Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of hiv-1 in human lung macrophages using the polymerase chain reaction. | we have used the polymerase chain reaction to investigate hiv-1 infection of lung macrophages from 44 aids patients with pneumonia. proviral hiv-1 dna was detected in the lung macrophages of 47% (21 of 44) of patients tested; 32% (seven of 21) of the patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and 56% (11 of 21) had pneumonia caused by other aetiological agents. matched peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 22 patients in this study, and hiv-1-specific dna was detected in 100% (22 ... | 1990 | 2282185 |
| low-dose dapsone prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids and aids-related complex. | the efficacy, toxicity and cost of orally administered dapsone (50-100 mg/day) for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were evaluated in 30 patients with aids or aids-related complex (arc). six patients received primary and 24 secondary prophylaxis. ten patients received a maximum dose of 100 mg/day and 20 a maximum of 50 mg/day for a median duration of 19 weeks; 22 of the 30 patients continue to receive prophylaxis as of may 1989. four patients have died, none of pneumocystis in ... | 1990 | 2282188 |
| pathological characteristics for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a retrospective autopsy study. | the clinical records of 63 patients who during the period 1980-1983 showed pneumocysts in lung specimen imprints obtained at autopsy have been reviewed in order to establish possible characteristics for the diagnosis of pc pneumonia. autopsies were performed at 2 copenhagen hospitals, rigshospitalet and the finsen institute. the 63 pc-positive cases included 9 with blood diseases, 27 with solid tumors, 5 with immunological disorders and 22 with other diseases. the characteristic extensive change ... | 1990 | 2282205 |
| fiberoptic bronchoscopy and sputum examination for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in aids patients in stockholm. | for diagnosing pulmonary disease on 82 occasions in 68 patients (64 males) aged 39 (23-73) years infected with hiv-1 we used flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (ffb) with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) or washing with or without transbronchial lung biopsy (tbb) and brushing. a clinical diagnosis of lower respiratory tract disease was obtained in 68/82 episodes (83%). an etiological diagnosis was reached by ffb in 59/82 episodes (72%). pneumocystis carinii (pc), the dominating pathogen causing pneumo ... | 1990 | 2284573 |
| deferoxamine and eflornithine (dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine) in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the iron chelator deferoxamine and the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor eflornithine (dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine) were examined for anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in the rat model of p. carinii pneumonia. the activity of deferoxamine at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg given intraperitoneally provides evidence that iron chelation is a promising novel approach to p. carinii chemotherapy. results with eflornithine at 2, 3, and 4% in drinking water confirm and extend previously reported activity ... | 1990 | 2285303 |
| choroidal lesions in patients with aids. | seven cases of bilateral, scattered, yellow-white choroidal lesions have been seen in aids patients since january 1988. one resulted from presumed extension of cryptococcal meningitis into the optic nerve and choroid. all the remaining six patients had pneumocystis pneumonia at some time during the course of the disease and were receiving aerosolised pentamidine therapy. none died quickly of disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection, unlike previously reported patients. mycobacterial infection ... | 1990 | 2285685 |
| infection prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia--a randomized, comparative study with ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole/colistin. | preliminary results are presented of an ongoing, prospective, randomized, study comparing ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole/colistin for the prevention of infection in patients with acute leukaemia. the results for 59 patients (median age 47 years, range 21-72) included 88 episodes of neutropenia, each associated with a course of cytotoxic therapy. the main factor measured was the time elapsed from the beginning of neutropenia (neutrophils less than 500/microliter) until the first infe ... | 1990 | 2286588 |
| [infection prophylaxis in patients with hematological malignancies (i)--successful prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim]. | in a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smx-tmp) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, we studied 1760 patients wit hematological malignancies over a twenty-year period (1970-1989). 449 patients received oral smx-tmp, most of all received 400 mg of smx and 80 mg of tmp twice per day. none of the patients receiving smx-tmp developed p carinii pneumonitis, whereas twenty-six (2.0%) of the 1311 patients who did not receive smx-tmp develo ... | 1990 | 2287067 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole anaphylactoid reactions in patients with aids: case reports and literature review. | adverse effects are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). two patients experienced a rare anaphylactoid syndrome. within hours of receiving a double-strength tmp-smx tablet, a 28-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive man developed fever, hypotension, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was begun but discontinued 2 days later when signs and symptoms resolved and sp ... | 1990 | 2287564 |
| adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma of the tongue. | a case of posterior tongue lymphoma associated with adult t-cell leukemia (atl) that occurred as a lesion in the lingual dorsal portion is reported in a 64-year-old woman. initially, a diagnosis of hodgkin's lymphoma was considered as no findings associated with atl except lymphadenopathy and serum anti-atla antibodies were present. combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered with favorable results; however, 4 months later, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed, and 2 months late ... | 1990 | 2290650 |
| [the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases]. | bronchoalveoläre lavage (bal) allows microscopic, cytologic and immunocytologic diagnosis of alveolar and interstitial lung disease. the indications for bal depend on chest x-rays, signs and symptoms and lung function tests, e.g., spirometry or whole-body plethysmography, co-diffusion capacity and blood gases during exercise. supporting laboratory parameters are angiotensin converting enzyme, antinuclear antibodies and serum precipitins. pulmonary parenchymal pathology documented on chest x-rays ... | 1990 | 2290924 |
