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the effect of dioxyphenylalanine (dopa), amides and some potential sources of energy on the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae.the multiplication of 2 out of 3 m. leprae strains on a medium containing substances from digested non-acid-fast microorganisms or even free of them was significally promoted to d-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). the following organic substances exerted growth-promoting effects on several strains: 0.02-0.10% concentrations of succinate greater than fumarate greater than alpha-ketoglutarate and acetate greater than glycerol; 0.2% concentrations of citrate and pyruvate greater than isonicotinami ...1976798593
[experimental chemotherapy of leprosy]. 1976798637
activity of ascorbic acid in inhibiting the multiplication of m. leprae in the mouse foot pad.ascorbic acid was fed to mice in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.45% w/w in the diet. six months after inoculation of m. leprae into the foot pads, there were significantly fewer acid-fast bacilli harvested from animals receiving 0.15% and 0.45% w/w ascorbic acid than from control mice. on the other hand, m. leprae did multiply in mice fed ascorbic acid while no multiplication at all was observed in animals fed dapsone, clofazimine or rifampin. no toxic effects of ascorbic acid were noted ...1976798727
a simplified hyaluronic acid based culture medium for mycobacteria isolated from human lepromata.acid-fast bacilli multiplied in liquid culture media containing hyaluronic acid when inoculated with mycobacteria from a lepromatous leprosy nodule. the culture was readily subcultured at ten day intervals in the homologue media, but failed to grow in the dubos, middlebrook and lowenstein media. these findings confirm the results of skinsnes et al (1975). identification of this culture is not yet available, however it gives positive immunofluorescence with authentic anti-m. leprae serum. the obt ...1976798728
the lepromatous macrophage defect as related to vaccine development in leprosy. 1976798730
cultivation of myco. leprae--a breakthrough reported. 1976799201
experimental transmission of leprosy to animals: a preliminary note on attempt to transmit leprosy to the slender loris, loris tardigradus (linnaeus).a brief account of the slender loris, loris tardigradus (linnaeus) and some of its characteristics which render it suitable for leprosy transmission experiments are recorded. handling and inoculation methods are given with some of the preliminary inoculation site biopsy results.1976799202
bacteremia in leprosy and its relation to distribution of m. leprae in skin.evidence of bacillaemia through examination of heparinised blood smears was obtained in 17 of the 20 cases (85%) of untreated leprosy cases belonging to the spectrum ranging from bt to ll. among 17 cases whose blood smears were positive for afb, the endothelial cells of blood vessels in skin lesions showed afb in 11 instances (64.7%) and in 7 (41.2%) of these cases biopsies obtained from apparently normal skin also showed bacilli in the blood vessels. the fact that blood smears may show afb even ...1976799203
the lepromin test. 1976799204
acid-fast bacillary positivity in asymptomatic individuals in leprosy endemic villages around jhalda in west bengal.three general surveys of a village population of 7000 in a highly endemic area in purulia district, west bengal, have included clinical examination and earlobe skin snip examinations. multiple between-survey follow-up examinations have also been conducted of both bacillary positives and cases. in the general population 5.8% of the individuals showed bacteriological positivity with a concentration technique for afb without showing clinical signs of infection. during two years of observation clini ...1976799205
a modified method of harvesting m. leprae from foot-pads of mice.a modified technique of harvesting m. leprae from the foot-pads of mice is described. the method is simple and takes less time for its performance than the conventional techniques. the yield of bacilli is also better. no difficulties have been encountered in its application in these laboratories.1976799206
lepromatous leprosy--final discharge from treatment unit. 1976799208
