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animal models for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892651654
in vitro studies of pneumocystis carinii. 19892651655
ultrastructural studies of pneumocystis carinii. 19892651656
immunological studies of pneumocystis carinii. 19892651657
identification of antigens specific for pneumocystis carinii. 19892651658
clinical studies of pneumocystis carinii and relationships to aids. 19892651659
novel diagnostic tests for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). 19892652676
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its treatment in patients with aids.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the commonest opportunistic infection in aids patients. the diagnosis should be strongly suspected in patients who are cyanosed and who present with interstitial pneumonia. the management of pcp in aids patients is very similar to that in other groups with the same infection. trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp/smz) combinations or pentamidine remain the therapies of choice. side effects of tmp/smz are much greater in aids patients than in other immuno-sup ...19892654117
acute hepatic failure: the emerging role of orthotopic liver transplantation.from 1985 through 1987, we diagnosed acute hepatic failure in 13 patients. spontaneous recovery occurred in three of these patients. eight patients underwent liver transplantation, five of whom survived and three of whom died. in addition, two patients died before undergoing transplantation. the survival rate of 62% was better than that among our previous series of similar patients. this improvement seems to be related to the use of orthotopic liver transplantation as a therapeutic alternative a ...19892654498
the use of a simple exercise test for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.because pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is so common among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), a quick, simple test to evaluate for its presence or absence would be helpful. we report our results on the role of an exercise blood gas test as a useful procedure for the detection of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with respiratory symptoms who have or who are at risk for developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). results show that a normal exerc ...19892658699
high-dose corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.overwhelming pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) carries a poor prognosis. patients who require mechanical ventilation have up to a 90% mortality rate despite vigorous treatment. although there are theoretic contraindications to steroid use in severely immunocompromised individuals, case reports of aids patients with pcp either inadvertently or intentionally given steroids have shown benefit. we report a series of seven patients whose a ...19892660289
zidovudine for treating aids. what physicians need to know.zidovudine (retrovir) is the only drug found to be useful for managing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex. the drug is virostatic, ie, it prevents replication of hiv by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase. zidovudine is well tolerated and provides short-term benefits by improving the quality of life and extending survival time. it is expensive and can be toxic, however, so its use requires close ...19892662155
pentamidine for the prevention and treatment of p. carinii pneumonia.pentamidine is effective in both the treatment and the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the agent may be administered by slow intravenous infusion or aerosol, although intravenous therapy is associated with a wide range of adverse reactions, including nephrotoxicity, hypoglycemia and neutropenia. toxic effects may occur in up to 25 percent of patients.19892662725
pulmonary disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice of many haematological disorders but its success is limited by two major complications, graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) and pulmonary disorders. of the first 31 patients transplanted at st. james's hospital (1984-1986) 16 (52%) had a successful outcome. of the 15 patients who died, two died of gvhd and one of recurrent leukaemia. all others had severe pulmonary disease either causing death directly (9 cases) or contributing to death from to ...19892663767
[infectious diseases in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin].cyclosporin (cya) is now recognized as an effective immunosuppressant to lead to a marked improvement in graft survival in organ transplant recipients. although the incidence of infection in the cya group has been decreased compared with that in the azathioprine group, infectious diseases in 400 kidney transplant recipients treated with cya were noted in our single center. treatment strategy for infectious diseases: antibiotics and/or gamma-globulin were administered to all recipients with bacte ...19892664294
[anatomo-pathologic findings in 25 autopsy cases of aids].pathologic findings in 25 autopsies of aids. the common and severe changes of the central nervous system, lungs, adrenals, heart, kidneys and gonads are reviewed in a series of autopsies of aids. in the brain, hiv infection induces directly inflammatory infiltrates including the typical multinucleated giant cells described by sharer. in addition, primary lymphomas are seen as well as reactive and inflammatory lesions that are caused by opportunistic infections, such as those of poliomavirus, cyt ...19892664674