| [drug-induced changes in the lungs]. | there is a growing number of drugs with lung toxicity, and radiologists are increasingly confronted with nonspecific patterns of possibly drug-induced lung disease. the present article reviews clinical symptoms, pathological findings and radiographic features associated with drugs causing lung disease. roentgen-morphological categorization is based on the predominant pattern and distinguishes five groups of drugs that cause interstitial opacities, air space consolidation, mixed interstitial and ... | 1990 | 2290925 |
| improved short-term survival of aids patients initially diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1984 through 1987. | i analyzed trends in the survival of 36,847 adults who were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome between january 1984 and september 1987 under the pre-1987 surveillance definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. for patients in whom pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was among the first manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the estimated 1-year survival increased from 42.7% for those diagnosed in 1984 and 1985 (95% confidence interval, 41.5% to 44.3%) to 54.5% for ... | 1990 | 2294306 |
| survival trends for patients with aids. | to evaluate trends in the length of survival for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we calculated survival following diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for 4323 cases reported in san francisco, calif, between july 1981 and december 31, 1987. patients were followed up prospectively through december 31, 1988. the median survival for all patients was 12.5 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 3.4%. significantly improved survival was observed for patients diagnosed with ... | 1990 | 2294307 |
| extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in aids: ct findings. | clinical and computed tomographic (ct) findings in three cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. proved sites of involvement included the spleen (n = 2), bone marrow (n = 1), liver (n = 1), and peritoneal and pleural fluid (n = 1). ct findings included focal low-attenuation splenic lesions that became progressively calcified in rimlike or punctate fashion; punctate calcifications in the liver, renal cortices ... | 1990 | 2294543 |
| pneumocystis carinii: improved models to study efficacy of drugs for treatment or prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia in the rat (rattus spp.). | rats which were immunosuppressed with adrenal corticosteroids then transtracheally inoculated with pneumocystis carinii were evaluated as models for study of drug efficacy. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, known to be effective against pneumocystis, was given in therapeutic and prophylactic regimens and its long-term effectiveness determined by a protocol to study relapse. untreated animals uniformly developed severe infection with differences in numbers of organisms between untreated and treated ... | 1990 | 2295322 |
| retrospective analysis of the efficacy of open lung biopsy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | open lung biopsy (olb) was performed on 66 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from november 1981 through december 1987. twenty-two patients with severe respiratory failure died within a month, 3 during operation. fourteen patients with negative transbronchial biopsy and 19 with failure of treatment based on transbronchial biopsy died within a year. six were alive and 5 were lost to follow-up. the most common organism found in patients with severe respiratory failure was pneumocysti ... | 1990 | 2297257 |
| use of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. | we studied the efficacy and safety of bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in mechanically ventilated patients. seventy-seven patients, 60 of whom underwent bal, were analyzed. of the patients undergoing bal, 30 had clinical pneumonia, 24 had a diagnosis other than pneumonia by clinical criteria or autopsy, and six could not be classified but clinically improved without changing their antibiotic therapy. of the 30 pneumonia patients, 18 had bacterial cultures felt to be diagnostic of b ... | 1990 | 2298009 |
| pneumothoraces and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in two aids patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | two cases of focal recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with pneumothorax occurred in patients with aids who had received aerosolized pentamidine therapy. a resected lung specimen from one patient suggested that subpleural cavitary lung destruction by p carinii was pathogenically responsible for the pneumothorax. this report represents the first case known to the author documenting the etiology of pcp-associated pneumothorax by pathologic examination. | 1990 | 2298076 |
| immunocytochemical detection of chitin in pneumocystis carinii. | polyclonal antisera against chitin and chitin oligomers were used to stain pneumocystis carinii by the immunoperoxidase technique in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of four human lung biopsies and in alcohol-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks of two bronchioloalveolar lavage specimens from infected human patients. in all cases, the antisera bound p. carinii but did not bind the host tissue elements. moreover, the antisera bound not only to the cyst forms of p. carinii but also to th ... | 1990 | 2298484 |
| localization of host immunoglobulin g to the surface of pneumocystis carinii. | in immunoblotting studies of pneumocystis carinii surface proteins, we found that a secondary antibody, anti-human immunoglobulin g (igg), recognized a 52-kilodalton (kda) band in homogenates of p. carinii purified from human autopsy lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, even when serum as a source of primary antibody was omitted. the electrophoretic mobility of the 52-kda band is identical to that of igg heavy chains. in addition to affinity-purified, anti-human igg, monoclonal antibodies sp ... | 1990 | 2298486 |
| role of fibronectin in pneumocystis carinii attachment to cultured lung cells. | attachment of pathogens to host cells is a prerequisite for the development of many infections. pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia is characterized by attachment of pc trophozoites to the alveolar epithelium. the mechanism of this process is unknown. fibronectin (fn) is a glycoprotein present in the alveolar space known to mediate cell-cell attachment, including the attachment of certain pathogens to host epithelial cells. in this study the binding of fn to pc trophozoites has been characterize ... | 1990 | 2298909 |
