Publications

influence of seasonal adaptation on the distribution of cytochemically detectable endogenous calcium in synaptic terminals of the optic tectum of crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).	crucian carps were seasonally adapted to high (23 degrees c) or low (4 degrees c) temperatures and synaptic regions in the optic tectum were analyzed by means of energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (eftem). the amount of cytochemically detectable endogenous calcium in synaptic clefts was quantified by means of image analysis and the amount of glycogen granules in synaptic regions was assessed. in cold-adapted fish, glycogen is increased, especially in glial cells, while the calcium ...	1993	8270788
a coccidian (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) with extracytoplasmally located stages in the kidney tubules of golden carp (carassius auratus gibelio l.) (cyprinidae).	numerous coccidian stages were found in the kidney tubules of the golden carp (carassius auratus gibelio). the merogonial and gamogonial stages were localized extracytoplasmally in the microvillous region of the epithelial cells. the host-parasite interface consisted of i) a large area where the parasite was separated from the host cytoplasm by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane only, and ii) a zone of multiple fusions of the host cell membrane investing the parasite to the neighbouring microv ...	1993	8325562
the branching of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin: an immunohistochemical analysis during phylogeny.	the co-existence of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) with the classical islet hormones insulin (ins), glucagon (gluc), somatostatin (som) and pancreatic polypeptide (pp) in the endocrine pancreas of representative species of cyclostomes (myxine glutinosa), cartilaginous fish (raja clavata, squalus acanthias) and bony fish (cottus scorpius, carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, anguilla anguilla) was studied by the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antisera and the double immunofluorescence tech ...	1993	8265818
differential distribution and response to experimental sexual maturation of two forms of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) in the european eel, anguilla anguilla.	using specific radioimmunoassays for the two gnrh molecular forms present in the european eel, anguilla anguilla, (mgnrh and cgnrh ii), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). in control eels, mgnrh levels were higher than cgnrh ii levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon ...	1993	24202465
cytoarchitecture, fiber connections, and ultrastructure of the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis (psm) in carp.	the cytoarchitecture, fiber connections, and ultrastructure of the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis (psm) were studied in cypriniform teleosts (cyprinus carpio). the psm is an oval nucleus in the pretectum. medium-sized cells and synaptic glomeruli are the main components of the nucleus. a lesser number of small cells are also present. most of the medium-sized cells form one or two cell layers on the periphery of the nucleus, and some cells are scattered among synaptic glom ...	1993	8263230
localization of extratectally evoked visual response in the corpus and valvula cerebelli in carp, and cerebellar contribution to 'dorsal light reaction' behavior.	in carp with the optic tectum removed bilaterally, the optic nerve stimulation evoked a surface positive response on the cerebellum, which originated in the granular layer. in the corpus cerebelli, the response was composed of a single component, well localized at the rostromedial part, supporting previous electrophysiological and morphological findings. in the valvula cerebelli, on the other hand, the response consisted of two wave components of oligo-synaptic and poly-synaptic transmission. th ...	1993	8155291
effect of lethal and sublethal concentrations of cadmium on energetics in the gills of fry and fingerlings of cyprinus carpio.		1993	8257822
[structure analysis of the mitochondrial trna(cys) gene and the original region of light-strand replication from carp].	in this study, we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the cysteine trna gene and the original region of light-strand replication from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) mitochondrion, which were further represented respectively in cloverleaf secondary structure and stem loop structure. by comparing the nucleotide sequences of 5 vertebrate trna(cys) genes, it is found that carp mitochondrial trna(cys) gene have many unusual structural features differing from those of cytoplasmic trna(cys) gene. th ...	1993	8023638
oral administration of insulin in winter-acclimatized carp (cyprinus carpio) induces hepatic ultrastructural changes.	1. the intestinal absorption of insulin in carps was assessed examining the transepithelial passage of ingested gold-labeled hormone by electron microscopy. insulin transfer occurred mainly through the intercellular spaces between the enterocytes. 2. when reaching the lamina propria, the gold-labeled hormone gathered predominantly around the granules of the granular cells, and therefore can enter the circulatory system via the blood capillaries which are found in close contact with these cells. ...	1993	7906626
'broken backs' in koi carp (cyprinus carpio) following lightning strike.		1993	8296436
dendrites of rod dominant on-bipolar cells are coupled by gap junctions in carp retina.	gap junctions are supposed to be the anatomical substrate for electrical coupling between neurons. in fish retina, bipolar cells are electrically coupled and their receptive field diameters are always larger than dendritic field size, however, gap junctions have not been described between dendrites of bipolar cells. in this paper, using immunostaining for protein kinase c, we show that every rod dominant on-bipolar cell is connected with its neighboring dendrites by gap junctions forming a plexu ...	1993	8121632
feeding of an iberian stream cyprinid assemblage: seasonality of resource use in a highly variable environment.	food resource use by seven cyprinids from an iberian stream was analysed over 9 months. differences in food resource use were found both between species and within species between seasons. plant material was a more important food for carp, nase, goldfish and barbel than for gudgeon, roach and chub, irrespective of the season. chironomid larvae were the staple animal food for the former five species throughout the year. roach and chub, especially the latter, displayed large seasonal variations in ...	1993	28313422
the phylogenetic position of the zebrafish (danio rerio), a model system in developmental biology: an invitation to the comparative method.	the zebrafish, danio (brachydanio) rerio, has become one of the most widely studied model systems in developmental biology. we present a dna-based phylogeny of zebrafish and other species of the genus danio, and the genera rasbora, puntius and cyprinus. homologous regions of the large (16s) mitochondrial ribosomal rna gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. the phylogeny revealed: (i) the zebrafish, danio (brachydanio) rerio, is identical in its 16s sequence ...	1993	8394584
