Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| role of the exosporium in the stability of the bacillus sphaericus binary toxin. | the persistence of toxicity of the bacillus sphaericus 1593 binary toxin was compared when produced in b. sphaericus, inside the exosporium, or in a recombinant b. thuringiensis strain, outside the exosporium. the stability of the toxin crystal was affected by temperature and quality of the water, but not by the location of the production in the bacterial cell. | 1994 | 7851734 |
| new bacillus bacteriophage species. | nine new species of tailed bacillus phages, based on morphological and physicochemical properties, are defined. phage p10 is one of the largest viruses known. the total number of tailed bacillus phage species is presently 33. | 1994 | 7979971 |
| activation of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane dipeptidase upon release from pig kidney membranes by phospholipase c. | incubation of pig kidney microvillar membranes with bacillus thuringiensis or staphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) resulted in the release of a number of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored hydrolases, including alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1), amino-peptidase p (ec 3.4.11.9), membrane dipeptidase (ec 3.4.13.19), 5'-nucleotidase (ec 3.1.3.5) and trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28). of these five ectoenzymes only for membrane dipeptidase was there a signific ... | 1994 | 7980426 |
| hydrolysis of cell surface inositol phospholipid leads to the delayed stimulation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells. | in order to address the issue of how inositol phospholipid synthesis is controlled in a resting cell we looked for enhanced [3h]phosphatidylinositol (ptdins) labelling in response to the hydrolysis of cell surface ptdins. bacillus thuringiensis ptdins-plc when added to intact bovine aortic endothelial (bae) cells rapidly hydrolysed 9.1 +/- 1% of the total cellular ptdins. this result suggests that bae cells have a cell surface pool of ptdins. hydrolysis of cell surface ptdins, in contrast to the ... | 1994 | 7981239 |
| a small (2.4 mb) bacillus cereus chromosome corresponds to a conserved region of a larger (5.3 mb) bacillus cereus chromosome. | we have determined the sizes of the chromosomes of six bacillus cereus strains (range 2.4-4.3 mb) and constructed a physical map of the smallest b. cereus chromosome (2.4 mb). this map was compared to those of the chromosomes of four b. cereus strains and one b. thuringiensis strain previously determined to be 5.4-6.3 mb. of more than 50 probes, 30 were localized to the same half of the larger b. cereus and b. thuringiensis chromosomes. all 30 were also present on the small chromosome. twenty of ... | 1994 | 7984090 |
| structural and functional analysis of the promoter region involved in full expression of the cryiiia toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | the promoter region of the cryiiia toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis is composed of at least three domains: an upstream region extending from nucleotide positions -635 to -553 (with reference to the translational start codon of cryiiia), an internal region extending from nucleotide positions -553 to -367, and a downstream region extending from nucleotide position -367 to +18. deletion analysis and transcriptional fusions to the lacz gene indicate that full expression of cryiiia requires the a ... | 1994 | 7984098 |
| the relationship between phospholipid content and ca2+-atpase activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | the relationship between the phospholipid composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum and the activity of the ca2+, mg2+-stimulated atpase was analyzed by digestion of membrane phospholipids with phospholipase c and a2 enzymes of diverse specificity and by detergent extraction. phospholipase c of clostridium perfringens and clostridium welchii, that hydrolyze preferentially phosphatidylcholine (pc), inhibited the ca2+-atpase activity parallel with the depletion of phosphatidylcholine from the membrane ... | 1994 | 7986804 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus against mosquito larvae. | laboratory and field trials were carried out with two formulations of bacillus thuringiensis and four strains of bacillus sphaericus (b 42, b 64, b 87 and b 33) against mosquito larvae in different breeding habitats of tezpur, assam. lc90 of b. thuringiensis var israelensis (formulation teknar) against ae. albopictus, cx. quinquefasciatus and cx. gelidus were recorded as 0.443, 0.453 and 2.15 ppm respectively and lc90 of b. thuringiensis (deltox: vcrc b-17) against ae. albopictus, cx. quinquefas ... | 1994 | 7989680 |
| [expression of a partially modified delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in transgenic potato plants]. | a modified gene (bt77) of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis was constructed and cloned into pmon505. this binary transformation vector was introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing different helper disarmed ti-plasmids, lba4404, a281, and cbe21. these agrobacterium strains were used to transform potato stem segments (s. tuberosum, cv desiree, resy, temp, granat). regenerants were selected on kanamycin-containing media. the presence of the bt77 sequen ... | 1994 | 7990839 |
| nucleotide sequence and analysis of an insertion sequence from bacillus thuringiensis related to is150. | a 5.8-kb dna fragment encoding the cryic gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. aizawai hd229 was subcloned into the pmex7 vector for expression in escherichia coli. in addition to the 135-kda cryic delta-endotoxin, this dna fragment also encoded a 30-kda polypeptide whose open reading frame (orfx) was located less than 200 bp upstream of cryic. nucleotide sequencing showed that orfx was truncated at the 5' end, and full sequence was obtained from a second overlapping clone. sequence analy ... | 1994 | 7991668 |
| expression of mosquitocidal toxin genes in a gas-vacuolated strain of ancylobacter aquaticus. | a series of plasmids bearing the binary toxin genes of bacillus sphaericus 2297 or 2317.3, the 100-kda toxin gene of b. sphaericus ssii-1, or the 130-kda (cryivb) toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were constructed and introduced into ancylobacter aquaticus by electroporation. the transformed a. aquaticus cells exhibited significant toxicity towards mosquito larvae, demonstrating a potential use of recombinant a. aquaticus for biological control of mosquitoes. | 1994 | 7993101 |
| transfer of shuttle vectors containing bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene into wild-type b. cereus, b. brevis and b. subtilis by electroporation. | gram positive and negative bacterial shuttle vectors carrying bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) toxin gene were introduced by electroporation into wild-type bacillus cereus, b. brevis and b. subtilis. the transformation efficiencies for these bacteria were around 10(1)-10(4) transformants per micrograms dna based on the numbers of neomycin- and ampicillin-resistant colonies produced. the structure of the transferred plasmids proved identical with the original ones both in size and restriction patter ... | 1994 | 7993966 |