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: pathophysiology, therapy, and prevention.the continuing growth of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic has caused a parallel increase in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pcp has a wide spectrum of severity, from mild disease to severe parenchymal lung damage. outcome is determined by severity of lung injury, the underlying physical condition of the patient, and concomitant infections. both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and pentamidine are effective therapeutic agents; however, both cause a ...19892664934
tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.because of the abnormalities of host defenses caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), persons with hiv infection are vulnerable to tuberculosis. inferential data from several parts of the country indicate increases in tuberculosis case rates, probably occurring in patients with hiv infection. in a person infected with both hiv and mycobacterium tuberculosis, attack rates of tuberculosis seem to be very high. in general, the disease tends to occur earlier in the course of hiv infection ...19892664935
prolonged paralysis associated with long-term pancuronium use.we cared for a 4-year-old patient who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation and was placed on a ventilator for respiratory distress associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the neuromuscular blocking agent pancuronium bromide 1.0-1.2 mg every hour as needed was used to facilitate artificial ventilation for 40 days. on discontinuation of pancuronium, the patient experienced severe, generalized neuromuscular dysfunction. because no improvement was seen for 2 weeks, the acetylcholin ...19892666960
aerosolized pentamidine in hiv. promising new treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life-threatening disease diagnosed in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). patients treated for their initial episode are at risk for recurrence of the disease. hiv-positive patients with low t4 lymphocyte counts are also at risk. conventional treatment regimens with parenteral pentamidine isethionate (pentam 300) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole have a 50% to 60% incidence of serious adverse effects and a 20% to 40% rat ...19892666972
pneumocystis carinii antibody testing.sera from blood donors and patients from all over scotland were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using pneumocystis carinii antigen from infected rat lung. antibody was found in 76 of 488 (15.6%) of patients tested on clinical grounds but in only 13 of 148 (8.8%) blood donors. the antibody rates were higher in disease groups likely to have or develop p carinii pneumonia: in those with histologically confirmed or strongly suspected p carinii pneumonia the rate was 14 of 24 (58.3%); in thos ...19892671053
induced sputum to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed pediatric patients. 19892671329
economic and policy implications of early intervention in hiv disease.early medical intervention in human immunodeficiency virus disease has far-reaching implications for the health care system of the united states. several factors are enabling the medical community to begin intervention prior to a patient's diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. these factors include an understanding of the biologic markers of disease progression; advances in antiviral therapeutics; and an improved ability to control the most common presenting opportunistic infection, p ...19892671418
early results of single lung transplantation in patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis.three patients underwent single left lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis between june and november 1987. preoperatively all were housebound, receiving continuous, supplemental oxygen, and their pulmonary function had deteriorated despite corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy. pulmonary preservation was by means of pulmonary arterial perfusion with modified euro-collins solution, 60 ml/kg, at 4 degrees c with adjunctive iloprost (synthetic prostacyclin) infusion. the heart ...19892671509
immunobiology of pneumocystis carinii. 19892671972
isolation and expression of the pneumocystis carinii thymidylate synthase gene.the thymidylate synthase (ts) gene from pneumocystis carinii has been isolated from complementary and genomic dna libraries and expressed in escherichia coli. the coding sequence of ts is 891 nucleotides, encoding a 297-amino acid protein of mr 34,269. the deduced amino acid sequence is similar to ts from other organisms and is most closely related to the enzyme from saccharomyces cerevisiae with 65% identity. ts is found on a 330-kilobase-pair chromosome in p. carinii. while ts and dihydrofolat ...19892671992
improved survival in patients with aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) causing acute respiratory failure (arf) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has been reported in several studies to have a mortality of 84 to 100 percent. a recent report found a 42 percent survival rate. we followed 58 patients with aids who required positive pressure ventilation and identified 33 patients with pcp and arf who had a pao2/fio2 level less than 150 mmhg. we report the survival of 12 of these 33 (36 percent). the mean dura ...19892676392
laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia.laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of pneumonia are discussed. gram's stain and culture of the sputum are still the most useful techniques for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. antigen detection can provide a rapid diagnosis and contribute to the initial choice of therapy in infections caused by haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia psittaci and pneumocystis carinii.19892677980
