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new system of in vitro cultivation of pneumocystis carinii without feeder cells. 19892785187
adherence of pneumocystis carinii in lung cells during in vitro cultivation.this study describes an approach to cultivation of pneumocystis carinii (pc) on 2 cell lines derived from lung (a549, human and l2, rat) with emphasis on the organisms which adhered to the cells. immunofluorescent staining was used for growth assays.19892785189
pneumocystis antigen appearance during immunosuppression.the sequential appearance of pneumocystis carinii (pc) antigens during the progression of immunosuppression in rats was studied using the immunoblotting technique and specific immunologic probes. putative pc soluble antigens, with molecular weights of approximately 70 and 90 kd, were detected as early as 2 wk after initiation of immunosuppression in rats using a pool of monoclonal antibodies produced to pc isolated from lungs using enzymatic digestion. monoclonal antibodies produced to pc isolat ...19892785190
organization of dna and rna from rat pneumocystis carinii. 19892785191
characterization of pneumocystis carinii monoclonal antibodies. 19892785192
noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in the rat using radiolabeled, nonspecific, human polyclonal immunoglobulin. 19892785193
interaction of pneumocystis carinii with secretions of alveolar macrophages and type ii epithelial cells. 19892785194
cloning of dna from pneumocystis carinii. 19892785195
ultrastructure of pneumocystis carinii: a freeze-fracture study. 19892785196
ultrastructural observations on life cycle stages of pneumocystis carinii.an ultrastructural study of life cycle stages of pneumocystis carinii in infected rat lungs in situ was undertaken utilizing 8 different modes of fixation. three of the fixatives employed gave good fixation of cysts and intracystic bodies, but for the trophic forms fixation was only fair. both the trophic forms and intracystic bodies have nuclear pores. the mitochondria of the organism have cristae that appear lamellar. one of the fixation modes revealed a thin, electron-dense layer on the outer ...19892785197
ultrastructural study of pneumocystis carinii in explant cultures of rabbit lung and in cultures with and without feeder cells.pneumocystis carinii-parasitized lung explants were obtained from corticoid-treated rabbits and maintained in vitro. twenty-one days after the beginning of explant cultures, the ultrastructural morphology of trophozoite, precyst and cyst forms was normal as compared to the in vivo ultrastructure of p. carinii from infected rabbit. however, after the 36th day, only altered forms of p. carinii were observed. lung tissue showed only minor alterations. intracytoplasmic lamellar inclusions were obser ...19892785198
structure of major surface determinants and dna diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). to facilitate the basic study of p. carinii, we have analyzed its major surface proteins by both immunochemical and biochemical methods. the major protein components of both cysts and trophozoites are a group of proteins called "p115" with apparent masses of 105-120 kd. it includes 6 isoelectric variants. a monoclonal antibody raised against cysts recognizes all 6 vari ...19892785199
analysis of a surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii.the 115 kd band in polyacrylamide gels is a major antigen of pneumocystis carinii. data obtained from treatment with enzymes, binding to lectins, and labelling the surface with biotin suggest that this moiety is a glycoprotein containing mannosyl/glucosyl and n-acetylglucosamine residues, and that it is located on the cell wall of the organism. other rat and human p. carinii antigens also are glycoproteins but differ in specific protein or carbohydrate residues or location on the organism.19892785200
lectins as probes to pneumocystis carinii surface glycocomplexes.the binding characteristics of a panel of commercially available fitc-conjugated lectins to pneumocystis carinii (pc) were assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. rat pc obtained from infected lung homogenates were incubated with fitc-conjugated lectins in a series of concentrations, counterstained with propidium iodide, and analyzed for percent fluorescence and fluorescence intensity. all organisms bound concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda agglutinin, 2 representatives of the ...19892785201
cross-reactive antigens of the rat and human pneumocystis carinii. 19892785202
analyses of pneumocystis fatty acids.the major ester-linked fatty acids of the total lipids extracted from pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of corticosteroid-treated rats were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. others detected included 14:0, 16:1 and 22:4. the major sphingolipid fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 22:0, 24:0 and 24:1; others included 14:0, 18:1, 20:0, 23:0, 24:2 and 26:0. the total lipid fatty acid compositions of preparations from appropriate lung controls were similar to those of the organism.19892785203
development of dna probes for pneumocystis carinii. 19892785204
the microscopic identification of pneumocystis carinii. 19892785205
treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with analogs of pentamidine.seven analogs of pentamidine were tested for their activity against an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. structural alterations of the pentamidine molecule included variations of the alkyl chain linking the two p-amidino phenoxy moieties and relocation of the amidine groups from the para to the meta position on the phenoxy rings. all analogs of pentamidine were active against p. carinii pneumonia when compared to a saline-treated control group. one derivative, 1, 4-di ...19892785206
an improved rat model to study efficacy of drugs for treatment or prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892785207
the present status of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in japan with special reference to aids. 19892785208
therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization. 19892785231
the use of mucolysed induced sputum for the identification of pulmonary pathogens associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.we describe a system for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient using induced sputum and other diagnostic procedures. this system has been successfully used at san francisco (calif) general hospital for more than 2 years. it utilizes outpatient facilities and reduces the need for bronchoscopy. sputum induced by inhalation of 3% saline mist, mucolysed, concentrated by centrifugation, and stained by a rapid modified giemsa stain was the first diagnostic ...19892785374
necrotizing pneumocystis carinii vasculitis associated with lung necrosis and cavitation in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.pulmonary cavitation is an infrequent manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the pathogenesis of lung cavities associated with p carinii pneumonia has not been fully elucidated by detailed morphologic studies. this article describes a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and p carinii pneumonia who developed roentgenographically identified lung cavitation while being treated with azidothymidine. at autopsy, necrotiz ...19892785375
the relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with aids-related pcp.there is marked debate by physicians and policymakers regarding the creation of regionalized acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) centers. a central issue is whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, differ as a function of hospital experience with patients with aids. we evaluated the experience of 257 patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated at 15 california hospitals between october 1986 and october 1987. an overall 15.2% in-hospital mortality rate was observe ...19892785607
[treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosols]. 19892785625
apical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis. 19892785747
pneumomediastinum complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.the destructive potential of pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with aids has been amply documented. this report describes a homosexual man with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicated by pneumatocoeles and pneumomediastinum. the pneumomediastinum almost completely resolved with successful antimicrobial therapy. pneumomediastinum, like pneumothorax, should be anticipated in patients with aids and pcp.19892785760
bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in aids patients. comparative study with non-aids patients.lower pulmonary tract cell populations collected by bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were evaluated in three groups of immunocompromised patients: hiv infected patients with pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonitis (n = 22), or pneumonitis not related to pc (n = 29), and non-hiv-infected, immunocompromised patients with a pc pneumonitis (n = 18). in aids patients with pc pneumonitis, the cell populations were 59.3 +/- 4.5 percent alveolar macrophages (am), 19.6 +/- 2.5 percent lymphocytes, 14.6 +/- 4. ...19892785902
chronic cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.a 39-year-old man with aids presented with cough, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, fever, and a cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the left lung. the cavity increased in size over the next five months with disease involvement limited to the left upper lobe. pneumocystis carinii infection was then diagnosed. symptoms and cavity resolved with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy.19892785903
two cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: supplemental treatment with aerosolised pentamidine isethionate.two cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients who were diagnosed by the aspiration-lung-biopsy. they were treated with 4 mg/kg of pentamidine isethionate intravenously administered followed by pentamidine aerosol inhalation. although clinical and laboratory findings were improved by the fifth or seventh day of intravenous therapy, substantial leukocytopenia, from 3,000/cmm to 600/cmm and from 2,700/cmm to 1,000/cmm, occurred. at this point ...19892786100
co-infection with legionella pneumophila and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to have pneumonitis caused by a simultaneous pneumocystis carinii and legionella pneumophila infection. although both microorganisms frequently cause pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients, co-infection has not been reported. this patient responded to antimicrobial therapy, but superinfection with candida albicans led to his death. as there are numerous infective and noninfective causes of pneumonia in such patients, this case ill ...19892786153
pneumocystis carinii: rapid diagnosis with the microwave oven. 19892786307
prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids. 19892786356
in search of shortcuts: definitive and indirect tests in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. 19892786357
prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids.the clinical records and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cell differential counts were analyzed in 96 patients at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to determine if this information may be prognostically useful and to identify possible mechanisms of bal neutrophilia. in 60 patients with pcp, 15 fatalities or episodes of respiratory failure occurred, and 14 of these patients had greater than 5% bal neutrophils. only one of 33 patients with ...19892786359
pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy. a new clinical entity.a 43-year-old black woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed bilateral multifocal choroidopathy characterized by slowly enlarging round to oval lesions in the posterior pole and midperiphery. systemic evaluation revealed no evidence of mycobacterial, fungal, or spirochetal disease. fluorescein angiography of the lesions showed early hypofluorescence with late staining of the lesions, which appeared deep to the retinal circulation. there was no evidence of retinal involvement. over ...19892786409