| pneumocystis carinii: inhibition of lung cell growth mediated by parasite attachment. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a significant cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. current concepts suggest that attachment of p. carinii to alveolar epithelium is required for development of pneumonia. we examined the mechanism of p. carinii adherence to cultured a549 cells, a permanent cell line derived from human alveolar epithelium. p. carinii adherence was quantified by measuring attachment of 51cr-labeled p. carinii to cultured a549 cells. after 8 h of incubation, 37.4 +/- 4 ... | 1990 | 2298914 |
| pneumocystis carinii involvement of the liver and spleen: ct demonstration. | patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are subject to a variety of infections, including mycobacteria avium intracellulare, cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidium, and pneumocystis carinii. pneumocystis is most commonly associated with a potentially fatal pneumonia in aids patients. other organ involvement by pneumocystis is rare. we present a patient with hepatic and presumed splenic infiltration by pneumocystis. | 1990 | 2298983 |
| widespread visceral calcifications in disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection: ct characteristics. | a case of disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection is presented. calcifications of similar character were found by ct in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys. biopsy of a calcified axillary lymph node demonstrated necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis, with pneumocystis organisms and dystrophic calcifications clustered centrally within the granulomas. | 1990 | 2298984 |
| serologic responses to pneumocystis carinii antigens in health and disease. | serum antibodies to human pneumocystis carinii antigens were measured in greater than 400 specimens from different population groups by the immunoblotting technique. serologic responses varied during the first 2 years of life, but in children greater than or equal to 2 1/2 years and in adults antibodies to a 40-kda band were found in greater than 85% of the specimens; antigens to bands of 66, 92, and 116 kda were also detected frequently. the prevalence of serum antibodies in immunosuppressed pa ... | 1990 | 2299209 |
| a randomized trial of open lung biopsy versus empiric antimicrobial therapy in cancer patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. | twenty-four cancer patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonitis (dip) were randomized to undergo an open lung biopsy (olb) within 8 hours of presentation (12 patients) or to receive empiric antimicrobial therapy (et) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) erythromycin for a minimum of 4 days (12 patients). patients whose condition deteriorated underwent an olb on day 4. eight of 12 patients (67%) having olb survived versus 10 of 12 (83%) receiving et (p = .64). morbidity occurred in nine ... | 1990 | 2299367 |
| successful treatment with an unrelated-donor bone marrow transplant in an hla-deficient patient with severe combined immune deficiency ("bare lymphocyte syndrome"). | an 8-month-old white female infant with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had a normal blastogenic response to mitogens but no response to a variety of antigens, as well as a poor response to allogeneic cells in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture assays. the patient's mononuclear cells had defective class i (hla-a, -b, -c) and absent class ii (hla-d) antigen expression on their surface, thus establishing the diagnosis of hla-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (bare lymphocyte syndrome). fami ... | 1990 | 2299498 |
| serum triiodothyronine values. prognostic indicators of acute mortality due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a feasibility study was undertaken prospectively to identify early clinical and laboratory factors predictive of acute hospital mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and concurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. twenty-six patients hospitalized with bronchoscopy-proved p carinii pneumonia were studied. nineteen patients survived their episode of p carinii pneumonia, while 7 subjects did not. the only clinical factor associated with mortality was a history of a shorte ... | 1990 | 2302016 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection of bone marrow in patients with malignant lymphoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. original report of three cases. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia was reported with increased frequency in patients presenting with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or in patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy for hemopathies. extrapulmonary dissemination of pc is rare. in this study, three patients had pc infection of the bone marrow. two of them presented with malignant lymphoma that had apparent immunosuppression, and the third patient presented with aids. in all three cases, such an infection was obse ... | 1990 | 2302020 |
| domiciliary nebulized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the viability of a programme for delivering aerosolized pentamidine within the patient's home setting for the secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been explored with seven homosexual aids patients, the major objectives being the assessment of the safety and acceptability of the treatment and the discovery of the most suitable care setting (home, ward, outpatient clinic) for the administration of therapy. it is concluded that a domiciliary prophylaxis programme is a v ... | 1990 | 2304047 |
| thin-walled cavities, cysts, and pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: further observations with histopathologic correlation. | thin-walled pulmonary cystic lesions were found in five immunocompromised patients, four with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). four patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and one had pulmonary lesions and disseminated p carinii infection. two patients demonstrated p carinii within necrotizing, thin-walled, smaller intraparenchymal cavities lined by organisms, exudate, and chronic inflammation. larger, typically apical and subpleural cysts, lined by fibrosis and/or alveolar ... | 1990 | 2305052 |
