Publications

in vivo inhibition of ache and atpase activities in the tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio exposed to technical grade cypermethrin.		1994	8167458
effects of water-borne cadmium on the skin of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the skin of carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied at the ultrastructural level after exposure of the fish to low and high concentrations of cadmium in the water (22 and 560 micrograms/l, respectively) for different periods. the effects of the low concentration of cadmium were similar to those of the high concentration, although they appeared later. the basal lamina and the skin surface became highly undulating. chloride cells appeared between the pavement cells. necrotic pavement cells were seen fr ...	1994	8161232
megalocornea, developmental retardation and dysmorphic features: two further patients.	two unrelated children are described with megalocornea, mild-moderate developmental delay, mild joint laxity and a similar dysmorphic appearance, comprising a bossed forehead, hypertelorism, a saddle-shaped nose and a carp-shaped mouth with prominent lips. similar abnormalities have been observed in previously reported cases of megalocornea/mental retardation and may help to define one subtype of this heterogeneous group of conditions.	1994	7519950
effect of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride on gonadal function and its regulation in sexually mature common carp cyprinus carpio.	gonadal function in fish, cyprinus carpio was significantly affected by sublethal doses of mercuric chloride (hgcl2) and cadmium chloride (cdcl2) in chronic (45 days) exposure. parameters investigated were nonesterified (ne) and esterified (e) cholesterol of ovary, liver and serum and ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity and serum and pituitary gonadotropin (gth) levels. both the pollutants were able to reduce the hypothalamic extract (he) or gon ...	1994	8024715
carp parvalbumin binds to and directly interacts with the sarcoplasmic reticulum for ca2+ translocation.	interaction between two relaxing factors, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and parvalbumin, in carp fast skeletal muscle was investigated. immunoblotting using an anti-parvalbumin antibody revealed that parvalbumin bound to the light sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from carp fast skeletal muscle in the presence of ca2+. parvalbumin enhanced ca2+ uptake activity of the light sarcoplasmic reticulum. furthermore, using a photoreactive cross-linker, we detected a protein in the light sarcoplasmic reticulu ...	1994	8123046
seasonal variations in gonadotropin responsiveness, self-priming, and desensitization to gnrh peptides in the common carp pituitary in vitro.	seasonal variations of the gth release response to salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and [d-arg6,pro9net]-sgnrh (sgnrh-a) were investigated in female common carp at different stages of the reproductive cycle using perifused pituitary fragments. the responsiveness to sgnrh and sgnrh-a varied seasonally in common carp pituitaries in vitro, with the greatest gth release response in pituitaries from sexually mature (preovulatory) fish compared to pituitaries from sexually regressed fish. the magnitude of this sea ...	1994	8174932
the complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of carp (cyprinus carpio) mitochondrial genome.	the complete sequence of the carp mitochondrial genome of 16,575 base pairs has been determined. the carp mitochondrial genome encodes the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas, and 22 trnas) as do other vertebrate mitochondrial dnas. comparison of this teleostean mitochondrial genome with those of other vertebrates reveals a similar gene order and compact genomic organization. the codon usage of proteins of carp mitochondrial genome is similar to that of other vertebrates. the phylogenetic re ...	1994	8169959
a myomodulin-carp-related peptide isolated from a polychaete annelid, perinereis vancaurica.	myomodulin-carp-family peptides have been isolated only from molluscs. in the present study, a heptapeptide, ala-met-gly-met-leu-arg-met-nh2, termed pev-myomodulin, was isolated from a polychaete annelid, perinereis vancaurica using the esophagus of the animal as the bioassay system. the sequence of the annelid peptide is highly homologous with those of the myomodulin-carp-family peptides found in molluscs. the annelid peptide is regarded as a member of the myomodulin-carp family, though all the ...	1994	7765183
mesoderm differentiation in explants of carp embryos.	an analysis of carp blastoderm development was carried out in culture after isolation from the yolk cell and its yolk syncytial layer (ysl). the blastoderms were separated from the ysl at four different stages of embryogenesis: the blastula, early epiboly, early gastrula and late gastrula stages. absence of the ysl in explants was checked by scanning electron microscopy. from observations of living embryos and histological examination of tissues which were formed in explants from all stages stud ...	1994	28305813
bioaccumulation of the rare earth elements lanthanum, gadolinium and yttrium in carp (cyprinus carpio).	widespread use of the rare earth elements (rees) in china for agricultural purposes, together with many other applications, has resulted in a remarkable increase of ree concentrations in the environment. the comparative bioaccumulations of representative light, medium and heavy rees in a variety of tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were investigated for an evaluation of their impacts on aquatic animals. the fish were exposed continuously to solutions containing 0.50 mg litre(-1) of each eleme ...	1994	15091666
effects of prolonged darkness on light responsiveness and spectral sensitivity of cone horizontal cells in carp retina in vivo.	light responses of cone- and rod-driven horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly from opened eyes of intact, immobilized carp and the effects of prolonged darkness on these cells were examined. when the retina was left in the dark, responses of cone horizontal cells to a moderate test flash presented once every 10 min gradually and steadily decreased in size (dark suppression effect). following a repetitive presentation of the test flash, the light responsiveness of the cells was enhanced. ...	1994	8283240