[pentamidine inhalation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids].pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the major cause of death in aids. the use of standard drugs for pcp is associated with a remarkably high rate of adverse reactions in aids patients. we treated a 35-year-old homosexual with a first episode of pcp with intravenous trimethoprim, 20 mg/kg, and sulfamethoxazole, 100 mg/kg and later with pentamidine injections. however medication had to be stopped because of severe side effects. a new method of therapy using aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg per ...19892786489
identification and isolation of a major cell surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii.radioiodination of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii obtained from an in vitro culture demonstrated the presence of a major surface glycoprotein (gp120). the glycoprotein was of the high mannose type. it exhibited adherence properties similar to those observed in the intact organism. under nonreducing conditions, it existed as an aggregate with a molecular weight in excess of 2 x 10(6). surface aggregating behavior and adherent quality prevented isolation of the glycoprotein by conventional metho ...19892786505
evaluating institutional performance in aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a risk adjustment approach.mortality during hospital care of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) varies as much as 3-fold among reporting institutions. prognostic factors for death during an episode of pcp have been identified that may be useful risk adjustors for quality-of-care studies. we illustrate a risk adjustment approach to evaluating institutional performance for pcp using a pilot data set from two southern california hospitals differing widely in crude pcp death rates (61 vs 27%). using admissio ...19892786557
intravascular and pleural involvement by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) 19892786684
survival periods in male and female wistar rats with steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.rats treated with corticosteroids developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. male rats showed the same mortality (100%) as female rats, but the female rats survived on average 11.7 days longer than the male wistar rats.19892786725
[aspecific and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in hiv infections].the results of 115 bronchoscopic examinations and one autopsy in 105 adults with hiv-infection and pulmonary complications are presented. whereas 51.7% of the events were caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (nip) without evidence of an infectious or neoplastic condition was the second most frequent diagnosis in 14 patients (12.1%), four of whom exhibited features of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (lip). the clinical, radiological and prognosti ...19892787052
prognostic factors and life expectancy in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.eighteen children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were diagnosed as having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by either open lung biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage. seven patients (39%) died during the acute illness. alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients at the time of presentation and lactate dehydrogenase levels did not distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors. total lymphocyte and t4 cell counts were low in children who died during the initial pcp infection but had considerabl ...19892787098
emergency lung biopsy in immunocompromised pediatric patients.twenty-six lung biopsies were performed on immunocompromised children with interstitial pneumonia over a 4-year period. more than 50% of the patients had either bone marrow transplants or immunodeficiency syndromes. biopsy diagnosis included viral (9), nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (9), pneumocystis carinii (7), and bacterial (1) etiologies. findings caused a change in treatment in 15 (58%) patients, and nine of these 15 (60%) survived. survivors included five children with viral infectio ...19892787144
steroids in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv seropositive infants. 19892787248
effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) to pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii)-infected balb/c nude (nu/nu) mice had no effects on the number of the p. carinii cysts in the lungs, despite neutrophilic infiltration in the tissues and a marked increase in blood neutrophil count. this finding indicates that neutrophils in the absence of t cells do not play an important role in the killing of p. carinii. however, survival periods of ...19892787431
pulmonary diagnostic evaluation in patients suspected of having an hiv-related disease.the wide range of pulmonary infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositivity, coupled with the possible presence of hiv-related neoplasms and non-hiv-related pulmonary processes, requires that most patients who are known to be or suspected of being hiv-seropositive should undergo a thorough diagnostic evaluation. this usually should include a screening evaluation that includes history, physical examination, screening laboratory tests, chest radiography, and arterial b ...19892787521
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: diagnosis using minilavage samples.over a 30-month period, we evaluated 74 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) for suspected opportunistic pulmonary infection. all had abnormal findings on chest roentgenogram. sixty patients (81%) were found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we assessed the yield of various diagnostic methods, and found that bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained by the instillation of 20 to 50 ml of normal saline (minilavage) contained detectable organisms in 51 of 53 patients (s ...19892787536