early serodiagnosis of leprosy by indirect immunofluorescence.a method of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test was described. this test was so sensitive that 81.8% of tuberculoid leprosy cases gave positive reaction even in early stage of the disease. more than 50% of indeterminate and contact cases were also positive in this test. the positive percentages as well as antibody-titers were increasing with clinical spectrum of leprosy, from tt to ll, being the highest in the latter. using absorbed and diluted serum from known lepromatous pat ...1976799209
correlation of morphology with viability of mycobacterium leprae.a concept has been developed in the recent years that the evenly stained 'solid' bacilli are living and the 'non-solid' forms are degenerate and dead. this communication presents the findings in experimental mice inoculated with material containing 1 to 10% solid evenly stained m. leprae and also with material containing 0% solid organisms. there was multiplication of the bacilli in both the groups. quantitatively, the yield also was not significantly different. these fundings do not support the ...1976799212
bacillaemia in reactive states of leprosy.35 cases of lepromatous and near-lepromatous cases of laprosy in reaction have been investigated for the presence of acid-fast bacilli in blood at the height of the reaction as well as at its subsidence. only 3 cases exhibited bacillaemia during reaction. it is therefore unlikely that dissemination of the disease is accentuated during reaction as commonly believed. further, the immune complexes demonstrated to be circulating during reaction are possibly formed by bacillary products and not by wh ...1976799213
significance of nine banded armandillo in biomedical leprosy research. 1976799214
[diagnosis of leprosy]. 1976799265
[drug sensitivity test of m. leprae using liquid media (author's transl)]. 1976799737
importance of immune reactions in leprosy. 1976799966
studies of experimental chemotherapy of leprosy. 1976800233
clofazimine in the treatment of dapsone resistant leprosy.dapsone resistant patients treated with clofazimine 100 mg daily show a consistent response to treatment. concern is expressed regarding the prolonged persistence of viable organisms during treatment, with the attendant risk of further resistance developing. the importance of prevention of this problem is discussed.1976800234
cultivation of mycobacterium leprae using semi-synthetic medium. 1976801024
cultivation of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell culture. 1976801026
[attempts at growth of m. leprae in mice (author's transl)]. 1976801283
[cell-biological study on the acid-fast organisms isolated and cultivated from leprosy patients. 2. pathogenic behavior of the organism to experimental animals, and results of inoculation to mice foot-pads (author's transl)]. 1976801365
viability of mycobacterium leprae pretreated with rifampicin. 1976801367
lepromatoid lesion developed in nude mouse inoculated with mycobacterium leprae--animal transmission of leprosy. 1976801368
evidence for a soluble lymphocyte factor in the transplacental transmission of t-lymphocyte responses to mycobacterium leprae. 1976768774
susceptibility of mycobacterium leprae to dapsone as a determinant of patient response to acedapsone.in the course of a clinical trial of acedapsone therapy in 17 patients with lepromatous leprosy, the rate of response to therapy was measured by inoculation of mice with mycobacterium leprae recovered from biopsy specimens of skin lesions obtained before treatment and at intervals of 4, 12, and 24 weeks after institution of treatment. the susceptibility of each isolate of m. leprae to dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone [dds]) was measured by passaging organisms that had multiplied in mice to n ...1976769667
recent advances in the immunology of leprosy. 1976770348
studies of the mouse foot pad technique for cultivation of mycobacterium leprae. 2. the relationship between incubation period and generation time. 1976772341
study of sulphone resistance in leprosy patients in india. 1976772342
effect of rifampin, clofazimine, and b1912 on the viability of mycobacterium leprae in established mouse footpad infection.continuous dietary administration of rifampin to mice with an established mycobacterium leprae footpad infection reduced the bacillary solid ratio, with an estimated survival half-life of 5-6 days. in rifampin-treated immunosuppressed animals the survival half-life of solid bacilli, in the absence of host immunity, was 12-13 days. clofazimine and b1912 produced a significant effect on solid ratio only after a lag period of apparently 100 days. the rate of action was considerably slower than that ...1976772686