| prolonged zidovudine therapy: confounded by pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis? | 1990 | 2308199 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: advances in diagnosis and therapy. | as the aids epidemic has evolved, so have improvements been made in diagnosis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the most common opportunistic infection in aids. advances, changes, and current research are discussed. | 1990 | 2308571 |
| disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection causing extrapulmonary organ failure: clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical analysis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an important infection in the immunocompromised host, and the rate of symptomatic infections has risen dramatically with the advent of immunosuppressive therapies and infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, dissemination of p. carinii is thought to be an unusual event, and it is rarely suspected of causing extrapulmonary symptomatology. we have recently examined the cases of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who dem ... | 1990 | 2308917 |
| [aids: prevention of pulmonary complications. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--mycobacterial infections]. | 1990 | 2312028 | |
| aids behind bars. epidemiology of new york state prison inmate cases, 1980-1988. | during the last five years, aids has become the preeminent health care problem in new york state correctional facilities. through december 31, 1988, 915 cases of aids had been diagnosed among inmates. this represented approximately 1% of the cumulative aids cases in the united states, 4% of those in new york state, and 40% of those reported in state correctional systems nationwide. an analysis of epidemiologic data on these cases showed an annual increase in cases from 3 in 1981 to 227 in 1988, ... | 1990 | 2314719 |
| thoracic lymphadenopathy and disseminated pneumocystis carinii in aids. | 1990 | 2314721 | |
| resolution of cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1990 | 2314723 | |
| [prognostic value of hiv serum antigens]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens can be detected during early infection but usually disappear afterwards. their later reappearance in serum seems to herald a greater virus replication and a poor prognosis. the prognostic value of antigen detection at the first clinical visit was assessed among 37 symptomatic patients. patients with detectable antigenemia at the first visit progressed more rapidly towards the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (p less than 0.0001). similarly, patients ... | 1990 | 2316061 |
| severe hypomagnesemia induced by pentamidine. | the use of pentamidine for treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients has increased the awareness of pentamidine-induced adverse reactions. we report a case of severe hypomagnesemia and concurrent hypocalcemia that occurred during therapy with intravenous pentamidine. pentamidine therapy was subsequently changed to the nebulized route. electrolyte imbalances were corrected after daily supplementation with high doses of magnesium and calcium. clinicians should monitor for electrolyt ... | 1990 | 2316230 |
| the effect of hiv infection on phagocytosis and killing of staphylococcus aureus by human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. | pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) play a central role in host defense against pulmonary infection. the authors studied the number, viability, and ultrastructure of pam recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from normal and hiv-infected subjects, and their ability to phagocytose and kill staphylococcus aureus. pam from hiv-infected subjects who did not have pneumonia were present in greater numbers and phagocytosed significantly more opsonized staphylococcus aureus (32.5% and 27.3% for nonsmokers ... | 1990 | 2316560 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate. | 1990 | 2317451 | |
| [infections following kidney transplantation under threefold or fourfold immunosuppressive treatment]. | to determine, whether the infection rate after renal transplantation is influenced by the intensity of immunosuppressive treatment, the postoperative course of 100 consecutive renal transplantations in 64 men and 36 women (mean age 44.1 [18-72] years) was investigated prospectively. 87 patients received threefold basal immunosuppression with low-dose ciclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone. in 13 risk patients (retransplantation and [or] high panel-reactive antibody titres), poly- or monoclon ... | 1990 | 2318113 |
| analogues of 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) in the treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a series of 33 analogues of the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) was synthesized for screening against a rat model of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). twenty-five of the compounds showed efficacy against pcp when compared to a saline-treated control group. two compounds, 1,4-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)butane (butamidine, 6) and 1,3-bis(4-amidino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane (damp, 16), were statistically more effective than the parent drug in treating pcp in the rat ... | 1990 | 2319567 |
| clindamycin/primaquine therapy and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | we found a program of intravenous and subsequent oral clindamycin, combined with oral primaquine, to be effective for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in nine patients with aids. the pneumonias were either primary or recurrent and sometimes severe, with cavity formation and/or pneumothorax. maintenance therapy at lowered dose by mouth was effective in preventing recurrence in seven patients. one patient died of other opportunistic infections on day 24, and therapy was discontinued in another on da ... | 1990 | 2321069 |
| pentamidine-induced torsades de pointes in a renal transplant recipient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pentamidine isethionate, an important agent used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has been shown to be associated with the development of torsades de pointes in patients with aids. we have described a case of pentamidine-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in a renal transplant recipient whose renal insufficiency may have prolonged the duration of arrhythmias. careful ecg monitoring should be done during pentamidine administration, especially in patients with renal insufficiency ... | 1990 | 2321077 |