subunit structures of multiple hemoglobins in carp.		1994	8014260
does a natural dnase-actin complex exist in the carp liver cytosol?		1994	7976016
pcna/cyclin expression and brdu uptake define proliferating myosatellite cells during hyperplastic muscle growth of fish (cyprinus carpio l.).	the possibility of detecting in situ proliferating myosatellite cells during postlarval muscle growth in the carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) by means of brdu and pcna (cyclin) immunohistochemistry has been evaluated on paraffin embedded sections. nine subadult stages were defined according to the body length and weight. the fish were injected intraperitoneally with brdu and fixed one hour later. adjacent cross sections mounted on glass slides were incubated with monoclonal antibrdu (1:100) and antipc ...	1994	7524812
cloning of a growth hormone from a primitive bony fish and its phylogenetic relationships.	growth hormone (gh), prolactin, and their relatives constitute a multigene family which is considered to have evolved from a common ancestor. the structural and functional domains of gh appear to be highly conserved among vertebrates. in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among ghs in the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii, we have cloned and sequenced gh from the pituitary of the primitive bony fish, amia calva. bony fishes (teleosts) and amia (halecomorphi) are purported sister- ...	1994	7926657
double-staining of horizontal and amacrine cells by intracellular injection with lucifer yellow and biocytin in carp retina.	horizontal and amacrine cells in the isolated carp retina were impaled with micropipette electrode, identified by their characteristic light responses, and injected iontophoretically with markers for morphological study. both lucifer yellow ch and biocytin were injected simultaneously. lucifer yellow was seen by its own fluorescence while biocytin was visualized by binding with texas red-linked or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated avidin. for cone-connected horizontal cells, biocytin-coupled cel ...	1994	7514770
rapid and simultaneous measurement of anodic and cathodic haemoglobins and atp and gtp concentrations in minute quantities of fish blood	oxygen transport to vertebrate tissues is dependent upon (a) the intrinsic o2-binding properties of haemoglobin (hb) and (b) modulation by allosteric effectors, such as nucleoside triphosphates (ntp), that depress hb o2-affinity in fish red cells. while some species, such as flatfish, primarily use adenosine triphosphate (atp) to modulate o2-binding to hb, others, such as eel and carp, also use guanosine triphosphate (gtp) (kono and hashimoto, 1977; leray, 1982; weber and jensen, 1988). unlike m ...	1994	9317794
seasonal and temperature-induced changes in myosin heavy chain composition of crucian carp hearts.	myosin heavy chain isoforms of the ventricular myocardium from crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) hearts were analyzed in different times of the year by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [k. a. esser, m. o. boluyt, and t. p. white, am. j. physiol. 255 (heart circ. physiol. 24): h659-h663, 1988]. in winter only one myosin heavy chain type was present, but in summer about one-half of the winter myosin was replaced by more slowly moving summer myosin. the occurre ...	1994	7810767
anoxia and adenosine induce increased cerebral blood flow rate in crucian carp.	the crucian carp (carassius carassius) has the rare ability to survive prolonged anoxia, indicating an extraordinary capacity for glycolytic atp production, especially in a highly energy-consuming organ like the brain. for the brain to be able to increase its glycolytic flux during anoxia and profit from the large liver glycogen store, an increased glucose delivery from the blood would be expected. nevertheless, the effect of anoxia on brain blood flow in crucian carp has never been studied prev ...	1994	8067472
structural order of membranes and composition of phospholipids in fish brain cells during thermal acclimatization.	a comparison of the structural orders of membranes of a mixed brain-cell population isolated from cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to either summer (23-25 degrees c) or winter (5 degrees c) revealed a high degree of compensation (80%) for temperature, as assayed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. the cells rapidly forget their thermal history and adjust the physical properties of the membranes when shifted to the other extreme of temperature either in vivo or in vitro. phospholipids separated ...	1994	8058786
parasites of south african freshwater fish. vii. nematodes of some scaled fishes from the hartbeespoort dam, transvaal.	the nematode parasites of 16 large-scaled yellowfish, barbus marequensis, six silverfish, barbus mattozi, six small-scaled yellowfish, barbus polylepis, 52 canary kurper, chetia flaviventris, 11 carp, cyprinus carpio, 45 mozambique bream, oreochromis mossambicus and a single-banded bream, tilapia sparrmani, caught in the hartbeespoort dam, transvaal, were collected, identified and counted. contracaecum spp. larvae were recovered from one o. mossambicus, 40 chetia flaviventris, three cyprinus car ...	1994	7596571
central nervous system abnormalities in chromosome deletion at 11q23.	two japanese pediatric patients with terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 are described. both had the morphological abnormalities of the 11q deletion syndrome, such as prominent epicanthal folds, broad flat nasal bridge with short, upturned nose, short philtrum with carp-shaped mouth, cardiac anomalies and nonprogressive moderate psychomotor developmental delay. patient 1 is the first case to be reported with 11q deletion with serial magnetic resonance (mr) examinations of cerebral ...	1994	7523004