| location of a lepidopteran specificity region in insecticidal crystal protein cryiia from bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cryiia has both high mosquito activity and gypsy moth activity; in contrast cryiib, which is 87% homologous, displays no mosquito activity and has a three-fold lower gypsy moth activity. the regions responsible for specificity against gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) and mosquito (aedes aegypti) larvae were located by introducing mlui and xhoi sites into homologous positions within the putative domain ii of both cryiia and cryiib genes, which ... | 1994 | 7997170 |
| ligand blot identification of a manduca sexta midgut binding protein specific to three bacillus thuringiensis cryia-type icps. | the cryia(a), cryia(b) and cryia(c) bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) were used in ligand-blot experiments to detect specific binding proteins in brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of manduca sexta. we identified a protein which binds these three cryia-type icps. the apparent molecular mass of the protein, estimated on sds-page, was 210 kda as was the cryia(b) binding protein previously described by vadlamudi and col. we have also demonstrated, in ligand blot experim ... | 1994 | 8003015 |
| intracellular proteolysis and limited diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis cryia family of the insecticidal crystal proteins. | the current concept of how the highly homologous bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genes (cry genes) evolved is through recombination among themselves. the cryia gene family, which is more than 80% identical, consists of only three known genes, even through they are often found together in the same bacterium. to examine the lack of diversity among these genes, recombinatorial chimeric protein toxin genes were constructed and transformed into e. coli, b. subtilis, and b. thuring ... | 1994 | 8003016 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis beta exotoxin on ultrastructures of midgut cells of culex sitiens. | in midgut cells of culex sitiens intoxicated with beta exotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis, the microvilli are greatly reduced. in the cytoplasm there is progressive disarrangement of the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, first to spherules, and later to a granular mass. minute vacuoles appearing in the cytoplasm are parts of the distorted labyrinth and remains of the golgi membranes. there is no disintegration of the outer cell membrane, and no hypertrophy of goblet cells. nuclei rem ... | 1994 | 8005002 |
| high-density cultivation of sporeformers. | sporeformers are sources of a large number of industrially important biological products including enzymes, antibiotics, and bioinsecticides. cultivation of these microorganisms to high cell densities offers potential for enhancing the rates of formation as well as the concentration of the desired products in the fermentation broths in bioreactors. with this objective, investigations have been carried out involving fed-batch cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis, which is known to produce an ins ... | 1994 | 8010682 |
| analysis of non-active engineered bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. | crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis are known for their insecticidal specificity. this specificity is, to a large extent, determined by the interaction of the proteins with high-affinity binding sites on the epithelial membrane of the midgut of sensitive insects. in particular, domain ii of the three domains of the toxic moiety has been implicated in specificity. to determine which sequences of the protein are involved in binding, loops of domain ii which terminate in the molecular apex o ... | 1994 | 8013868 |
| fixed-wing, aerial application of liquid bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (acrobe) for control of spring aedes mosquitoes in michigan. | liquid bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (acrobe) was applied from fixed-wing aircraft at a rate of 4.68 liters of water-insecticide mixture (1.17 liter concentrate) per hectare to woodland pools in michigan. a post-treatment larval survey indicated an 88.5% reduction in aedes species larvae. a volume median diameter of 208 microns was determined. | 1994 | 8014627 |
| are d- and l-chiro-phosphoinositides substrates of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c? | derivatives of chiro-inositol have been recently shown to mediate many important biological processes. this work addresses the question of whether phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) could be involved in the generation of these chiro-inositol derivatives. two diastereomers of the analog of phosphatidylinositol containing 1d- and 1l-chiro-inositol have been synthesized. 1d-2-o-(1,2-o-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-chiro-inositol (1d-chiro-pi) was synthesized in 12 steps star ... | 1994 | 8031771 |
| ph-induced conformational transitions of cry ia(a), cry ia(c), and cry iiia delta-endotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis. | three protoxins and corresponding delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were studied by means of circular dichroism spectroscopy and size-exclusion hplc. at neutral ph, the cry iiia toxin exists only as a 65-kda monomer. the toxins of cry ia(a) and cry ia(c) exist both as 66-kda monomers and as oligomers with apparent molecular masses greater than 220 kda. at neutral ph, interconversion between monomer and oligomer is slow, and the two, separate forms exist for several days. equilibr ... | 1994 | 8031786 |
| expression in bacillus subtilis of the bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia toxin gene is not dependent on a sporulation-specific sigma factor and is increased in a spo0a mutant. | expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia gene encoding a coleoptera-specific toxin is weak during vegetative growth and is activated at the onset of the stationary phase. cryiiia'-'lacz fusions and primer extension analysis show that the regulation of cryiiia expression is similar in bacillus subtilis and in b. thuringiensis. activation of cryiiia expression was not altered in b. subtilis mutant strains deficient for the sigma h and sigma e sporulation-specific sigma factors or for minor ... | 1994 | 8045904 |
| overexpression of bacillus thuringiensis hkna, a histidine protein kinase homology, bypasses early spo mutations that result in cryiiia overproduction. | the bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia insecticidal crystal protein (icp) is a vegetatively expressed protein that is toxic to coleopteran insect larvae. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the asporogenous b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni strain eg1351, which harbors the native cryiiia-encoding 88-mda plasmid, showed a 2.5-fold overproduction of the cryiiia protein compared with that of an isogenic wild-type strain. further studies showed that neither cryiiia prot ... | 1994 | 8045905 |
| tn5401 disruption of the spo0f gene, identified by direct chromosomal sequencing, results in cryiiia overproduction in bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus thuringiensis spo0f gene was identified by chromosomal dna sequencing of sporulation mutants derived from a b. thuringiensis transposon insertion library. a spo0f defect in b. thuringiensis, which was suppressed by multicopy hkna or kina, resulted in the overproduction of the cryiiia insecticidal crystal protein. | 1994 | 8045906 |