| aids and uk respiratory physicians: attitudes to confidentiality, infection control, and management. | respiratory physicians are concerned in the management of most patients with aids. attitudes and practices of 463 respiratory physicians in the united kingdom in relation to confidentiality, infection control, and treatment were sought by questionnaire from december 1987 to march 1988; 266 replies were received. thirty eight per cent of respondents had not seen an hiv positive patient at the time of the survey. respiratory physicians followed general medical council guidelines in relation to con ... | 1990 | 2321178 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage for pneumocystis pneumonia in hiv-infected children. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this procedure in children with human immunodeficiency virus in whom pcp was considered, we reviewed the records of 15 consecutive procedures performed on eight patients by a pediatric pulmonologist during a 19-month period. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was identified after f ... | 1990 | 2321817 |
| unusual pulmonary manifestations of pneumocystis carinii infection in immunocompromised patients. | three proven cases and one presumed case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are presented in which the radiological appearance mimics tuberculosis. the classic and unusual x-ray findings of p. carinii pneumonia are discussed. | 1990 | 2322203 |
| calcified hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in an aids patient with pneumocystis carinii infection. | an unusual radiologic manifestation of pneumocystis carinii infection (enlarged, calcified hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes) in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described. this atypical manifestation caused significant diagnostic confusion. recognition that p carinii infection can cause calcification of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes may prevent this confusion and facilitate diagnosis and treatment. | 1990 | 2326459 |
| prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids: effects of an aggressive therapeutic approach. | 1990 | 2327642 | |
| ofloxacin versus co-trimoxazole for prevention of infection in neutropenic patients following cytotoxic chemotherapy. | the efficacy of ofloxacin in preventing infection in neutropenic patients following cytotoxic chemotherapy was evaluated and was compared with that of co-trimoxazole. a total of 102 patients with hematological malignancies were randomly selected to receive either co-trimoxazole or ofloxacin. all patients were monitored for compliance, occurrence of infection, and drug-related side effects. a surveillance culture of a rectal swab was performed regularly. a total of 25 of the 52 patients (48%) who ... | 1990 | 2327768 |
| efficacy of a hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566c80, in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. | the efficacy of a new class of drugs for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was demonstrated. 566c80, a hydroxynaphthoquinone, administered orally in a dose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day prophylactically prevented p. carinii pneumonitis in 90% or more of rats, while all untreated control animals developed pneumonitis. when 566c80 (100 mg/kg per day) was administered for 3 weeks after p. carinii pneumonitis was established, therapy was totally effective and all of the ... | 1990 | 2327770 |
| legionella lung cavitation. | pneumonia due to legionella has been identified in a small percentage of patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), with and without coexisting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. on chest radiographs legionella typically produces focal parenchymal opacities and confluent lobar consolidation. the authors describe a case of cavitating legionella pneumonia, which occurred in a 38-year-old man who had aids. the main differential diagnoses are an unusual presentation of p. carin ... | 1990 | 2328418 |
| aerosolized pentamidine: effect on diagnosis and presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine the effect of previous aerosolized pentamidine therapy on diagnosis and presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1990 | 2331119 |
| megaloblastic pancytopenia associated with dapsone and trimethoprim treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1990 | 2331198 | |
| aerosolized pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1990 | 2331834 | |
| bronchoalveolar lavage findings in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | to evaluate bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) findings in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), 39 patients seropositive for the virus but with no history of opportunistic infection were studied. opportunistic organisms such as pneumocystis carinii were not found in any of the 35 bal fluids sent for special stains and cultures. three of 16 (18 percent) bal fluids sent for hiv culture were positive compared with a 60.9 percent blood hiv culture positivity in the same group. to eva ... | 1990 | 2331900 |
| abnormal lung gallium-67 uptake preceding pulmonary physiologic impairment in an asymptomatic patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was suggested by a diffuse, bilateral pulmonary uptake of gallium-67 in an asymptomatic, homosexual male with the antibody to the immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who was undergoing staging evaluation for lymphoma clinically localized to a left inguinal lymph node. chest radiograph and pulmonary function evaluation, including lung volumes, diffusing capacity and arterial blood gases, were within normal limits. bronchoalveolar lavage revealed pneumocystis carinii organi ... | 1990 | 2331930 |
| acute, rapidly progressive renal failure with simultaneous use of amphotericin b and pentamidine. | we report four cases of acute reversible renal failure in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who received both amphotericin b (for systemic mycoses) and pentamidine isethionate (for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). the concurrent use of amphotericin b with either inhaled pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole did not cause significant renal impairment. | 1990 | 2334159 |
| trimetrexate efficacy and pharmacokinetics during treatment of refractory pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. | 1990 | 2336302 | |