relationships among ryanodine receptor isoforms expressed in vertebrate skeletal muscles based on immunologic cross-reactivities.	to clarify the relationship among ryanodine receptor isoforms from skeletal muscles of various vertebrates (alpha- and beta-isoforms with smaller and larger mobilities on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively), we examined the cross-reactivities of those receptors from 13 animal species by western blot analysis, using specific polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against the bullfrog alpha- and beta-isoforms. anti-beta-isoform antibody showed positive reactions against skeletal ...	1994	7896740
distribution of free d-serine in vertebrate brains.	free d-serine distribution in vertebrate brains was investigated. in various brain regions of the lower vertebrate species, carp, frog and chick, free d-serine levels were low. on the contrary, in the mammals, mouse, rat and bull, the contents of free d-serine were high in the forebrain (around 400 nmol/g wet weight, and the ratio of d-serine to l-serine, was d/l = 0.4), and low in the hindbrain. in developing mice, d-serine levels in the cerebrum increased with age and attained the adult level ...	1994	8131079
[the perceptive color space in the carp (carpio cyprinus l.)].	discrimination of colours was studied using choice conditioning paradigm (one of a pair of colour stimuli) in carps. matrix of probabilities of instrumental reactions (catching a bead) was constructed by the results of eight experimental sessions with successive reinforcement of one of the eight colours. it was processed by factor analysis. the spherical structure of carp's perceptual colour space revealed by factor analysis was similar to that of monkeys and humans. four eigenvectors which cons ...	1994	7879429
response of ig-positive cells to goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa) infections in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the kinetics of ig-positive cell populations in carp tissues was followed during an infection with the gut dwelling coccidian goussia carpelli léger et stankovich, 1921. in cell suspensions of the anterior and posterior sections of the intestine, the proportion of ig-positive cells increased with the development of the coccidia and peaked during oocyst formation at day 15 post exposure. these results suggest a reaction of the local mucosal immune system. in cell suspensions of pronephros the pro ...	1994	7883249
isolation of a carp complement protein homologous to mammalian factor d.	factor d of carp (cyprinus carpio) complement was purified to apparent homogeneity by a 4-step chromatographic procedure and examined for physicochemical and functional properties. carp factor d proved to be an alpha-globulin with a molecular mass of 29 kda and the serum concentration was estimated to be 6 micrograms/ml. the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence (30 residues including five unidentified positions) of carp factor d showed high homologies (57-60%) to those of mammalian factor d. neither ...	1994	8152436
molecular cloning and sequencing of a carp cdna encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.	we have cloned a full-length cdna encoding the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mkk) from a carp liver cdna library. the cdna contains 1970 bp with a single open reading frame encoding a 397 amino acid protein. by comparing with known mkk sequences from other species, carp mkk is 78%, 80%, 76% and 58% identical to rat mkk1, rat mkk2, xenopus mkk and drosophila mkk.	1994	8312367
development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon insulin-like growth factor-i.	a specific homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for measurement of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in plasma of salmonid and a few non-salmonid fish species was developed using recombinant coho salmon igf-i (rsigf-i) as tracer and standard, and antiserum against this peptide raised in rabbits. the minimum detection level of igf-i was 1.5 ng/ml and linearity was obtained in a range from 1.5 to 23 ng/ml. no cross-reaction was detected in the salmon igf-i ria with mammalian growth factors, salmon ...	1994	7843563
up-regulation of insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle by high insulin levels.	the effects of insulin titres on regulation of receptor binding were studied in several fish species. insulin receptors were semi-purified by affinity chromatography (wga-agarose) from skeletal muscle of carp, brown trout and rainbow trout that had been subjected to increases in insulinemia produced either by arginine injection, food administration, or adaptation to an experimental diet (extruded diet with high-digestibility carbohydrates). arginine injection provoked acute hyperinsulinemia in b ...	1994	7846297
comparative inhibition patterns of adenylate kinases from mammals, bird, fish and microorganisms.	the s8 inhibitions of aks from six different sources were studied in mammals, birds, fish, and a microorganism. all aks tested were inhibited by s8. except for carp, all inhibited aks from those tested were reactivated by dtt. inhibitions of aks by other hydrophobic inhibitors, nem, butanol and ethanol were also studied. the inhibitions by s8 suggest that the hydrophobic pockets in the aks cover a wide phylogenetic range. all inhibitions by s8 are reactivated by dtt. unlike the inhibitions by s8 ...	1994	7749617
survey of the paratenic hosts of anguillicola crassus in lake velence, hungary.	anguillicola crassus infection of paratenic hosts was investigated in lake velence, hungary, in october 1992. a total of 155 specimens of 8 species (gymnocephalus cernuus, lepomis gibbosus, stizostedion lucioperca, abramis brama, alburnus alburnus, cyprinus carpio, pseudorasbora parva and rutilus rutilus) were examined: all species proved to be infected. there were large differences in the prevalence of infection among fishes, but the prevalence was generally higher in perciform fishes and it wa ...	1994	7810405