penicillium marneffei in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.penicillium marneffei is a rare human pathogen that may infect either healthy or immunocompromised hosts. in methenamine silver-stained preparations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with dermatomyositis on steroid treatment, round-to-oval intracellular and extracellular microorganisms were found. the finding of occasional septate and elongated forms established the microorganism as probably p marneffei, which was confirmed on culture. distinguishing this rare fungus from pneumocyst ...19892787573
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892787582
[adverse effects of cotrimoxazole and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19892787921
relevance of computed tomography to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892788123
the young rabbit: a nonimmunosuppressed model for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892788198
a self-splicing intron in the small subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii.the coding region for the pneumocystis carinii small subunit rrna (16s-like rrna) contains 390 extra base pairs in a region that is highly conserved in other eukaryotic rrna genes. the sequence has all the elements characteristic of group i self-splicing introns and interrupts the phylogenetically conserved helix proximal to the 3' terminus of the 16s-like rrna. in vitro transcripts containing the putative group i intron were capable of undergoing a "self-splicing" reaction which required the pr ...19892788266
bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus related diseases.the value of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients who were serologically positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was studied in 30 patients with classified into four groups according to the severity of illness: (1) seven subjects with the aids related complex without clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary infection; (2) eight patients with the aids related complex and pulmonary tuberculosis; (3) eight patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii ...19892788319
aerosolized pentamidine and disseminated infection with pneumocystis carinii. 19892788380
tricyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with broad antifolate activity and the ability to inhibit pneumocystis carinii growth in cultured human lung fibroblasts in the presence of leucovorin.a selected number of 1,3-diaminobenzo[f]quinazolines and 1,3-diamino-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]quinazolines, which may be viewed as tricyclic analogues of the lipid-soluble antifolates pyrimethamine (pm), metoprine (ddmp), and etoprine (ddep), were tested as inhibitors of purified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from wi-l2 lymphoblasts, and as inhibitors of the growth of streptococcus faecium atcc 8043 and l1210 murine leukemia cells in culture. in addition, these tricyclic compounds were tested for ant ...19892788420
comparison of methenamine silver nitrate and giemsa stain for detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from hiv infected patients.seventy-seven bronchoalveolar lavages from human immunosuppressive virus infected patients with pulmonary symptoms were examined routinely for the presence of pneumocystis carinii, using giemsa stain to detect trophozoites and methenamine silver nitrate to detect cysts. thirty-seven samples were found positive with both methods, but a further 10 were diagnosed with giemsa indicating that the trophozoite stain is more sensitive. as giemsa stain is simple, quick, cheap and familiar to most microbi ...19892788442
[bronchoscopic examination in immuno-compromised host with hypoxemia due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--case report].the differential diagnosis of newly developed pulmonary infiltrate in cxr film of immunocompromised host including infection, neoplasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, cytotoxic drug induced pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis and transfusion induced pneumonitis. if clinical course changed rapidly and the patient had fever, cough and dyspnea, then, opportunistic infection should be considered at first. fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), brushing and trans- bronchial ...19892788485
diamidine use in treatment of pneumocystis carinii. 19892788670
the level of igg and igm in pneumocystis carinii infection.sputum examination for detection of p. carinii can be substituted for more invasive techniques especially in debilitated patients. there was an increase level of igg and igm in patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in the serum and sputum. but the high frequency of these immunoglobulins among the general human population limits their value in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis.19892788674
reversible pulmonary uptake and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathic distribution of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.diffuse pulmonary deposition of [99mtc]methylene diphosphonate (mdp) as well as abnormalities characteristic of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy have been observed in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the findings of the bone scan together with those in the corresponding scintigraphy, and roentgenograms of the chest and skeletal structures are presented. parallel reversal of [67ga]citrate and [99mtc]mdp pulmonary uptake with specific treatment for and clinical resolutio ...19892788723
[use of corticosteroids in pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii-aids with lack of response to conventional therapy]. 19892788904