| [multiple genes of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies galleriae]. | cloning and expression in e. coli delta-endotoxin genes cryiab7, cryig and, cryix from bacillus thuringiensis ssp galleriae has been performed. restriction mapping and partial sequencing have shown the identity of the 3'-terminal parts of cryig and cryix, although their 5'-terminal halves corresponding to the toxin are unique. sequencing 5'-flanking region of cryix revealed no translation initiation site, which indicates a nonfunctional state of the gene. the clusterized locating of the cryig an ... | 1994 | 8052249 |
| production of antibodies against bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by injecting its plasmids. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystalline delta-endotoxin proteins are plasmid encoded. specific antibodies against the delta-endotoxin were obtained in mice and rabbits by injecting isolated b. thuringiensis dna plasmids into their muscles. antibodies could be detected by elisa as early as two weeks after the first injection. they formed immunoprecipitin lines with the toxin in the ouchterlony agarose plate and neutralized the toxicity of the toxin. because no special equipment, delivery ... | 1994 | 8060297 |
| identification of the lipid moiety and further characterization of the novel lipophosphoglycan-like glycoconjugates of trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas foetus. | the lipid moiety of the lipophosphoglycan (lpg)-like glycoconjugates of trichomonas vaginalis and trichomonas foetus, parasites of the urogenital tract of human and cattle, respectively, has been isolated and characterized by a combination of enzymatic and chemical degradation, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. the carbohydrate composition of the glycan inositol lipid core is also reported. the glycan inositol core of trichomonad glycoconjugates is unique in having more than one glcn and is ... | 1994 | 8135538 |
| cytodifferentiation in tetrahymena vorax is linked to glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein assembly. | the role of glycosyl-ptdins (gpi)-anchored proteins in the cytodifferentiation of tetrahymena vorax was examined. labelling of cells with [3h]myristate or [3h]palmitate followed by electrophoresis showed an array of proteins carrying covalently bound lipids. electrophoresis of protein from cells labelled with the gpi-anchor components [3h]ins and [14c]ethanolamine revealed three polypeptides on fluorograms which have apparent molecular masses of approx. 28, 50 and 82 kda. labelled lipid associat ... | 1994 | 8141785 |
| a mixture of manduca sexta aminopeptidase and phosphatase enhances bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal cryia(c) toxin binding and 86rb(+)-k+ efflux in vitro. | cryia(c) delta-endotoxin, a member of the cryi family of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins, specifically recognizes and binds with high affinity to target proteins in the midgut of susceptible insects. protein blots of manduca sexta brush-border membranes probed with 125i-cryia(c) identify a major binding protein of 120 kda and a minor binding protein of 65 kda. monoclonal antibodies were raised against the 120-kda toxin binding protein. using isoelectric focusing and monoclonal antib ... | 1994 | 8144508 |
| detection of choristoneura fumiferana brush border membrane-binding molecules specific to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis. | brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) prepared from midguts of choristoneura fumiferana larvae were pretreated separately with the three cryia delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1. crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis of the solubilized toxin-bbmv complexes, using antibodies raised against the toxins, revealed at least two peaks for each toxin. all complexes (bbmv bound toxin) migrated in the opposite direction to that of the free toxins. it is concluded that the ... | 1994 | 8147860 |
| haemolytic activity associated with parasporal inclusion proteins of mosquito-specific bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates: a comparative neutralization study. | solubilized parasporal inclusions of the three mosquito-specific bacillus thuringiensis isolates belonging to three different h serovars, co-isolated from a single soil microhabitat, showed haemolytic activity towards mammalian erythrocytes. neutralization tests with antibodies against whole inclusion proteins resulted in crossed neutralization of haemolytic activity among the isolates and the type strain of b. thuringiensis serovar kyushuensis, indicating that the three soil isolates produce to ... | 1994 | 8150264 |
| insecticidal activity of the cryiia protein from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis and in a leaf-colonizing strain of bacillus cereus. | a 4.0-kb bamhi-hindiii fragment encoding the cryiia operon from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was cloned into escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the 2.2-kb acci-hindiii fragment containing the nrd-12 cryiia gene was identical to the hd-1 and hd-263 cryiia gene sequences. expression of cryiia and subsequent purification of cryiia inclusion bodies resulted in a protein with insecticidal activity against heliothis virescens, trichoplusia ni, and culex quinqu ... | 1994 | 8161182 |
| hemolysin ii is more characteristic of bacillus thuringiensis than bacillus cereus. | to investigate the distribution of the hemolysin ii determinant among strains of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, thirteen strains of b. cereus and fourteen strains of b. thuringiensis strains were tested for hybridization of their chromosomal dnas with a dna probe containing the b. cereus hemolysin ii gene. in addition, the production of hemolysin ii, whose activity is not inhibited by cholesterol, was tested. the presence (absence) of the hydridization response in the microorganisms ... | 1994 | 8161285 |
| a specific binding protein from tenebrio molitor for the insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. | biopesticides based on the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have attracted wide attention as safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. in this paper, we report, for the first time, the identification of a single binding protein from a coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor, that is specific for the cryiii toxin of b. thuringiensis. the protein appeared as a single band of 144 kda on radioligand and immunoblots of total proteins extracted from brush border membrane vesicles of the midgut of t. mo ... | 1994 | 8166706 |
| influence of transcriptional and translational control sequences on the expression of foreign genes in caulobacter crescentus. | the influence of expression control sequences (ecss; promoters and ribosome-binding sites [rbss]), transcriptional terminators, and gene orientation on the expression of the escherichia coli lacz gene in the gram-negative microorganisms caulobacter crescentus and e. coli was investigated. a series of broad-host-range expression vectors, based on the rk2 plasmid derivative prk248, were constructed. the ecss included the tac promoter, the promoter for the surface layer protein of c. crescentus, an ... | 1994 | 8169208 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmid ptx14-3 and its correlation with biological properties. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid ptx14-3 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis has been determined. the circular dna molecule was 7649 bp and had a g + c content of 35.1%. twenty-two open reading frames larger than 50 codons were identified. ten of these open reading frames are suggested to be protein coding regions. the existence of the polypeptides encoded by the mob14-3 and rep14-3 genes were verified by maxi-cells analysis in escherichia coli. even though the rep14-3 ... | 1994 | 8171127 |
| alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c--iv. the release from cacia porcellus organs. | 1. alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from organs of cacia porcellus by the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (piplc) of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. 2. a significant amount of alkaline phosphodiesterase i was released from both slices and homogenate of the kidney and small intestine but not from the liver or pancreas. 3. the release of the enzyme from kidney brush border membranes was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the piplc concentration. ... | 1994 | 8174751 |
| cellular toxicities and membrane binding characteristics of insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis toward cultured insect cells. | the pattern of in vitro toxicity of activated toxins from several classes of entomocidal inclusion genes from bacillus thuringiensis was measured using eight established cell lines from lepidopteran insects. protoxins representing cryia(b), cryia(c), and a mixture of all three cryia toxins (subtypes a, b, and c; from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1) were compared with the protoxin representing cryic in a bioassay which measured the viability of cultured insect cells upon exposure to entomo ... | 1994 | 8176242 |
| new serovars of bacillus thuringiensis: b. thuringiensis ser. coreanensis (serotype h25), b. thuringiensis ser. leesis (serotype h33), and b. thuringiensis ser. konkukian (serotype h34). | 1994 | 8176244 | |
| spores of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis as tracers for ingestion rates by tetrahymena pyriformis. | 1994 | 8176245 | |
| [screening and rapid identification of bacillus thuringiensis mutants]. | mutants of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki ntu 9 and bt 158, which were isolated previously for using the diamondback moth as a target insect in taiwan, were screening by either protein electrophoresis of intracellular proteins or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the optimal conditions of effective protein electrophoresis were (1) 24-hour cells harvested from nutrient broth were crashed by petite glass beads followed by centrifugation. and (2) the supernatant pretreated by heati ... | 1994 | 9747349 |
| determinants for the activity of the neutral amino acid/k+ symport in lepidopteran larval midgut | the columnar cells of lepidopteran larvae express, in their apical brush-border membrane, a class of symporters which in vivo couple the intracellularly directed amino acid and k+ fluxes. an analysis of the functional properties of the symporter for neutral amino acids along the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the larval midgut of bombyx mori demonstrated the ability of a k+ gradient to drive leucine accumulation into brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmv) in all three preparations. how ... | 1994 | 9317520 |
| a prototype neural network supervised control system for bacillus thuringiensis fermentations. | this article discusses the development of a prototype neural network-based supervisory control system for bacillus thuringiensis fermentations. the input pattern to the neural network included the type of inoculum, operation temperature, ph value, accumulated process time, optical density in fermentation medium, and change in optical density. the output from the neural network was the predicted optical density for the next sampling time. the control system has been implemented in both a computer ... | 1994 | 18615745 |
| insecticidal effects of organotin(iv) compounds on plutella xylostella (l.) larvae. ii. inhibitory potencies against acetylcholinesterase and evidence for synergism in tests with bacillus thuringiensis(ber.) and malathion. | features of pesticide synergism and acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition (in vitro) were studied using a selected range of organotin compounds against the early 4th instar larvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, a major universal pest of cruciferous vegetables.fourteen triorganotin compounds were evaluated for their ability to enhance the toxicity of the microbial insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and of the commercial insecticide, malathi ... | 1994 | 18476213 |
| isolation of bacillus thuringiensis from stored tobacco and lasioderma serricorne (f.). | bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from dried tobacco residues and dead tobacco beetles (lasioderma serricorne (f.); coleoptera: anobiidae) collected in a large number of locations worldwide. eighty-eight samples of stored tobacco were analyzed and yielded 78 b. thuringiensis strains which were characterized on the basis of parasporal crystal morphology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles, and the results of an immunoblot analysis of the insecticidal crystal prot ... | 1994 | 16349149 |
| introduction of a lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki by conjugal transfer into a bacillus megaterium strain that persists in the cotton phyllosphere. | a lepidopteran toxin gene of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 was introduced into a cotton leaf-colonizing bacillus megaterium strain, rs1, by conjugal transfer. rifampin- and nalidixic acid-resistant colonies obtained after cell mating were screened for crystal production by microscopy. a transcipient, b. megaterium rs1-43, was selected by this procedure. southern blot hybridization with both total dna and hindiii-digested dna of the transcipient showed positive si ... | 1994 | 16349152 |
| integrative cloning, expression, and stability of the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a recombinant strain of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | a bacterial endophyte was engineered for insecticidal activity against the european corn borer. the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was introduced into the chromosome of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis by using an integrative plasmid vector. the integration vectors pcg740 and pcg741 included the replicon pgem5zf(+), which is maintained in escherichia coli but not in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; tetm as a marker for selection in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; and a chromoso ... | 1994 | 16349179 |
| construction of a bioinsecticidal strain of pseudomonas fluorescens active against the sugarcane borer, eldana saccharina. | a cryia(c) gene was cloned from a native bacillus thuringiensis strain showing activity against the sugarcane borer, eldana saccharina. the sequence of the cloned gene was very similar to that of the b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 cryia(c) gene. the gene was introduced into an isolate of pseudomonas fluorescens, capable of colonizing sugarcane, on two broad-host-range plasmids, pder405 and pkt240, having copy numbers of 13 and 28, respectively. by using the omegon-km vector, the cry gene ... | 1994 | 16349194 |
| biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | [this corrects the article on p. 1821 in vol. 59.]. | 1994 | 16349206 |
