Publications

transfer of salt tolerance from aeleuropus littorulis sinensis to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) via asymmetric somatic hybridization.	protoplasts of wheat c.v. jinan 177 were fused by peg method with the uv irradiated protoplasts of a. littoralis - a salt tolerant plant intertribal to wheat. the early-formed regenerated clones were identified as hybrids by chromosome, isozyme and rapd analysis. their salt-tolerant ability was compared with both parents in relative growth, proline accumulation and na(+)/k(+) ratio under salt stress, and was proved higher than wheat, indicating some corresponding genes coding salt-tolerance had ...	2001	11448756
a tandem repetitive sequence located in the centromeric region of common wheat (triticum aestivum) chromosomes.	although tail-family sequences are present in the subtelomeric region of leymus racemosus, it became apparent in the present study that such sequences are also present in the centromeric region of common wheat (triticum aestivum). these sequences hybridized to all chromosomes with various degrees of signal strength. fish using tail and ty3/gypsy, a conservative sequence in cereal centromeres, revealed a complicated arrangement of both sequences in all wheat chromosomes at once. unlike the arabid ...	2001	11448043
allelochemicals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): production and exudation of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one.	an analytical technique employing gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (gc/ms/ms) was employed to systematically screen fifty-eight wheat accessions for their differential production of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa) from three consecutive sources, i.e., the shoots, roots, and in the associated agar growth medium (collected as root exudates) of 17-day-old wheat seedlings. dimboa content differed significantly in the shoots, roots, or in the agar growth medium be ...	2001	11521406
the export of amino acid in the phloem is altered in wheat plants lacking the short arm of chromosome 7b.	grain protein content is one of the major determinants of the baking and nutritional quality of wheat. it has previously been reported that the ditelosomic line of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) csdt7bl, where the short arm of chromosome 7b is missing, shows a lower grain protein concentration than the normal line, but a similar grain yield. in the present paper the growth and nitrogen (n) metabolism of wheat plants cv. chinese spring (cs) and its ditelosomic line csdt7bl were compared. when plant ...	2001	11520864
allelochemicals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): cultivar difference in the exudation of phenolic acids.	analysis by gc-ms/ms showed that a worldwide collection of 58 wheat accessions differed significantly in the amounts of 7 known phenolic acids exuded by the living roots of 17-day-old wheat seedlings. the quantities of exuded allelochemicals varied with the specific compound and ranged from 2.3 to 18.6, from 0.6 to 17.5, from 0.1 to 4.9, from 0.0 to 52.7, from 0.33 to 12.7, from 1.5 to 20.5, and from 1.6 to 23.4 microg/l of water/agar for p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, cis-p-coumaric, syringic, cis ...	2001	11513658
the nucellus degenerates by a process of programmed cell death during the early stages of wheat grain development.	the nucellus, which is the maternal tissue of the wheat grain, degenerates during the early stages of development. we have investigated whether or not this degenerative process may be considered as programmed cell death (pcd). the analysis of dna of tissues dissected from developing wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring) grains at 5-20 days post anthesis (dpa) showed the presence of dna laddering, which is indicative of internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear dna, in maternal tissues b ...	2001	11506357
growth and yield responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) to elevated co2 and water limitation.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) was grown at two different co2 concentrations (367 and 650 micromol mol(-1)) in open-top-chambers from sowing until final harvest. furthermore two different watering treatments (well watered and water stressed) and two soil types of different fertility were used. at final harvest, which took place at growth stage 92, plants were separated into different fractions. elevated atmospheric co2 caused an accelerated chlorophyll-a breakdown and increased ...	2001	11504341
effects of fulvic acid on the bioavailability of rare earth elements and got enzyme activity in wheat (triticum aestivum).	fulvic acid (fa) was extracted and purified from natural soil and the effects of such fa on the bioaccumulation of rare earth elements (rees, la3+, gd3+ and y3+) in wheat seedling were investigated. the results indicated that low concentration of fa (<0.4 mg c/l to root, <0.7 mg c/l to tops (stem and leaves)) could increase the bioaccumulation values of rees in wheat, but when the concentration of fa was high (>0.4 mg c/l to root, >1.5 mg c/l to tops) the bioaccumulation values were decreased. k ...	2001	11482641
[pyramiding and marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat].	this project used the strategy of discarding susceptible individual plants and keeping resistance ones by resistance identification in breeding populations and planted resistant plants next in earlier generations (f1-f3), and performing marker-assisted selection combining resistance identification in later generation (f4 generation) for pyramiding powdery mildew resistance. f4 populations from crosses of elite parents possessing different pm genes were screened by using molecular markers tightly ...	2001	11480176
boron supply into wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wilgoyne) ears whilst still enclosed within leaf sheaths.	the present study investigates whether there is significant remobilization of (10)b previously loaded in the flag and penultimate leaves into the young, actively growing ear enclosed within the sheaths of flag and penultimate leaves. it also explores whether b transport into the enclosed ear declines when air humidity in the shoot canopy increases. after 5 d (10)b labelling during the period from early to full emergence of the flag leaf, the plants were transferred into nutrient solutions contai ...	2001	11479339
5-azacytidine induces chromosomal breakage in the root tips of wheat carrying the cuckoo chromosome 4s(l) from aegilops sharonensis.	the cuckoo chromosome 4s(l) from aegilops sharonensis is preferentially transmitted when introduced by hybridization into common wheat, triticum aestivum. gametocidal (gc) factors carried in 4s(l) induce chromosome breakage in meiospores not containing them, ensuring their transmission to the progeny. chromosome breakage and break-fusion-bridge (bfb) cycles can also be observed during early embryo sac development of chromosome 4s(l) addition lines to wheat, often leading to the presence of dicen ...	2001	11737296
role of extracellular peroxidase in the superoxide production by wheat root cells.	extracellular peroxidase has been shown to contribute to superoxide production in wounded wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. ljuba) root cells. the superoxide-synthesizing system of root cells was considerably inhibited by kcn and nan3 and activated by mncl2 and h2o2. treatment of roots with salicylic acid and a range of di- and tri-carbonic acids (malic, citric, malonic, fumaric, and succinic acids) stimulated superoxide production in both root cells and extracellular solution. the h2o2-stimulated ...	2001	11732329