a pulsed photolysis procedure for determining oxygen equilibrium parameters of low-affinity noncooperative hemoglobins.	it is often very difficult to obtain precise values for oxygen equilibrium constants for low-affinity noncooperative hemoglobins owing to the ease with which they are oxidized and denatured with even the most gentle stirring or agitation. we have developed a procedure that eliminates this problem by maintaining the hemoglobin as hbco except during the brief time it is present as hb, and hbo2 forms following photolysis. oxygen is continuously removed by an enzyme system. the solution is photolyze ...	1993	8367536
in vitro phosphorylation in isolated horizontal cells of the fish retina: effects of the state of light adaptation.	horizontal cells, which are second-order neurons of the vertebrate retina, exhibit synaptic plasticity governed by light and dark adaptation. we have investigated the alterations in the protein phosphorylation patterns of isolated carp (cyprinus carpio) horizontal cells in relation to their state of light adaptation by using an in vitro phosphorylation assay and compared the resulting data with protein synthesis patterns of the whole retina. phosphoproteins and [35s]methionine-labelled proteins ...	1993	8261133
studies on the hypocalcemic actions of salmon calcitonin and ultimobranchial gland extracts in the freshwater teleost cyprinus carpio.	a single injection of synthetic salmon calcitonin (sct) or homologous ultimobranchial gland (ubg) extract caused a significant reduction in total and ultrafiltrable plasma ca2+ in a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio. a time-bound analysis on the effect of sct or ubg extract caused a short-duration hypocalcemia and the response was more pronounced in fish kept in low-ca2+ water. sexually immature fish showed a greater response than did mature fish. in all the studies the protein-bound ca2+ frac ...	1993	8224753
toxic effects of industrial effluents on hatchability and viability of cyprinus carpio eggs.		1993	8387839
risk factors for kidney cancer in new south wales. iv. occupation.	in a population based case-control study of kidney cancer in new south wales, data from structured interviews with 489 cases of renal cell cancer (rcc), 147 cases of renal pelvic cancer (carp), and 523 controls from the electoral roles were obtained about employment in certain industries or occupations, and exposure to particular chemicals chosen because of suspected associations with kidney cancer. a low level of education increased the risk for carp but not rcc. after adjustment for known risk ...	1993	8494775
variable sensitivity of cyprinus carpio eggs, larvae, and fry to pesticides.		1993	8467147
mimosine, a naturally occurring drug interfering primarily with the cell nucleus.	the non-proteinogen aminoacid mimosine interfered seriously with cultured carp hepatocytes when added to the culture medium for 6 h in a concentration of 0.1 m. cell transformation started with condensation of the chromatin into an unusual network of fibrils and segregation of the reticulate nucleolus into its fibrillar and granular components. then chromatin condensation spread homogeneously across the entire nucleus. at the end of the condensation period the nuclear envelope extended towards t ...	1993	7686812
zinc (zn2+) and fish immune response effect on carp il2-like production and activity.	supernatants obtained from pha-activated pronephric carp lymphocytes were able to provoke the growth of carp blasts but not from fresh lymphocytes without mitogens. these supernatants contain certainly soluble growth factor(s) such as il2. the addition of zn2+ (1 mm) to lymphocyte cultures could not enhance supernatants' ability to promote blast proliferation. when zn2+ and pha (50 micrograms/ml) were added, respectively, supernatants obtained could enhance significant tritiated thymidine incorp ...	1993	7682507
acute and subacute toxicity of atrazine to carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	investigations of acute and subacute atrazine toxicity in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were carried out. acute toxicity was investigated in a semi-static test during a 96-hr exposition. the estimated lc-50 value was 18.8 mg/l. subacute toxicity was investigated by exposing fish (carp) to different atrazine concentrations (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/l) for 14 days. biochemical and histopathological changes in certain organs and tissues were investigated. the results show that atrazine leads to changes of ...	1993	7682501
steroidogenesis by ovaries and testes of the european catfish, the wels (silurus glanis), in vitro.	testosterone, 3α,17-dihydroxy-5β-pregnen-20-one, 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βp) and 5β-pregnane-3α,17,20β-triol were identified as the major metabolites of [(3)h] 17-hydroxyprogesterone in ovarian incubations of the european catfish silurus glanis. 17,20βp and the reduced triol were present only in ovaries from fish primed with carp hypophysial homogenate (chh) while testosterone yields were significantly higher in controls than in treated fish. 11-ketotestosterone, 11β-hydroxytestos ...	1993	24214377
efficacy of fumagillin against thelohanellus kitauei infection of israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus.	the potential of fumagillin dicyclohexylamine salt to treat and prevent intestinal giant-cystic disease in israel carp, cyprinus carpio nudus, was monitored in field experimental studies. in experiment 1 (therapeutic), most fish were already naturally infected with more advanced stage of thelohanellus kitauei. fumagillin was administered to fish (mean body weight of 830 g) for a period of one month at a dose of 10.62 mg in the first group and 5.3 mg in the second group per fish per day. in exper ...	1993	8512900
pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) acclimated at two different temperatures.		1993	8478994
the effect of 75% glycerol on the oxygen binding properties of carp hemoglobin.	at ph 6 in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate, ihp, conditions where ligand-saturated carp hemoglobin is already in the low affinity t state, the addition of glycerol has little effect on affinity and ligand binding remains noncooperative. at all other ph values examined, with and without ihp, the effect of glycerol is to lower oxygen affinity possibly by shifting the equilibrium between the t state and the high affinity r state in the direction of the t state. although glycerol does not app ...	1993	8216252
neuropeptide y in the carp torus semicircularis: an immunocytochemical study.	the presence of neuropeptide y-like immunoreactivity in the torus semicircularis of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio was studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. in general, both the nuclei lateralis and centralis of the torus semicircularis showed a high density of immunoreactive fibers from rostral to caudal levels. in particular, in the nucleus lateralis a low density of immunoreactive fibers was only found in the subependymal layer, whereas this was high in the small cell, fibri ...	1993	8250673