empirical treatment without bronchoscopy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.an empirical approach to treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was adopted in a prospective study of 73 men with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) presenting with respiratory problems. at presentation 49 patients (group 1) were thought to have a history, findings at clinical examination, chest radiograph, and arterial blood gas tensions typical of pneumocystis pneumonia, and empirical treatment was begun immediately. twenty four patients (group 2) were thought to have featur ...19892788935
nebulised pentamidine as treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.nebulised pentamidine was used to treat 30 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. fourteen patients (group 1) received pentamidine isethionate 4 mg/kg (six patients) or 8 mg/kg (eight patients) via a standard jet nebuliser (acorn, system 22) with a flow rate of 8 l/min. the aerosol droplets had a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.6 microns (geometric standard deviation (gsd) 2.9) and 46% of droplets were less than 3.9 microns. a further 16 patients (group 2) received 8 mg/kg pentamidi ...19892788936
relapse of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the upper lobes during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage of the upper lobes in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) receiving aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. serendipitous availability of a normal premorbid lung gallium scan indicated that pneumocystosis had developed during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis; at the time of presentation a repeat gallium scan indicated disease limited to the upper lobes. the relation of this unusual form of isolated upper lobe ...19892788937
rheumatic heart disease in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.acute rheumatic heart disease (rhd) with aschoff nodules and biventricular dilation was diagnosed at autopsy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who died of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii. the relationship of acute rhd and human immunodeficiency virus-associated immune deficiency is discussed.19892789174
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient with dramatic response to inadvertent steroid therapy--a case report.a 28 year-old homosexual man had one month history of intermittent high fever, nonproductive cough and progressive shortness of breath. he not only had immunity deficits, with decrease cd4 cells decreased cd8 cells and inverted cd4/cd8 ratio, but also presented with evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (positive elisa antibody tests and western blot tests). chest x-ray showed diffuse pulmonary infiltration. the arterial blood gases revealed hypoxemia. the pao2 was 69 mmhg. spiromet ...19892789291
pulmonary cystic disease: comparison of pneumocystis carinii pneumatoceles and bullous emphysema due to intravenous drug abuse.a rare pulmonary manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or intravenous (iv) drug abuse is upper lobe cystic disease--pneumatoceles in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and bullous emphysema in iv drug abuse. because these disorders overlap, the radiographic findings in 56 patients were compared. during a 12-month period, 16 patients less than 40 years of age were found to have bullous emphysema; the 10 who were iv drug abusers constituted group 1. in the same time period, 40 ...19892789412
pulmonary cysts associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.a diffuse, bilateral interstitial infiltrate is the most common radiographic finding in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, atypical roentgenographic patterns also exist. chest radiographs of 100 consecutive aids patients with pcp were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of pulmonary air-filled cysts, or pneumatoceles, which were identified in 10% of the cases. the pneumatoceles were typically thin-walled with no int ...19892789413
psychological and immunological associations in men with aids pursuing a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative therapy: a pilot study.a group of men with aids who chose to follow a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative form of therapy was studied for the possible influence of psychological factors on their clinical progression. in this group, men with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) had an estimated survival time of 60% at 3 years. moreover, there was a tendency for lymphocyte number to increase during the first 3 years following diagnosis with ks. a subset of eight of these men with ks and one man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (p ...19892790232
aerosolized pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892791660
intensive care for patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. are we prepared for our new success? 19892791661
pneumocystis hepatitis and choroiditis despite successful aerosolized pentamidine pulmonary prophylaxis.a patient who developed pneumocystis carinii hepatitis and choroiditis despite receiving prophylactic pentamidine therapy by aerosol is described. liver biopsy showed histology typical of pneumocystis hepatitis, but his respiratory status was stable and his lungs were free of p carinii organisms on bal. thus, inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis did not prevent extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. patients receiving pentamidine prophylaxis with unexplained symptoms should undergo investigation for possible ...19892791697
pentamidine-associated pancreatitis.two patients without risk factors or a prior history of pancreatitis developed acute pancreatitis soon after initiating pentamidine isethionate therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in both patients the pancreatitis improved following medication cessation. one patient did not redevelop pancreatitis when he subsequently received inhaled pentamidine. review of the literature revealed five previously reported cases of this drug reaction. ...19892791817