expression of a cold-responsive lt-cor gene and development of freezing tolerance during cold acclimation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	time-courses of the development of freezing tolerance and the expression of a cold-responsive gene wlt10 were monitored during cold acclimation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). bioassay showed that cold acclimation conferred much higher freezing tolerance on a winter cultivar than a spring cultivar. northern blot analysis showed that the expression of wlt10 encoding a novel wheat member of a cereal-specific lt-cor protein family was specifically induced by low temperature. a freezing-tolerant wi ...	2001	11709586
stable free radicals in ozone-damaged wheat leaves.	chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on attached leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv. nandu) that were exposed to ambient air and to air supplemented with 80 and 120 nmol mol-1 ozone. decreases in the "current photochemical capacity" were observed that were dependent on both the ozone concentration and duration of exposure. electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra on freeze-dried samples from the same batches of plants showed the presence of an unidentified stabl ...	2001	11697202
genetic and physical characterization of chromosome 4dl in wheat.	the long arm of chromosome 4d in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been shown in previous studies to harbor genes of agronomic importance. a major dominant gene conferring aluminum (al) tolerance (alt2 in 'chinese spring' and altbh in 'bh 1146'), and the knal locus controlling the k+/na+ discrimination in saline environments have been mapped to this chromosome arm. however, accurate information on the genetic and physical location of markers related to any of these genes is not available and woul ...	2001	11681613
comparative floral development of mir-grown and ethylene-treated, earth-grown super dwarf wheat.	to study plant growth in microgravity, we grew super dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the svet growth chamber onboard the orbiting russian space station, mir, and in identical ground control units at the institute of biomedical problems in moscow, russia. seedling emergence was 56% and 73% in the two root-module compartments on mir and 75% and 90% on earth. growth was vigorous (produced ca. 1 kg dry mass), and individual plants produced 5 to 8 tillers on mir compared with 3 to 5 on earth-gr ...	2001	12033229
silica deposition on the leaves of mir- and earth-grown super dwarf wheat.	scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) microanalysis were used to investigate the nature of crystals deposited on leaves of mir- and earth-grown super dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. leaves from these plants exhibited dense and uniformly distributed crystals on leaf abaxial surfaces when viewed by sem. young leaves showed that crystals initially accumulated around the stomata on the adaxial surface, but became more dense and uniformly distributed as the l ...	2000	11676441
first flight of the astroculture (tm) experiment as a part of the u.s. shuttle/mir program.	a number of space-based experiments have been conducted to assess the impact of microgravity on plant growth and development. in general, these experiments did not identify any profound impact of microgravity on plant growth and development, though investigations to study seed development have indicated difficulty in plants completing their reproductive cycle. however, it was not clear whether the lack of seed production was due to gravity effects or some other environmental condition prevailing ...	2000	11543159
analysis of the spaceflight effects on growth and development of super dwarf wheat grown on the space station mir.	the hypothesis being tested is that super dwarf wheat, triticum aestivum l., plants in the svet greenhouse onboard the russian space station mir will complete a life cycle in spaceflight, providing that the environmental conditions necessary for adequate growth on earth are supplied. twenty six seeds of wheat were planted in each of 2 rows of 2 root compartments for a total of 104 seeds in svet. germination rate at 7 d was 56 and 73% on mir and 75 and 90% in ground-based controls. plants were gr ...	2000	11543345
[pot experiment on effect of clipping at seedling stage on spring wheat].	pot experiment on the compensatory effects of spring wheat(triticum aestivum) at different clipping intensities (simulating herbivory) at seedling stage (three leaves) was conducted in semiarid region of gansu province. under two conditions of 60% and 90% of field water-holding capacity, spring wheat growth was stimulated by clipping at seedling stage, resulting in overcompensation in biological and economic yields, and with more compensation for heavy clipping than light clipping. the overcompe ...	2000	11766596
[identification of the barley chromosome in wheat by gish and rflp].	the barley chromosome in wheat was identified by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) in which biotin labelled total genomic dna of barley betzes was used as probe and the unlabelled total dna of common wheat chinese spring (cs) as blocking dna. a series of wheat materials were tested as follows: two disomic alien substitution and monosomic alien addition lines, 2n = 43; two monosomic alien substitution lines, 2n = 42; seven disomic alien substitution lines, 2n = 42. rflp probe psr131 on the sho ...	2000	11209700
effect of potassium (k) supply on the uptake of 137cs by spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. tonic): a lysimeter study.	a lysimeter experiment was carried out on a relatively infertile soil to examine the effect of potassium fertiliser application on the uptake of radiocaesium by spring wheat. porous ceramic cups were used to obtain samples of soil solution. results showed that the uptake of radiocaesium by spring wheat was reduced by the addition of potassium. however this inhibitory effect was less marked at later stages of plant growth due to factors such as the spatial variability of potassium within the soil ...	2000	11200972
production and meiotic pairing behaviour of new hybrids of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) x winter barley (hordeum vulgare).	new winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) x winter barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hybrids produced using cultivated varieties (wheat 'martonvásári 9 krl'(mv9 krl) x barley 'igri', mv9 krl x 'osnova', 'asakazekomugi' x 'manas') were multiplied in tissue culture because of the high degree of sterility and then pollinated with wheat to obtain backcross progenies. meiotic analysis of the hybrids mv9 krl x 'igri' and 'asakazekomugi' x 'manas' and their in vitro regenerated progenies with the feulgen metho ...	2000	11195337
visualization of a- and b-genome chromosomes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) x jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host) backcross progenies.	wheat (triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica) can cross with each other, and their self-fertile backcross progenies frequently have extra chromosomes and chromosome segments, presumably retained from wheat, raising the possibility that a herbicide resistance gene might transfer from wheat to jointed goatgrass. genomic in situ hybridization (gish) was used to clarify the origin of these extra chromosomes. by using t. durum dna (aabb genome) as a probe and jointed goatgrass ...	2000	11195336
[characterization of a wheat-agropyron intermedium translocation line by sequential gish and fish].	the chromosome constitution on h96276-2, which is a stable line derived from a sterile wheat-agropyron intermedium partial amphiploid zhong 3 cross to common wheat hui 75, was analyzed by sequential gish and fish. the results of gish using genomic dna of agropyron intermedium as probe showed that h96276-2 possessed 20 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of translocation chromosomes of wheat and ag. intermedium. the translocated alien chromosome fragments located on the terminals of one pair ...	2000	11192431