| [clinical courses and pathological findings in two gay male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infected in japan]. | this is a report on the clinical courses and pathological findings in two gay male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) infected in japan. case 1. a 39 year-old japanese homosexual male was diagnosed as amebic dysentery complicated with liver abscess on admission. he was placed on metronidazole with complete relief. serological tests was positive for aids. on second admission, he was found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and cytomegalo-viral uveitis. administratio ... | 1990 | 2338506 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients]. | bronchoalveolar lavage was used in 170 immunocompromised patients for detection of causative agents. pneumocystis carinii was isolated 18 times from hiv-positive patients and 14 times from patients suffering from immunodeficiencies due to various other diseases. patients with aids were in better clinical condition, had fewer infiltrates on chest x-ray, a higher oxygen partial pressure and lower ldh-plasma concentration than hiv-negative patients. in spite of the earlier stage of the disease pati ... | 1990 | 2339226 |
| can the course of high dose cotrimoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids be shorter? a possible solution to the problem of cotrimoxazole toxicity. | fifty consecutive patients with confirmed pcp received a high dose of cotrimoxazole for 14 d, or until development of intolerance, directly followed by reduced dose maintenance therapy. seven individuals died during the high dose course. twenty (47%) of the 43 survivors showed toxicity reactions that necessitated dose reduction to maintenance level on average after 9.6 d. thirteen of these 20 individuals tolerated the reduced dose, and seven did not. no further cases of toxicity were observed. i ... | 1990 | 2341830 |
| a protocol for intravenous pentamidine administration. | pentamidine isethionate has been approved by the food and drug administration as a treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. this article outlines the protocol for intravenous administration of pentamidine isethionate in use at the mount sinai medical center in new york. | 1990 | 2341961 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: spectrum of parenchymal ct findings. | computed tomographic (ct) scans of the chest in 39 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were reviewed to determine the spectrum and frequency of ct manifestations of pcp. parenchymal disease was categorized as either bilateral or unilateral, symmetric or asymmetric, and diffuse or patchy. infiltrates were classified as interstitial, airspace, or mixed. on this basis, three ct patterns of involvement were identified: a ground-glass patchwork pattern in 22 of 39 (56%), and an interst ... | 1990 | 2343118 |
| radiographic distribution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids treated with prophylactic inhaled pentamidine. | the radiographic distribution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was studied in 64 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to determine the demographic and clinical factors that might be associated with predominance of the disease in the upper zones of the lungs. twenty-three patients were receiving monthly prophylaxis with 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine by means of inhalation; the other 41 were not receiving pentamidine and served as a control group. parenchymal abnormali ... | 1990 | 2343119 |
| radiologic distinction of pyogenic pulmonary infection from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | thirty-four episodes of pyogenic pulmonary infection in 30 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and 30 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 30 aids patients were reviewed to determine if the radiologic features were more helpful than clinical and laboratory findings in the differential diagnosis. the radiologic features of pyogenic pulmonary infection included lobar consolidation, nodules, infiltrates with pleural effusions, round infiltrates, and pleural effu ... | 1990 | 2343120 |
| pneumocystis carinii infections in transplant recipients. | pneumocystis carinii is an organism of uncertain taxonomy that causes diffuse pneumonitis in malnourished infants and immunocompromised hosts. in transplant recipients, the infection most commonly presents from 2 to 6 months after transplantation with symptoms of dyspnea, fever, and dry cough lasting from a few days to a few weeks. a diagnosis is most readily and safely achieved by examination of material obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage for cyst forms of the organism. the therapy of choice is ... | 1990 | 2343205 |
| haemophilia, aids and lung epithelial permeability. | lung 99mtc dtpa transfer was measured in hiv antibody-positive haemophiliacs (11 smokers, 26 nonsmokers, 5 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp]. lung 99mtc dtpa transfer as a marker of lung epithelial permeability was measured as the half time of transfer (from airspace into blood). this half time was faster in smokers compared to nonsmokers and the transfer curve was monoexponential. in nonsmokers no difference was observed between asymptomatic hiv-positive haemophiliacs and norma ... | 1990 | 2344887 |
| does inhalation of pentamidine in the supine position increase deposition in the upper part of the lung? | to assess the effect of posture on the distribution of nebulized pentamidine isethionate deposition in the lung, ten patients with aids were studied. two nebulizer systems, system 22 mizer (medicaid) and respirgard ii (marquest) were modified by adding 40 cm of corrugated tubing (volume 150 ml) to allow the patients to be studied in both the sitting and supine posture. modification of the nebulizers caused a reduction in lung deposition in the sitting position for the system 22 mizer but increas ... | 1990 | 2347219 |
| mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | 1990 | 2347243 | |
| compliance and laboratory data predict relapse rate of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during prophylaxis with aerosol pentamidine. | we evaluated 43 aids patients on prophylaxis with aerosol pentamidine (60 mg biweekly) after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the effects of patients' inhalation compliance and of laboratory data during the initial pcp on subsequent pcp relapses were assessed. after a median of 8 months (range, 2-21.5 months) on pentamidine prophylaxis, 13 patients suffered a pcp relapse. six of them had missed at least one inhalation within the last month before the relapse. two of these six relapses were ... | 1990 | 2348643 |
| hiv infected hospital patients in new york state. the development of longitudinal information from a hospital discharge data system. | abstracted records of all patients discharged from new york state acute care hospitals from january 1, 1983, through october 1, 1987, containing a diagnosis of hiv infection (n = 36,664) were linked into a longitudinal file of 20,005 patient-specific case histories. a validation study utilizing medicaid patient-specific discharge information for calendar year 1985 showed that, on the average, each case history of the longitudinal file contained 85% (+/- 5%) of the expected discharges. the number ... | 1990 | 2348943 |