role of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in pediatric patients with cancer.we reviewed 60 consecutive flexible bronchoscopies done during a 36-month period in 48 pediatric cancer patients with undiagnosed pulmonary infiltrates. diagnostic procedures during bronchoscopy included 40 brushings, 50 bronchoalveolar lavages, and 6 transbronchial and mucosal biopsies. a total of 16 specific diagnoses were made by bronchoscopy (27% diagnostic yield), including infection (12), pulmonary leukemia (3), and lymphoma (1). the largest proportion of specific diagnoses came from lavag ...19892795346
pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.case histories of 25 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom pneumothorax developed from january 1985 to the present are reviewed. spontaneous pneumothorax developed in 10 patients. all patients had a documented pulmonary infection. four of 10 died, either of progressive respiratory failure or of concurrent infection. patients with asymptomatic spontaneous pneumothorax can be safely observed. patients with symptomatic pneumothorax should initially undergo tube thorac ...19892796361
experience with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.we have reviewed admission data, some diagnostic tests, treatment and outcome of 31 male homosexual patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus with 37 consecutive episodes of presumptive pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated at the infectious disease unit, auckland hospital, between 1985 and 30 june 1988. the median age was 39 years. eight episodes were proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 18 satisfied centres for disease control criteria for presumptive pneumocystis carinii pneu ...19892797573
does 99tcm human serum albumin alter the characteristics of nebulized pentamidine isethionate?nebulized pentamidine has been used as therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the lung dose delivered using different nebulizer systems and doses of pentamidine from 50-600 mg is unknown. to measure this a marker which does not alter the characteristics of the nebulized pentamidine solution must be found. we have assessed the aerosol characteristics of four jet nebulizers (system 22, system 22 mizer, optimist, respigard ii) and one ultrasonic device (pulmosonic) using two concentrations of ...19892797629
[broncho-alveolar lavage by fibroscopy in immunodepressed children].thirty broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) were performed in order to investigate 30 infectious episodes in immunocompromised children. twenty patients were previously treated by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation and 6 other patients by conventional methods. a specific etiologic diagnosis was obtained in 16 of 30 episodes (56%), 22 microorganisms were identified by bal. the most frequently involved microorganism was candida albicans and the other agents were as follows: ...19892797997
[pulmonary manifestations in patients with aids].in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) the pulmonary opportunistic infections are due to the depression of cellular immunity and they are found in more than 50% of patients. most frequently the infection is due to pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. non-opportunistic infections in aids are mostly due to the mycobacterium tuberculosis and legionella pneumophila. in kaposi sarcoma in aids the lungs may be involved into pulmon ...19892798562
pneumocystis carinii infection. 19892799113
spectrum of pathologic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with neoplastic diseases.pneumocystis carinii is the most common protozoan organism causing infection in immunosuppressed patients. this study, based on a review of 32 lung biopsies and 13 autopsies of patients with neoplastic diseases who developed p carinii pneumonia, emphasizes the morphologic variation of this disease. excluded from this study are those patients with pcp secondary to bone marrow transplantation and aids. p carinii pneumonia occurred predominately in patients with malignant lymphoreticular neoplasms, ...19892799114
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. an epidemiological, clinical and histopathological study of 18 patients.pulmonary histopathological and clinical changes associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were found to be less severe in 10 hiv-positive patients (group a) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) than in 8 patients (group b) with other immune deficiencies. lung biopsies from group a showed minimal thickening of the alveolar walls from oedema and slight mononuclear cell infiltration, while in group b alveolar wall thickening was more prominent with distinct mononuclear cell in ...19892799574
[pneumocystis carinii]. 19892800422
prescription drug use patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients taking zidovudine. walter reed retrovirus research group.prescription drug profiles of 116 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients taking zidovudine in 1988 were surveyed. patients received the drug an average of 236 days. about one-third (32 percent) required reduced dosage presumably because of hematologic toxicity and this was associated with length of time on the drug. zidovudine dosage reduction was not associated with concurrent therapy with either acetaminophen or acyclovir. concomitant drug therapy was common, especially with syst ...19892800586
survival following mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a different perspective.pulmonary infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the predominant infection in these patients. in those patients who experience progression to respiratory failure from pcp, the reported mortality rate has been between 87% to 100%. this, in addition to the ultimately fatal outcome of patients with aids, has led many physicians to question the advisability of instituting mechani ...19892801731