pneumocystis carinii infection and interstitial plasma cell pneumonia: what does history teach?pneumocystis carinii is a special organism that causes a variety of host reactions depending on the resistance and immune response. the disease was originally observed in premature and newborn infants, associated with interstitial plasma cell infiltrates, which lead to rapid suffocation of the infant. an understanding of all aspects of the disease and all its patterns is required in view of the worldwide epidemic of immune deficiency of various etiologies associated with the nearly ubiquitous in ...19892678332
the biology of pneumocystis carinii.some basic biologic aspects of pneumocystis are reviewed. from the available data, it is evident that only two stages, the trophozoite and the cyst, have been described, but that the complete life cycle is unknown. both of these two stages are found in the alveoli and other tissues of hosts with some forms of immune suppression, but rarely in healthy ones. the current views of how trophozoites evolve into cysts is outlined. no agreement about the classification of pneumocystis has been reached, ...19892678333
ultrastructure of pneumocystis carinii: a review of internal and surface characteristics.electron microscopy (em) shows unique characteristics of pneumocystis carinii (pc) that are impossible to appreciate by light microscopy. em's major contribution is in its elucidation of the pc life cycle, the host-parasite interaction of pc, and less so, of pc's taxonomy. difficulty with em stems from the propensity of pc to undergo degeneration and from the dearth of studies of well-preserved organisms. ultrastructurally, the foamy alveolar cast (fac) is composed of intimately associated cysts ...19892678334
immunohistochemistry of pneumocystis carinii.the recent explosion in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic brought about an increased need for specific markers that recognize pneumocystis carinii. newly developed antibodies mark cyst and/or trophozoites, but have not been thoroughly characterized. while the sensitivity of the immunocytochemical method appears greater than that offered by the giemsa strain, it is only slightly better than that of gms stain. that slight edge in sensitivity warrants the use of immunostaining in spe ...19892678335
rapid cytologic diagnosis of pneumocystis: a comparison of effective techniques.there has been a dramatic increase in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and immunosuppression. cytologic specimens including random and induced sputum samples, bronchoscopic washings, bronchoalveolar lavage, and fine needle and open lung biopsies can all be used for a rapid, accurate, and economical pcp diagnosis. of these, bronchoalveolar lavage has emerged as the most diagnostic specimen, but the diagnostic yield of induced sput ...19892678336
cavitation and other atypical manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.in the 1980s, under the impact of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has become the prime infectious manifestation of this condition. in addition to the well-recognized "classic" features of this disease, several unusual manifestations are being recognized with increasing frequency. we presently review and illustrate the following "atypical" manifestations of pcp: (1) interstitial lung responses that include diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis oblite ...19892678337
pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has focused attention on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). of special significance are the following key issues. (1) pcp in the aids patient can be clinically different than in the non-aids patient. (2) the morphologic expressions of pcp in both aids and non-aids patients are considerably more diverse than previously believed. (3) rapid diagnostic methods that unequivocally demonstrate the pc microorganisms in the tissue and secretions ...19892678338
the pathology of treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.post-mortem examinations were conducted in 28 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and biopsy-proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who had been treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, intravenous infusion [roche]) and/or pentamidine isethionate. according to the evolution of the pulmonary process, the cases were classified into three groups. group i ("fulminant" pcp) was composed of eight patients who died during the first week of the disease. although ...19892678339
[hiv infection caused by kidney transplant: case report and review of 18 published cases].since 1985 organ donors are routinely tested for the presence of hiv-antibodies, but prior to that time several patients acquired hiv-infection from grafts. in may 1984 a 65-year-old woman on hemodialysis received a cadaver kidney graft from a young iv drug addict. the transplant functioned perfectly with cyclosporin a immunosuppression. retrospectively, 22 days after surgery hiv antigen was detected. at this time only a faint band of anti-p24 antibodies was found in the western blot. two years ...19892678439
measurement of lung tissue mass in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.transmission-emission scanning of the thorax with a flood source of technetium-99m (99mtc), autologous 99mtc labelled red blood cells, and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (99mtc dtpa) allows measurement of thoracic tissue thickness and blood and interstitial volume per pixel of the gamma camera image. volume of blood or interstitium per pixel divided by pixel area gives the thoracic tissue thickness for these two compartments. a measure of lung tissue thickness may be obtained by subtracting ...19892678578
diagnostic parasitology.diagnosis of parasitic infections in small animals is challenging, interesting, and fun, and involves the recognition of parasite stages based on size, morphology, color, and movement. size and morphology are the major diagnostic parameters, and a calibrated microscope is the essential tool in the diagnostic laboratory. the fecal flotation technique is used routinely for the diagnosis of most parasites that reside within the gastrointestinal tract. the specific gravity and type of solution used ...19892678716
prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an update.note from dr. merle a. sande--we have recently come to appreciate the fact that successful chemotherapy of opportunistic infections in patients with aids is akin to treatment of certain malignancies: in both instances, induction, followed by maintenance, therapy is required. although control of initial infections is usually successful with current regimens, relapse is common if lifelong prophylactic or suppressive therapy is not used. this is true in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected i ...19892681438
isolation and expression of the pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase gene.pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: nadp+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.5.1.3) cdna sequences have been isolated by their ability to confer trimethoprim resistance to escherichia coli. consistent with the recent conclusion that p. carinii is a member of the fungi, sequence analysis and chromosomal localization show that dhfr is neither physically nor genetically linked to thymidylate synthase. expression of recombinant p. carinii dhfr in heterologous hosts provid ...19892682653
the role of aerosolized pentamidine in management of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infections. 19892683420
nih conference. pneumocystis pneumonia: from bench to clinic.pneumocystis carinii is an intriguing organism found almost exclusively in the lungs. very little is known about this organism's biologic or epidemiologic character. over the past two decades, p. carinii has been recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of pneumonia in cancer patients, transplant recipients, and patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). with the increased number of cases of p. carinii pneumonia and a greater emphasis on studying this organism, sophist ...19892683916
granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis.a 62-year-old man with untreated, well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, presenting with progressive dyspnea, was found on open lung biopsy to have multiple necrotizing granulomas that on frozen section were initially called tuberculosis. routine grocott methenamine-silver stain showed these to contain pneumocystis carinii organisms. a review of the literature shows that this is an unusual histologic presentation that can occur in a wide variety of immunosuppressed states, including the acqui ...19892684091
detection of thoracic infections by nuclear medicine techniques in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the challenge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) for nuclear medicine has been the early detection of related intrathoracic opportunistic infections, inflammatory conditions, and neoplasms. gallium-67 citrate scanning has proved a sensitive test not only for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia but for many of the other opportunistic infections and malignancies, including mycobacterial infections and lymphoma. patterns and intensity of gallium uptake may suggest more specific diagnoses. ...19892685873
[pseudotumoral pneumocystosis: one case and a review of the literature].pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of these opportunistic infections that are so frequently observed in immunodepressed patients. the usual radiological image is one of interstitial pneumonia. we report the case of a misleading and unusual pseudotumoral form in a female patient with non-hodgkin malignant lymphoma. the course of the pneumonia was favourable after cotrimoxazole therapy, partial surgical resection and prophylaxis of relapses by inhaled pentamidine.19892685966
fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections after bone marrow transplantation.as a part of the diagnostic procedure for 16 suspected pulmonary infections in 15 marrow transplant recipients fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), transbronchial lung biopsy (tbb) and brushing were performed. cytomegalovirus (cmv) was the most common microorganism and cmv pneumonia was diagnosed in 8/16 (50%) episodes of pulmonary disease studied. pneumonias were diagnosed as caused by candida or aspergillus species in 6 episodes and by gram-positive cocci in 2 cases. aden ...19892685983
zidovudine treatment of aids and arc in denmark 1987.in 1987, a total of 138 danish patients (94 aids and 44 arc) received treatment with zidovudine, a total observation period of 572 treatment months. 15 aids and 1 arc patient died after a median of 70 days (range 2-295). in the arc group 4 patients developed aids (3 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1 kaposi's sarcoma). among the aids patients 38 new opportunistic infections were reported. 24 of these opportunistic infections occurred within 6 weeks after treatment initiation. 79 patients were obs ...19892685984
[pulmonary complications in aids].adult patients suffering from infection with the hiv-virus acquire pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in nearly 80 per cent and in the half of all patients the basic disease aids has been detected by this lung infection. in childhood the patients with aids show most frequently interstitial lung diseases due to pneumocystis carinii or to lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. also recurrent bacterial pneumonia may frequently occur, likewise infections with the cytomegalovirus or the epstein-barr-virus caus ...19892689758
prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a logical management strategy for patient populations that have a high incidence of this infectious complication. appropriate populations for consideration would include those with human immunodeficiency virus infection, recent recipients of bone marrow or solid organ transplants, children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and adults with t cell leukemias. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given twice daily (2.5 mg of trimethoprim/kg and 12.5 mg o ...19892690301