| genotypic diversity among bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains. | twenty-four strains of bacillus cereus were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and compared with 12 bacillus thuringiensis strains. in addition, the 36 strains were examined for variation in 15 chromosomal genes encoding enzymes (by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis [mee]). the genome of each strain had a distinct noti restriction enzyme digestion profile by pfge, and the 36 strains could be assigned to 27 multilocus genotypes by mee. however, neither pfge nor mee analysis could ... | 1994 | 16349267 |
| determination and distribution of cry-type genes of bacillus thuringiensis isolates from taiwan. | using pcr with a set of specific oligonucleotide primers to detect cryi-type genes, we were able to screen the cry-type genes of 225 bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from taiwan without much cost in time or labor. some combinations of cry genes (the cry-type profile) in a single isolate were unique. we identified five distinct profiles of crystal genes from the b. thuringiensis soil isolates from taiwan. the cry genes included cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), cryic, cryid, and cryiv. interestin ... | 1994 | 16349324 |
| removal of adsorbed toxin fragments that modify bacillus thuringiensis cryic delta-endotoxin iodination and binding by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and renaturation. | we report that 10- and 25-kda toxin fragments adhere to cryic prepared from bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystals, block iodination, and alter membrane binding. there is no apparent affect on cryic toxicity against spodoptera exigua. associated peptides remained bound to cryic in the presence of 50 mm dithiothreitol or 6 m urea. a novel detergent-renaturation procedure was developed for the purification of b. thuringiensis cryic toxin. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) treatment followed by ge ... | 1994 | 16349357 |
| binding of insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis to the midgut brush border of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and selection for resistance to one of the crystal proteins. | the susceptibility of trichoplusia ni larvae to several bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was tested. neonatal larvae proved to be susceptible to solubilized trypsin-treated cryia(a), cryia(b), and cryia(c) (50% lethal concentrations [lc(50)s], 570, 480, and 320 ng/cm, respectively) but showed little susceptibility to cryib and cryid (lc(50)s, 5,640 and 2,530 ng/cm, respectively). the toxicity of icps was correlated to binding to the epithelial brush border of the midgu ... | 1994 | 16349420 |
| comparison of disulfide contents and solubility at alkaline ph of insecticidal and noninsecticidal bacillus thuringiensis protein crystals. | we compared two insecticidal and eight noninsecticidal soil isolates of bacillus thuringiensis with regard to the solubility of their proteinaceous crystals at alkaline ph values. the protein disulfide contents of the insecticidal and noninsecticidal crystals were equivalent. however, six of the noninsecticidal crystals were soluble only at ph values of >/=12. this lack of solubility contributed to their lack of toxicity. one crystal type which was soluble only at ph >/=12 (strain shp 1-12) did ... | 1994 | 16349421 |
| cross-resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cryif in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | selection with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which contains cryia and cryii toxins, caused a >200-fold cross-resistance to cryif toxin from b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. cryie was not toxic, but cryib was highly toxic to both selected and unselected larvae. the results show that extremely high levels of cross-resistance can be conferred across classes of cryi toxins of b. thuringiensis. | 1994 | 16349471 |
| production of virus resistant and insect tolerant transgenic tobacco plants. | the cucumber mosaic virus coat protein (cmv-cp) gene and a modified bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin (bt toxin) gene were cloned into plant expression vector pe3. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. g28) leaf discs were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens a12 carrying recombinant pe14. transgenic r0 and r1 tobacco plants expressing cmv-cp and bt toxin genes were protected from cmv infection as well as feeding damage of manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) larvae. these results demonstrate that i ... | 1994 | 24192882 |
| studies on bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from swedish soils: insect toxicity and production of b. cereus-diarrhoeal-type enterotoxin. | at moderate concentration, 23 of 40 strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from sweden were toxic to trichoplusia ni and five were toxic to aedes aegypti. five of the strains were toxic to diabrotica undecimpunctata at high concentration, two were toxic to heliothis virescens at low concentration and five produced thuringiensin (formerly called β-exotoxin). no strain was toxic towards the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua at low concentration. twenty-three of the strains produced a b. cereus-d ... | 1994 | 24421086 |
| distribution of bacillus thuringiensis strains in southern sweden. | bacillus thuringiensis strains were found to be naturally present in the soils of southern sweden, being isolated from nine out of 12 sites examined. forest soil samples were more rich in b. thuringiensis strains than soil samples collected from cultivated areas. a wide diversity of b. thuringiensis strains, representing different biochemical groups, was isolated; samples from aspö and fogdö regions showed the highest degree of diversity. | 1994 | 24420885 |
| fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | 1994 | 28567779 | |
| algae in mosquito breeding sites and the effectiveness of the mosquito larvicide bacillus thuringiensis h-14. | the presence of cyanobacteria generally decreased the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (bti) as a mosquito larvicide. the effect was more pronounced when the mosquito larvae were exposed to bti in the presence of several cyanobacterial strains. no synergistic or antagonistic effect between the δ-endotoxin from bti and the hepatotoxin from cyanobacteria was seen. neurotoxic cyanobacterial strains caused very fast paralysis in mosquito larvae; the decreases in the effectiveness of bti ... | 1993 | 24419936 |
| specific toxicity of δ-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis to bombyx mori. | two δ-endotoxins, cryia(a) and cryia(b), from bacillus thuringiensis subsp.. aizawai were used to investigate the specificity in insecticidal activity. cryia(a) was 17-fold more toxic to bomhyx mori than cryia(b). after in vitro solubilization and digestion of these δ-endotoxins, the specificity of toxicity was retained. trypsin-activated cryia(a) and cryia(b) showed specific, high affinity and saturable binding to brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) from b. mori midguts. these two toxins comp ... | 1993 | 27314769 |
| binding of an engineered 130-kda insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to insect cell lines. | 1993 | 27281006 | |
| transformation of liquidambar styraciflua using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | we describe the molecular transformation of liquidambar styraciflua using agrobacterium tumefaciens. a binary ti-plasmid vector containing a chimeric neomycin phosphotransferagene which confers resistance to kanamycin and either a chimeric bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene, a chimeric e. coli β-glucuronida(gus), or a chimeric tobacco anionic peroxidase gene was introduced into sweetgum by co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. sweetgum shoots regenerated in the presence of kanamycin were ... | 1993 | 24197252 |
