Publications

entamoeba histolytica cytotoxin: purification, characterization, strain virulence, and protease activity.	a heat-labile cytotoxin was isolated from virulent strains of axenically cultivated entamoeba histolytica. strains of e. histolytica representing a spectrum of virulence as determined in animal and in vitro models of disease were examined for cytotoxic activity. extracts of virulent strain hm1 possessed marked cytotoxic activity, those of moderately virulent strain 200 showed intermediate activity, and those of avirulent strains 303 and rahman showed no activity. the cytotoxin was partially puri ...	1982	6290574
a new liquid medium for xenic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica and other lumen-dwelling protozoa.		1982	6290631
similarities of lipid metabolism in mammalian and protozoan cells: an evolutionary hypothesis for the prevalence of atheroma.		1982	6290864
subcellular distribution and stability of the major hemolytic activity of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	since the hemolytic activity of extracts from entamoeba histolytica trophozoites previously described by us might determine at least partially the necrotic lesions of amebiasis, we have continued its characterization in vitro. using rat erythrocytes as target cells, we have found that cytolysis by e. histolytica trophozoite extracts was (1) dose dependent, (2) localized mainly in a vesicular fraction whose absolute and specific activities were respectively 1.9 and 4.0 times higher than those of ...	1982	6291272
on culture of entamoeba histolytica in plastic tissue culture flasks.		1982	6291273
natural transmission of entamoeba histolytica from mother cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) to their newborn infants under indoor rearing conditions.	natural transmission of entamoeba histolytica from infected mother cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) to their newborn infants was investigated by the stool examination under indoor individually-caged conditions. every infant became positive for e. histolytica between 5 and 10 weeks after birth. although some infants were demonstrated to harbor the trophozoites, no overt amebic diarrhea occurred in any of the infants throughout the period of this study.	1982	6291957
amoebiasis.		1982	6292416
[a survey on the prevalence of intestinal protozoan cysts in jeonlanam do, korea]	a survey on the prevalence of intestinal protozoan cysts was conductcd in jeonlanam do (province), korea in 1981. a total of 4,116 specimens was collected from 2,035 male and 2,086 female inhabitants in 4 urban and 7 rural areas. each case was selected randomly to represent 1,000 inhabitants referred to the census in 1980. formalin-ether sedimentation technique was employed to concentrate the cysts and one lugol's iodine stained smear was examined for each case. the results were summarized as fo ...	1982	12902699
parasitic amebae in korea.	this review dealt with biology, host-parasite relationship, symptomatology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of entamoeba histolytica infection and free livng amoeba.	1981	12902703
effect of specific and non-specific prior sensitization on the outcome of amoebic infection.	guinea-pigs were sensitized with monoaxenic amoebic antigen (group i), bacterial associate antigen (group ii) and axenic amoebic antigen (group iii). all animals in group i, 95% in group ii and 70% in group iii, developed caecal lesions on intra-caecal inoculation of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites; 92.8% of control (unsensitized) animals developed lesions in their caeca. lesions were more severe in sensitized animals than in controls. hepatic abscesses were found in 7.6% of group i, 11.1% of ...	1981	7268861
[immunodiagnostic findings in sera of patients with leishmaniasis, chagas' disease, malaria and amebiasis in endemic regions of venezuela (author's transl)].	66 serum samples from patients suffering from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (20), chagas' disease (12), malaria (16) or amebiasis (18) were collected and examined with five different protozoic antigens (l. donovani, t. cruzi, p. fieldi, p. falciparum, e. histolytica) by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the complement fixation test, the indirect hemagglutination test and the latex agglutination. cross-reactions were observed only between the sera from patients with leishmaniasis and ...	1981	6285563
cellulose acetate membrane precipitin (cap)test in amoebiasis using antigens from four different strains of entamoeba histolytica.	a simple cellulose acetate membrane precipitin (cap) test was evaluated against immunoelectrophoresis (iep) test using saline extract from 4 different strains (hk-9, ht-10, ht-12 and ht-31) of axenically grown entamoeba histolytica as the antigens. all 81 sera from patients with amoebic liver abscess were positive in the iep against the antigens from all 4 strains. with the cap test the number positive against antigens from hk-9, ht-10, ht-12 and ht-31 were 79,77,79 and 71 respectively sera from ...	1981	6281923
isolation and diagnostic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica: a comparative study of two methods.		1981	6280013
cholesterol induced changes in concanavalin a agglutinability of entamoeba histolytica.		1981	6277782
new quinoline derivatives as amoebicidal and cysticidal agents.		1981	6278460