infections in compromised hosts: considerations on prevention.compromised patients are predisposed to the acquisition of resistant bacteria from the hospital environment. in compromised hosts, gram-negative bacillary and staphylococcal infection is often nosocomial, being a result of the severity of the underlying disease and frequent and/or prolonged hospitalizations. the level of colonization of these patients by gram-negative bacilli can be reduced by the use of effective antibiotics administered to the oropharyngeal area or administered orally, by care ...19892693110
[new trends in combined transplantation of the heart and lungs].heart-lung transplantation is a surgical alternative for patients with end-stage lung disease with associated right heart failure. while the procedure is very promising, the morbidity and mortality remain high. the current understanding of the proper selection of candidates, procurement and preservation of donor organs, operative procedure and postoperative care continues to evolve. at the university of pittsburgh, 70 heart-lung transplantations have been performed since 1982. early infection an ...19892693175
[respiratory infectious complications in patients with lung cancer].since respiratory infectious complications in lung cancer cases are major obstacles for adequate or intensive anticancer chemotherapy, they often affect prognosis unfavorably. such respiratory infections secondary to lung cancer generally occur on the basis of defects of the defence mechanism against infections due to disturbance in the clearance system in sites peripheral to bronchial obstruction or stenosis. the lowered concentration of antimicrobial agents at the site of infection, resulting ...19892693782
the place of lung 99mtc dtpa aerosol transfer in the investigation of lung infections in hiv positive patients.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common cause of pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients, but other pneumonias remain important, i.e. streptococcal and mycobacterial infections. a definitive diagnosis relies on obtaining samples from the lung either noninvasively (induced sputum), or invasively (bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial or open lung biopsy). we have used the noninvasive technique of nebulized 99mtc dtpa transfer, to assess patients with pcp (n = 30) and other lu ...19892694235
[comparative study of 2 classical technics of coloration and an indirect immunofluorescent assay applied to research on pneumocystis carinii in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum in hiv+ patients].two histochemical staining methods, eosine-methylene blue fast (ral 555) and silver methenamine (modified grocott's technique), and indirect immunofluorescence assay with an anticyst monoclonal antibody were used to detect pneumocystis carinii in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum from 58 hiv+ patients. immunofluorescence disclosed the largest number of carriers (35 p. cent of examined patients). however, the histochemical staining techniques remain of interest and are the init ...19892696387
prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.immunosuppression due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection has led to a marked increase in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). prophylaxis against pcp is standard practice in pediatric cancer patients but is associated with unique problems in hiv-infected patients, including the need for lifelong therapy, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. hiv-infected patients at highest risk for pcp are those with a prior episode of pcp and/or a cd4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 ...19892697054
open lung biopsy in patients with hodgkin's disease and pulmonary infiltrates.although open lung biopsy (olb) is frequently employed for diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in patients with hodgkin's disease, the actual efficacy of the procedure in establishing a diagnosis in these patients, and its effect on their treatment and clinical outcome, have not been evaluated. we reviewed the results of olb in 41 patients with previously diagnosed hodgkin's disease (17 with stage ii disease, 10 with stage iii, and 14 with stage iv) who had pulmonary opacification on chest roentgenog ...19892712453
mycobacterium kansasii and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.the case of a swiss aids patient suffering from mycobacterium kansasii lung disease is described. the course of the illness was complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol, clofazimine, ciprofloxacin and, after the onset of p. carinii pneumonia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole led to a rapid and sustained clinical recovery of the patient.19892714863
prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children and adolescents.the prognosis of 111 children and adolescents (from 2.5 months to 19.5 years of age) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was assessed by survival analysis based on risk factors and clinical status. risk factors included: maternal hiv infection 93; transfusion 12; both maternal hiv infection and transfusion 2; sexual abuse 1; and intravenous drug use and/or sexual activity 3. children with perinatal infection survived from 2.5 months to 10.25 years (median, 1.87 years) and had inappa ...19892717274
natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in women in rhode island.current recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and for prophylaxis against associated opportunistic infections in north america are largely based on observations of hiv infection in males. in an effort to determine whether the natural history and clinical course may be different, with implications relevant to prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, we have documented the clinical courses of the first 24 known cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrom ...19892729337
testicular seminoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex: 2 case reports.two homosexual men positive for human immunodeficiency virus with evidence of acquired cellular immunodeficiency were diagnosed recently to have seminoma of the testis. one man has the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with lymphopenia, a low cd4:cd8 ratio, condylomata accuminata, pneumocystis carinii and cerebral toxoplasmosis, and 1 has an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex with generalized lymphadenopathy showing follicular hyperplasia on biopsy, recurrent herpes simplex infe ...19892733088
[false-positive test of autonomic neuropathy in hiv infection and aids? case control study of heart rate variability in 62 hiv positive patients].false positive tests for autonomic neuropathy in hiv-infection and aids? case-control-study of heart rate variation in 62 cases autonomic neuropathy is said to be common in aids. in a cross section study we tested heart rate variability, a simple and sensitive test, in relation to disease severity. the expiratory-inspiratory rr-interval-ratio (rrr) was normal in hiv-infected clinically healthy persons (mean 1.45; n = 10), but progressively lowered in las (1.24; n = 12), arc (1.20; n = 7), aids ( ...19892739626
[autopsy cases of terminal pulmonary infections].in order to clarify the present state of terminal pulmonary infections, all autopsy cases from 1976 to 1985 reported in the annual records of autopsy cases in kyushu university hospital were reviewed. of the total of 2,238 autopsy cases, pulmonary infections were present in 1,042 (46.6%) and in 595 (26.6%) pulmonary infections were fatal. among the primary diseases associated with pulmonary infections, hematologic diseases such as leukemia and malignant lymphoma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer a ...19892747058
integrated complex combinations for the treatment of opportunistic infections in aids.in the present paper the 'serial combinations' (components of the combination offered separately), as used in conventional combination therapy, are compared with the 'integrated complex combination' (offered as fixed combinations). so far, three combinations have been worked out on the basis of this concept (rmp + smz + tmp + inh; rmp + smz + tmp + pth; rmp + inh + pth + dds). they allow successful treatment of almost all mycobacterial infections and diseases (including tuberculosis and leprosy) ...19892766861
nephrotoxicity and hyperkalemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with pentamidine.recently, the use of pentamidine has risen because of its efficacy in managing patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii infection. we undertook a retrospective analysis of the charts of 22 patients with aids given pentamidine when they were hospitalized over a two-year period.19892773964
111in-labeled nonspecific immunoglobulin scanning in the detection of focal infection.we performed radionuclide scanning after the intravenous injection of human igg labeled with indium-111 in 128 patients with suspected focal sites of inflammation. localization of 111in-labeled igg correlated with clinical findings in 51 infected patients (21 with abdominal or pelvic infections, 11 with intravascular infections, 7 with pulmonary infections, and 12 with skeletal infections). infecting organisms included gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, pneumocystis carinii, mycopla ...19892779615
treatment of acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with corticosteroids in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 19892783303
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by induced sputum in a city with moderate incidence of aids.examination of induced sputum from aids patients has been reported to provide the noninvasive diagnosis of pcp in 10 to 76 percent of cases. since previous studies were done in centers with a high incidence of aids, we asked whether this test could be implemented successfully in a center with a lower incidence of aids. over a 13-month period 25 of 38 (66 percent) aids patients with pcp had positive giemsa (diff-quik) stains of induced sputum. we were unable to predict before sputum induction whi ...19892783305
haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with aids, arc, or risk of aids.since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was first described in 1981, we have observed an increasing number of cases of haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, particularly in young adult patients. to confirm this observation, we systematically identified and reviewed all cases of h. influenzae pneumonia that occurred in adult patients recently hospitalized at our institution.19892783357
anticardiolipin antibody in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a marker of pneumocystis carinii infection? 19892783714
zidovudine: experience at the newcastle haemophilia centre.zidovudine was first prescribed for patients from the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive cohort of haemophiliacs in newcastle in may 1987. prior to this therapy, seven patients had died of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and episodes of serious opportunistic infection were common. to date, 22 patients have received zidovudine, seven with or without acyclovir in a prospective wellcome trial. of the 22 patients, three were children and one was an adult female. all haemophilic pa ...19892783716
nomenclature for pneumocystis carinii. 19892783719