bactericidal action of dapsone against mycobacterium leprae in mice.dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone), incorporated into the mouse chow in a concentration of 0.1 g/100 g of diet, was administered for 1 week to mice in which mycobacterium leprae had multiplied to the level of 10(6) organisms/footpad. m. leprae were harvested from these and also from control mice, diluted serially, and inoculated into additional mice. the organisms recovered from untreated mice multiplied in passage with a mean doubling time of 12.2 days, and 35% or more of the inoculated orga ...1976773300
hyaluronic acid, b-glucuronidase, vitamin c and the immune defect in leprosy. 1976773848
has mycobacterium leprae been cultured in a cell-free artificial medium? 1976773849
the role of arthropods in the transmission of leprosy. 1976776845
the effect of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors on mycobacterium leprae in the mouse foot pad. 1976776847
dds resistance in ethiopia - a progress report. 1976776848
the incidence of dds resistance in lepromatous patients in costa rica: their metabolic disposition of dds. 1976776849
drug resistant leprosy--a comparison between proven dapsone and proven thiambutosine resistance. 1976776850
mycobacterium leprae persisters after treatment with dapsone and rifampicin. 1976776851
long-term treatment of dapsone-resistant leprosy with rifampicin: clinical and bacteriological studies. 1976776852
treatment failure in leprosy. 1976776854
the bactericidal effect of rifampicin on m. leprae in man: a) single doses of 600, 900 and 1200 mg; and b) daily doses of 300 mg. 1976776856
preliminary studies with the lymph node lymphocytes of m. leprae infected mice. 1976776857
the presence of systemic and local activated macrophages in mice infected in the foot pad with mycobacterium leprae and m. marinum.a highly sensitive assay for quantitating the presence of activated macrophages was employed to show that foot pad infection of mice with neither m. leprae nor m. marinum induced a population of activated peritoneal macrophages. in vitro attempts to demonstrate local activated macrophages in the foot pads of m. leprae infected mice failed, but, because of the technical problems encountered, do not preclude their presence. additional studies are being carried out.1976776858
taxonomic studies on the leprosy bacillus. 1976776859
vaccination of mice against m. leprae infection. 1976776860
production of anti-m. leprae antibodies in man and mice under the impairment of cell mediated immunity. 1976776861
evaluation of cell mediated immunity in the histopathologic spectrum of leprosy using lymphocyte transformation test.lymphocyte transformation in response to pha, m. leprae and bcg with the use of measurements of 3h-thymidine uptake, was studied in 10 normal controls, and 71 leprosy patients of different types histologically classified according to the ridley-jopling scale. lepromin and ppd tests were done in each one of them. it was found that there was a generalized depression of immune responsiveness to pha in all forms of leprosy. the immune responsiveness of lymphocytes to m. leprae continuously and gradu ...1976776862
cell mediated and humoral immunity in "reversal reactions". 1976776863
attempts at growth of m. leprae in mice and observations on a case of probable contamination with another acid-fast bacillus. 1976776864
the who program for research on immunology of leprosy (immlep). 1976776865
attempts at cultivation of mycobacterium leprae in cell culture. 1976776866
a31 cell as a host of mycobacterium lepraemurium and mycobacterium leprae. 1976776867
progress in the radiolabeling of mycobacterium leprae. 1976776869
in vitro cultivation of leprosy bacilli. 1976776870
multiplication of mycobacterium leprae from large inocula in neonatally thymectomized lewis rats. 1976776872
preparation of protein from mycobacterium leprae, skin test responses and lymphoblast transformation in vaccinated armadillos. 1976776873
delayed hypersensitivity tests with mycobacterium leprae protein in leprous and non-leprous persons. 1976776874
cell walls of mycobacterium leprae.walls were prepared from m. leprae isolated from livers and spleens of infected armadillos. these contained mycolic acids and arabinogalactan, but the composition of the peptidoglycan differed from that of the other mycobacteria that have been studied, since it contained substantial amounts of glycine. the relationship of m. leprae to the other mycobacteria remains obscure.1976776875
airborne infection with mycobacterium leprae in mice. 1976776876