[direct embryogenesis from protoplast of winter wheat].	friable embryogenic calli were obtained on a modified n6 medium (nbd medium) from a winter wheat cultivar "jinghua no. 1" (triticum aestivum l. cv. jinghua no. 1) and were transferred to a modified ms liquid medium (msdl medium) to initiate embryogenic suspension cultures. protoplasts were isolated from the suspensions and cultured on a modified ms medium (msdp medium). the somatic embryoids were formed directly from the protoplasts and germinated into entire plants. the development of the somat ...	2000	11191768
[cytogenetic analysis of hybrids resistant to yellow rust and powdery mildew obtained by crossing common wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd) with wheat of the timopheevi group (atatgg)].	the karyotypes of 47 hybrid lines obtained from crosses of common wheat triticum aestivum l. (cv. rodina and line 353) with triticum timopheevii zhuk, (atatgg) and related species t. militinae zhuk. et migusch. (atatgg) and t. kiharae dorof. et migusch. (atatggdsqdsq) were analyzed by c-banding. most lines were resistant to yellow rust and powdery mildew. the introgression of alien genetic material to the common wheat genome was realized via substitutions of complete at-, g-, and d-genome chromo ...	2000	11190474
adp/atp and protein phosphorylation dependence of phototransformable protochlorophyllide in isolated etioplast membranes.	the effects of modulated adp/atp and nadph/nadp(+) ratios, and of protein kinase inhibitors, on the in vitro reformation of phototransformable protochlorophyllide, i.e. the aggregated ternary complexes between nadph, protochlorophyllide, and nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (por, ec 1.3.1.33), in etioplast membranes isolated from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum) were investigated. low temperature fluorescence emission spectra (-196 degrees c) were used to determine the state of the p ...	2000	16228451
acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air co(2) enrichment (face) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 3. canopy architecture and gas exchange.	the response of whole-canopy net co(2) exchange rate (cer) and canopy architecture to co(2) enrichment and n stress during 1996 and 1997 for open-field-grown wheat ecosystem (triticum aestivum l. cv. yecora rojo) are described. every control (c) and face (f) co(2) treatment (defined as ambient and ambient +200 mumol mol(-1), respectively) contained a low- and high-n treatment. low-n treatments constituted initial soil content amended with supplemental nitrogen applied at a rate of 70 kg n ha(-1) ...	2000	16228413
acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air co(2) enrichment (face) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 2. net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves.	atmospheric co(2) concentration continues to rise. it is important, therefore, to determine what acclimatory c hanges will occur within the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. yecora rojo) grown in a future high-co(2) world at ample and limited soil n contents. wheat was grown in an open field exposed to the co(2) concentration of ambient air [370 mumol (co(2)) mol(-1); control] and air enriched to approximately 200 mumol (co(2)) mol(-1) above ambient using a free-air co( ...	2000	16228412
the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in wheat.	short-term (14)co(2) pulse and chase experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in spring wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. 'anza'). wheat seedlings were grown in a sand-hydroponic system and exposed to either high ozone (38-40 ppm-h) or low ozone (23-31 ppm-h) for 21 days in a series of replicated experiments. following the ozone exposures, the plants were pulsed with (14)co(2) and allocation of (14)c-labeled photosynthate was me ...	2000	15092992
interactive effects of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biochemical compounds in wheat seedlings.	in this study, the interaction between temperature and heavy metal stress was investigated in two wheat varieties (triticum aestivum l. cv. gerek-79 and bolal-2973). effects of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg l(-1)) simultaneously applied at various temperatures (8/4, 25/18, 35/26 degrees c day/night) to the seedlings were detected by measuring changes in the plant length, percentage of dry weight, chlorophyll (a, b, a/b), total soluble phenolics, and free p ...	2000	15092977
an ozone flux-response relationship for wheat.	six open-top chamber experiments with field-grown wheat triticum aestivum l. (five with spring wheat and one with winter wheat) were combined to test which of the two ozone exposure indices, aot40 and cfo(3), that provided the most consistent relationship between relative yield loss and ozone exposure. aot40 is the accumulated exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 nl l(-1), while cfo(3) is the cumulative flux of ozone (uptake) to the flag leaves. the ozone uptake of the flag leaves ...	2000	15092878
zinc deficiency-induced phytosiderophore release by the triticaceae is not consistently expressed in solution culture.	the effects of zinc (zn) and iron (fe) deficiencies on phytosiderophore (ps) exudation by three barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cultivars differing in zn efficiency were assessed using chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. a similar study was carried out with four wheat (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf.) cultivars, including the zn-efficient aroona and zn-inefficient durati. despite severe zn deficiency, none of the barley or wheat cultivars studied exhibited significantly elevated ps release ...	2000	10923712
molecular analyses of a repetitive dna sequence in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a repetitive sequence designated we35 was isolated from wheat genomic dna. this sequence consists of a 320-bp repeat unit and represents approximately 0.002% of the total wheat dna. it is unidirectionally distributed either continuously or discretely in the genome. ladder-like banding patterns were observed in southern blots when the wheat genomic dna was restricted with endonuclease enzymes ecori, hincii, ncii, and ndei, which is characteristic for tandemly organized sequences. two dna fragment ...	2000	10902721
a matrix attachment region is located upstream from the high-molecular-weight glutenin gene bx7 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a 2.2-kb nucleotide sequence rich in at, located upstream from the bx7 allele of the high-molecular-weight glutenin glu-b1 locus in wheat (triticum aestivum cv. glenlea) was cloned following amplification by pcr. the 5' region of this sequence contains motifs typically found in matrix attachment regions (mars) in other plants. we have shown that part of the 2.2-kb dna binds to wheat nuclear matrix (nm) in vitro, at least as strongly as a known mar (adh1) from maize suggesting that there is a mar ...	2000	10902712
identification of rflp markers for resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus (wssmv) disease.	wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus (wssmv) causes an economically important disease of winter wheat in europe and north america. artificial inoculation with this virus to identify resistant wheat genotypes is difficult. this study was conducted to identify restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers associated with resistance to this disease. a population, consisting of 104 f5 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between hexaploid triticum aestivum cultivars 'geneva' (resistant) ...	2000	10902711
plant resistance components of two greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) resistant wheats.	several biotypes of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), attack winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., on the southern plains every year. two wheat germplasm sources of resistance ('largo' and 'grs 1201') have been developed that provide protection against the three predominant greenbug biotypes (e, i, and k). each source has agronomic and end-use quality advantages and disadvantages for the breeder to consider in choosing a greenbug-resistant breeding line. we compared these two germplasms ...	2000	10902362