digital necrosis and disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection after aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. 19892802423
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in scid/scid mice. 19892805792
hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (hoa) is a systemic disorder primarily affecting the bones, joints, and soft tissues and developing in association with another disease process. acute pyogenic pulmonary processes (empyema, lung abscess) are occasionally accompanied by transient hoa, but reversible hoa has not previously been reported in the setting of pcp in aids.19892805856
[pneumothorax as a complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].a pneumothorax occurred in a 29-year-old hiv-positive woman with rapidly progressive dyspnoea at rest and left-thoracic pain, dry cough and fever. sputum test revealed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. treatment was started with 20 mg/kg trimethoprim and 100 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole, but was poorly tolerated and changed for pentamidine, 4 mg/kg i.v. from the fifth day onwards. a chest drain was inserted, but pleurodesis became necessary after two further lung collapses. after three weeks secondary p ...19892806085
[clinical picture of the onset of aids in 2911 adults in italy].since 1982, 2911 adult aids cases have been officially reported in italy up to december 31, 1988. the clinical presentation of all cases, reported to the istituto superiore di sanità, rome, and contained into the national aids register, has been analyzed, with particular attention to opportunistic infections. 168 cases (mainly homosexual men) were found exclusively affected at diagnosis by kaposi's sarcoma (ks), while the other 2743 patients were affected by opportunistic infections and/or other ...19892811649
histopathology and etiology of childhood pneumonia: an autopsy study of 93 patients in bangladesh.the causes and pathogenesis of severe childhood pneumonia in a developing country were studied in lungs removed at autopsy from 119 bangladeshi children who presented with pneumonia and/or diarrhea. pneumonia was observed in 93 patients. morphologic features included acute alveolar exudate in 51% (of the 93 patients), necrotizing pneumonia in 31%, interstitial pneumonia in 22%, and caseating granulomas in 4%, while a mixed pattern occurred in 16% of patients. causes of pneumonia were gram-negati ...19892812880
a survival analysis of hospitalization among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.survival analysis techniques were used in estimating lifetime inpatient utilization among patients diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) using data on 863 members of the kaiser permanente medical care program in the northern california region diagnosed with aids between january 1, 1981 and june 30, 1987. using information on both deceased and living patients, we estimated means of 40.3 lifetime inpatient days and 3.3 hospitalizations among all aids patients. those presenting w ...19892817192
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. differences in lung parasite number and inflammation in patients with and without aids.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients with and without aids. to determine differences in p. carinii pneumonia in patients with and without aids, the p. carinii parasite numbers, lung inflammatory cell populations, gas exchange, and survival were assessed in a series of 75 consecutive patients with p. carinii pneumonia. bronchoalveolar lavage was used to quantify the parasite and inflammatory cell numbers in thes ...19892817582
bronchoalveolar lavage in hiv infected patients with interstitial pneumonitis.the value of taking microbiological and cytological specimens by flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage under local anaesthesia was assessed on 43 occasions in 35 hiv infected children, aged 3 months to 16 years, with interstitial pneumonitis. in acute interstitial pneumonitis (n = 22, 26 specimens from bronchoalveolar lavages) the microbiological yield was 73%, pneumocystis carinii being the commonest infective agent (n = 14). p carinii pneumonia was found only in children with defici ...19892817943
aerosolized pentamidine. approved for hiv-infected individuals at high risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.aerosolized pentamidine isethionate (nebupent, lyphomed inc, rosemont, ill) was recently approved by the us food and drug administration for use in prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who are at high risk for this infection. the recommended dose is 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine isethionate administered every 4 weeks via the respirgard ii nebulizer (marquest medical products inc, englewood, colo). the drug is indicat ...19892818104
[histopathologic changes in several opportunistic infections in aids].opportunistic infections are frequent in aids patients, particularly in the last phase of the disease, when they occur both singly and in combination with other conditions (for example kaposi's sarcoma). these opportunistic infections are the cause of death in over 90% of cases. their incidence ist proof of cellular immunodeficiency. based on our observations (17 cases at the two institutes since 1984) we present and discuss the histopathological changes of some important opportunistic infection ...19892818471
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient. unusual manifestation as multiple cavitary and noncavitary peripheral pulmonary nodules and spontaneous pneumothorax.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 52-year-old homosexual aids patient is described because of its unusual manifestations of multiple cavitary and noncavitary peripheral pulmonary nodules and spontaneous pneumothorax. such manifestations might become more common in the future because of the improvement of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic measures.19892819588
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