pregnancy-associated deaths due to aids in the united states.from 1981 to 1988, eighty percent of all women with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) reported to the centers for disease control were of reproductive age. six pregnancy-associated deaths due to aids in this country have been reported in the medical literature. we identified 20 unpublished cases of women who died of aids during or within one year after termination of pregnancy. analysis showed that these women were mostly black or hispanic, half were intravenous drug abusers, and mos ...19892783746
detection of abnormalities in febrile aids patients with in-111-labeled leukocyte and ga-67 scintigraphy.thirty-six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), who were febrile but without localizing signs, underwent indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy 24 hours after injection of labeled white blood cells (wbcs) and were restudied 48 hours after injection of gallium-67 citrate. fifty-six abnormalities were identified as possible sources of the fever; 27 were confirmed with biopsy. of these 27, 15 were identified only on in-111 wbc scans (including colitis, sinusitis, and focal bacterial ...19892783783
decreased yield of pneumocystis carinii from cortisonized rats.thirty-five male sprague-dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, including 1 control and 2 experimental groups, in order to compare the efficacy of using cortisone acetate alone or in addition to intranasal inoculation of pneumocystis carinii organisms for the purpose of inducing acute p. carinii pneumonia. the presence of p. carinii was monitored in nasal secretions on a weekly basis and in lungs at autopsy. titers of igg antibody were also monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. no rat ...19892783967
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with pentamidine.insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurred following intravenous pentamidine treatment of two aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. both patients also experienced drug-induced nephrotoxicity. patients receiving pentamidine must be observed for multisystem dysfunction, including the onset of severe diabetes mellitus. dosage adjustment or alternative therapy should be considered with the onset of toxicity.19892784286
a clinical, histopathologic, and electron microscopic study of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis.we studied the clinical and histopathologic features of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in two cases, a provisional diagnosis of disseminated p. carinii infection was made by ophthalmologic examination. the characteristic fundus changes in this infection consisted of numerous slightly elevated, plaque-like, yellow-white lesions located in the choroid and unassociated with signs of intraocular inflammation. the diagnosis was confirmed by ...19892784287
aerosolized pentamidine as second line therapy in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.the use of aerosolized pentamidine was investigated in ten patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who had previous or concurrent severe adverse reactions or contraindications to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or parenteral pentamidine. a dose of 600 mg pentamidine in 6 ml sterile water, aerosolized in a small-particle producing jet nebulizer was administered for 25 minutes once daily for an average of 10.5 days to these ten patients. a ...19892784371
prognostic indicators in the initial presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.we prospectively evaluated 150 consecutive patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) as their sole initial manifestation of aids (group 1). admission laboratory and radiographic criteria were analyzed for diagnostic and prognostic indicators and compared with those of patients presenting with non-pcp pulmonary manifestations of aids (group 2). mean admission serum ldh level was 465 +/- 67 iu/l in pcp patients (group 1) and 211 +/- 28 iu/l in group 2 (p less than 0.01). seventy-eight per ...19892784372
acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a potential role for systemic corticosteroids.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most frequent life-threatening complication of hiv infection. a retrospective study was undertaken in an attempt to establish the incidence of acute respiratory failure (arf) in aids-related pcp, its mortality, and the impact of adjuvant systemic corticosteroids on its outcome. of 127 aids-related pcp episodes diagnosed at st. paul's hospital between jan 1, 1981, and march 31, 1987, 27 developed arf (21 percent), and the 24 who consented to icu ad ...19892784373
prevalence of pneumocystis carinii in slaughtered pigs. 19892784514
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with aids. 19892784519
phylogenetic association of pneumocystis carinii with the 'rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group' indicated by comparison of 5s ribosomal rna sequences.the cytoplasmic 5s ribosomal rna (5s rrna) sequence from pneumocystis carinii was determined. a sequence comparison matrix of 382 eukaryote 5s rrna sequences and an evolutionary tree were constructed to establish the phylogenetic position of pneumocystis. the data suggest that pneumocystis is associated with the rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group (= 'protista fungi') but not with common fungi, such as ascomycota or basidiomycota, nor with other protozoa.19892784539
bronchoscopy of symptom free patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus for detection of pneumocystosis.no evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection was found in eight symptom free patients who were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus and who underwent bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and brush biopsy. this suggests that the presence of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoscopy material is likely to indicate pneumocystis infection.19892784596