spaced clofazimine therapy of lepromatous leprosy.patients with previously untreated borderline-lepromatous or fully lepromatous leprosy were treated with one of five clofazimine (b663) regimens: 1) 200 mg daily 6 days per week; 2) 100 mg three times weekly; 3) 300 mg weekly; 4) 600 mg every other week; and 5) 600 mg on 2 consecutive days every 4 weeks. after 24 weeks of treatment, the patients were randomly allocated to treatment either with 200 mg b663 daily 6 days per week (regimen 6) or with dapsone, beginning with a small dosage and increa ...1976779502
studies of the mouse foot pad technique for cultivation of mycobacterium leprae. 3. doubling time during logarithmic multiplication. 1976781441
acid-fast bacilli in the fingers of long-treated lepromatous patients. 1976781442
does droplet infection play a role in the transmission of leprosy? 1976781443
m. leprae versus m. scrofulaceum. 197666215
recent advances in experimental leprosy.within the last 15 years we have learned to identify mycobacterium leprae, determine its viability, screen the efficacy of antileprosy drugs, and monitor the bacilli for drug sensitivity. we have evidence that subclinical infections occur frequently among contacts of patients with leprosy and that the different manifestations of leprosy reflect differences in resistance to m leprae. we are developing hypotheses about the mechanism of these differences. we have experimentally transmitted lepromat ...19768844
immunity to mycobacterium leprae infections in mice stimulated by m. leprae, bcg, and graft-versus-host reactions.infections of mice with mycobacterium leprae in one rear foot pad immunized them against a second infection in the other rear foot pad. purified bacilli harvested from the first infection also produced immuniy when injection into the foot pads of previously uninfected mice. injections of bcg afforded similar protection, but had no adjuvant effect on m. leprae. m. duvali, a cultivable mycobacterium that is reported to be more closely related antigenically to m. leprae than bcg is, provided much l ...197611189
editorial: the nose and leprosy. 197657462
staining mycobacteria with carbolfuchsin: properties of solutions prepared with different samples of basic fuchsin.acid fast staining of mycobacteria in the form of beadings is obtained by means of a carbolfuchsin solution (ziehl-neelsen stain) prepared from pararosaniline or from certain kinds of basic fuchsin. after such acid-fast stains, the intensity of the bacilli's colouring was rather poor and unstable, so that some bacilli lost their acid-fast stain. in contrast, an acid-fast staining of mycobacteria in rod form results by using a carbolfuchsin prepared from rosaniline or from other basic fuchsins in ...197658364
studies of mycobacterial antigens, with special reference to mycobacterium leprae.eight individual antigens were detected in soluble antigen preparations from mycobacterium leprae bacilli by using pools of serum samples from lepromatous leprosy patients as antibody reagents in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. two of these antigens were analyzed further. antgent no. 1 gave an elution pattern on sephadex g-200 corresponding to a molecular weight of 285,000. this antigen was also present in three slow-growing and eight fast-growing mycobacterial species. there was a reaction of co ...197658837
letter: culture of m. leprae with help of desiccated thyroid. 197660588
enumeration of mycobacterium leprae stained with and without prior periodate oxidation. 197661553
immunologic identification of m. leprae. immunofluorescence and complement fixation.a markedly improved immunofluorescent technic employing fitc conjugated igg antibody prepared from lepromatous serum is described as a means of specific identification of m. leprae. an additional immunologic identification method for m. leprae is presented as a micro-complement fixation technic employing antigen rather than antibody dilution. studies with these technics suggest that m. leprae specific antigen is probably a surface antigen and has as part of its mosaic a lecithin-phospholipid com ...197661949
the use of non-deparaffinized tissue sections for staining leprosy bacilli.reduced acid-fast staining of leprosy bacilli occurs during the dewaxing of paraffin sections by xylene and alcohols; the older and more decrepit bacilli being especially affected. by the use of non-deparaffinized sections, the leprosy bacilli which could not be stained with the usual carbol fuchsin are strongly stained. moreover, non-deparafinized sections can be used for the periodic acid-carbol pararosanilin stain or methenamine silver stain for demonstrating mycobacteria.197661950