synthesis and herbicidal activity of n-oxide derivatives.	as part of an ongoing program on the chemistry and biological activity of n-oxide-containing molecules, a number of novel 1,2, 5-oxadiazole n-oxide, benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole n-oxide, and quinoxaline n,n'-dioxide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activity. many of these compounds exhibited moderate to good herbicidal pre-emergence activity against triticum aestivum. dose-response studies were done on the more representative compounds (12, 20, and 26). the most ac ...	2000	10898655
[isolation and verification of triticum aestivum-eremopyrum orientale addition lines and substitution lines by gish].	eremopyrum is a potential genus in wheat improvement. to breed t. aestivum-er. orientale additional and substitutional lines, chromosome number of 96 bc2f3 individuals were accounted. fifteen plants with 2n = 43 and eight plants with 2n = 44 were checked out. gish results of the individuals with 43 chromosomes showed that they blonged to three different monosomic additions. two disomic additions, one double-monosomic addition, one trible-monosomic addition and one monosomic addition were found i ...	2000	10883540
[studies of the development of triticum aestivum-leymus racemosus translocation lines by pollen irradiation].	pollens of 94g15 and 94g45, two wheat lines added to chromosome lr.14 and lr.2 of leymus racemosus respectively were irradiated via 60co-gamma rays and then used to hybridize with two common wheat varieties--yangmai 5 and mianyang 11. the five plants showing chromosome pairing between t. aestivum and l. racemosus at pmc mi stage were selected from seventeen examined plants of m1 progeny as the result of meiosis configuration analysis of chromosomes treated with giemsa c-banding and fluorescent i ...	2000	10883539
[genetical effect of different rye chromosomes on the acid phosphatase (acph) secretion of common wheat roots under phosphorus starvation conditions].	the effects of different rye chromosomes on acph secretion of common wheat roots under p starvation conditions were studied by using a set of chinese spring-imperial (cs-imp) alien addition lines as materials. the acph activity measurement results showed that p starvation is an induction factor for acph gene expression; different chromosomes of imperial rye in chinese spring background has different effects on the secretion of acph by corresponding addition line roots. among them, chromosome 1r ...	2000	10883538
the pathway of dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by phytases from wheat bran of triticum aestivum l. cv. nourin #61.	phytases are the primary enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of phytic acid, myo-inositol-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate (insp6). the pathway of hydrolysis of insp6 by phytase from wheat bran of triticum aestivum l. cv. nourin #61 is proved in this study. structures of the intermediates were established by a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (1h-, two-dimensional 1h-1h coupling-correlation spectra and two-dimensional 31p-1h correlation spectra), gas chromatography, and bioas ...	2000	10879469
rflp-based analysis of three rbcs subfamilies in diploid and polyploid species of wheat.	the rbcs multigene family of hexaploid (bread) wheat, triticum aestivum (genome bbaadd), which encodes the small subunit of rubisco, comprises at least 22 genes. based on their 3' non-coding sequences, these genes have been classified into four subfamilies (sfs), of which three (sf-2, sf-3 and sf-4) are located on chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 and one (sf-1) on homoeologous group 5. in the present study we hybridized three rbcs subfamily-specific probes (for sf-1, sf-2 and sf-3) to total d ...	2000	10852490
direct isolation of differentially expressed genes from a specific chromosome region of common wheat: application of the amplified fragment length polymorphism-based mrna fingerprinting (amf) method in combination with a deletion line of wheat.	the amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based mrna fingerprinting (amf) method makes it possible systematically and conveniently to identify differentially expressed cdnas with high reproducibility. we have applied the amf method to the cloning of the q gene of common wheat, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5a and pleiotropically controls the spike morphology and the threshing character of seeds. using the amf method, we compared the fingerprints of mrna sampl ...	2000	10852485
a cold-responsive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene wcor14 identified in a winter-hardy cultivar 'mironovska 808'.	a cdna library was constructed from a cold-acclimated winter-hardy common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'mironovska 808'. using this library and a cold- and light-responsive barley cdna clone cor14b as a probe, cdnas of a homologous wheat gene wcor14 were isolated. two identical cdnas designated as wcor14a had an open reading frame encoding an acidic (pi = 4.71) and hydrophobic polypeptide with 140 amino acids (mw = 13.5 kda). the deduced wcor14a polypeptide showed 70% identity with the ...	2000	10846621
molecular cloning of three homoeologous cdnas encoding orthologs of the maize knotted1 homeobox protein from young spikes of hexaploid wheat.	the plant knotted1 (kn1)-like homeobox genes are known to play important roles in the maintenance of shoot apical meristem (sam), determination of cell fate and differentiation of vegetative tissues. to study structural diversity of the three homologous loci encoding a kn1-like homeobox protein in the hexaploid wheat genome, we isolated clones from a cdna library of young spikes of japanese common wheat cultivar 'norin 26'. three different but highly homologous cdnas were isolated and their sequ ...	2000	10831851
developments in bread-making processes.	an introduction to the evolutionary history of wheat is followed by a description of the origin and distribution of the modern hexaploid wheat varieties in europe. next, the influence of cultural (the way of bread making), social and economic (i.e. the great influence of the united states and canada) factors on wheat growing in europe are considered (section 1). the anatomy and chemical composition of wheat grains and the fundamental differences between hard and soft wheat are described in secti ...	2000	10823487
[the effect of genotype on the rate of regeneration of plants in a microspore culture of triticum aestivum l].	the effect of genotype on the productivity of in vitro microspore culture of wheat (triticum aestivum) was studied. wheat cultivars and hybrids bred in kazakhstan and used in the programs on breeding new high-productivity and disease-resistant cultivars and forms of plants were tested. the genotypes that are responsive to androgenesis have been found among the cultivars tested: cultivars kazakhstanskaya 4, kazakhstanskaya 5, and hybrids obtained from crosses with the participation of these culti ...	2000	10822812
the effects of chemical remediation treatments on the extractability and speciation of cadmium and lead in contaminated soils.	two rural soils contaminated by cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) were used to evaluate the effect of different chemical treatments on changes in speciation and extractability of cd and pb, and in phytoavailability to wheat. triplicates of seven chemical treatments were tested to compare and evaluate the remediation techniques for contaminated soils using pot experiments. treatments applied were calcium carbonate, a high quantity of phosphate salt, hog composts, iron oxide, manganese oxide, zeolite, an ...	2000	10819206