| [a case from practice (173). aids iv c-1 with isospora belli enteritis. status following pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. bactrim allergy]. | 1990 | 2349414 | |
| [lung infection in hiv disease]. | pulmonary infections are the most important life-threatening complications in hiv disease. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia being most frequent often presents with atypical radiologic features. infections by mycobacteria and pyogenic bacteria are of growing importance. due to the nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation and the numerous coinfections an appropriate workup with emphasis on bronchioalveolar lavage and blood cultures is essential. | 1990 | 2349425 |
| spontaneous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient mutant scid mice. natural history and pathobiology. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii (pc) poses a major clinical health problem in individuals with immune deficiency, including those patients with human immunodeficiency (hiv)-associated acquired immune deficiency disease (aids). heretofore, in vivo investigations of the biology of pc and pathogenesis of pneumocystosis have generally employed steroid-induced immune suppression with antibiotic prophylaxis and protein deprivation. this approach has many drawbacks, chief among them bei ... | 1990 | 2349968 |
| opportunistic infections and malignancies in 231 danish aids patients. | we analysed cumulative disease frequencies in the first 231 adult danish aids patients with life tables. there was a certain hierarchical pattern in the occurrence of complicating diseases. herpes zoster, kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were early manifestations, whereas diseases caused by cytomegalovirus and atypical mycobacteria tended to occur later in the course of aids. compared with all other aids patients, homosexual men were more likely to develop kaposi's sarcoma, cy ... | 1990 | 2350442 |
| effect of the revised aids case definition on aids reporting in san francisco: evidence of increased reporting in intravenous drug users. | to examine the effect of the revision of the us national aids case definition in september 1987, we compared demographic and clinical information for aids patients diagnosed and reported to the san francisco department of public health between 1 september 1987 and 31 october 1989. of the 3167 patients diagnosed and reported during the study period, 584 (18%) met the revised case definition only, increasing aids case reporting in san francisco by 23%. one hundred and thirty-four of these 584 pati ... | 1990 | 2350453 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in corticosteroid-treated cats. | corticosteroids were administered to produce pneumocystis carinii infection in cats. six of 10 cats, injected intramuscularly for 97-141 days with 2 mg/cat twice weekly of betamethasone sodium phosphate, developed a light infection with p. carinii. six of 7 cats, injected intramuscularly for 11-168 days with 10-25 mg/cat weekly of prednisolone acetate, also developed a light infection with p. carinii. there was no significant difference in the infection rate between the sexes and ages of the cat ... | 1990 | 2352076 |
| [cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a new semiologic aspect. apropos of 3 cases]. | three cases of aids patients hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii (pnc.c) pneumonia are reported. these cases are of interest because of the unusual radiological semiology of these pneumocytoses, i.e., their partially or totally pitted nodules. in addition, 4 related facts merit attention: the occurrence of pneumocytosis in 1 patient under prophylactic aerosol pentamidine therapy: the rarity, unusual in aids, of pnc.c in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 2 patients; the association of pitte ... | 1990 | 2353758 |
| [value of the ldh level in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus]. | ldh levels were measured in 30 aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), evidenced by bronchoalveolar lavage, and 12 hiv 1-infected patients with p. carinii-negative bronchial or pulmonary manifestations, constituting the control group. extrapulmonary causes of elevated ldh levels were eliminated. in the case of bronchopneumopathy, the sensitivity and the specificity of an abnormal ldh level for suggesting pcp were both 83%. for an interstitial pneumopathy, the sensitivity was the same but ... | 1990 | 2353759 |
| [recurrence of atypical pulmonary pneumocystosis treated with pentamidine aerosol]. | two cases are reported of atypical relapses of pneumocystosis in aids patients treated with aerosol pentamidine for 14 and 22 months. these pneumopathies are unusual because of their pitted aspect and recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraxes in spite of repeated drainage. they are difficult to diagnose because bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is negative for pneumocystis carinii, despite their presence in lung biopsies. histological lesions vary, being granulomatous, necrotizing and invasive, with invol ... | 1990 | 2353760 |
| characterization of dihydrofolate reductase of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. | pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii are opportunistic pathogens of immunosuppressed patients that are susceptible to therapy with inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the dhfr of these two organisms was characterized to facilitate the identification of more selective inhibitors. similar to all reported protozoa, t. gondii has a bifunctional enzyme, of 120,000 da, that possesses both dhfr and thymidylate synthase (ts) activity. unexpectedly, p. carinii dhfr activity was present on ... | 1990 | 2354716 |
| impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality in women of reproductive age, united states. | to assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on mortality in us women 15 to 44 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, we examined final (1980 through 1987) and provisional (1988) national mortality statistics. between 1985 and 1988, the death rate for hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) quadrupled (0.6 per 100,000 to 2.5 per 100,000), and by 1987, hiv/aids had become one of the 10 leading causes of death. in 1988, the death rate for black women (10.3 ... | 1990 | 2355444 |
| [changes in the clinical symptomatology of initial manifestations of aids]. | we analysed the clinical spectrum of aids manifestations of hiv positive patients treated between 1985 and 1988 at the university hospital of düsseldorf, west-germany. in 1985 32 patients with hiv infection (16 asymptomatic, eleven pgl/arc, five aids), 1986 49 patients (17 asymptomatic, 19 pgl/arc, 13 aids), 1987 104 patients (13 asymptomatic, 54 pgl/arc, 37 aids) and 1988 206 patients (23 asymptomatic, 111 pgl/arc, 72 aids) were treated on a in- and out-patient basis. in 1985 five, in 1986 13, ... | 1990 | 2355896 |