the marker for nitric oxide synthase, nadph-diaphorase, co-localizes with gaba in horizontal cells and cells of the inner retina in the carp retina.	nadph-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stained discrete populations of neurons contributing to the inner plexiform layer of the carp retina. in addition h1 horizontal cells contributing to the outer plexiform layer were labeled. in these cells as in a subpopulation of the labeled cells in the inner retina, nadph-activity co-localized with gaba immunoreactivity. nadph-activity is a direct marker for no synthesis and it is concluded that no might be an important mediator of light-dependent ad ...	1993	7694204
cloning and characteristics of fish glial fibrillary acidic protein: implications for optic nerve regeneration.	mammalian central nervous system neurons do not regenerate after axonal injury, unlike their counterparts in fish and amphibians. after axonal injury, glial cells in mammals do not support regrowth of axons, while in fish they support the regeneration process. controversy exists as to whether or not the intact fish optic nerve expresses glial fibrillary acidic protein, a well-known marker for mature astrocytes, and thus whether its astrocytes differ in this respect from those of the brain and sp ...	1993	8376626
hormonal replacement therapy in fish:human growth hormone gene function in hypophysectomized carp.	transgenic common carp,cyprinus carpio, produced by the microinjection of fertilized eggs with a linearized chimeric plasmid pmthgh, a human growth hormone (hgh) gene with a mouse metallothionein-1 (mt) gene promoter in pbr322, were used to produce f1 and f2 transgenics. following hypophysectomy of the transgenic f2 common carp, non-transgenic common carp and non-transgenic crucian carp, growth was monitored for up to 110 days. in addition, recombinant hgh was injected subcutaenously into a grou ...	1993	24202695
neuropeptides and monoamines in the carp (cyprinus carpio) pretectum: an immunocytochemical study.	the distribution of neurotensin, neurokinin a, dynorphin a, galanin, somatostatin-28 (1-12), neuropeptide y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone, alpha-neo-endorphin, angiotensin h, cholecystokinin-8, serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase has been studied in the pretectal nuclei of the cyprinus carpio: nuclei pretectalis superficialis parvicellularis and magnocellularis, pretectalis centralis, pretectalis, and pretectalis periventricula ...	1993	18621246
cyclic nucleotide-activated channels in carp olfactory receptor cells.	when applied from the cytoplasmic side, cyclic 3',5'-adenosine and guanosine monophosphates reversibly increased the ion permeability of inside-out patches of carp olfactory neuron plasma membrane. the camp (cgmp)-induced permeability via camp (cgmp) concentration was fitted by hill's equation with the exponents of 1.07 +/- 0.15 (1.12 +/- 0.05) and ec50 = 1.3 +/- 0.6 microm (0.9 +/- 0.3 microm). substitution of nacl in the bathing solution by chlorides of other alkali metals resulted in a slight ...	1993	8334139
binding and bioactivity of insulin in primary cultures of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	isolated carp hepatocytes cultured in serum-free, chemically defined medium were used to investigate within the same cell preparation characteristics of the binding of insulin as well as effects of insulin on cellular metabolism. the binding of human [(125)i]-insulin to carp hepatocytes was studied in kinetic, saturation and displacement experiments. a dependency of insulin binding on the collagenase used for cell isolation was demonstrated. insulin binding decreased during the first 12h of cult ...	1993	24202501
all-fish gene constructs for growth hormone gene transfer in fish.	in order to develop all-fish expression vectors for microinjection into fertilized fish eggs, we have prepared the following constructs: rainbow trout metallothionein a/b and the gilthead seabream growth hormone cdna (ptmta-gbsghcdna, ptmtb-gsbghcdna), carp β-actin gilthead seabream gh cdna (pcaβ-gsbghcdna). the inducible metallothionein promoters a and b were cloned from rainbow trout, and the constitutive promoter β-actin was isolated from carp.the metallothionein promoters were cloned by usin ...	1993	24202494
insulin and igf-i receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in carp ovaries: changes with reproductive cycle.	insulin and insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) receptors from carp ovaries were semipurified with wheat germ agglutinin at different moments of the reproductive cycle and their binding characteristics and tyrosine kinase activity were studied. specific receptors for insulin and igf-i were found. igf-i receptors presented higher binding (23.8 ± 1.5%), number of receptors (965 ± 20fm/mg) and affinity (kd 0.24 ± 0.03nm) than those shown for insulin receptors (4.1 ± 1%, 530 ± 85fm/mg and 0.85 ± 0. ...	1993	24202482
the regulatory effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone secretion from the pituitary of common carp in vitro.	the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) on growth hormone (gh) and gonadotropin (gth) release, and the influences of somatostatin (srif), the dopamine agonist apomorphine (apo) and extracellular calcium on basal and trh-induced gh release were examined using an in vitro perifusion system for pituitary fragments of common carp (cyprinus carpio). five minute pulses of different dosages of trh stimulated a rapid and dose-dependent increase in gh release from the perifused pituitary fragm ...	1993	24202462
filament-forming domain of carp dorsal myosin rod.	substructure of the myosin rod and its correlation to the filament formation were investigated by using fish myosin rod. it was found that fish rod contains a unique chymotrypsin susceptible site, 40 kda from the cooh-terminus or 20 kda downstream from the subfragment-2/light meromyosin junction (s-2/lmm junction). cleavage at this new site produced subfragment-2 possessing 95 kda subunit (95k s-2) and light meromyosin possessing 40 kda subunit (40k lmm). the latter is the shortest unit ever rep ...	1993	8454573
involvement of fibronectin during epiboly and gastrulation in embryos of the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the present report firstly describes a pilot study in which, during early development of embryos of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, the cellular adhesion to fibronectin (fn) was blocked by administration of grgds peptide (which binds to the fn-receptor). as this treatment resulted in developmental aberrations, suggesting a functional role for fn, the major part of the work was focussed on the distribution of reactivity of anti-fn antibodies during epiboly and gastrulation. grgds treatment had ...	1993	28305992
spinule-type neurite outgrowth from horizontal cells during light adaptation in the carp retina: an actin-dependent process.	dendrites of horizontal cells in the carp retina which invaginate the cone pedicles form numerous spinules during light adaptation. we have analyzed the contribution of cytoskeletal elements to this process. isolated horizontal cells and frozen sections were screened with phalloidin for the existence of f-actin. f-actin was present in all types of horizontal cells and particularly enriched in the distal parts of the dendrites. electron microscopical analysis demonstrated that interruption of the ...	1993	8445409