the nature of mycobacterial acid-fastness.phenol is not essential to acid-fast staining, for it will occur in the absence of phenol where such lipoid-soluble basic dyes as night blue, victoria blue b or victoria r are used; it is essential for acid-fast staining with water soluble basic dyes such as basic fuchsin. when phenol is added to the staining solution, such water soluble basic dyes behave in effect like their lipid-soluble counterparts. the loss of mycobacterial acid-fastness with carbol-fuchsin after bromination or chromation i ...197663160
periodic acid-methenamine silver stain for mycobacteria in tissue sections. 197663164
histocompatibility antigens in patients with leprosy.the frequencies of distribution of 25 histocompatibility antigens were determined in 92 mexican patients with leprosy and compared with those in 315 mexicans who did not have the disease. no statistically significant differences were found between the patients and the controls in regard to histocompatibility antigens, and subgroups with a significant difference could not be identified by division of the patients according to the density of mycobacterium leprae or the presence or absence of cell- ...197663527
rifampin-resistant leprosy. 197663780
hla-linked genetic control of host response to mycobacterium leprae.non-random parental hla-haplotype segregation is demonstrated in siblings with leprosy. a new method is described for the statistical analysis of non-random segregation among sibships of different sizes. sibs with the same type of leprosy show a significant excess of identical hla haplotypes. this is also true for families in which only tuberculoid leprosy is found, which is by far the commonest type in the population studied. however, sibs affected with different types of leprosy share a haplot ...197663804
germicidal activity of the pigo system on mycobacterium leprae, in vitro. 197664181
binding of 14c-labeled dopa by mycobacterium leprae in vitro. 1976819383
immunological characteristics of the armadillo, dasypus sabanicola.the immunological responses of the armadillo are of interest because of its susceptibility to generalized lepromatoid infection with mycobacterium leprae. in this study, specimens of dasypus sabanicola were found to have a typical mammalian distribution of lymphoid cells in thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and blood. their complement was active in bactercidal, protozoan immobilization and haemolytic systems. blood lymphocytes responded to phytohaemagglutinin and to pokeweed mitogen. sensitization wit ...1976825337
oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by connective tissue constituents. identification of mycobacterium leprae not related to phenolase activity.the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) was studied by spectrophotometric methods at ph 6.8. in the presence of l- or d-dopa, a color development occurred in the presence of the following substances as measured by increase in absorption both at 540 nm and 480 nm: hyaluronic acid, trypsinized human skin and umbilical cord extract, trypsin treated rat tissue from subcutaneous rat leproma, trypsin treated m. lepraemurium isolated from rat lepromata, and trypsinized m. leprae isolated fro ...1976828625
antimycobacterial antibodies in diffuse lepromatous leprosy detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.by using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) technic it was possible to demonstrate the presence of antimycobacterial antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy. the antigen was prepared from isolated mycobacterium lepraemurium. the technic was more reliable and quicker than ouchterlony's classical double diffusion in gel. clinical application of the method is therefore recommended.1976828626
specificity of o-diphenoloxidase in mycobacterium leprae: an identification test. 1976828686
a non-acid-fast coccoid precursor--possible cultivable phase of mycobacterium leprae.a non-acid-fast coccoid organism isolated from human leproma, and skin and nasal smears of leprosy patients shows tendency to revert to an acid-fast mycobacterial form during test tube passages. one of these coccoid isolates gave strong dopa oxidase activity. there is also preliminary evidence of mycobacterial conversion from these coccoids in intraperitoneally inoculated mice. the possibility that these non-acid-fast coccoids could be a cultivable precursor phase of m. leprae has been raised an ...1976828689