| analysis of induced sputum in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | sixty-two patients with possible aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were studied to determine the diagnostic usefulness of sputum analysis and whether or not the results of sputum analysis are related to severity of disease. induced sputum was stained with gomori methenamine silver and modified wright giemsa stains. indicators of disease severity were: extent of chest roentgenographic infiltrate, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, ... | 1990 | 2356852 |
| alveolar macrophages in aids patients: increased spontaneous tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in order to assess the role of alveolar macrophages and their products in the control of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and other infections in aids, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hiv-positive aids/arc patients (with and without pcp) and hiv-negative patients were counted and cultured in vitro; spontaneous and lps-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production was measured. markedly increased spontaneous tnf-alpha production by alveol ... | 1990 | 2357841 |
| experience with home aerosolized pentamidine treatment in patients with aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with aids and is the most common cause of death in these patients. conventional parenteral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or parenteral pentamidine treatment is often not completed because of frequent incidence of adverse reactions. aerosolized pentamidine appears to be better tolerated and is considered an alternative treatment for pcp in both hospital and community settings. this report describes our ex ... | 1990 | 2360337 |
| complications of corticosteroid therapy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we retrospectively studied the acute toxicity of corticosteroid therapy in 23 episodes of pcp occurring in the setting of aids and determined the incidence of hiv-related complications following these and 16 other contemporaneous episodes of aids-related pcp treated with antimicrobials alone. the mean duration of corticosteroid therapy was 5.4 days and the mean total dose was 660 mg of methylprednisolone. cryptococcus neoformans and listeria monocytogenes infection each occurred once within one ... | 1990 | 2361410 |
| [hiv-associated infections: indications and importance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy]. | in 32 patients infected with hiv with unclear fever and/or pulmonary infiltraes, a fiberbronchoscopy (fb), with transbronchial lung biopsies (tbb) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was carried out. thirteen of these patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), three patients tuberculosis of the lungs, two patients pneumococcal pneumonia, and one patient each had a staphylococcal pneumonia, an enterobacter cloacae pneumonia, and an unspecific alveolitis. thus, 66% of the patients proved diag ... | 1990 | 2367404 |
| [intensive care problems in aids patients]. | the discussion regarding the need for intensive-care treatment of aids patients should be conducted in a highly differentiated manner and should depend on the prognosis of the underlying or basic disease, on the immunological situation, on the mental condition and on the consent of the individual patient. during the past two years the treatment results have improved markedly by the use of steroids, especially in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1990 | 2367423 |
| the relation between resource use and in-hospital mortality for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a central issue in health policy with regard to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is whether quality of care and patient outcomes are affected by resource constraints. in an earlier study of 15 california hospitals between october 1986 and october 1987, we observed a markedly lower in-hospital mortality rate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the group of patients treated in hospitals that had a high level of experience with aids relative to the group treated in hospitals with low ... | 1990 | 2369243 |
| a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who developed bilateral pneumothoraces. | 1990 | 2371445 | |
| aerosolised pentamidine (ap) prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) using a low cost jet nebulising system. | 1990 | 2371552 | |
| infection of the heart by the human immunodeficiency virus. | heart muscle disease in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), characterized by electrocardiographic changes or congestive cardiomyopathy, is a documented clinical problem, but its pathogenesis is obscure. in aids the heart is known to be involved by a variety of opportunistic infections as well as kaposi's sarcoma, but no causative relation with the development of cardiomyopathy has been established. this study reports evidence for direct infection of the heart in aids, not by an oppor ... | 1990 | 2371952 |
| multiple pneumatocoeles and bilateral tension pneumothoraces complicating pneumocystis pneumonia in aids. | pneumatocoele and pneumothorax are uncommon complications of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we report a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome who developed multiple bilateral pneumatocoeles which we demonstrate to have ruptured leading to the subsequent bilateral tension pneumothoraces and to death. the computerised tomographic appearances, and histopathology of these unusual complications are presented. the literature on these manifestations is reviewed and management discussed. | 1990 | 2372278 |
| [pentamidine inhalation for therapy and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. results of the working discussion of the section for antiparasite chemotherapy of the paul ehrlich society]. | 1990 | 2374525 | |
| [autoradiography study of organ distribution of 14c pentamidine following intravenous and inhalational administration in rats]. | the organ distribution of 14c pentamidine was studied in sprague dawley rats by means of whole-body autoradiography following intravenous application and inhalation of aerosolized pentamidine. the distribution time after intravenous administration of 5 mg pentamidine per kg rat was 30 minutes, six hours, 24 hours, and seven days respectively. the corresponding times after administration of aerosolized pentamidine were 30 minutes and 24 hours. by measuring radioactivity in punch specimens of 100 ... | 1990 | 2374526 |