acute toxicity of selected organophosphorus pesticides to cyprinus carpio and barilius vagra.	the acute toxicity of two organophosphorus (op) pesticides, diazinon and malathion to cyprinus carpio and barilius vagra was determined. mortalities and lc50-96 hr values for b. vagra and c. carpio were variable. both juvenile common carp and b. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. adult b. vagra were more sensitive to malathion than were juvenile common carp.	1993	8426062
hypo-osmotic shock induces an osmolality-dependent permeabilization and structural changes in the membrane of carp sperm.	we carried out spectrofluorimetric and flow cytometric measurements to investigate the effect of hypo-osmotic shock on cell membranes of common carp sperm. the time course of the permeability of the sperm cell membrane, as monitored by dna-related propidium iodide (pi) fluorescence, was followed for 30 min after dilution of semen in hypo-osmotic environments of different ionic strengths. spectrofluorimetric measurements indicated a continuous increase in the total pi emission intensity of a sper ...	1993	8419464
gene transfer by microinjection in the zebra fish brachydanio rerio.	although transgenesis studies of fish started relatively later compared to those of mammals, they have not been completely neglected, and in recent years, many publications have appeared in this field. reviews of transgenesis in fish are given by maclean et al., hew, maclean and penman, and ozato et al. much attention had been focused on commercially important food species, especially in the attempt to insert beneficial genes, such as the antifreeze and growth-hormone genes, into salmonids, such ...	1993	21390647
[digestion, growth and body composition of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding different starch varieties].	maize starch (treatment i), pregelatinized maize starch (ii), wheat starch (iii), pregelatinized wheat starch (iv), potato starch (v) or manioc meal (vi) were mixed in portions of 41% (i-v) or 46.7% (vi) to a basal diet. each experimental diet was fed to 33 carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (three aquaria with 11 carp each) in a daily amount of 1.8-2.0% of live weight. the experiment lasted 118 days and the carp had a mean live weight of 146 g at the beginning. the diets i-iv had a similar, high energy ...	1993	8517771
characterization of catch-relaxing peptide (carp) immunoreactive neurons in the helix nervous system.	both small and large diameter of carp immunoreactive neurons could be observed in the different ganglia of cns of helix but not in the foot musculature. the immunoreactivity is the strongest in the varicose segments of immunoreactive fibers. the present findings suggest a transmitter or modulatory role of carp in both central and peripheral regulatory processes.	1993	8493855
new beta chain-encoding mhc class ii genes in the carp.		1993	8482577
vimentin persists in the mature glia of fish brain.	adult carp brains were processed for immunohistochemical staining against vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. the shape, density and distribution of immunopositive structures were found to be very similar with both types of antibody. thus, it appears that vimentin, the cytoskeletal protein typical for immature glia in the early phase of ontogenesis in mammals can also be demonstrated in the adult glia of the phylogenetically older fish brain.	1993	8369799
biomonitoring of aquatic systems.	the 32p-postlabelling analysis provides a sensitive means for detecting pollution-related dna adducts in aquatic organisms exposed to environmental carcinogens. however, the following factors need to be taken into consideration during the data interpretation: (1) species-specific, naturally occurring dna modifications (or i-compounds) are found in aquatic organisms at levels which are highly season-dependent; and (2) many aquatic organisms, particularly lower invertebrates, cannot form dna adduc ...	1993	8225508
response of serum calcium to administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in the freshwater carp cyprinus carpio maintained either in artificial freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater or calcium-deficient freshwater.	freshwater carps (cyprinus carpio) were injected daily intraperitoneally either with vehicle (0.1 ml 95% ethanol/100 gm body wt), or 1,25(oh)2d3 (5 iu/100 gm body wt) and maintained either in artificial-freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater or calcium-deficient freshwater for 15 days. the specimens were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 after initiation of the experiment and serum calcium levels were analysed. (i) artificial freshwater: serum calcium level of 1,25(oh)2d3 treated specimens incre ...	1993	8197882
recent achievements in the chemotherapy of myxosporean infections of fish.	until quite recently, the therapy of fish diseases caused by myxosporeans has been an unsolved problem. fumagillin is the only effective drug which can be successfully applied against several myxosporeoses in the form of prolonged feeding. it has been used with good results against sphaerosporosis of common carp, hoferellosis of goldfish, myxidiosis of eel, and proliferative kidney disease, whirling disease and ceratomyxosis of salmonids. already a 4- to 6-day feeding of medicated diets containi ...	1993	8116501
sensitivities of achatina giant neurones to peptides isolated from mollusca.	sensitivities of the achatina giant neurones to the peptides isolated from mollusca were examined by their local application of the pneumatic pressure ejection under current clamp. the peptides tested and their effects were as follows: ser2-mip (inhibitory). carp (inhibitory), oxytocin (excitatory), spcb (excitatory), alpha-bcp (no effect). elh (no effect). apgw-amide (inhibitory) and fmrfamide (inhibitory). membrane conductance (g) of a neurone, d-rpean, measured under voltage clamp, was unexpe ...	1993	8098562
growth hormone and gonadotropin secretion in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): in vitro interactions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and the dopamine agonist apomorphine.	the effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) and the superactive agonist [d-arg6, pro9net]-sgnrh (sgnrh-a) on growth hormone (gh) and gonadotropin (gth) release were examined using a perifusion system for pituitary fragments of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). perifusion of 2-min pulses of different concentrations of sgnrh or sgnrh-a stimulated a rapid and dose-dependent increase in gh release: ed50 values for sgnrh and sgnrh-a in stimulating gh release were 2.8 +/- 0.7 and 0.5 ...	1993	8094060
subunit structure of multiple hemoglobins in carp.	three hemoglobin components in carp designated ci, cii, and ciii, were isolated by deae-tokyo-pearl ion-exchange chromatography. constituent globin chains, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2, were analyzed by urea-triton acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isolated by high performance liquid chromatography with a reverse-phase column. tryptic peptide mapping indicated that the alpha-globin chains of the three hemoglobin components have slightly different structures. in addition, n-term ...	1993	8071464