the occurrence of neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains.	neurons with strongly negatively charged surface coats were recognized in mammalian, avian, reptilian, amphibian and piscine brains. many large-sized neurons had strongly negatively charged surface coats in the visual cortex and brain stem of the cow, cat, guinea pig, mouse, quail and parakeet. such neurons were also seen in the brain stem of the lower vertebrates such as the house lizard, japanese terrapin, bullfrog, newt, carp and sweetfish.	1994	7817774
[ambiphrya ameiuri (ciliophora: peritricha): its ultrastructure and distribution on the body of carp fry].	the mass infection of larvae and youngsters of carp fishes with the peritrichoid ambiphrya ameiuri has been recorded in natural condition in the rybinsk water reservoir. the uneven localisation of ambiphyrans on the body surface has been observed on the hosts blicca bjorkna and abramis brama. most high density of parasites was on the breast, back and tail fins. the morphological variability of ambiphyrans in dependence upon their localisation on the fish body has been observed. details being sig ...	1994	7824286
on the role of the escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf) in repression at a distance of the pyrimidine specific promoter p1 of the carab operon.	binding of integration host factor to its target site, centered around nucleotide -305 upstream of the transcription startpoint, exerts antagonistic effects on the expression of p1, the upstream pyrimidine specific promoter of the e coli and s typhimurium carab operons. ihf stimulates p1 promoter activity in minimal medium, but also increases the repressibility of this promoter by pyrimidines. we present evidence strongly suggesting that ihf exerts these effects by modulating the binding of anot ...	1994	7748925
m-band structure, m-bridge interactions and contraction speed in vertebrate cardiac muscles.	cardiac muscle m-band structures in several mammals (guinea pig, rabbit, rat and cow) and also from three teleosts (plaice, carp and roach), have been studied using electron microscopy and image processing. axial structure seen in negatively stained isolated myofibrils or negatively stained cryo-sections shows the presence of five strong m-bridge lines (m6, m4, m1, m4' and m6') except in the case of the teleost m-bands in which the central m-line (m1) is absent, giving a four-line m-band. the m4 ...	1994	7706420
the distribution and host range of species of the blood fluke sanguinicola in british freshwater fish.	the distribution of host range of sanguinicola armata, s. inermis and s. volgensis in british freshwater fish are described. s. inermis has been recorded in carp cyprinus carpio, crucian carp carassius carassius and tench tinca tinca in southern, central and eastern england and in koi carp imported from japan. s. armata has been detected in pike esox lucius and tench and s. volgensis has been found in chub leuciscus cephalus, dace leuciscus leuciscus, perch perca fluviatilis, roach rutilus rutil ...	1994	7706678
[evaluation of 4 vermifuges against bothriocephalus acheilognathi in carp].	with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of four vermicides, praziquantel, mebendazole, nitroscanate and triclorfon in the control of bothriocephalus acheilognathi in carps, one hundred and sixty, two year-old carps (ctenopharyngodon idellus) with an average weight of 120 g and a mean parasitic burden of 115.5 parasites/fish were used. five groups of 30 fish each were randomly formed. each group was then subdivided in three groups, each of 10 individuals/pond. the three subgroups of group a receive ...	1994	7709095
cyclic amp-reactive proteins in human saliva.	this study was conducted to compare cyclic amp-reactive proteins (carp), the secretory form of regulatory (r) subunits of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka), and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) activity in human whole saliva with that of parotid fluid. additionally, experiments were done to determine whether secretory carp is altered by environmental stimuli. earlier work showed that r subunits are present in parotid fluid and in salivary glands of rats. no previous information ...	1994	7741656
spring viraemia of carp.		1994	7941273
role of the atrial natriuretic peptide for adrenal regulation in the teleost fish cyprinus carpio.	the biological role of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) for the adrenal tissue of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio, the carp, was investigated using in vitro autoradiography to study anp binding sites, immunohistochemistry to localize anp-like peptides, and in vitro perifusion to measure adrenal cortisol and catecholamine release. 125i-labeled rat anp-(99-126) [125i-ranp-(99-126)] binding was present in adrenal tissue exhibiting positive cooperativity with a half-maximal binding concentration (e ...	1994	7943413
monoclonal antibodies against goldfish (carassius auratus) immunoglobulin: application to the quantification of immunoglobulin and antibody-secreting cells by elispot and seric immunoglobulin and antibody levels by elisa in carp (cyprinus carpio).	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against heavy and light chains of goldfish immunoglobulin (ig) were characterized by a western blot technique. a complete cross-reactivity was observed between carp and goldfish ig. these mabs were used for the quantification of carp ig and anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies by elisa. an elispot assay was also developed in carp to quantify ig-secreting cells (isc) and antibody-secreting cells (asc). the number of asc was maximum on day 18 post-vaccination and de ...	1994	7951348
immunodetection of the ribosomal transcription factor ubf at the nucleolus organizer regions of fish cells.	a human autoimmune serum to nucleolus organizer regions (nors) has been used to localize these structures at the light microscopic level in carp and trout tissue culture cells. in interphase cells, the immunofluorescence pattern indicates that the nors autoantigens are contained exclusively within the nucleolus of carp epithelial (epc) and trout gonad (rtg) cells. this fluorescence is punctuate rather than uniform, and presumably represents transcriptional complexes of ribosomal dna. during mito ...	1994	7954874