| resistance to toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki causes minimal cross-resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | repeated exposure in the field followed by laboratory selection produced 1,800- to >6,800-fold resistance to formulations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. four toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki [cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c), and cryiia] caused significantly less mortality in resistant larvae than in susceptible larvae. resistance to b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki formulations and toxins did not affect the response to c ... | 1993 | 16348929 |
| biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was evaluated for its potential use in an alternative icp screening method and in the characterization of icp receptors. in vivo biological activity of cryia(b), as inferred from bioassays with manduca sexta and ostrinia nubilalis and from histopathological effects on o. nubilalis midgut cells induced by force feeding, was not affected by biotinylation at moderate biotinylation ratios. a competitive radioreceptor assay ... | 1993 | 16348959 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin receptors in the midgut brush border membrane of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | binding of three bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) to the midgut epithelium of ostrinia nubilalis larvae was characterized by performing binding experiments with both isolated brush border membrane vesicles and gut tissue sections. our results demonstrate that two independent icp receptors are present in the brush border of o. nubilalis gut epithelium. from competition binding experiments performed with i-labeled and native icps it was concluded that cryia(b) and cryia( ... | 1993 | 16348960 |
| nonenzymatic glycosylation of lepidopteran-active bacillus thuringiensis protein crystals. | we used high-ph anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to quantify the monosaccharides covalently attached to bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 (dipel) crystals. the crystals contained 0.54% sugars, including, in decreasing order of prevalence, glucose, fucose, arabinose/rhamnose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, xylose, and mannose. three lines of evidence indicated that these sugars arose from nonenzymatic glycosylation: (i) the sugars could not be removed by n- or o- ... | 1993 | 16349021 |
| expression of cryiva and cryivb genes, independently or in combination, in a crystal-negative strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cryiva and cryivb genes, encoding the 125- and 135-kda proteins, respectively, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were cloned either alone or together into a shuttle vector and expressed in a nontoxic strain of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the cryivb protein was produced at a high level during sporulation and accumulated as inclusions; in contrast, the cryiva polypeptide did not form such structures unless it was cloned on a higher-copy-number plasmid. transcriptional fusi ... | 1993 | 16349095 |
| production of bacillus thuringiensis spores in total cell retention culture and two-stage continuous culture using an internal ceramic filter system. | the production of bacillus thuringiensis spores was investigated in a bioreactor incorporating a ceramic membrane filter to improve spore concentration and volumetric productivity. two cultivation methods were used in this study: a total cell retention culture (tcrc), and a two-stage continuous culture with partial cell bleeding. in the tcrc, fed by 50 g/l of glucose, a spore concentration of 1.6 x 10(10) cfu/ml was obtained with a spore percentage of greater than 95% and a maximum cell mass of ... | 1993 | 18613240 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the toxic domain of an insecticidal protein gene from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1]. | two crystal protein genes, the 5.3kb and 6.6kb class respectively, from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 (b. t hd-1) had been cloned previously. based on the classification system of hofte and whiteley, these two genes should belong to cry i a (b) and cry i a (c) gene type respectively. the nucleotide sequence of the toxic domain of this cry i a (c) gene from b. t kurstaki hd-1 is firstly reported here and compared with that of cry i a (c) gene from b. t hd-73 and cry i a (b) gene fro ... | 1993 | 8178516 |
| insect tolerance of transgenic populus nigra plants transformed with bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene. | leaves and stem segments of populus nigra were transformed with a. tumefaciens lba4404 harboring a binary vector containing chimeric genes of npt and 35s-omega-b.t. toxin-nos. nineteen regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were analyzed by dna hybridization, out of which 10 were shown to be the candidates of transgenic plants. insect tolerance tests showed that the transgenic plants were toxic to two lepidopteran pests, lymantria dispar l. and apocheimia cinerarius erschoff. based on the result ... | 1993 | 8061230 |
| [hygienic standardization of biological insecticide contents and biological factory waste in soil]. | 1993 | 8063150 | |
| [the suitability of bacterial preparations intended for mosquito control in salt water]. | laboratory experiments have brought the authors to a conclusion on the efficacy of b. thuringiensis and b. sphaericus-based insecticides in salty water mosquito breeding sites. species difference of mosquito larvae susceptibility to the insecticides related to salt concentration in water were detected. | 1993 | 8041317 |
| [laboratory studies of the usefulness of biopreparation dipel in reducing the german cockroach (blattella germanica l.) population]. | in the studies conducted for finding of biological factors effectively controlling insects of hygienic importance german cockroaches were subjected to the action of an insecticide containing spores of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. one gram of the insecticide contained 25 miliard (us billion) spores with protein endotoxin crystals. the insects were given drinking water and food containing 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125% of the initial preparation. the experiment was carried out on 1800 cockroac ... | 1993 | 8016546 |
| [the acute toxicity of a bacterial insecticidal preparation containing a beta-exotoxin]. | the acute toxicity of a new bulgarian bioinsecticide preparation is determined, produced on the basis of bacillus thuringiensis containing 0.1% beta-exotoxin by oral, dermal, inhalational and intraperitoneal introduction in experimental animals. the evaluation of the toxicity is performed by a complex of toxicometric, integral, haematologic and pathologicoanatomic methods according to the who and usa criteria for studying the safety of the microbic agents for plant protection. it is already esta ... | 1993 | 7845961 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis environmental isolates showing larvicidal activity specific for mosquitoes. | seven mosquito-specific strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated in japan were examined for their flagellar (h) antigenicities and the properties of parasporal inclusion proteins. they were assigned to six h serovars: serovar fukuokaensis (h 3ade); serovar canadensis (h 5ac); serovar darmstadiensis (h 10); serovar kyushuensis (h 11ac); serovar shandongiensis (h 22); and an undescribed serovar belonging to h serotype 20. purified parasporal inclusions exhibited moderate mosquito larvicidal acti ... | 1993 | 7903978 |
| alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. iii. the release from tumor cells. | 1. alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from two tumor cell lines, kb iii or ah-130 cells, by the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (piplc) of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. 2. a significant amount of alkaline phosphodiesterase i was released from both the cell suspension and homogenate of kb iii cells, but not from ah-130 cells. 3. the release of the enzyme from kb iii cells was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the piplc or cell concentrations. ... | 1993 | 7904575 |
| mosquitocidal toxins of bacilli and their genetic manipulation for effective biological control of mosquitoes. | the identification, cloning, and characterization of protein toxins from various species of bacilli have demonstrated the existence of mosquitocidal toxins with different structures, mechanisms of action, and host ranges. a start has been made in understanding the polypeptide determinants of toxicity and insecticidal activity, and the purification of toxins from recombinant organisms may lead to the elucidation of their x-ray crystal structures and the cloning of brush border membrane receptors. ... | 1993 | 7905597 |
| tolerance of sewage treatment plant microorganisms to mosquitocides. | beneficial protozoa and rotifers collected from a wastewater treatment plant in panama city, fl, were tested for tolerance to 11 commonly used mosquito larvicides and adulticides in the laboratory. the acute effects were assessed using selected concentrations of the adulticides fenthion, malathion, naled, permethrin, and resmethrin; and the larvicides bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, diflubenzuron, larviciding oil, methoprene, and temephos for the following microorganism ... | 1993 | 8126488 |
| [actual and potential possibilities of using delta-endotoxins of bacillus spp. for control of harmful and nuisance insects]. | 1993 | 8128722 | |
| effect of rice husbandry on mosquito breeding at mwea rice irrigation scheme with reference to biocontrol strategies. | a study was carried out at mwea rice irrigation scheme, kenya, to assess the impact of rice husbandry on mosquito breeding and identify indigenous biocontrol agents with potential for controlling mosquito breeding in the scheme. the study established a close relationship between the schedule of the farming practices (particularly the flooding phase) and mosquito breeding. two groups of agents, entomopathogenic bacteria (bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) and larvivorous fish, were identifi ... | 1993 | 8096871 |
| application of bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis h-14) for controlling mosquito breeding in industrial scrap at bhel, hardwar (u.p.). | bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis) was evaluated in field trials for controlling mosquito breeding of aedes, culex and anopheles in industrial scraps such as broken heavy machine parts, iron moulds and discarded drums. a dose of 0.5 g/m2 was controlled 96-100% mosquito breeding up to five weeks. | 1993 | 8100539 |
| effect of temperature on toxicity of two bioinsecticides spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis) against larvae of four vector mosquitoes. | two bioinsecticide preparations, viz. spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis h-14), were tested in the laboratory against larvae of anopheles culicifacies, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti at different temperatures. the lcs50 of spherix against iii instar larvae of these species at 27 +/- 2 degrees c were 2.0, 0.19, 0.05 and > 40 mg/litre, respectively and those of bactoculicide were 0.32, 0.16, 0.06 and 0.03 mg/litre, respectively. t ... | 1993 | 8100540 |
| [the efficacy of the biological insecticide blp with regard to the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes in uzbekistan]. | the efficacy of a biologic larvicidal preparation blp was under study; the insecticide was prepared on the basis of a new strain of b. thuringiensis var. israilensis h-14, isolated from natural material, and its activity to ae. caspiens, c. pipiens, an. hyrcanus larvae was examined. the minimal effective dose of blp used for the treatment of various water bodies is 0.5 kg per 10,000 m2. blp is permitted by the ministry of health and the ministry of fishery of the russian federation for mosquito ... | 1993 | 8101630 |
| recent advances in vector control in filariasis. | three factors are involved when vector control is incorporated into an integrated control program for filariasis: (1) the vector species or species complex of each filarial worm; (2) type of control measures employed; (3) pesticide application. recent advances in vector control in filariasis include the use of bed nets, environmental manipulation, insecticides and biological control. three promising advances in vectrol control are the use of pathogenic bacteria such as bacillus thuringiensis h-1 ... | 1993 | 7973950 |
| [the nature of the interrelations of different bacillus thuringiensis serotypes between themselves and other species of the genus bacillus]. | intraspecies interrelations between representatives of 7 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis, as well as antagonistic interrelations between b. thuringiensis and 130 strains of 16 species of bacillus bacteria were studied. antagonistic activity was determined for 18 strains, representatives of genus bacillus, with respect to b. thuringiensis var. tuviensis. antagonism was the most pronounced between the strains of the alesti serotype and representatives of other serotypes as well as between the ... | 1993 | 8025694 |
| is an amphiphilic region responsible for the haemolytic activity of bacillus thuringiensis toxin? | the amino acid sequence of the 27 kda protein responsible for the haemolytic activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin has been analysed by secondary structure prediction, helical wheel/net diagrams and molecular mechanics calculations. we found that segment 116-126 presumably forms a strongly amphiphilic alpha-helix. this is supported by the findings that the synthesized segment 116-126 (a) has a significant alpha-helical content in water, and (b) displays an in vitro haemolyt ... | 1993 | 8307684 |
| an analysis of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin action on insect-midgut-membrane permeability using a light-scattering assay. | changes in the membrane permeability of manduca sexta midgut brush-border-membrane vesicles (bbmv) after addition of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins were studied using osmotic swelling experiments, volume changes being monitored as the change in 90 degrees light scattering. typically, control bbmv exhibited limited permeability for sucrose and salts (kcl), while being permeable for urea and glucose. the action of delta-endotoxin was examined using proteolytically activated cry-ia(c) and ... | 1993 | 8319686 |