a seroepidemiological study of amebiasis in adults in maracaibo, venezuela.	eight hundred and forty-eight sera collected from adult patients attending the central and university hospitals and from blood donors at the blood bank in maracaibo, venezuela, were screened for serologic evidence of entamoeba histolytica infection, employing the indirect hemagglutination test. the seropositivity rates obtained ranged from 4.4-6.5% and most of the positive sera showed low titers of 1:128-1:256. a predominance of positive reactors was observed in the first decades of life with a ...	1981	6275725
adhesion of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to monolayers of human cells.	the adhesion of radiolabeled trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica to monolayers of a human intestinal epithelial cell line was found to be dependent on time, temperature, and concentration. adherence seems to be mediated by a carbohydrate binding protein (lectin), which was previously found in trophozoites of e. histolytica. the adherence of the trophozoites was found to be ph-dependent and was inhibited by several n-acetyl-glucosamine-containing glycoconjugates, such as bacterial peptidoglycan ...	1981	6276476
[clinical and therapeutic study of a group of 217 patients with intestinal giardiasis and amebiasis].	in 15 months of the years 1979-1980, 158 patients with giardiasis and 69 patients with intestinal amebiasis were diagnosed and treated in the outpatient department of the swiss tropical institute. repeated examination of merthiolate-iodine-formol-fixed stools was the method of choice for detecting intestinal protozoa. parasitological investigation of duodenal fluid (enterotest) was less effective. fewer than 30% of the cases were symptomatic, usually mentioning diarrhea (73-85%) or abdominal dis ...	1981	6276972
quantification of amebae specific antibodies as "multiple of normal activity (mona)" with a standardized enzyme immunoassay (eia).	sera of 853 returnees from tropical countries, of 24 cases with amebic liver abscess and of 172 nonexposed german individuals were tested for antibodies to e. histolytica in the enzyme immunoassay (eia). antibody results were expressed as "multiple of normal activity (mona)". the qualification of the eia as a routine screening procedure for amebae specific antibodies was investigated and compared to that of the complement fixation test. based on the symmetric frequency distribution of results fr ...	1981	6277100
rapid diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess using entamoeba histolytica antigen.		1981	6277264
dysentery form gastroenteritis in infancy.		1981	6275330
use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis (amoebic liver abscess).	the sera of patients with amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis and non-specific hepatomegaly were examined for the presence of antibodies to entamoeba histolytica antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all the amoebic liver abscess sera were strongly positive. the test was also positive in all the proved cases of intestinal amoebiasis but the elisa values were relatively slightly lower. nine of 10 cases of non-specific hepatomegaly with stools negative for e. histolytica g ...	1981	6275581
[epidemiological role of blattella germanica (l.) in amebiasis].		1981	6275613
inhibition of clonal growth of giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica by metronidazole, quinacrine, and other antimicrobial agents.		1981	6271724
role of adherence in cytopathogenic mechanisms of entamoeba histolytica. study with mammalian tissue culture cells and human erythrocytes.	the enteric pathogen, entamoeba histolytica, appears to cause disease by adhering to and then destroying mucosal barriers. using an in vitro method of studying the interaction of e. histolytica with target cells (chinese hamster ovary [cho] and human erythrocytes [rbc]), we examined the mechanism of amebic adherence and its role in lysis of target cells. killing and phagocytosis of target cells by amebas ceases at 4 degrees c, allowing observation of adherence. amebas adhere to cho cells at 4 de ...	1981	6271810
studies on amoebiasis in symptomless carriers.		1981	6271876
a calcium regulated adenosine triphosphatase in entamoeba histolytica.	axenically grown trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica (nih-200 strain) contain an active atpase (170 nmol po4/min per mg protein) with maximal activity at ph 8.8, a high affinity for atp (km approximately 40 micro m) and an absolute and specific requirement for ca2+. the activation by ca2+ shows positive cooperativity (nh = 2.48) at calcium concentrations below 8 micro m and no cooperativity between 8 and 25 micro m. the latter concentration fully saturates the enzyme. the observed activity is ...	1981	6272107
susceptibility of entamoeba histolytica to oxygen intermediates.	to explore the susceptibility of the extracellular protozoan, entamoeba histolytica, to toxic oxygen intermediates, trophozoites were exposed to fluxes of o2, h2o2, and oh. generated enzymatically by the glucose oxidase and xanthine oxidase reactions. hm-1 trophozoites were resistant to o2, but were readily killed by h2o2 alone. oh. and 1o2 were not required for effective amebicidal activity. the addition of peroxidase and halide enhanced trophozoite killing by h2o2. sonicates of amebae containe ...	1981	6272108
left-side pleuropulmonary amoebiasis: a case report from chad.		1981	6272459