gradients in water potential and turgor pressure along the translocation pathway during grain filling in normally watered and water-stressed wheat plants.	the water relations parameters involved in assimilate flow into developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains were measured at several points from the flag leaf to the endosperm cavity in normally watered (psi approximately -0.3 mpa) and water-stressed plants (psi approximately -2 mpa). these included direct measurement of sieve tube turgor and several independent approaches to the measurement or calculation of water potentials in the peduncle, grain pericarp, and endosperm cavity. sieve tube t ...	2000	10806232
sieve tube unloading and post-phloem transport of fluorescent tracers and proteins injected into sieve tubes via severed aphid stylets.	a variety of fluorescent tracers and proteins were injected via severed aphid stylets into the sieve tubes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains to evaluate the dimensions of plasmodesmal channels involved in sieve element/companion cell (se/cc) unloading and post-phloem transport. in the post-phloem pathway, where diffusion is the predominant mode of transport, the largest molecule to show mobility was 16-kd dextran, with a stokes radius of 2.6 nm. this suggests that the aqueous channels for c ...	2000	10806231
two novel intrinsic annexins accumulate in wheat membranes in response to low temperature.	four immunologically related proteins that belong to the annexin family were identified in cold acclimated wheat (triticum aestivum). two soluble forms with molecular masses of 34 and 36 kda were found to bind phospholipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. these two forms are similar to the previously reported doublet in several plant species. the other two forms, with molecular masses of 39 and 22.5 kda, were found associated with the microsomal fraction. biochemical analysis showed that ...	2000	10795312
chromosomal location of a triticum timopheevii--derived powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to common wheat.	a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene introduced from triticum timopheevii in line 146-155-t of common wheat, triticum aestivum, was located on chromosome 6b by monosomic analysis. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and microsatellite analyses detected the presence of a t. timopheevii segment, translocated to chromosome 6b, with breakpoints between the loci xpsr8/xpsr964 on 6bs and xpsr154/xpsr546 on 6bl. the novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which has been designated pm27, ...	2000	10791827
chromosomal location of aflp markers in common wheat utilizing nulli-tetrasomic stocks.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers with a total of 256 ecori + ann - msei + cnn primer combinations were investigated employing the common wheat cultivar triticum aestivum 'chinese spring.' on average, 103 fragments per primer combination were amplified, ranging from a maximum of 226 fragments to a minimum of 18 fragments. the primer combinations e + aaa - m + cnn and e + att - m + cnn produced very few distinct fragments. by using 15 randomly chosen ecori + ann - msei + cnn p ...	2000	10791818
the genes encoding granule-bound starch synthases at the waxy loci of the a, b, and d progenitors of common wheat.	three genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase (wx-tma, wx-tsb, and wx-ttd) have been isolated from triticum monococcum (aa), and triticum speltoides (bb), by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach, and from triticum tauschii (dd), by screening a genomic dna library. multiple sequence alignment indicated that the wx-tma, wx-tsb, and wx-ttd genes had the same extron and (or) intron structure as the previously reported waxy gene from barley. the lengths of the three wx-tma, wx-tsb, and w ...	2000	10791814
fate of multicentric and ring chromosomes induced by a new gametocidal factor located on chromosome 4mg of aegilops geniculata.	a new gametocidal (gc) factor was identified on chromosome 4mg of aegilops geniculata roth. when transferred to chinese spring wheat, monosomic and disomic triticum aestivum-ae. geniculata chromosome 4mg addition plants undergo regular first and second meiotic divisions. male gametogenesis in disomic 4mg addition plants also is normal. however, chromosome breakage and anaphase bridges were observed at ana/telophase of the first (29%) and second (11%) pollen mitosis in monosomic 4mg addition plan ...	2000	10780702
improved biomass productivity and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions in transgenic wheat constitutively expressing the barley hva1 gene.	the aba-responsive barley gene hva1, a member of group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein genes, was introduced into spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. hi-line using the biolistic bombardment method. high levels of expression of the hva1 gene, regulated by the maize ubi1 promoter, were observed in leaves and roots of independent transgenic wheat plants and were inherited by offspring generations. t(3) progenies of four selected transgenic wheat lines were tested under greenhouse co ...	2000	10773334
the effects of elevated co(2) concentrations on cell division rates, growth patterns, and blade anatomy in young wheat plants are modulated by factors related to leaf position, vernalization, and genotype.	this study demonstrates that elevated [co(2)] has profound effects on cell division and expansion in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves and on the quantitative integration of these processes in whole-leaf growth kinetics, anatomy, and carbon content. the expression of these effects, however, is modified by intrinsic factors related to genetic makeup and leaf position, and also by exposure to low vernalizing temperatures at germination. beyond these interactions, leaf developmental re ...	2000	10759536
enhancement of na(+) uptake currents, time-dependent inward-rectifying k(+) channel currents, and k(+) channel transcripts by k(+) starvation in wheat root cells.	excessive low-affinity na(+) uptake is toxic to the growth of glycophytic plants. recently, several reports have suggested that the interaction between k(+) and na(+) uptake might represent a key factor in determining the na(+) tolerance of plants. we investigated the effects of k(+) starvation on na(+) and k(+) uptake mechanisms in the plasma membrane of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root cortex cells using the patch-clamp technique. unexpectedly, k(+) starvation of wheat seedlings was found to ...	2000	10759535
[studies of salt tolerance of alloplasmic wheat].	using aegilops crassa cytoplasm wheat as test material, salt tolerance of alloplasmic wheat was identified by tissue culture, nutrient solution culture and artificial saline pond, from calli, seeding stage, recovering stage and mature period. the results showed ae. crassa cytoplasm lines indicated the difference of salt tolerance in varying degree; the difference of cytoplasm effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. the salt tolerance of (a ...	2000	11147351
[fluorescence in situ hybridization applied to the meiotic analysis and spontaneous chromosome translocation in the pollen mother cells of hybrids of triticum-haynaldia].	fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to the meiotic analysis and chromosome pairing in the pollen mother cells of hybrids of triticum-haynaldia. the results indicated that most (90.5%-93.2%) of the pmcs of two triticum-haynaldia hybrids contained two univalents involving one haynaldia chromosome at metaphase i, and only 1 of 320 pmcs with homologous pairing between one wheat chromosome and one haynaldia chromosome was observed in the hybrid of guinong 22 x common wheat chinese spring, ...	2000	11147350
temperature-dependent translational regulation of the er omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene in wheat root tips.	the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3) among the total fatty acids in root tissue increases as the growth temperature decreases. endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 fatty acid desaturase is responsible for the production of most of the 18:3 in root tissue. in this study, the effect of temperature on expression of the tafad3 gene, which encodes endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 desaturase in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chihoku), was analysed at the mrna and protein levels. in wheat root tips gro ...	2000	11135114