| x chromosome variations of bacillus thuringiensis supernatant resistance and ribosomal dna content in drosophila melanogaster wild-type oregon r lines. | we have used the supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis cultures to follow variations of the ribosomal dna content in a wild-type oregon r line of drosophila melanogaster. these variations are revealed by differences in the degree of resistance to the lethal effect of the supernatant added in the culture medium. different x chromosomes, all originated from the same x chromosome, confer different degrees of resistance. increases and reductions in the number of the x ribosomal dna transcriptional u ... | 1993 | 8335478 |
| [the efficacy of entomopathogenic bacilli against ancylostomide larvae--nippostrongylus braziliensis travassons, 1914]. | effects of seven bioinsecticides, containing bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus toxins, against n. braziliensis larvae were studied in vitro. bitoxibacillin, astur-3, astur-4, gomelin, lepidocide, dendrobacillin, thuringin and sphaerix were found highly effective larvicides. protein endotoxin was the principal component responsible for the larvicidal effect, the spores were of no importance. | 1993 | 8336643 |
| [the effect of water temperature on the action of bacterial insecticides against mosquito larvae]. | the ld50 logarithm of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus toxins effects on the larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens is in inverse correlation with the water temperature. the influence of the temperature on the toxins effect on c. pipiens larvae is higher than that for a. aegypti larvae. similarly, b. sphaericus toxin effect depends on the water temperature to a greater measure than that of b. thuringiensis toxin. the authors predict a high efficacy of b. sphaericus-based insecticides ... | 1993 | 8336659 |
| purification and cdna cloning of bovine liver 5'-nucleotidase, a gpi-anchored protein, and its expression in cos cells. | a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored protein, 5'-nucleotidase [ec 3.1.3.5], was released from the membrane of bovine liver by use of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) of bacillus thuringiensis and purified by several column chromatographies to a homogeneous state. the purified protein has an apparent molecular mass of 61 kda, as estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. from the partial amino acid sequence of a tryptic peptide, mixed oligonucleotides were ... | 1993 | 8340354 |
| a 20-kilodalton protein preserves cell viability and promotes cyta crystal formation during sporulation in bacillus thuringiensis. | the effect of a 20-kda protein on cell viability and cyta crystal production in its natural host, bacillus thuringiensis, was studied by expressing the cyta gene in the absence or presence of this protein. in the absence of the 20-kda protein, b. thuringiensis cells either were killed during sporulation (strain cryb) or produced very small cyta crystals (strain 4q7). expression of cyta in the presence of the 20-kda protein, however, preserved cell viability, especially in strain cryb, and in bot ... | 1993 | 8349568 |
| compatibility of cyclopoid copepods with mosquito insecticides. | larvivorous copepods (macrocyclops, mesocyclops and acanthocyclops) were tested for their sensitivities to commonly used mosquito larvicides and adulticides. the cyclopoids were not harmed by bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) (b.t.i.) or larviciding oil. control of mosquito larvae in field trials was accelerated by applying b.t.i. at the same time cyclopoids were introduced to a breeding site. among adulticides tested, the cyclopoids were least sensitive to permethrin. field trials demonstrated that ... | 1993 | 8350070 |
| investigations on possible resistance in aedes vexans field populations after a 10-year application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | in the upper rhine valley (germany), bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis has been widely used against floodwater mosquitoes over an area of approximately 500 km2 for more than 10 years. the susceptibility of larvae of aedes vexans field populations in 3 untreated (lake constance) and 3 treated areas (upper rhine valley) was assessed by means of bioassays with b.t.i. (bactimos wp, 6,000 aau/mg), following who guidelines. log-probit analyses and statistical evaluations of the data showed that ... | 1993 | 8350079 |
| purification and characterization of a trypsin-like digestive enzyme from spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) responsible for the activation of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | a trypsin-like enzyme purified from spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) gut juice has a molecular mass of 25 kda and its ph activity profile indicates a pka of 8. sequence homology with bovine trypsin of the n-terminus and active site, and the ionization dependence for catalysis, reflect the typical trypsin-like activities measured. the action of this enzyme (designated cft-1) is compared to the neat gut juice with regard to the proteolytic activation of the delta-endotoxin from bacillus t ... | 1993 | 8353523 |
| insect-resistant chrysanthemum calluses by introduction of a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | a 3'-end truncated crystal protein gene, derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. aizawai 7.21, encoding the toxic fragment of the insecticidal protein cryia(b), was constructed. the gene was inserted into a transformation vector, also carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene and the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene, and introduced in the oncogenic agrobacterium tumefaciens strain a281, harbouring the ti-plasmid ptibo542. the recombinant agrobacterium strain was used to trans ... | 1993 | 8353535 |
| [the role of bacillus thuringiensis in natural biocenoses]. | the results of the author's data and those from literature on ecology and genetic exchange of bacillus thuringiensis strains have been analyzed in this brief review. it has been concluded that there is no strict confinement of b. thuringiensis strains of the particular serotypes to certain habitat and that the bacteriocinogenicity is of great importance in the intraspecies competition and stability of strains in nature. it has been emphasized that the plasmid conjugation process in b. thuringien ... | 1993 | 8355625 |
| use of synthetic peptides to probe functional domains of a bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | two 10-residue peptides exhibiting sequence homology to cryia(a) toxin were chemically synthesized. one corresponds to a segment from residues 48-57 (peptide a) and is common to all cryia toxins and the second corresponds to a segment from residues 348-357 (peptide b) and is specific to the cryia(a) toxin. antibodies were raised in rabbits against both peptides. antipeptide a did not protect either bombyx mori or choristoneura fumiferana larvae against cryia(a) toxin. however, antipeptide b offe ... | 1993 | 8360514 |
| [creation of a hybrid protein gene based on bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins cryiiia and cria(a) and expression of its derivatives in escherichia coli]. | the 5'-terminal fragment (containing 1-565th codons) of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis gene for the coleoptera-specific delta-endotoxin cryiiia was cloned. this sequence was extended with either only a homologous fragment of cryia(a) or that one together with in-frame nptii or gus coding sequences. the obtained gene derivatives were expressed in e. coli. the analysis of hybrid polypeptides confirmed the enzymatic activities of bifunctional proteins and showed toxic properties of "insect ... | 1993 | 8361500 |