letter: identification of mycobacterium ieprae. 1976782400
[cyto-morphological study of leprosy bacilli in the host cell (author's transl)]. 1975785134
[cyto-morphological study on m. leprae inoculated and grown in the mouse foot-pads (author's transl)]. 1975785135
inhibition of multiplication of mycobacterium leprae by several antithyroid drugs.multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the mouse footpad was inhibited when mice were fed, mixed in their diet, 0.05 per cent methimazole, 0.066 per cent usp thyroid powder, methimazole plus thyroid powder, 0.15 per cent 5-n-heptyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone, 0.1 per cent propylthiouracil, and 0.1 per cent thambutosine for 154 days, beginning on the day of inoculation. all of the treatment regimens, except for the 2 containing thyroid powder, decreased the plasma concentrations of thyroxine an ...197548349
sulphone resistance in leprosy. a review of one hundred proven clinical cases.an account is given of the first hundred consecutive proven cases of sulphone resistance in leprosy, detected in malaysia between 1963 and 1974. proof of resistance was clinical in eighty patients and was obtained by drug-sensitivity testing in mice in ninety-six patients; 76 cases were proved both clinically and experimentally, and there was no discrepancy between the two methods. sulphone resistance was confined to patients with lepromatous-type leprosy--i.e., patients with a large bacterial p ...197549662
letter: sulphone resistance in leprosy. 197549763
innervation of muscle in leprosy with special reference to the muscle spindle.the pattern of extrafusal and intrafusal innervation was studied in muscle biopsies from the flexor carpi ulnaris and biceps brachii muscles, which were clinically unimpaired. smudginess and enlargement of the motor end plates were the most definitely abnormal feature of the extrafusal innervation pattern; the intrafusal fibers, on the other hand, were either unremarkable or showed increased tortuosity, beading and in more extreme cases of grossly complicated intertwining pattern. bacilli were f ...197551013
long-spacing collagen in skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy.in the course fo evaluating the effect of different drugs on the morphology of mycobacterium leprae (edwards, draper & draper, 1972) and on the phagocytic cells containing these organisms (edwards, 1973), an unusual feature was observed in the dermal connective tissue of skin biopsies obtained from some of the patients. variable amounts of an extracellular, cross-striated osmiophilic material were present in the dermis. the purpose of this communication is to describe the banded substance observ ...197551648
antigenic heterogeneity in patients with reactions in borderline leprosy.fifteen patients with borderline leprosy who developed "reversal" reactions were studied from the inception of treatment. thirteen showed an appreciable increase in lymphocyte transformation (lt) when preparations of mycobacterium leprae were used as antigen. the lt responses to either "whole" or "sonicated" preparations of the bacillus in these 15 patients and in nine others also in reaction correlated with the clinical presentation. those with skin disease predominating in the reaction showed ...197553086
mycobacterial antigens in antibody responses of leprosy patients.a reference system for m. smegmatis antigens in crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antibody activities in serum samples of 91 leprosy patients. all polar and borderline lepromatous patients were positive. mean numbers out of 14 m. smegmatis antigens involved were 4.3 and 3.5, respectively. precipitins against antigen no. 1 were seen in all lepromatous cases. antibodies against this antigen were detected in 50% of tuberculoid (polar, subpolar and borderline) cases. antibody activity ...197558844
acid-fast properties and pyridine extraction of m. leprae.the reportedly unique pyridine extractability of acid-fastness as an identifying characteristic for m. leprae was examined in the leprosy bacilli and in eight other strains of mycobacteria. the initial findings were, in general, in accord with previous reports except that m. smegmatis and m. phlei likewise demonstrated two hour pyridine extractability of acid-fastness. perhaps, more significantly, it was found that this characteristic in m. leprae is related to aged, probably nonviable bacilli. ...197558845
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