dnase-i-like enzyme from the carp liver--inhibition by muscle and endogenous actin.	1. dnase-i-like activity occurs in the carp (cyprinus carpio) liver cytosol (supernatant 105,000 g). 2. the enzyme resembles dnase i from bovine pancreas in respect to the molecular mass (approximately 31 kda), ph (7.4) and ion requirements (mg2+, ca2+) and the ability to degrade native as well as denatured dna. 3. as judged by comparison of dnase zymograms obtained after native- and sds-page, the enzyme occurs in the three molecular forms of similar molecular weight and different charges. 4. al ...	1994	7988739
cloning and characterization of the european seabass, dicentrarchus labrax, mitochondrial genome.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the european seabass, dicentrarchus labrax, has been cloned and characterized. its gene organization was deduced by a comparison of the sequenced termini of different subclones obtained from european seabass mtdna to the completely-sequenced mtdnas from carp and freshwater loach. the difference in genome size between the european seabass mtdna (approximately 18 kb) and most of the other characterized fish mtdnas (approximately 16.5 kb) is accounted for by the displ ...	1994	8001168
properties of the 'neutral zone' explain polarity of retinal spreading depression.	retinal spreading depression was evoked using low cl- ringer's solution and the concomitant field potentials (spreading depression potential; sdp) were recorded. the polarity of the transretinally recorded sdps was not consistent among animal species. the sdps recorded from carp and frog were receptor side negative, while chick and cat induced receptor side positive sdps. according to the k+ hypothesis, the retinal sdp is generated by müller cells responding to an increase in the extracellular k ...	1994	8008248
immunocytochemical study on biologically active neurosubstances in daughter sporocysts and cercariae of trichobilharzia ocellata and schistosoma mansoni.	immunocytochemical techniques applied to sections and whole-mount preparations of cercariae from two species of trematodes, trichobilharzia ocellata and schistosoma mansoni, revealed the occurrence of immunoreactivity (ir) to several neurosubstances in the nervous system (ns). immunostaining was localized in cerebral ganglia, in the main commissure, in anterior and posterior nerve trunks, as well as in a pair of nerve fibres running along the tail. in t. ocellata, immunoreactivity (ir) was obser ...	1994	8022656
insulin binding and receptor tyrosine kinase activity in skeletal muscle of carnivorous and omnivorous fish.	we characterized the insulin receptors in skeletal muscle from several fish species with different nutritional preferences: brown trout (salmo trutta fario), gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), tilapia (tilapia mossambica), and carp (cyprinus carpio), semipurified by affinity chromatography (wheat germ agglutinin-agarose). total specific binding and number of receptors per unit weight of piscine white skeletal muscle were lower than those values found in mammalian skeletal muscle. the same param ...	1994	8024051
characterization of gamma-crystallins from a hybrid teleostean fish: multiplicity of isoforms as revealed by cdna sequence analysis.	gamma-crystallins were isolated and characterized from the eye lenses of a hybrid species belonging to the teleostean fish. isoelectric focusing of gamma-crystallin fraction obtained from gel-permeation chromatography revealed that it consists of multiple charge isomers of a protein species with a molecular mass of about 20 kda. to facilitate the cloning of gamma-crystallin gene, cdna was constructed from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction ...	1994	8037758
toxicity identification evaluations for the investigation of fish kills: a case study.	a large fish-kill was observed in the river tajo during the spring-summer of 1991. the mortality was first detected between aranjuez and toledo, affecting several fish species. then it was slowly going downstream, affecting only carp (cyprinus carpio), reaching the spanish-portuguese border several months later. short-term toxicity tests on daphnia magna and in vitro cytotoxicity tests on rtg-2 cells were used as toxicity monitoring systems in water samples and different water fractions. the fis ...	1994	8044634
phylogenetic and ontogenetic study of neuropeptide y-containing nerves in the liver.	the distribution of neuropeptide y was investigated by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry in the liver of various vertebrates including the eel, carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, dog, monkey and human. the ontogenetic development of neuropeptide y was also studied in the mouse liver. in all species examined except the eel, neuropeptide y-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibres. in the carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse and rat, positive fibr ...	1994	8045785
[activity of lysosomal proteinases in carb tissue in aeromonas infection].	the activity of major lysosomal proteinases (cathepsins b and d) increased in carp tissues infested with aeromonas hydrophila. the value and character of changes in the activity of cathepsins depended on the degree of infestation and the physiological state of fishes (normally fed or starved).	1994	8047538
characterisation of immunoglobulin-binding leucocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	this study demonstrates the immunoglobulin(ig)-binding capacity of ig-positive carp macrophages employing immunofluorescence and immunogold methods. these methods allow for the characterisation of the ig-binding cells. after internalisation of fluorescent- or gold-labelled ig (30 min at room temperature), most macrophages from the hindgut were able to bind added purified carp ig, which could be demonstrated clearly with a second fluorescent or gold label. in pronephros, an important haemopoietic ...	1994	8050616