metronidazole metabolism in cultures of entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis.	acetamide forms from metronidazole in cultures of either entamoeba histolytica or trichomonas vaginalis as it does in cultures of bacteria which are susceptible to this drug. under aerobic conditions, the formation of acetamide is more rapid in a strain of t. vaginalis which is more susceptible to metronidazole. thus, it appears that the formation of acetamide may be associated with the microbiocidal action of metronidazole.	1981	6272633
effect of a low protein diet on rats experimentally infected with entamoeba histolytica.		1981	6272659
indirect fluorescent antibody test in the differential diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis from non-specific hepatomegaly.		1981	6273311
use of glutaraldehyde-treated sheep erythrocytes in indirect haemagglutination test for amoebic coproantibody.		1981	6273312
search for new antiamebic agents. i. synthesis and bioassay of new schiff bases of 1-phenyl-2-morpholinoethylidene-1-urea.	as potential agents against e. histolytica 19 new schiff bases of 1-phenyl-2-morpholinoethylidene-1-urea were synthesized by the condensation of the parent compounds with various carbonyl compounds. thirteen of them were tested against the axenic culture of e. histolytica at concentration 125 microgram/cm3 but no significant amoebicidal activity was observed.	1981	6273830
dynamics of the interaction between entamoeba histolytica and components of the immune response. iii. fate of antibodies after binding to the cell surface.	binding to the surface of living e. histolytica trophozoites of 125i-labelled anti-amoeba antibodies or of such antibodies and antiglobulin resulted in a rapid disappearance of the antibody into the medium. this disappearance consisted of a rapid temperature-independent and a subsequent slow temperature-dependent phase. the disappearance of antibody from fixed trophozoites merely consisted of a temperature-independent rapid phase whereas no slow phase was observed. the magnitude of the rapid pha ...	1981	6273999
amoebiasis as a cause of death in a scottish resident.	an elderly woman, resident throughout her life in scotland presented with abdominal pain and diarrhoea. a provisional diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made on sigmoidoscopy. at post mortem entamoeba histolytica was demonstrated in considerable numbers in the mucosal ulcers. it would appear though extremely rare that amoebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of colonic ulceration.	1981	6274015
entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia: growth responses to reducing agents.		1981	6262103
simple standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human antibodies to entamoeba histolytica.	a simple solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure for the detection of human antibodies to entamoeba histolytica was developed which showed a high degree of correlation with the agar gel diffusion, counterelectrophoresis, and indirect hemagglutination methods, as well as with clinical data. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is rapid (1 h 15 min, total incubation time), and the reported values are referenced to a positive control so that they correlate with levels of antibody s ...	1981	6262370
interaction between entamoeba histolytica and the immune system. i. mitogenicity of entamoeba histolytica extracts for human peripheral t lymphocytes.	the effect of entamoeba histolytica extracts (e.h.e.) on proliferation in vitro of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, cord blood lymphocytes, and lymphocytes enriched for t cells or non-t cells was investigated. as tested by 3h-thymidine uptake and by morphologic criteria, e.h.e. stimulate t lymphocyte proliferation. non-t lymphocytes do not respond to e.h.e. the response of lymphocytes to e.h.e. differed from their response to con a in several respects, indicating either that e.h.e. and con a ...	1981	6262406
management of hepatic abscess.		1981	6263552
entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia: effects of cysteine and oxygen tension on trophozoite attachment to glass and survival in culture media.		1981	6263667
identification of igg-binding site on e.-histolytica cell membrane.		1981	6263722
entamoeba histolytica: a possible cause of pruritus.		1981	6263812
amoebic liver abscess probably acquired in birmingham, england.	amoebiasis is usually acquired in countries where the disease is endemic. a case is presented of hepatic infection probably acquired indigenously with identification of the source of infection. the place of dual therapy for treatment is considered and the value of ultrasound scanning in management illustrated.	1981	6264590
cytopathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica: trophozoite homogenates modulate dna synthesis in a mammalian cell line.	we examined the effect of total trophozoite homogenates from four axenized strains of entamoeba histolytica (hk9, hm1, hm2, and hm3) on the dna synthesis of subconfluent cultures of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells incubated at low (0.1%) serum concentration. hm1, hm2, and hm3 extracts increased [3h]thymidine incorporation to acid-insoluble material in cho cells up to a maximum of 2.5, 1.5, and 1.5 times respectively, at doses of amebal protein ranging from 16 to 125 micron/ml. hm1 and hm2 extr ...	1981	6264701