new members of a cold-responsive group-3 lea/rab-related cor gene family from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a cor (cold-responsive) cdna that belongs to the group-3 lea (late embryogenesis abundant)/rab (responsive to abscisic acid, aba) family was isolated from a winter-hardy cultivar of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). screening of a cold-acclimated cdna library was performed using an aba- and other stress-responsive barley cdna clone, hva1, as a probe. a wheat cdna clone (designated as wrab19) putatively encoded a basic (pi = 10.3) and hydrophobic protein with 179 amino acids. the deduced prote ...	2000	11126566
the strategy of the wheat plant in acclimating growth and grain production to nitrogen availability.	two cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were grown to maturity in hydroponic cultures. nitrogen accumulation was controlled by daily growth-limiting additions of nitrate together with all other nutrients in excess. six different curves of n accumulation were used, with the same relative changes from day to day, but with different amplitudes. these curves were obtained by using the same mathematic formula of the n accumulation curves but varying the value of initial n content. the to ...	2000	11113170
flow sorting of mitotic chromosomes in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the aim of this study was to develop an improved procedure for preparation of chromosome suspensions, and to evaluate the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in wheat. suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared by mechanical homogenization of synchronized root tips after mild fixation with formaldehyde. histograms of relative fluorescence intensity (flow karyotypes) obtained after the analysis of dapi-stained chromosomes were characterized and the chromosome content of all pe ...	2000	11102393
changes of microsomal membrane properties in spring wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation.	the properties of microsomal membranes in spring wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l. cv. ganlong no. 92-005) exposed to (0) control, 8.64 (t1) and 11.2 kj m(-2) day(-1) (t2) biologically effective uv-b irradiation (uv-b(be)) were studied under greenhouse conditions. these irradiance levels correspond to a decrease in the stratospheric ozone of approximately 12.5 and 20%, respectively, for a clear solstice day at lanzhou (36.04 degrees n, 1550 m), china. compared with controls, the content of malo ...	2000	11100838
[analysis of isogenic lines of the soft wheat carrying dominant alleles of bg, hg, and rg1 genes using microsatellite and protein markers].	to determine tight linkage between morphological and molecular markers of the first homologous group of chromosomes of common wheat, microsatellite analysis of six near-isogenic lines with marker dominant alleles controlling back color (bg; 1as) and hairy glume (hg; 1as) and two lines bearing the dominant alleles of the gene for red glume color (rgl; 1bs) was conducted. the component composition of gliadins in these lines was studied. tight linkage of bg, hg, and gli-a1 genes with a microsatelli ...	2000	11094750
[comparative genetic analysis of the hexaploid wheat triticum petropavlovskyi udasz. et migusch. and triticum aestivum l].	a poorly studied species of hexaploid wheat triticum petropavlovskyi udacz. et migusch. was compared with common wheat triticum aestivum l. by means of monosomic and genetic analyses of f2 hybrids. triticum petropavlovskyi was found to carry 13 dominant genes determining its morphological and physiological characters and regular bivalent conjugation of chromosomes. these genes were allelic to the respective genes of common wheat and were located in the same chromosomes. the modes of gene interac ...	2000	11094748
activation of latent nucleolus organizers induced by experimental polyploidization in cells of hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum l.	the effect of prolonged colchicine-induced polyploidization on activation of latent nucleolus-organizing regions (nor) of chromosomes was studied in diploid meristematic cells and polyploid root cells of triticum aestivum l. it has been shown that control diploid and tetraploid cells have maximal number of nucleoli equal to four, which corresponds to the number of nucleolar chromosomes (nc) with active (visualized by staining with agno3) nor (two pairs of homologous chromosomes 1b and 6b). treat ...	2000	11093578
molecular cytogenetic analysis of intergeneric chromosomal translocations between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and dasypyrum villosum arising from tissue culture.	fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was applied with total genomic dna extracted from dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy as a probe to characterize chromosome translocations arising from tissue culture in hybrids of triticum aestivum x (t. durum - d. villosum, amphiploid). chromosome translocations between wheat and d. villosum occurred in callus cells at an average frequency of 1.9%. translocations existed not only in callus cells but also in regenerants. three plants with translocation chr ...	2000	11081964
identification of aflp markers on the satellite region of chromosome 1bs in wheat.	the satellite region on the short arm of chromosome 1b in wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42) carries many agronomically important genes; i.e., genes conferring fungal disease resistance, seed storage proteins, and fertility restoration. to find molecular markers located on the satellite region, we applied the fluorescent aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique to aneuploids and deletion stocks of the cultivar t. aestivum 'chinese spring'. out of 6017 fragments amplified w ...	2000	11081961
subgenome chromosome walking in wheat: a 450-kb physical contig in triticum monococcum l. spans the lr10 resistance locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	for many agronomically important plant genes, only their position on a genetic map is known. in the absence of an efficient transposon tagging system, such genes have to be isolated by map-based cloning. in bread wheat triticum aestivum, the genome is hexaploid, has a size of 1.6 x 10(10) bp, and contains more than 80% of repetitive sequences. so far, this genome complexity has not allowed chromosome walking and positional cloning. here, we demonstrate that chromosome walking using bacterial art ...	2000	11078510
[the effect of extracts from rhododendron aureum georgi and artemisia yacutica drod. on wheat root meristem cells division].	a study was made of the action of extracts from two yakutian plant species in the course of mitosis in the rootlet meristemic tissue in germs of the local variety of common wheat. the examined extracts contain a large amount of biologically active substances and colchicine-like compounds causing (at certain dilutions) the increase in mitotic activity of the meristemic tissue in wheat germs, with simultaneous augmentation of the number of abnormal cells in mitosis, which well compares with the ac ...	2000	11077680
desiccation stress of entomopathogenic nematodes induces the accumulation of a novel heat-stable protein.	the present study describes a novel heat-stable, water-stress-related protein with a molecular mass of 47 kda (designated desc47) in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernemafeltiae (is-6). the protein was accumulated about 10-fold (from 7.84 +/- 1.85 to 74.09 +/- 4.35 % relative content level [rcl]) in dehydrated clumps of infective juveniles (ijs), which had lost 344.% of their initial water content (from 65.1 +/- 1.7% to 427 +/- 0.72%) in a desiccation-tolerance-inducing treatment (97% relati ...	2000	11072904