effect of sublethal concentration of mercury and zinc on the energetics of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio (linnaeus).	exposure of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio to the sublethal concentration of mercury (0.1 mg l-1) and zinc (6.0 mg l-1) resulted in distinct changes in the energy metabolism of gill, liver and muscle at 1, 15 and 30 days. the changes were: (a) the rate of oxygen consumption and sdh activity decreased in the organs of mercury-exposed fish at all the three exposure periods in the order 1 > 15 < 30 days. whereas, an increase was observed in these parameters in the organs of zinc-exposed fish in ...	1993	7871926
peptidergic and aminergic centers in the helix cerebral ganglia: somatotopy and immunocytochemistry.	in helix cerebral ganglia the relationship between location of serotonin, dopamine, carp, fmrfamide, met-enkephalin, and substance p immunoreactive neurons and the different representation foci of the head areas was compared. the majority of immunoreactive neurons was located in representation foci, however, the extension of immunoreactive centers are larger than the representation foci. therefore, the real extension of a representation focus with the additional non-efferent neurons might be lar ...	1993	7684175
reprogramming of nucleolar gene expression during the acclimatization of the carp.	during seasonal acclimatization of eurythermal fish, the nucleolus of the hepatocyte undergoes ultrastructural reprogramming. in winter acclimatized carp, the nucleolar components are segregated, a condition that suggests a decreased transcription of rrna. the same nucleolar reorganization was observed when pituitary cells from winter- and summer-acclimatized carp were examined. in situ analyses of nucleolar rna revealed a marked lowering of rna content in the segregated nucleoli. accordingly, i ...	1993	7519943
optical probing of active membrane potential using lasers and microoptics.	we developed an optical probing system of active membrane potentials using lasers and microoptics. we measured the action potential of carp heart by multiple-wavelength and multiple-site optical probing system. taking advantage of the coherent laser beam, an optical microprobing method for micro-study on ion channel activity is proposed.	1993	7505857
acyl-coa: cholesterol acyltransferase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase in carp-liver microsomes: effect of cold acclimation on enzyme activities and on hepatic and plasma lipid composition.	hepatic microsomal activities of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa (hmg-coa) reductase, rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol esterification and cholesterol synthesis, and the concentration sand compartmentalization of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, were studied in carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. irrespective of acclimation temperature, carp-liver acat is characterized by an apparent km-value for oleoyl-coa of 11-15 microm and display ...	1992	1450216
differential susceptibility of early steps in carp (cyrinus carpio) development to α-amanitin.	carp embryos were dechorionated and their early development was studied in the presence or absence of a-amanitin. cleavage and the formation of the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial layer were not influenced by the drug. however, a-amanitin largely blocked epiboly which started 6 h after fertilization in controls. involution of deep cells, taking place during gastrulation movements, appeared to be blocked to a lesser degree. this might reflect differences in the degree to which maternal transc ...	1992	28306004
temperature shifts induce adaptive changes in the physical state of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) erythrocyte plasma membranes in vitro.	blood, freshly collected from warm- and cold-acclimated carp, cyprinus carpio l., was cooled to 5°c for 4h or warmed to 25°c for 4h, respectively, and the fluorescence anisotropy of washed red blood cells was recorded using the fluorescent dye 3-(p-(6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl) phenyl propionic acid [dph-pa] (which is restricted to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane) before and after the temperature shift. despite individual variation, the plasma membrane of cold-exposed erythrocytes became ...	1992	24214332
phenotypic changes in germ cells during gonadal development of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). an immunohistochemical study with anti-carp spermatogonia monoclonal antibodies.	a procedure is described in which large early spermatogonia were isolated from carp testes and purified from an initial 4-5% recovery up to 60-70% using equilibrium density centrifugation on a continuous percoll gradient. mice were immunized with the spermatogonia via the intrasplenic route. six hybridoma cultures, producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting selectively with germ cells, were selected and further analysed. reactivity with five of these mabs was observed on primordial germ cel ...	1992	1487430
protease activities in carp retina.	protease of carp retina were examined by electrophoresis and fluorogenic assays. a 70 kd serine protease with an alkaline ph optimum was detected in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels. a similar enzyme was found in carp brain and muscle, but not in lens. using aminomethylcoumarin (mca) substrates, activities that hydrolysed z-phe-arg-mca, boc-ala-gly-pro-arg-mca and various aminoacyl-mcas were detected. the z-phe-arg-mca hydrolase was an acidic cysteine protease, whereas the boc-ala-gly-pro- ...	1992	1303734
use of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic agent in goldfish (cyprinus carpio).		1992	1466124
effect of seasonal acclimatization on estrogen-induced vitellogenesis and on the hepatic estrogen receptors in the male carp.	the levels of circulating vitellogenin in the plasma of male carp after induction by estradiol-17 beta was examined in summer- and winter-acclimatized fish. during the warm season male fish exhibited a clear vitellogenic response, whereas the fish adapted to the cold season did not. the evaluation of the hepatic estrogen receptors revealed that although steroid-binding affinity is not affected by seasonal acclimatization, the concentration of estrogen receptors certainly is. this was evidenced i ...	1992	1482394
neuropeptides and monoamines in the torus semicircularis of the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-neo-endorphin, angiotensin ii, cholecystokinin-8, serotonin, and tyrosine hydroxylase has been studied in the nuclei lateralis and centralis of the cyprinus carpio torus semicircularis using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. in both nuclei, we found vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-neo-endorphi ...	1992	1422851