growth inhibition of axenic entamoeba histolytica by tubercidin and ara-a.	several analogs of nucleic acid components including 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin), adenine 9-beta-d-arabinofuranoside (ara-a), 8-azaguanine, 6-azathymine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine riboside and 1,3-dideazapurine (benzimidazole) were tested for inhibition of growth of an axenic strain of entamoeba histolytica in 72 hour experiments. metronidazole and emetine were included in the experiments for comparison. tubercidin and ara-a, analogs of adenosine, were th ...	1981	6266267
seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of enterotoxigenic bacteria and rotavirus in paediatric diarrhoea in addis ababa.	this study (march 1977-february 1978) was performed at the ethio-swedish pediatric clinic, addis ababa, to determine whether there were any seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic enterobacteria (eteb), rotavirus and two parasites (giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica).a total of 1161 children (962 patients and 199 controls) were investigated. eteb were isolated in 12.2% of the patients and 4.5% of the controls, rotavirus in 27.8% and 8%, and par ...	1981	6266682
adhesion properties of entamoeba histolytica.	trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica adhere to and phagocytize red blood cells and bacteria. furthermore, in the initial step of the amoebic infectious process the parasite attaches to intestinal epithelial cells. a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) which apparently has a role in the attachment of the parasite to host cells was found in trophozoites of e. histolytica. when amoeba cells were disrupted by freeze-thawing, the lectin activity, as determined by haemagglutination of human erythro ...	1981	6266785
virulence of entamoeba histolytica in rat and its comparison with the serological responses of the amoebic patients.	the virulence of 70 isolates of entamoeba histolytica was studied in the wistar strain of albino rat by intracaecal inoculation of amoebae. the results were evaluated by the neal scoring system, histopathological grading of ulcers and virulence indices. it was found that isolates from acute amoebic cases could infect and produce ulcers in significantly more animals than could the isolates from asymptomatic cyst passers. the virulence indices of isolates from acute cases were also significantly h ...	1981	6267744
the laboratory diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica.		1981	6260273
transformation in vivo of a large race of entamoeba histolytica into a small race.		1981	6260274
enteric diseases.	this paper focuses on the growing incidence of the "new" sexually transmitted parasitic enteric diseases: amebiasis and giardiasis. two major behavioral factors influence transmission of these diseases in the gay community: 1) oral-rectal and oral-genital sexual contact and 2) multiple sexual partners. pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms and complications associated with these diseases are also discussed. although many patients present with severe symptoms, approximately 50 percent of infe ...	1981	6260431
effect of splenectomy on the size of amoebic liver abscesses and metastatic foci in hamsters.	the role of the spleen in hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters was studied. in hamsters receiving an intrahepatic inoculation of 10(5) trophozoites of axenic entamoeba histolytica at 7 or 14 days postsplenectomy, the mean weight of metastatic foci increased significantly when compared with sham-splenectomized or intact controls. in contrast, when both splenectomy and intrahepatic inoculation with amoebae were carried out at the same time, there was not only a significant increase in the mean weight of ...	1981	6260670
interaction between entamoeba histolytica and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	the interaction of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) with two strains of entamoeba histolytica that exhibit different degrees of "virulence" was examined in animal and tissue culture systems. pmns actively migrated toward both strains of amoebae. less virulent amoebae (strain 303) were surrounded by pmns (greater than or equal to 300/amoeba), fragmented and ingested by pmns by means that appeared to be independent of oxygen. in contrast, contact with virulent amoebae (hm1) caused loss o ...	1981	6260869
diagnosis and treatment of five parasites. enterobius vermicularis, giardia lamblia, trichuris trichiura, ascaris lumbricoides, entamoeba histolytica.	general descriptions and monographs of the five parasites most likely to be seen in u. s. patients are presented. the appended monographs are designed to be a starting reference for answering drug information questions regarding these parasites. the drugs covered in the monographs are listed in the order of suggested use.	1981	6268388
entamoeba histolytica: localization and characterization of ca2+-dependent nucleotidases.		1981	6268558
lectin and toxin-like activities of entamoeba histolytica: comparison of properties.	a comparison was made between properties of a recently discovered entamoeba histolytica lectin which has a carbohydrate specificity for n-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides and the previously found toxin-like principle of the ameba. a separation between these two activities was achieved upon subcellular fractionation by high speed centrifugation of freeze-thawed disrupted e. histolytica trophozoites (strain hm-1). practically all of this lectin activity, as determined by hemagglutination of glut ...	1981	6269446