recombination in an isochromosome preferentially occurs between cis isochromatids.	an isochromosome has identical arms attached to the same centromere. at the pachytene stage of meiosis, it has four isochromatids and recombination can occur either between cis isochromatids (attached to the same half-centromere) or trans isochromatids (attached to different half-centromeres). normally such recombination cannot be detected because all four chromatids are homogenetic (arose from misdivision of a centromere to which genetically identical sister chromatids were attached). we isolat ...	2000	11072794
[high efficient intergeneric chromosomal translocations between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and dasypyrum villosum arising from tissue culture and irradiation].	intergeneric chromosomal translocations were discernable both in callus cells and in regenerants arising from crosses between triticum aestivum and t. durum-dasypyrum villosum amphiploid c.v. th1 and th1w by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization. there were not only reciprocal translocations, but small fragment translocations. the results proved again the feasibility of creating intergeneric translocations via tissue culture. irradiation facilitated numerical and structural chromosome chan ...	2000	11057047
[studies of development of disomic addition lines of triticum aestivum-haynaldia villosa via aabbdddd octaploid].	hexaploid hybrid between triticum aestivum-aegilops squarrosa (2n = 8x = 56, aabbdddd) octaploid and triticum durum-haynaldia villosa (2n = 6x = 42, aabbvv) was self pollinated. the putitative t. aestivum-h. villosa 6v and 2v addition lines were creened by c-banding in f4 and chromosome configurations of pmc at mi were 0.14i + 20.42ii + 1.50ii and 0.10 i + 20.07ii + 1.82ii, respectively. genomic dna of 95-7 and 26-7 were digested by ecori, and southern bloting was employed using group 6 probe ps ...	2000	11057046
[the chromosome-specific pcr marker's screening and identification of barley 6h chromosome].	two barley 6h chromosome specific rapd markers were obtained by screening dna of barley hordeum vulgare (betzes) and wheat-barley 6h addition line with 200 primers, then the rapd markers were changed into specific pcr markers. checking different plant materials by the pcr markers, it revealed that there was a specific band in those materials containing 6h chromosome such as betzes, igri, cs6h, and there was no specific band if the material did not contain 6h chromosome, such as triticum aestivum ...	2000	11055124
dynamics of structural and functional association of nucleolar chromosomes in cells of the hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum l. at different stages of the cell cycle and during genome polyploidization.	quantitative analysis of interphase association of the nucleolar chromosomes at different stages of the cell cycle and during genome polyploidization was carried out. cells of various tissues of hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum l. (moskovskaya-35) were used, including diploid root meristematic cells, endopolyploid root cells, triploid endosperm cells and antipodal cells with polytene chromosomes. interphase nucleoli impregnated with silver or stained with autoimmune antibodies to 53 kda nucleol ...	2000	11051079
antifungal compound, feruloylagmatine, induced in winter wheat exposed to a low temperature.	an antifungal compound, feruloylagmatine [1-(trans -4'-hydroxy-3'- methoxycinnamoylamino)-4-guanidinobutanel, was isolated from crowns of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv chihokukomugi). its structure was identified by nmr, ms and uv spectral analyses. it was also confirmed by an hplc analysis that the compound was induced in wheat by a low temperature.	2000	10993146
aeration management for stored hard red winter wheat: simulated impact on rusty grain beetle (coleoptera: cucujidae) populations.	simulation studies were conducted to determine temperature accumulations below defined thresholds and to show the impact of controlled aeration on populations of the rusty grain beetle, cryptolestes ferrigineus (stephens), a major secondary pest of stored wheat, triticum aestivum (l.). recorded data from weather stations in texas, oklahoma, kansas, eastern new mexico, and eastern colorado (356 total) were used to determine hours of temperature accumulation below 23.9 degrees c in june and july, ...	2000	10985054
barley allele-specific amplicons useful for identifying wheat-barley recombinant chromosomes.	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is potentially a new source of genes for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) improvement. wheat-barley chromosome recombinant lines provide a means for introgressing barley genes to wheat genome by chromosome engineering, and since these are expected to occur only rarely in special cytogenetic stocks, an efficient selection skill is necessary to identify them. to convert rflp markers to barley allele-specific pcr markers useful for effective production of wheat-barley recomb ...	2000	10984837
phylogenetic relationships of five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) based on rapd analysis.	the genetic relationships among the five groups of hexaploid wheat: common, spelta, macha, vavilovii, and semi-wild wheat (sww) are not clear. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was used to assess phylogenetic relationships among these five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat. rapd data were analyzed using the ntsys-pc computer program to generate jaccard genetic similarity coefficients. a dendrogram based on rapd analysis grouped 15 accessions into five distinct clusters. thes ...	2000	10984187
photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves: optimization of methods for determination of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate.	the accurate measurement of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate from plants such as wheat is fraught with difficulty. extraction and assay methods for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate that give near 100% recovery of the metabolite, and a linear response with volume have therefore been developed for extracts prepared from wheat leaves of different ages. amounts of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in different regions of leaves generally showed a positive correlation with chlorophyll content. measurements of sucrose and ...	2000	10948231
two-dimensional electrophoresis of soluble leaf proteins, isolated from two wheat species (triticum durum and triticum aestivum) differing in sensitivity towards nacl.	plants of two wheat species (triticum aestivum cv. tanit and t. durum cv. ben bachir), differing in their sensitivity to nacl were cultivated in the presence or absence of 100 mm nacl for 21 days. soluble proteins extracted from leaves were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in order to detect nacl-induced changes in the polypeptide patterns. in all, 500 spots were detected. results showed species-dependent differences. the greatest alterations in the polypeptide profiles following salt ...	2000	10939462
is there scope for improving balance between rubp-regeneration and carboxylation capacities in wheat at elevated co2?	carboxylation and rubp-regeneration capacities, which determine light-saturated photosynthetic rate, were analysed in leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) grown under different atmospheric co2 partial pressure (pca) and n supply regimes. capacities were estimated from a large number of gas exchange, rubisco and atp-synthase content measurements, and from these, the pca at which the two capacities are equal was derived, to allow direct comparison with growth pca. acclimation ...	2000	10938847