an initial screen of a series of neuroactive peptides for activity on identified central neurones of helix aspersa.	1. intracellular recordings were made from identified neurones in the suboesophageal ganglia of helix aspersa. seven neuropeptides were tested for activity and their actions compared with acetylcholine and fmrfamide. 2. three peptides isolated from nematodes, af-1, af-2 and pan-1 had mainly inhibitory effects with thresholds of around 1 nm. this inhibition was due to an increase in potassium conductance. 3. the molluscan neuropeptides lssfvriamide, carp and acep-1 were all active on certain neur ...	1992	1363295
frequency analyses of active nors in nuclei of artificially induced triploid fishes.	the correspondence between increased numbers of both chromosomal and nuclear nors and artificially induced triploidy in three fish species (rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss; common carp, cyprinus carpio; and tench, tinea tinea) has been confirmed by cma3 fluorescence and ag-staining. the frequencies of cell nuclei with one, two and three active nors, as revealed by ag-staining, has been analyzed statistically to find the minimum cell number which verifies the increased ploidy level. a minimum ...	1992	24197230
dopamine decreases receptive field size of rod-driven horizontal cells in carp retina.	receptive field size of rod-driven horizontal cells (hcs) in the carp retina was measured by the spread of responses to the slit of light stimulus with changing the distance from the recording electrode and it was found to decay with a single exponential function. by perfusing 10 microm dopamine (da) the length constant of rod-driven hcs was reduced to half and the response amplitude in the centre increased approximately two-fold, and the input resistance was markedly increased. this suggests th ...	1992	1337637
rod-cone interaction in carp retina: an analysis of electroretinographic b-waves.	changes in electroretinographic b-wave in the presence of background lights of increasing intensity were examined in isolated, superfused carp retinas. within a certain range of ambient illumination b-waves elicited by red (695 nm) test flashes against dimmer background lights were smaller in size than against brighter ones. accordingly, incremental thresholds for red flashes decreased as the intensity of background lights increased within this intensity range. the results suggest that cone path ...	1992	1476617
dendritic morphology of interstitial amacrine cells with monostratified dendrites in different-sized carp retinas.	the dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial (is) amacrine cells in retinas of different-sized carp (body length, 9.1-32.3 cm) was investigated by identifying their fluorescent nuclei pre-loaded with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi), followed by iontophoretic injection of lucifer yellow (ly) in isolated and formaldehyde-fixed flat-mounts under microscopic control. the ly-injected fusiform or pyriform cell bodies were found to locate at the middle of the inner plexiform layer (ipl) or i ...	1992	1511523
effect of certain toxicants on gonadotropin-induced ovarian non-esterified cholesterol depletion and steroidogenic enzyme stimulation of the common carp cyprinus carpio in vitro.	isolated ovarian tissues from the common carp, cyprinus carpio were incubated in vitro to obtain a discrete effect of four common toxicants of industrial origin, namely phenol, sulfide, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride, on gonadotropin-induced alteration of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol and steroidogenic enzymes, delta 5-3 beta-hsd and 17 beta-hsd activity. stage ii ovarian tissue containing 30-40% mature oocytes were shown to be most responsive to gonadotropins in depleting onl ...	1992	1642793
inhibition of ca2+ uptake in freshwater carp, cyprinus carpio, during short-term exposure to aluminum.	in carp exposed to ph 5.2 in fresh water, the ca2+ influx from the water is reduced by 31% when compared to fish in water of neutral ph. at ph 5.2, the ca2+ influx but not na+ uptake is decreased by aluminum (al). al reduces ca2+ influx dose-dependently: a maximum 55% reduction was observed after 1-2 h exposure to 200 micrograms.1(-1) (7.4 microm) al. branchial ca2+ efflux is less sensitive to al and affected only by exposure for more than 1 h to high al concentrations. na+ influx is not affecte ...	1992	1640197
a multimicroelectrode system composed of independent glass micropipettes with an eccentric tip structure for simultaneous intracellular recording.	a glass multimicroelectrode system for simultaneous intracellular recordings is described in which four pieces of micropipettes with rectangular cross section are arranged in a square compartment. each tip position is shifted from the central axis of the electrode stem toward the crest line of its corner. such micropipettes are mechanically bundled to one another so that the horizontal spacing among tips can be made shorter than the electrode diameter and components are independently penetrable. ...	1992	1601448
[production of a carp-based hamburger-like product by reducing the water activity].	the experimental conditions were determined in order to conserve lean fish by means of combined factors based on aw and ph reduction as well as the addition of an antifungal. theoretical aw was determined in formulas containing fish, sodium chloride, glycerol and sorbitol applying a mathematic model. from the results of the prediction, 4 formulas were prepared experimentally with (cyprinus carpio). phosphoric acid was added to the products in order to obtain a 5.5-6.0 ph. the final formulas were ...	1992	1341858
partial purification and properties of glutathione peroxidase from carp hepatopancreas.	1. two glutathione peroxidases (gsh-px), d1 and d2, were partially purified from the hepatopancreas of common carp cyprinus carpio by ion-exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic chromatography. the enzymatic properties of those enzymes were examined. 2. the d1 and d2 differed in following enzymatic properties. the ph optima of d1 and d2 were 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. 3. when stored at ph 4.0 for 36 hr, d1 kept 70% of maximal activity while only 30% of that was shown in d2. 4. d1 and d2 lost a ...	1992	1526130
dna adducts in carp exposed to artificial diesel-2 oil slicks.	in attempts to mimic field exposure, oil slicks prepared from diesel-2 oil/water emulsions were poured onto the surface of water in tanks prepared fresh every day and liver dna adducts were analyzed by 32p-postlabeling in carp free-swimming in these tanks. 'clusters' of lipophilic dna adducts were detected, with five major and numerous minor adducts. essentially a similar adduct pattern was found in the liver dna of carp exposed to crude oil-polluted water. diesel-2 adduct induction was observed ...	1992	1397068
structure and sequence of the growth hormone-encoding gene from tilapia nilotica.	we report here the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the growth hormone (gh)-encoding gene (gh) of the tilapia fish (tilapia nilotica). the t. nilotica gh gene, similar to that of the salmonidae fish, atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, contains six exons and five introns. however, despite the presence of an additional intron (intron v), the size of the primary transcript of t. nilotica gh (1666 nt) is significantly shorter than that of all other currently characterized fish gh genes. comparison of seq ...	1992	1572545
