |
| bat rabies in the united states and canada from 1950 through 2007: human cases with and without bat contact. | since the 1980s, rare cases of rabies in humans in canada and the united states have been almost exclusively caused by the bat-variant virus. | 2008 | 18419432 |
| risk for avian influenza virus exposure at human-wildlife interface. | to assess risk for human exposure to avian influenza viruses (aiv), we sampled california wild birds and marine mammals during october 2005-august 2007 and estimated human-wildlife contact. waterfowl hunters were 8 times more likely to have contact with aiv-infected wildlife than were persons with casual or occupational exposures (p<0.0001). | 2008 | 18598646 |
| socioeconomic gradients in immune response to latent infection. | there is a strong relation between socioeconomic position and health outcomes, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. the authors used data from 1,503 california participants in the 1998-1999 sacramento area latino study on aging aged 60-100 years to ask whether socioeconomic position is related to immune function as measured by the body's ability to keep latent herpesvirus antibody levels in a quiescent state. individuals with lower educational levels had significantly higher levels of ... | 2008 | 17873099 |
| as the raven flies: using genetic data to infer the history of invasive common raven (corvus corax) populations in the mojave desert. | common raven (corvus corax) populations in mojave desert regions of southern california and nevada have increased dramatically over the past five decades. this growth has been attributed to increased human development in the region, as ravens have a commensal relationship with humans and feed extensively at landfills and on road-killed wildlife. ravens, as a partially subsidized predator, also represent a problem for native desert wildlife, in particular threatened desert tortoises (gopherus aga ... | 2008 | 17908216 |
| the human-canine environment: a risk factor for non-play bites? | few dog bite risk factor studies have been conducted. this veterinary clinic-based retrospective cohort study was aimed at identifying human-canine environmental risk factors for non-play bites in kingston, jamaica (660) and san francisco (sf), usa (452). data were analysed using modified poisson regression with confounders selected using directed acyclic graphs (dags) and the change-in-estimate procedure. dogs acquired for companionship were more likely (rr=1.66; 95% ci 1.02-2.70) to bite than ... | 2008 | 17937998 |
| differential exposure to anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodent species in northern california. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic tick-borne rickettsial pathogen that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga) in humans, horses, and dogs. in california, dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes) are a putative reservoir host, and ixodes pacificus is a vector for transmission from rodents to humans, dogs, and horses. cases are clustered in coastal and sierra nevada foothill regions, but not necessarily in proximity to infected woodrats. this study was designed to compare exposures and active ... | 2008 | 18047398 |
| evaluation of pathways for release of rift valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental united states. | to evaluate the feasibility for rift valley fever virus (rvfv) to enter the continental united states by various routes as well as to identify states in which domestic and wild ruminant and human populations would be most vulnerable to exposure to rvfv. | 2008 | 18279085 |
| thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for in-situ measurements of organic aerosols. | the complexity of organic composition and temporal variability of atmospheric aerosols presents an extreme analytical challenge. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc x gc) has been used on time integrated filter samples to reveal the presence of thousands of individual organic compounds in aerosols, but without defining the temporal variability in composition ideal for providing information on source resolution and human exposure to specific pollutants. we hereby introduce a new ... | 2008 | 18001751 |
| mercury in sport fish from the sacramento-san joaquin delta region, california, usa. | total mercury (hg) concentrations were determined in fillet tissue of sport fish captured in the sacramento-san joaquin river delta and surrounding tributaries, a region particularly impacted by historic gold and mercury mining activity. in 1999 and 2000, mercury concentrations were measured in 767 samples from ten fish species. largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides), the primary target species, exhibited a median hg concentration of 0.53 mug g(-1) (n=406). only 23 largemouth bass (6%) were bel ... | 2008 | 18063015 |
| exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) populations. | parainfluenza virus (piv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. a novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (hpiv-3 and bpiv-3), named tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (ttpiv-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. we developed a dolphin-specific elisa to measure acute- and convalescent-phase piv antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. piv seroconversion oc ... | 2008 | 18325253 |