uptake and retranslocation of leaf-applied cadmium (109cd) in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats.	uptake and retranslocation of leaf-applied radiolabeled cadmium (109cd) was studied in three diploid (triticum monococcum, aa), four tetraploid (triticum turgidum, bbaa) and two hexaploid (triticum aestivum, bbaadd) wheat genotypes grown for 9 d under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solution. among the tetraploid wheats, two genotypes were primitive (ssp. dicoccum) and two genotypes modern wheats (ssp. durum). radiolabelled cd was applied by immersing the tips (3 cm) of mature le ...	2000	10938828
cytodifferentiation and transformation of embryogenic callus lines derived from anther culture of wheat.	three types of callus tissues established from anther culture of eleven doubled haploid (dh) lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were evaluated for their ability in enhancing friable embryogenic (type ii) culture differentiation and genetic transformation. differences between types of callus inocula were highly significant (p < 0.001), suggesting that the quality of the initial callus explant is of profound importance in encouraging the proliferation of type ii cultures. other factors found to ...	2000	10938825
pattern of aluminum-induced secretion of organic acids differs between rye and wheat.	al-induced secretion of organic acids from the roots has been considered as a mechanism of al tolerance, but the processes leading to the secretion of organic acids are still unknown. in this study, the secretion pattern and alteration in the metabolism of organic acids under al stress were examined in rye (secale cereale l. cv king) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv atlas 66). al induced rapid secretion of malate in the wheat, but a lag (6 and 10 h for malic and citric acids, respectively) bet ...	2000	10938369
[rapd-pcr analysis of the variability of spring common wheat cultivar genomes and their androclinal double haploid form].	based on rapd-pcr analysis with 15 primers including those homologous to particular loci, the level of genetic polymorphism in the collection of spring common wheat genotypes and their androclinal double haploid (adh) lines was determined. intraspecific polymorphism of the original wheat forms was 20%. by the absence of polymorphism in the molecular patterns of adh lines and original forms, it was shown that, under the conditions used, no genetic changes in the genomic dna of spring common wheat ...	2000	11033779
[effect of fusococcin on the genome of common wheat].	the effect of fusicoccin on the common wheat genome (cv. mironovskaya 808) during early phases of seed germination was studied. it was shown that fusicoccin: (1) increased the number of cells with one or two nucleoli and decreased the proportion of cells containing three and four nucleoli; (2) enhanced the total volume of nucleoli per nucleus at a concentration of 0.68 mg/l; (3) did not activate additional rrna genes on chromosomes 1b and 6b; (4) did not activate the latent nucleolus organizer r ...	2000	11033778
gametocidal factor-induced structural rearrangements in rye chromosomes added to common wheat.	the gametocidal factor on the aegilops cylindrica chromosome 2cc was used to induce and analyze the nature of chromosomal rearrangements in rye chromosomes added to wheat. for this purpose we isolated plants disomic for a given rye chromosome and monosomic for 2cc and analyzed their progenies cytologically. rearranged rye chromosomes were identified in 7% of the progenies and consisted of rye deficiencies (4.6%), wheat rye dicentric and rye ring chromosomes (1.8%), and terminal translocations (0 ...	2000	11032320
isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in wheat: wheat ucp genes are not regulated by low temperature.	uncoupling proteins (ucp) found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammals dissipate the proton electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane to produce heat rather than synthesize atp. using pcr-based methods, we isolated two novel cdna clones, whucp1a and whucp1b, that encode the mitochondrial uncoupling protein of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the cdna clones each contain one orf which can code for a protein of 286 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of about 30.5 kda, althou ...	2000	11016840
genetic induction of chromosomal rearrangements in barley chromosome 7h added to common wheat.	chromosome 2c of aegilops cylindrica induces chromosomal rearrangements in alien chromosome addition lines, as well as in euploid lines, of common wheat. to induce chromosomal rearrangements in barley chromosome 7h, reciprocal crosses were made between a mutation-inducing common wheat line that carries a pair of 7h chromosomes and one 2c chromosome and a 7h disomic addition line of common wheat. many shrivelled seeds were included in the progeny, which was an indication of the occurrence of chro ...	2000	11007495
the chromosomal distribution of phosphorylated histone h3 differs between plants and animals at meiosis.	plant (secale cereale, triticum aestivum) and animal (eyprepocnemis plorans) meiocytes were analyzed by indirect immunostaining with an antibody recognizing histone h3 phosphorylated at serine 10, to study the relationship between h3 phosphorylation and chromosome condensation at meiosis. to investigate whether the dynamics of histone h3 phosphorylation differs between chromosomes with a different mode of segregation, we included in this study mitotic cells and also meiotic cells of individuals ...	2000	11007489
intraspecific differences in physiological response of 20 wheat cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation under field conditions.	field studies were conducted to determine the potential for alterations in physiology and the intraspecific variation in sensitivity of 20 wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b, 280-315 nm) radiation. the supplemental uv-b radiation was 5 kj m(-2), simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone. out of 20 wheat cultivars (from south china, north china and mexico) tested, 13 showed significant changes in total chlorophyll content. in most of these sensitive specie ...	2000	10996362
specific expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) gene by salt stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	we isolated three kinds of full-length cdna clones for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) from wheat. they showed over 80% sequence homology with potato and alfalfa at the amino acid level, suggesting that the genes are highly conserved in angiosperms. the lack of a plastidic signal sequence, as well as a higher transcript accumulation level in roots than leaves, suggested that the wheat cdna sequences encode the cytosolic isoform of the enzyme. genomic southern analysis revealed that the ...	2000	10996244
non-gridded library: a new approach for bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) exploitation in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum).	the feasibility of exploiting non-gridded bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries and some major factors affecting the efficiency of handling such libraries were studied in hexaploid wheat. even for a bacterial culture containing only 55% recombinants, some 2000 bac clones with inserts ranging from 45 to 245 kb could be pooled. the pooled bac clones could be amplified by culturing for up to 6 h without losing any target clones. these results imply that even for hexaploid wheat, which has ...	2000	11121493
[analysis of genetic diversity of wheat using genetic resources information system gris].	the possibilities of using the genetic resources information and analysis system (gris) 3.2, a database and software package, in studies of various aspects of genetic diversity in wheat are demonstrated. a model of genetic diversity was analyzed; diversity levels were estimated in wheat from various regions at different times. the genetic basis of russian winter and spring common wheat cultivars was investigated. transmission of powdery mildew resistance genes was traced in cultivars with identi ...	2000	10752032