[focus of amebiasis in a psychiatric hospital in the east of france].	at the occasion of the discovery of an amoebiasis focus in a psychiatric hospital (36,2 % of the patients were entamoeba histolytica carriers), the authors insist on the importance of systematical and continued coprological controls. they observe that the two means of fight used together, the environment and the mass treatment, have strongly limited the propagation of parasitosis. by this way they note efficiency of the association of the medicinal polyvalent and contact amoebicides.	1981	6269506
glucose dissimilation in entamoeba histolytica.	the endproducts of glucose dissimilation in entamoeba histolytica were found to be carbon dioxide, acetate and ethanol. this organism possesses the same embden-meyerhof intermediates as found in most investigated organisms. in its glucose-to-pyruvate pathway several unusual features were demonstrated. the pyruvate-to-acetate and pyruvate-to-ethanol pathways are also unique as compared with that of other organisms. the distinctive properties of the metabolic enzymes provide the basis for the deve ...	1981	6269810
inhibition of entamoeba histolytica cytotoxin by alpha 1 antiprotease and alpha 2 macroglobulin.	we previously reported partial purification of a proteinaceous substance with cytotoxic and enterotoxic activity isolated from the soluble fraction of sonicated axenically cultivated entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. demonstration of cytotoxic activity of the preparation (amebal toxin) was dependent on removal of serum from the tissue culture assay system. the objective of the present study was to identify the factor(s) in non-immune sera responsible for producing in vitro inhibition of amebal ...	1981	6167173
[histochemical aspects of liver lesions induced in hamsters by inoculation of e. histolytica in axenic culture. ii. evidence of perinecrotic fibrosis].	the percutaneous, intrahepatic inoculation of e. histolytica trophozoites in weanling hamsters produced lesions of various shapes and sizes. the time-span between inoculation and sacrifice did not correlate with the size of the lesions. histoenzymologic technics for acid and alkaline phosphatases, adenosinetriphosphatase (atpase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-p dh) showed that the necrotic material is positive to the two former phosphatases whereas atp-ase shows distorted bile canal ...	1981	6172830
serologic and parasitologic studies of entamoeba histolytica in el salvador, 1974-1978.	serologic and parasitologic studies were done in el salvador, c.a., from 1974-1978 to examine the reliability of the diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infection in an endemic area and to confirm the estimates of morbidity and mortality due to amebiasis. the results suggest that infection with e. histolytica is common, but the estimated prevalence is too high. misdiagnosis occurring in hospital and public health laboratories was documented. data collected from examining family members of persons ...	1981	6259960
[amebiasis].		1981	6258893
amebiasis. a persistent problem.		1981	6255883
[diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis].	three cases of intestinal amebiasis with varying clinical pictures are presented. one patient developed an amebic liver abscess and also amebic colitis, which was mistaken for crohn's disease. a second patient with amebic dysentery had no entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in fecal material because of previous therapy with an antiprotozoal drug. the third patient, who had colitis and severe constitutional symptoms, had trophozoites in the stool but negative serological tests. the diagnostic valu ...	1981	6111842
comparative electron microscopic study of an imported pathogenic strain and an autochthonous nonpathogenic strain of e. histolytica with particular reference of nuclear inclusions.		1981	6280639
the indirect immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of e. histolytica infection.		1981	6309117
tropical infections contracted in papua new guinea and imported into western australia.	diseases contracted in papua new guinea (png) and observed in western australia (wa) have comprised malaria, amoebiasis, ancylostomiasis, filariasis and leprosy. this small series of cases demonstrates the prolongation of incubation periods of malaria following chemoprophylaxis, the spread of chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum (both to western and eastern regions of png), the ineffectiveness of chloroquine against entamoeba histolytica in the intestine and the value of oral p ...	1981	6950604
effect of immunosuppression on the size and metastasis of amoebic liver abscesses in hamsters.	the effect of t-cell depletion on experimental hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters was investigated. thymectomized and anti-t-cell (ats) treated animals as well as sham-operated and unoperated controls were inoculated intrahepatically, following laparotomy, at 7 weeks of age with 1 x 10(5) axenic trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. in neonatally thymectomized hamsters the mean weight of the liver abscess 10 days post-inoculation was significantly greater than in neonatally sham-operated or unopera ...	1981	6976549
assessment of the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the indirect immunofluorescent technique for the diagnosis of amebiasis.	the indirect immunofluorescence (iif) test was used to study antibody titers to entamoeba histolytica in various manifestations of clinical amebiasis by comparing the results with parasitological and clinical data from confirmed cases. the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of this test for diagnosis were also studied. a high degree of correlation was found between reactivity in the iif test and confirmed cases of amebic liver abscess. a positivity rate of 96% in sera of confirmed cas ...	1981	7011073