a flow procedure to determine oxygen binding isotherms for low affinity and easily oxidized hemoglobins.	1. the determination of binding isotherms for low affinity hemoglobins is particularly difficult because of rapid autoxidation. 2. in carp hb (ph 6 + ihp, 25 degrees c), one-quarter of the hemes are oxidized within 3 min, preventing the accurate determination of even p50 or x. 3. we circumvent this problem by rapidly flowing hbo2, initially at ph 9 (x = 1.4 microm), against a low ph buffer to bring the system rapidly to equilibrium in the low affinity form. diode-array spectrophotometry allows a ...	1992	1611887
purification of the sex steroid-binding protein from common carp (cyprinus carpio) plasma.	1. sex steroid-binding protein was purified from common carp plasma. 2. testosterone- and estradiol-binding activity existed at the same fraction eluted from gel sepharose cl-2b, deae-sephacel, hydroxylapatite and hplc. 3. the molecular weight of the sex steroid-binding protein was 194,000. 4. at 50% displacement the order in which the steroids displaced [3h]testosterone bound to the binding protein was as follows: androstenedione greater than estradiol-17 beta greater than 11-deoxy-17-hydroxyco ...	1992	1611876
neuropeptides in the torus semicircularis of the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing neurotensin, neurokinin a, galanin, or somatostatin-28(1-12) immunoreactivity in the torus semicircularis of the carp was studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. in this mesencephalic region, a high-density of galanin-immunoreactive fibers was found, whereas neurokinin a or somatostatin-28(1-12)-immunoreactive processes were observed at a moderate density and neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers at a low density. cell bodies contai ...	1992	1377585
effects of hypoxia on renal function in carp, cyprinus carpio.	1. changes in urine and blood properties and heart rate (hr) of carp were investigated during and following hypoxia. 2. when carp were exposed to hypoxic conditions, urine flow in some carp increased immediately. however, it decreased gradually with time. osmotic pressure and na+, cl-, ca2+ and mg2+ levels in urine increased in contrast to urine flow. k+, p, ammonium, and lactic acid levels in urine increased gradually. 3. when carp lost their balance, blood ph and plasma k+ were lower, and rbc, ...	1992	1351452
[effects of prolonged darkness and background illumination on cone horizontal cells in carp retina: a correlative study of morphology and physiology].	using intact, immobilized carp preparations, changes in light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells and ultrastructures of their terminals in cone pedicles (hcts) were correlatively examined in prolonged (greater than 2 h) darkness and after the presentation of a dim background light. following background illumination cone horizontal cells exhibit high light responsiveness and hcts give rise to a lot of long, fingerlike or ball-like extensions, called slender or round spinules. when the retina ...	1992	1320293
isolation and sequence analysis of carp gonadotropin beta-subunit gene.	using the cdna encoding the beta subunit of carp gonadotropin (cgth-beta) as a probe, 14 clones containing cgth-beta gene have been isolated from a carp genomic library. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the transcriptional unit of the cgth-beta gene is 1.2 kb. similar to mammalian gth-beta genes, cgth-beta gene contains three exons and two introns. the locations of the exon/intron junctions also correspond to those of mammalian gth-beta gene. using the primer extension assay, the star ...	1992	1308812
cutaneous graft-versus-host-like reaction after paternal lymphocyte immunization for prevention of recurrent abortion.	we have presented an immunocompetent patient who, after paternal lymphocyte immunization, developed a gvh-like skin reaction; she recovered spontaneously. this complication is rarely seen. this was the only case observed in our series of over 70 patients immunized. a similar phenomenon was not reported in a larger series by carp and colleagues (1). however, the case deserves special attention because this reaction can be life-threatening. therefore, we suggest that paternal lymphocyte immunizati ...	1992	1290481
papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	over a period of two years four ornamental koi carp (cyprinus carpio) of one variety in a mixed population of 16 were affected with papillomas of the head and body. in one fish there was a transition of these tumours into a squamous cell carcinoma in the region of the head and posterior gill space, with deep invasion of the underlying bone. one of the fish recovered completely after the sloughing of the papillomas. in view of the progressive nature of the lesions, the condition was presumed to b ...	1992	1566540
crystal structure of the unique parvalbumin component from muscle of the leopard shark (triakis semifasciata). the first x-ray study of an alpha-parvalbumin.	the three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin from leopard shark (triakis semifasciata) with 109 amino acid residues (alpha-series) is described at 1.54 a resolution. crystals were grown at 20 degrees c from 2.9 m-potassium/sodium phosphate solutions at ph 5.6. the space group is p3(1)21 and unit cell dimensions are a = b = 32.12 a and c = 149.0 a. the structure has been solved by the molecular replacement method using pike 4.10 parvalbumin as a model. the final structure refinement resulted in ...	1992	1542115
properties of common carp gonadotropin i and gonadotropin ii.	two gonadotropins, gth i and gth ii, were extracted with 35% ethanol-10% ammonium acetate, ph 6.1, from female common carp pituitary glands and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on a de-52 column followed by gel filtration on a sephadex g-75 column. molecular weights of gth i and gth ii as determined by sds-page were 45,000 and 35,000, respectively. both gths dissociate into two subunits following reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol. these subunits contain different n-terminal amino acids ...	1992	1601254
specific cesium activity in freshwater fish and the size effect.	the specific cs-137 activity of muscle tissue of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from the cooling pond of the chernobyl nuclear power plant caught in 1987 and 1988 increased almost linearly with fish weight ("size effect") in contrast to liver tissue, whose specific activity remained independent of weight. a kinetic model for uptake and excretion was developed to describe the size effect in muscle tissue by introducing a weight-dependent cs biological half-time to fish. similar size ef ...	1992	1574700
comparative study on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio by mercury and zinc.	the effects of sublethal concentrations of mercury (0.1mg/l) and zinc (6 mg/l) on acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine content of gill, kidney, intestine, brain, liver and muscle of the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio at 1, 15 and 30 days of exposure were studied. a significant suppression in acetylcholinesterase activity was recorded in all the organs from both mercury and zinc intoxicated fish at all the exposure periods. concurrently, a significant increase in the content of acetyl ...	1992	1558548