| chinese liver flukes in latrine sediments from wong nim's property, san bernardino, california: archaeoparasitology of the caltrans district headquarters. | parasitological analysis of 5 sediment samples from san bernardino, california latrine deposits spanning the time period from about 1880 to the 1930s are presented. two sediment samples are from a latrine used by european-americans. three sediment samples are from latrines used by chinese-americans on the property of wong nim, an important member of the chinese community. two of the chinese latrines were positive for human parasites. the human parasites encountered include the human whipworm (tr ... | 2008 | 18372657 |
| genetic deficiency of chemokine receptor ccr5 is a strong risk factor for symptomatic west nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of 4 cohorts in the us epidemic. | west nile virus (wnv) causes disease in approximately 20% of infected humans. we previously reported that homozygosity for ccr5delta32, a nonfunctional variant of chemokine receptor ccr5, is markedly increased among symptomatic wnv-seropositive patients from arizona and colorado. to confirm this, we analyzed cohorts from california and illinois. an increase in ccr5-deficient subjects was found in both (for california, odds ratio [or], 4.2 [95% confidence interval {ci}, 1.5-11.9] [p= .004]; for i ... | 2008 | 18179388 |
| a high-density snp linkage scan with 142 combined subtype adhd sib pairs identifies linkage regions on chromosomes 9 and 16. | as part of the international multi-centre adhd genetics project we completed an affected sibling pair study of 142 narrowly defined diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) proband-sibling pairs. no linkage was observed on the most established adhd-linked genomic regions of 5p and 17p. we found suggestive linkage signals on chromosomes 9 and 16, respectively, with the highest multipoint nonparametric linka ... | 2008 | 18180756 |
| contaminant concentrations and histopathological effects in sacramento splittail (pogonichthys macrolepidotus). | sacramento splittail (pogonichthys macrolepidotus) is a species of special concern in california, due to multiple anthropogenic stressors. to better understand the potential impact of contaminant exposure, adult splittail were captured from the sacramento-san joaquin river delta (california, usa) and analyzed for histopathology and contaminant exposure. organochlorine contaminants (pcbs, ddts, dieldrin, chlordanes, and pbdes) and trace metals (ag, as, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, mn, mo, ni, pb, se, sn, ... | 2008 | 18185947 |
| the impacts of human visitation on mussel bed communities along the california coast: are regulatory marine reserves effective in protecting these communities? | rocky intertidal habitats frequently are used by humans for recreational, educational, and subsistence-harvesting purposes, with intertidal populations damaged by visitation activities such as extraction, trampling, and handling. california marine managed areas, particularly regulatory marine reserves (mrs), were established to provide legal protection and enhancement of coastal resources and include prohibitions on harvesting intertidal populations. however, the effectiveness of mrs is unclear ... | 2008 | 18185953 |
| risk factors associated with human infection during the 2006 west nile virus outbreak in davis, a residential community in northern california. | we collected a total of 15,329 mosquitoes during weekly sampling in davis, ca, from april through mid-october 2006 at 21 trap sites uniformly spaced 1.5 km apart over an area of approximately 26 km(2). of these mosquitoes, 1,355 pools of culex spp. were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, of which 16 pools (1.2%) were positive for west nile virus (wnv). a degree-day model with a developmental threshold of 14.3 degrees c accurately predicted episodic wnv transmiss ... | 2008 | 18187785 |
| primary vaccine failure after 1 dose of varicella vaccine in healthy children. | universal immunization of young children with 1 dose of varicella vaccine was recommended in the united states in 1995, and it has significantly decreased the incidence of chickenpox. outbreaks of varicella, however, are reported among vaccinated children. although vaccine effectiveness has usually been 85%, rates as low as 44% have been observed. whether this is from primary or secondary vaccine failure-or both-is unclear. we tested serum samples from 148 healthy children immunized against vari ... | 2008 | 18419532 |
| the role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in the survival of women with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative, invasive breast cancer: the california cancer registry, 1999-2004. | breast cancers that are negative for estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2) (triple negative [tn]) have been associated with high-grade histology, aggressive clinical behavior, and poor survival. it has been determined that breast cancers that are negative for er and pr but positive for her2 (double negative [dn]) share features with tn breast cancers. in this report, the authors quantified the contribution of her2 as well as demog ... | 2008 | 18189290 |