igg antibody to giardia lamblia detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a sensitive, reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using unfixed, intact giardia lamblia trophozoites as antigen is described. employing this assay, we demonstrated that 81% of 59 symptomatic giardiasis patients and 12% of 17 uninfected control subjects had circulating igg antibodies to g. lamblia. eleven out of 15 patients tested serially had detectable antibody from 2 wk to 15 mo after therapy for acute infection. the prevalence of antibody in 197 unselected individuals in the washing ...	1981	7014351
prevalence of antibodies to parasitic infections in nigerian children.	sixty-six sera from nigerian children who attended a paediatric clinic at university college hospital, ibadan were tested with plasmodium falciparum, p. brazilianum, entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii and schistosoma mansoni antigens using indirect fluorescent antibody technique. these sera were tested using elisa technique for schistosoma antibodies. sera from all proven cases of infections gave positive results. highest antibody prevalence rate was for p. falciparum (69.6%), followed by ...	1981	7017156
travelers' diarrhea among american peace corps volunteers in rural thailand.	diarrheal disease was studied prospectively in 35 peace corps volunteers during their first five weeks in rural thailand. twenty (57%) developed the syndrome of travelers' diarrhea. recognized bacterial enteric pathogens were isolated from stools during 47% of 39 episodes of travelers' diarrhea. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli was isolated during 26% and shigella during 13% of the episodes. of the 20 volunteers, 50% had bacteriologic and/or serologic evidence of infection with enterotoxigenic e ...	1981	7019355
the etiology of anorectal infections in homosexual men.	the infectious etiology of symptomatic anorectal disease was studied in 52 homosexual men who did not have gonococci on initial gram stain of anorectal exudate. herpes simplex virus (hsv) was isolated from the anal canal or rectum in 15 of the 52 (29 percent) men and characteristically caused severe anorectal pain and focal ulcerations visible on sigmoidoscopy. despite negative initial gram stains, seven men (14 percent) had anorectal gonococcal infection. six (12 percent) had syphilis, includin ...	1981	7025620
intestinal protozoan infections: prevalence in the san francisco bay area.	a sample of 415 members of the kaiser foundation health plan (kfhp) were tested for intestinal protozoa. this parasite survey group was found to be comparable in age distribution, sex and ethnic background with the membership at large. gastrointestinal complaints were no more numerous in this group than in a large series of kfhp members taking multiphasic examinations. because kfph membership included, at the time of the survey, approximately 27 percent of all residents of the san francisco bay ...	1981	7340117
[contribution to the knowledge of intestinal protozoa infestation in the hospital population of barcelona (author's transl)].	this report concerns the analysis of 650 fecal samples submitted for parasitic investigation to the microbiology service of the hospital de la santa creu i sant pau of barcelona. the samples were analyzed by the technique of fixation and direct observation of sapero and lawless (mifd), and with the biphasic concentration method of blagg et al (mifc). intestinal protozoa were detected in 183 samples (28.2%), with a total of 232 protozoosis uncovered. the specific analysis gave the following resul ...	1981	7206888
toxocariasis in an institution for the mentally retarded.	a seroepidemiologic investigation was conducted in order to determine the cause of an apparent increase in rates of eosinophilia among 1400 institutionalized children during 1976-1977. the annual serologic survey during this period revealed 283 (20%) individuals with eosinophilia that exceeded 600 cells/cu mm of blood. during a five-month period in 1977, five patients who were hospitalized in adjacent wards developed acute pneumonia with eosinophilia. because laboratory tests of sputum, bone mar ...	1981	6912220
sexual transmission of enteric protozoa and helminths in a venereal-disease-clinic population.	we examined the prevalence of enteric protozoan and helminthic infections and the associations between infection and gender, sexual preference, and sexual practices in 180 consecutive patients at a venereal-disease clinic. of 163 men, 29 were infected with one or more enteric parasites. none of the 17 women had an enteric infection. the prevalence of infections with entamoeba histolytica or giardia lamblia (or both) was 21.5 per cent in homosexual men, 6.2 per cent in bisexual men, and 0 in hete ...	1981	6894964
intestinal parasites of man in oriental mindoro, philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis.	an intestinal parasite survey was conducted in the town of victoria, oriental mindoro, philippines in 1978 in order to estimate the current schistosomiasis situation in this area of the philippines and schistosoma japonicum eggs were detected in 20% of 1058 fecal specimens examined. the prevalence was more than twice as high as had been previously estimated. infection rates were higher in males than in females, 26 versus 15% and age-wise were infrequent in young children (8%) and moderately comm ...	1981	7256349