dapsone, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole plasma levels during treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). evidence of drug interactions.to examine the interaction between dapsone and trimethoprim in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).19892784648
pneumocystis carinii hepatitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) 19892784649
anticardiolipin antibodies and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19892784650
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for psoriatic arthropathy.a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy is described. this potentially fatal event was probably precipitated by an interaction between methotrexate and concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, resulting in serious potentiation of the effects of methotrexate.19892784662
common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on intravenous gamma-globulin therapy, and natural killer deficiency.a toddler with common variable hypoimmunoglobulinemia (cvh), inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on intravenous gammaglobulin (ivig) replacement was evaluated for a combined cellular immunodeficiency. he had a normal number of circulating t-cells, natural killer (nk) cells, t-cell subset percentages, and his peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm)-derived b-cell number was low. pbm mitogen blastogenesis and mixed lymphocyte reaction (mlr) were normal. mlr ac ...19892784754
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].cases of pneumocystic pneumonia were recorded among children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs. epidemiological and clinicoroentgenological characteristics of pneumocystic pneumonia in 15 children at the age of 3 to 15 years with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs are presented. peculiar clinical manifestations of pneumocystic pneumonia in the children of the preschool and younger school ages were studied. special laboratory methods and in particular the immunofluorescence test (if ...19892784855
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19892784869
megaloblastic pancytopenia associated with dapsone and trimethoprim treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 19892784959
biopsy pathology of hiv infection: experience at st stephen's hospital, london.in a 3 year period from the beginning of january 1985 to the end of december 1987, 474 biopsies obtained from 266 patients with serological evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection were examined. most frequent were skin biopsies of which 52% showed kaposi's sarcoma, and transbronchial lung biopsies of which 40% showed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. other opportunistic infections were much less common; mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found in six biopsies and cytomegalovirus in ...19892785082
the society of protozoologists and the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. workshop on pneumocystis carinii. bristol, england, u.k., july 19-22, 1988. 19892785180
sequence from ribosomal rna of pneumocystis carinii compared to those of four fungi suggests an ascomycetous affinity. 19892785181
5s ribosomal rna sequence of pneumocystis carinii and its phylogenetic association with "rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group".the cytoplasmic 5s ribosomal rna sequence from pneumocystis carinii was determined and compared with those of 382 eukaryotes and an evolutionary tree was constructed to establish the phylogenetic position of pneumocystis. the data suggest that pneumocystis is associated with the rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group but not with common fungi, such as ascomycota or basidiomycota, nor with other protozoa.19892785182
enzymes of pneumocystis carinii: electrophoretic mobility on starch gels. 19892785183
yeast glucan in the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii.ultrastructurally, the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii consists of an electron-dense outer layer, an electron-lucent middle layer, and an innermost plasmalemma. this is similar in appearance to the cell wall of some yeasts, e.g. saccharomyces cerevisiae, which consists of an outer dense layer of mannan, a middle lucent layer of beta-1,3-glucan (yeast glucan) and an innermost plasmalemma. the cyst wall of p. carinii, as well as the cell wall of s. cerevisiae, can be labeled by a variety of meth ...19892785184
propagation and purification of rat pneumocystis carinii in short-term cell culture.a short-term cell culture is used to propagate and purify rat-derived pneumocystis carinii (pc). an aliquot of pelleted material washed out of the lungs of rats with moderate to severe pc pneumonia is cultured for 7 to 10 days on the adherent mink lung cell line mv 1 lu, and the rest of the material is frozen down in medium with 10% glycerol. although it has not been established that substantial multiplication of pc occurs in culture, the pc organisms harvested from the supernatant at the end of ...19892785185
binary fission of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites grown in vitro.trophozoites grown in vitro were shown to undergo binary fission by transmission electron microscopy (tem). standard fixation with subsequent embedding in spurr was employed using 3% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide with 5% sucrose added to both fixatives and 0.1 m cacodylate buffer washes. trophozoites were grown on wi-38 cells in vitro. trophozoites were found in various stages of fission. the dividing trophozoite has daughter cells that are rounder than the pleomorphic, non-dividing tro ...19892785186
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