| the legal failure to prevent subclinical developmental toxicity. | legal systems appear to function poorly to identify and prevent subclinical developmental toxic effects in children that can lead to long-term harm. in the usa, the vast majority of substances enter commerce without any legally required testing (under so-called 'post-market' laws). in 1984, less than 20% of all substances had been subject to pre-market testing and there has been little change since. once substances are suspected of contributing to harm, an administration agency has the burden to ... | 2008 | 18226082 |
| molecular evidence for a novel coxiella from argas monolakensis (acari: argasidae) from mono lake, california, usa. | argasid ticks are vectors of viral and bacterial agents of humans and animals. recent reports indicate that some ornithophilic argasids harbored rickettsial agents. a nearctic tick, argas monolakensis schwan, corwin, brown is ornithophilic and has not previously been examined for rickettsial agents. thirty adult a. monolakensis were tested by pcr for dna from rickettsia or coxiella. amplicons from a coxiella sp. that were divergent from coxiella burnetii were detected in 16/30 a. monolakensis. t ... | 2008 | 18247143 |
| dynamics of total, linear nonintegrated, and integrated hiv-1 dna in vivo and in vitro. | in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-1 dna persists during highly active antiretroviral treatment, reflecting long-lived cellular reservoirs of hiv-1. recent studies report an association between hiv-1 dna levels, disease progression, and treatment outcome. however, hiv-1 dna exists as distinct molecular forms that are not distinguished by conventional assays. | 2008 | 18248304 |
| the prevalence of brugada ecg in adult patients in a large university hospital in the western united states. | the prevalence of brugada ecg in the united states is controversial and has not been studied in the western united states. the goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of brugada syndrome appearing on ecgs in a large university hospital located in california. a total of 1348 ecgs performed at a university hospital in southern california in 1995 were randomly selected and reviewed for fulfilling 1 of the 3 types of brugada criteria. patients' baseline data were recorded, including age, se ... | 2008 | 18259122 |
| the basis for ecotoxicological concern in aquatic ecosystems contaminated by historical mercury mining. | the coast range of california is one of five global regions that dominated historical production of mercury (hg) until declining demand led to the economic collapse of the hg-mining industry in the united states. calcines, waste rock, and contaminated alluvium from inactive mine sites can release hg (including methylmercury, mehg) to the environment for decades to centuries after mining has ceased. soils, water, and sediment near mines often contain high concentrations of total hg (tothg), and a ... | 2008 | 19475915 |
| the legacy of mercury cycling from mining sources in an aquatic ecosystem: from ore to organism. | clear lake is the site of an abandoned mercury (hg) mine (active intermittently from 1873 to 1957), now a u.s. environmental protection agency superfund site. mining activities, including bulldozing waste rock and tailings into the lake, resulted in approximately 100 mg of hg entering the lake's ecosystem. this series of papers represents the culmination of approximately 15 years of hg-related studies on this ecosystem, following hg from the ore body to the highest trophic levels. a series of ph ... | 2008 | 19475916 |
| mercury in abiotic matrices of clear lake, california: human health and ecotoxicological implications. | mercury (hg) from hg mining at clear lake, california, usa, has contaminated water and sediments for over 130 years and has the potential to affect human and environmental health. with total mercury (tothg) concentrations up to 438 mg/kg (dry mass) in surficial sediments and up to 399 ng/l in lake water, clear lake is one of the most hg-contaminated lakes worldwide. particulate hg in surface water near the mine ranges from 10,000 to 64,000 ng/g; tothg declines exponentially with distance from th ... | 2008 | 19475922 |
| spatiotemporal trends in fish mercury from a mine-dominated ecosystem: clear lake, california. | clear lake, california, usa, receives acid mine drainage and mercury (hg) from the sulphur bank mercury mine, a u.s. environmental protection agency (u.s. epa) superfund site that was active intermittently from 1873 to 1957 and partially remediated in 1992. mercury concentrations were analyzed primarily in four species of clear lake fishes: inland silversides (menidia beryllina, planktivore), common carp (cyprinus carpio, benthic scavenger/omnivore), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus, benthic ... | 2008 | 19475924 |
| risks for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 among adolescents and young women with abnormal cytology. | to estimate the risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 3 among girls and women aged 13 to 24 years who were referred for abnormal cytology while receiving care in a large health maintenance organization. | 2008 | 19037044 |