intestinal parasites of man in bukidnon, philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis.	a total of 831 fecal specimens from malay-balay, mindanao, philippines were examined for schistosomiasis and common intestinal parasites. schistosoma japonicum eggs were found in 16% of the samples. infections were more common in males (20%) than in females (12%). age-wise, infections were infrequently diagnosed in children less than 10 years and infections in older age groups varied from 12-27%. hookworm, chiefly necator americanus, was the most common parasite found (44%) followed by ascaris l ...	1981	7256354
amoebiasis in an urban black population.	amoebiasis is a common cause of dysentery and liver abscess at baragwanath hospital, johannesburg. forty-eight adult patients with amoebiasis were diagnosed during the 8-month period 1 december 1979 to 31 july 1980. there was a high incidence of extra-intestinal complications (38%) and a high mortality rate (12.5%) in this series. the importance of early surgery in fulminating dysentery which has not responded to amoebicidal therapy is emphasized. the need for early diagnosis is crucial, since f ...	1981	7256469
intestinal parasites among indochinese refugees and mexican immigrants resettled in contra costa county, california.	stool examinations of 186 indochinese refugees and 90 immigrants from mexico resettled in contra costa, county, california, have shown that 60 percent of refugees and 39 percent of immigrants are infected with one or more species of pathogenic protozoa and helminths. the mean prevalences of infections among refugees and immigrants, respectively, were: hookworms, 25 and 2 percent; whipworm, 22 and 12 percent; ascaris, 20 and 12 percent; giardia lamblia, 11 and 11 percent; strongyloides, 9 and 1 p ...	1981	7462932
parasitic disease control in a residential facility for the mentally retarded: failure of selected isolation procedures.	asymptomatic infection with either entamoeba histolytica or giardia lamblia was found in 60 per cent of the residents in an institution for the mentally retarded one year after eradication of these parasites. the residents were then segregated into infected and noninfected groups and drug therapy was again successfully undertaken. the two groups remained separated except during periods of play. a one-year follow-up showed that both study and control groups were equally infected. the failure of s ...	1981	7468867
ultrasonography and amoebic liver abscesses.	twenty-four patients were admitted to kasr-el-aini hospital with suspected diagnoses of amoebic liver abscesses. the patients underwent clinical examinations, stool specimen analyses for cysts and trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica, radiologic examinations, and routine liver function tests. in one patient, a liver scintiscan was obtained. ultrasonographic examination was performed on all patients using the gray scale imaging technique. in 20 patients, the diagnoses of amoebic liver abscesses ...	1981	7469556
[cellular behavior of axenic amebas cultured in the presence of different carbohydrates].	carbohydrates are an essential requirement of the culture medium in many cells. axenic cultures of amebas require a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 per cent glucose. the purpose of this work is to demonstrate possible differences on the carbohydrates requirements between pathogenic and nonpathogenic amebas strains. the experimental work was done in two phases: a) observation of the cultures growing at different concentrations of glucose in tp-s-1 medium (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 g/100 ml), and b) ...	1980	7469636
effect of complement depletion on the induction of amebic liver abscess in the hamster.	complement depletion in the hamster by cobra venom factor (cof) gives a higher frequency and severity of lesions after intrahepatic inoculation of entamoeba histolytica. the cof-treatment does not alter the humoral immune response to amebae, indicating that its effect on the amebic liver abscess is not due to suppression of the immune response but rather to its effect on complement levels at the time of the protozoal infection.	1980	7469638
[sequential study of the invasion of the colonic mucosa by entamoeba histolytica].		1980	7469640
intestinal amoebiasis for 36 years.	a case is reported of amoebic dysentery in a former soldier who had symptoms of entamoeba histolytica infection for 36 years. it emphasizes the need for careful search for parasites in the stools of any patient with bowel symptoms because the consequences of wrong diagnosis are potentially catastrophic.	1980	7267487
entamoeba histolytica.		1980	6904006
amebae resembling entamoeba gingivalis in the genital tracts of iud users.	a total of 2,252 vaginopancervical (fast) smears were studied as a continuation of an ongoing program to further investigate the occurrence of amebae in the genital tracts of women using intrauterine devices (iuds). of the 947 iud users, 1% harbored trophic amebae. no amebae, however, were found in any of the 1,164 smears from non-iud wearers. in all instances the amebae were associated with actinomyces. both organisms disappeared promptly after removal of the iud. in preparations stained accord ...	1980	6933802