the influence of temperature on muscle function in the fast swimming scup. ii. the mechanics of red muscle.	to understand better how scup can swim twice as fast as carp with its red muscle, we measured the mechanical properties of red muscle bundles in scup. the values of the mean maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) at 10 degrees c (3.32 muscle lengths s-1) and at 20 degrees c (5.55 muscle lengths s-1; q10 = 1.69) were nearly the same as those in carp. isometric force, however, was approximately 50% greater (183 kn m-2; q10 = 1.08). the maximal power generation was correspondingly about 50% greater ...	1992	1556515
the influence of temperature on muscle function in the fast swimming scup. i. shortening velocity and muscle recruitment during swimming.	in this study, electromyography showed that scup can swim to a maximum speed of 80 cm s-1 with their red muscle whereas previous results showed that carp can swim to only 45 cm s-1. our aim was to evaluate the adaptations that enable scup to swim nearly twice as fast as carp. although we anticipated that, at their respective maximum speeds, the red muscle of scup would be shortening at twice the velocity (v) of carp muscle, we found that the values of v were the same (2.04 muscle lengths s-1). a ...	1992	1556514
the effect of pesticides on carp (cyprinus carpio l). acetylcholinesterase and its biochemical characterization.	the activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized in tissues of the carp (cyprinus carpio). tissue ache activity was determined in response to specific inhibitors (ethopropazine, bw 284 c51) or pesticides (cuso4, paraquat (pq), methidathion (md)). the highest ache activity was found in the serum (878 +/- 100 u/liter), followed by the brain (113 +/- 12 u/liter), heart (89 +/- 6 u/liter), and trunk muscle (35 +/- 5 u/liter). experiments with specific choline estera ...	1992	1375147
characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptors in the ovary of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) binding sites have been characterized in the fully mature common carp ovary, using an analog of salmon gnrh ([d-arg6,trp7,leu8,pro9-net]-gnrh; sgnrh-a) as a labeled ligand. binding of sgnrh-a to carp follicular membrane preparation was found to be time-, temperature-, and ph-dependent. optimal binding was achieved after 40 min of incubation at 4 degrees c at ph 7.6; binding was found to be unstable at room temperature. binding of radioligand was a function o ...	1992	1325864
effect of nickel on some aspects of protein metabolism in the gill and kidney of the freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio l.	nickel has an adverse effect on some aspects of protein metabolism of the freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio. the main changes observed were: (a) decrease in soluble, structural and total proteins, alat and aat activities with an increase in the levels of free amino acids, protease and gdh activities and ammonia in the gill and kidney at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days of exposure to a lethal concentration, 40 mg litre(-1) of nickel; (b) increase in soluble, structural and total proteins, free amino acids and ...	1992	15091978
chromaticity of synaptic inputs to h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: analysis by voltage-clamp and spectral adaptation.	cone photoreceptor inputs to h1 horizontal cells (h1 hcs) in carp retina were studied by measuring light-modulated currents (il) to monochromatic stimuli (460, 533, 688 nm) under a voltage-clamp condition. by using double-barrelled micro-electrodes h1 hcs were voltage-clamped whilst perfusing with dopamine to uncouple the cells. the il of the h1 hcs driven by each cone input was segregated by selective chromatic adaptation, and differences in the kinetics of the il of the h1 hcs were revealed. t ...	1992	1644113
reptilian class i major histocompatibility complex genes reveal conserved elements in class i structure.	the polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate clones with class i major histocompatibility complex sequences from fish (carp), amphibian (axolotl), and two species of reptile (lizard and snake). the lizard and snake clones were used to isolate class i cdna clones. all the sequences showed the expected evolutionary relatedness. the carp and axolotl clones and one lizard cdna clone lacked the first cysteine in the alpha 3 domain which in other class i heavy chains forms an intradomain disulfid ...	1992	1612650
regulation of ache system of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, under fenvalerate toxicity.		1992	1581676
fast skeletal myosin isoforms in thermally acclimated carp.	fast skeletal myosins were isolated from carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c, and their structural and enzymatic properties were compared. myosins in 0.5 m kcl were subjected to limited proteolysis by using various proteases including alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and papain, and different sds-page patterns were seen for the 10- and 30 degrees c-acclimated myosins in all cases. myosin subfragment-1 (s1) prepared from the 10 degrees c-acclimated myosin by alpha-chymotryptic digestion in 0.12 m ...	1992	1535074
parvalbumin in skeletal muscles of teleost (tinca tinca l. and misgurnus fossilis l.). histochemical and immunohistochemical study.	musculatures of two fish species belonging to the suborder cyprinoidei were examined histochemically and immunohistochemically for demonstration of matp-ase activity and parvalbumin content, respectively. the tench lateral musculature shows a typical "acid reversal" picture of matp-ase activity--red fibres are alkali labile, acid stable and white and white fibres are alkali stable, acid labile. in the pond loach a superficial layer of musculature is composed of alkali--and acid stable red fibres ...	1992	1483535
risk factors for kidney cancer in new south wales--i. cigarette smoking.	in a population-based case-control study of kidney cancer in new south wales, data from structured interviews with 489 cases of renal cell cancer (rcc), 147 cases of renal pelvic cancer (carp) diagnosed in 1989 and 1990, and 523 controls from the electoral rolls confirmed an increased risk associated with cigarette smoking in both types of cancer. the risk among current smokers was consistently higher than among ex-smokers, and was nearly twice as great for carp than for rcc. additional informat ...	1992	1419302
mechanisms for anoxic survival in the vertebrate brain.	when energy supplies to the mammalian brain are significantly reduced by anoxia, for a very short time energy requirements are curtailed by such routes as the suppression of synaptic transmission, while energy supply is enhanced by an increase in cerebral blood flow and an increase in glycolysis. the reduction of atp consumption is insufficient to match the greatly curtailed supply of atp coming from anaerobic glycolysis and the hydrolysis of pcr, and within minutes atp falls, there is a loss of ...	1992	1348613