creatine kinase, energy-rich phosphates and energy metabolism in heart muscle of different vertebrates.	maximal activities of creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase and total concentrations of creatine and phosphorylated adenylates were measured in cardiac muscle of hagfish, eight teleost species, frog, turtle, pigeon and rat. the ratio of creatine kinase to cytochrome oxidase with cytochrome oxidase as a rough estimate of aerobic capacity and cellular "energy turnover", was increased in myocardia of hagfish, turtle and crucian carp. these myocardia are likely to be frequently exp ...	1994	8056878
nuclear sm antigens in the sperm of different organisms.	immunoblot analysis of sperm protein from several species revealed the presence of polypeptides recognised by anti-sm sera obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. immunoreactive polypeptides in human, bull, mouse and rat sperm were identified as protein b', b and d as compared with the sm polypeptides of hela cells. in the sperm of rooster, the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and the mussel choromytilus chorus, the immunoreactive polypeptide profile was more complex. to ascertain ...	1994	8785681
inhibitory effects of microcystis aeruginosa toxin on ion pumps of the gill of freshwater fish.	a microsomal fraction enriched in ion pump enzymes was isolated from the gill of the carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). mg(2+)-dependent (na+ + k+), na+, hco3- and ca(2+)-stimulated atpase activities were studied following treatment with microcystin-lr-like toxin, the major toxic component isolated from microcystis aeruginosa culture. these enzyme activities were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the maximum inhibition of each enzyme, induced with nm concentration of the toxin, was similar to th ...	1994	9237344
characterization of macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes from the pronephros of carp (cyprinus carpio)	to analyse the functional activity of different leucocyte types, carp pronephros cells were separated on percoll density gradients and by use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting. cell populations were characterised by light and electron microscopy and by flow cytometry. fractions enriched in macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes were subsequently analysed for phagocytic activity in vitro by quantification of the uptake of escherichia coli bacteria or yeast cells, and for respiratory burst ...	1994	9317515
[high molecular weight forms of aminoacyl-trna synthetases in animals. ii. high molecular weight aminoacyl-trna synthetase complexes in lower animals].	high-molecular-weight aminoacyl-trna synthetase complexes have been found in hen, frog and carp liver cytosol as well as in cytosol from snails and paramecium. the complexes from vertebrates and snails contained 13-15 aminoacyl-trna synthetases, revealed mass of about 4,000 kda and sedimentation constant about 19 s. the complex from paramecium containing 11 aminoacyl-trna synthetases, revealed a mass of about 1,600 kda and sedimentation constant 15 s. the results of the present study support the ...	1993	8534161
immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptides in the oocyte.	1. the presence and partial characterization of immunoreactive anp (iranp) in eggs were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), immunohistochemistry and northern-blot hybridization in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. 2. serial dilution curves of egg extracts from frogs and freshwater teleostean fishes (silver crusian carp and loach) were parallel to the standard curve of atriopeptin iii. rat oocytes also contained iranp (25-30 pg/egg). 3. the hplc profile of iran ...	1993	8095876
studies on the toxic and immunosuppressive effects of cadmium on the common carp.	in the last couple of decades, research on cadmium extended from its toxicologic aspects to its role in environmental pollution. the toxicity of cadmium to different species of fish varies widely. the cadmium sensitivity of batches of common carp, the most important cultured fish species of hungary, was studied. lethality, histopathologic changes and effect of cadmium on the antibody response, lysozyme level and microbicidal capacity were monitored. wide variation was found in individual sensiti ...	1993	8017244
the occurrence of sphaerospora renicola k-stages in the choroidal rete mirabile of the common carp.	it is known from earlier studies that the so-called k-protozoa, the late presporogonic stages of sphaerospora renicola, a parasite causing renal sphaerosporosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio), accumulate in the swimbladder wall and give rise to the disease called myxosporean swimbladder inflammation. the present study indicates that in the case of intensive infection these parasites also occur in the rete mirabile of the choroid of the eye, causing haemorrhages and necrosis. the results sugges ...	1993	8314174
purification and properties of an indian major carp (cirrhinus mrigala, ham.) pituitary thyrotropin.	thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) was isolated and purified from the pituitaries of indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala, with the help of a sensitive in vitro bioassay system, based on incubating isolated thyroid follicles from murrel, channa gachua. in this assay, addition of test material containing tsh increased thyroxine (t4) release into the medium which was then measured by radioimmunoassay (ria). tsh activity was eluted as one major peak on sephadex g-100 gel filtration (peak i), which a ...	1993	8319876
expansion of genes that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes.	we have analyzed the genomic genes and the mrna that encode mhc class i molecules in cyprinid fishes, namely, the ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and the carp (cyprinus carpio). the presence of several distinct class i genes was revealed in the genome of cyprinid fishes, and distinct class i genes that are expressed in carp cells were identified. the sequences of the alpha 3 domain of these class i genes are relatively well conserved, whereas the sequences of the respective ...	1993	8326125