amoebic liver abscess: clinical presentation and diagnosis.	the clinical profiles of 16 patients with amoebic liver abscesses referred to royal perth hospital over a ten-year period were assessed. the results indicate that amoebic abscess should be suspected in asian migrants and farmers, or patients who have travelled in endemic areas, who present with fever, anorexia, weight loss and abdominal pain. localized right hypochondriac tenderness, hepatomegaly and chest signs may be exhibited. the presence of anaemia, leucocytosis and marked elevation of the ...	1980	6934768
intestinal and blood parasites in the torro valley, central sulawesi, indonesia.	approximately 300 blood and fecal specimens were examined in a parasitologic survey of indigenous inhabitants of the small isolated torro valley in the mountains of central sulawesi. schistosoma japonicum was not found although the parasite is endemic in the neighboring lindu and napu valleys. hookworm infection (71%) was the most common helminthiasis. the prevalences of ascariasis (3%) and trichuriasis (2%) are low for indonesia in general but similar to those found in nearby mountainous areas ...	1980	7221687
intestinal parasites of man in northern bohol, philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis.	a survey for intestinal parasites with emphasis on oriental schistosomiasis was conducted in the townships of trinidad and talibon, bohol province, philippines and approximately 1,700 stool samples were examined. schistosoma japonicum is still endemic to these areas of northern bohol but infection rates were much lower than expected, 5% rather than 30%. soil-transmitted helminths were the most common parasitic infections. hookworms were found in 71% of the samples tested, most infections were du ...	1980	7221688
autochthonous amoebic liver abscess in germany.	a liver abscess was diagnosed by sonography and surgery in a sewer-man who had never left germany 14 weeks after he fell into a clearing basin and swallowed sewage. the causative agent of the abscess was confirmed immunologically to be entamoeba histolytica.	1980	7233537
an ecological interdependence of diet and disease? a study of infection in one tribe consuming two different diets.	the nature and incidence of infections were studied in two groups of turkana living in the same area but eating different diets; one consumed milk only and the other a combination of fish and milk. the only apparent and significant nutritional difference between the two groups was mild iron deficiency in the milk drinkers. episodes of fever, symptomatic infection with malaria and brucellosis, molluscum contagiosum and common warts, episodes of diarrhea, and serological evidence of infection with ...	1980	7355850
antiamebic amidines and sulfonamides of 5- and 6-amino-2,3-bis(4-alkyl-1-piperazinyl)quinoxalines.	a series of amidines and sulfonamides of 5- and 6-amino-2,3-bis(4-alkyl-1-piperazinyl)quinoxalines was synthesized and tested against cecal and hepatic forms of entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters, respectively. four compounds (5, 6, 8, and 9) were found to have acceptable activity against infections in both species but were too toxic to be considered for use in man.	1980	7359534
extraintestinal amebiasis in infancy: report of three patients and epidemiologic investigations of their families.	three infants (aged 6 weeks, 7 weeks, and 10 months) had severe entamoeba histolytica infections characterized by colitis, hepatic abscesses, and peritonitis. the two younger children died after fulminant illnesses while the third recovered. diagnosis was delayed in all three children by a low index of suspicion and negative stool examinations for parasites. epidemiologic investigations of the infants' families revealed a high prevalence of amebic infections and elevated antibody titers to e his ...	1980	7367088
cytopathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica: hemolytic activity of trophozoite homogenates.	in in vitro assays the hemolytic activity of total homogenates of trophozoites of seven strains of amebae were tested for specificity and potency against the erythrocytes of eight mammalian species. the species of entamoeba included in the tests were e. histolytica, e. invadens, e. moshkovskii, and the laredo type of e. histolytica. the hemolytic activity was found to be dose-dependent and strain-specific, with e. histolytica being generally the species having the highest hemolytic potency.	1980	7369439
amoebic abscess in the cirrhotic liver.	though amoebic liver abscess and liver cirrhosis occur very commonly in hospital practice in the tropics, they have not to the knowledge of the present authors hitherto been reported to occur simultaneously in the same patient. the patient described here, who had clear-cut clinical and histological features of chronic liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and ascites, presented somewhat acutely with liver pain and an amoebic liver abscess that contained 'chocolate sauce' on needle aspiration. ...	1980	7380340
shigellosis in the marshall islands: epidemiologic aspects of an outbreak.	an outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by shigella flexneri 1b and associated with 11 deaths occurred in the marshall islands during june and july 1977. a house-to-house survey on majuro indicated an attack rate of 6.2%. neither the survey nor a case-control study uncovered a common source of exposure on majuro, and it is believed that transmission was mainly person-to-person. socioeconomic factors, type of water supply, distance to municipal water supply, and type of sanitary facility could no ...	1980	7386724