effects of inoculum route and dose on the immune response of common carp, cyprinus carpio to the blood parasite, trypanoplasma borreli.	carp were inoculated intramuscularly (im) or intraperitoneally (ip) with different doses of live trypanoplasma borreli. prepatent period was shortened by using the im route and by increasing the dose. haematocrit was reduced following im inoculation with 9.5 x 10(5) parasites. most fish recovered between 8 and 13 weeks post-inoculation (wpi). neither parasitaemia nor anaemia was detected in any recovered fish following homologous challenge. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to q ...	1993	8333145
regulation of expression of transgenes in developing fish.	the transcriptional regulatory elements of the beta-actin gene of carp (cyprinus carpio) have been examined in zebrafish and goldfish harbouring transgenes. the high sequence conservation of the putative regulatory elements in the beta-actin genes of animals suggested that their function would be conserved, so that transgenic constructs with the same transcriptional control elements would promote similar levels of transgene expression in different species of transgenic animals. to test this assu ...	1993	8353534
expression and inheritance of rsvltr-rtgh1 complementary dna in the transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio.	transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio, possessing the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence of avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) fused to the rainbow trout (rt) growth hormone (gh1) complementary dna (cdna) were produced by microinjection. initial studies showed that the transgenic common carp transmitted the foreign dna to a significant fraction of their progeny in three of four crosses of transgenic males with control females. these progeny grew 20 to 40% faster than their nontransgenic full sibl ...	1993	8364692
efficiency of introns from various origins in fish cells.	several vectors containing (1) regulatory regions from rous sarcoma virus (rsv), human cytomegalovirus (cmv), and herpes simplex thymidine kinase (tk); (2) introns from early or late sv40 genes and from trout growth hormone gene (tgh); (3) chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat); and (4) transcription terminators from sv40 were transfected into carp epc cells, salmon chse cells, tilapia to2 cells, quail qt6 cells, and hamster cho cells. cat activity was measured in extracts from several cel ...	1993	8395951
recombinant carp (cyprinus carpio) growth hormone: expression, purification, and determination of biological activity in vitro and in vivo.	carp growth hormone (cgh) cdna (koren et al., 1989) was cloned under the control of lambda-phage plol promoter and lambda cll ribosomal binding site into pbr322 plasmid to enable its expression in escherichia coli a1645 that produces constitutively the thermolabile lambda repressor c1857. temperature shift to 42 degrees abolished the repression, resulting in a high level of cgh expression. the bacterially expressed cgh protein, contained within the refractile body pellet, was solubilized in 4.5 ...	1993	8428649
cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding the mhc class ii beta chain in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).	atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cdnas encoding the major histocompatibility complex (mhc-sasa) class ii beta chain were isolated from a leucocyte library by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach. three different cdnas (c144, c22, and c157) encoding the entire mature beta chain have been analyzed. clone c144 differs from clone c157 in 12.6% of the nucleotides in the beta 1-encoding region. the corresponding differences between clones c144 and c22, and clones c22 and c157, are 10.3% and 5.2%, r ...	1993	8436418
plasmodium falciparum: the immune response in rabbits to the clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp) after immunization in freund's adjuvant or immunostimulating complexes (iscoms).	the plasmodium falciparum clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp) is a merozoite-associated antigen which contains approximately 30% asparagine. analysis of the dna sequences located 5' of the cloned 1.4-kb carp gene in the p. falciparum genome suggests that this gene fragment may encode the complete carp and that the gene product is a protein of m(r) 50,000. to analyze the immunogenicity of carp, the gene was expressed as a fusion protein with staphylococcal protein a (spa-carp). immunization ...	1993	8454022
distribution of non-class-iii beta-tubulin isoforms in neuronal and non-neuronal cells.	beta-tubulin isoforms in brain tissues and in cell lines were analyzed by high-resolution isoelectric focusing in combination with monoclonal antibodies. post-translational modifications of brain non-class-iii beta-tubulin isoforms were found in phylogenetically distant species ranging from pig to carp. less extensive modifications were also observed in neuro-2a, hela and 3t3 cells, where most acidic isoforms were glutamylated, while the basic, most abundant isoforms were not. the data suggest p ...	1993	8462682
characterization of beta 2-microglobulin transcripts from two teleost species.	using degenerate primers based on published beta 2-microglobulin sequences we were able to obtain an expected 111 base pairs (bp) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment from tilapia genomic dna. the sequence of this fragment showed a high degree of similarity to mouse beta 2-microglobulin at the protein level. we used these primers in an "anchored pcr" to obtain a 213 bp pcr fragment from a carp cdna library. this was then used to clone a full-length beta 2-microglobulin cdna from carp. the ca ...	1993	8462991
an invertebrate calcium-binding protein of the calbindin subfamily: protein structure, genomic organization, and expression pattern of the calbindin-32 gene of drosophila.	antisera against vertebrate calcium-binding proteins cross-react with drosophila nervous and muscle tissue. we have used an antiserum against carp parvalbumin to isolate from a drosophila head cdna library immunopositive expression clones. tissue in situ hybridization identified a clone that labeled specific neurons and muscles similar to the parvalbumin-like immunohistochemical staining pattern. five independent cdnas derive from an mrna whose open reading frame codes for a 310 amino acid polyp ...	1993	8478695
the deduced amino acid sequence of human carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) is 98% identical to the mouse homologue.	a recently reported mrna, encoding 'carbonic anhydrase-related polypeptide' (carp) from the purkinje cells of mouse cerebellum, was shown to have a 30-40% deduced amino acid sequence identity with the carbonic anhydrases (ca) of mammals. in order to compare the mouse and human carp sequences, we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify human carp sequences from several cdna libraries (salivary gland, testis and placenta). the sequence has an 89.3% sequence identity with mouse carp at ...	1993	8482548
tempo and mode of mitochondrial dna evolution in vertebrates at the amino acid sequence level: rapid evolution in warm-blooded vertebrates.	by using complete sequence data of mitochondrial dnas, three markov models (dayhoff, proportional, and poisson models) for amino acid substitutions during evolution were applied in maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrially encoded proteins to estimate a phylogenetic tree depicting human, cow, whale, and murids (mouse and rat), with chicken, frog, and carp as outgroups. a cow/whale clade was confirmed with a more than 99.8% confidence level by any of the three models, but the branching order ...	1993	8483165
isolation and primary structure of the three major forms of granulin-like peptides from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio).	granulins are cysteine-rich polypeptides purified from human and rat hematopoietic cells and structurally related to the epithelin family of growth modulatory factors. a prototypic form of granulin was isolated from the hematopoietic organs of teleost fish (belcourt, d., and bennett, h.p.j. (1988) j. cell biol. 107, 629 (abstr.)). this study reports the structure of three granulins purified from the spleen and head kidney of the carp (cyprinus carpio). ion-spray mass spectrometric analysis of gr ...	1993	8486624
[the population level and distribution of ectoparasites in carp].	the abundance and the distribution of dactylogyrus extensus and ichthyophthirius multifiliis on gills of two-years old carps have been investigated. it has been established that at least there are five groups, which differs from each other on the asymmetry of infection.	1993	8488057
presence of growth hormone receptors in carp liver and intestine.	membranes were prepared from tissues of the carp ctenopharynogodon idellus including liver, kidney, intestine, adipose tissue, ovary, gill, heart, muscle and spleen. the carp liver and intestine membranes bound 125i-labeled bovine growth hormone and the binding could be displaced by cold bovine growth hormone. no changes in the ability to bind 125i-labeled bovine growth hormone occurred after treatment of the carp liver membrane with dnase, rnase, alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase, suggesting t ...	1993	8490577
intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species.	segmented, filamentous bacteria (sfbs) form a group of bacteria with similar morphology and are identified on the basis of their morphology only. the relationships of these organisms are unclear as the application of formal taxonomic criteria is impossible currently due to the lack of an in vitro technique to culture sfbs. the intestine of laboratory animals such as mice, rats, chickens, dogs, cats and pigs is known to harbour sfbs. to see whether this extends to other animal species, intestines ...	1993	8501895
determination of ichthiomycin concentration by biological test with cyprinus carpio l.	we have found out that one-year-old carps are extremely sensitive to ichthiomycin in concentrations between 25-125 micrograms/dm3. this fact permitted the use of biological methods for determination of ichthiomycin concentrations in cultural medium of streptomyces levoris 1107 or crude preparations of the antibiotic.	1993	8511994
gaba- and glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and glycine are the two main inhibitory transmitter amino acids in the central nervous system of vertebrates. the distribution of cells containing gaba and glycine in the carp spinal cord was examined by using specific antisera raised against the two amino acids conjugated to bovine serum albumin. the immunoreaction on serial paraffin sections was visualized by a streptavidin-biotin method. both antisera gave highly specific labelings of cells. at least three types ...	1993	8514921
[the protein level in bothriocephalus acheilognathi cestodes and their hosts, carp fingerlings, in experimental feeding and starving of the fish].		1993	8152846
a case-control study of oral cancer in beijing, people's republic of china. associations with nutrient intakes, foods and food groups.	a case-control study of oral cancer was conducted in beijing, people's republic of china to examine the association between dietary nutrient intake and risk of oral cancer, both in terms of estimated intake of nutrients and micro-nutrients, and in terms of specific foods and food groups. the study was hospital-based and controls were hospital in-patients matched for age and sex with the cases. the response rate for cases and controls was 100% and 404 case/control pairs were interviewed. the resu ...	1993	8180577
comparative studies on fish and bird insulin receptors.	the comparative studies were performed on insulin receptors of erythrocytes and liver plasma membranes in fish (tench and carp) and bird (duck). the scatchard plots indicated the presence of two pools of binding sites both in fish and duck. these pools show inter-species differences in binding ability and the number of receptors. specific binding of insulin and the binding affinity are higher in duck than in fish.	1993	8212960
estimation of the genetic variation in complement activity of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the complement status of hybrid, laboratory raised carp was determined by an in vitro approach of the alternate complement activity (ach50) and total haemolytic activity (ch50), and by measurement of serum c3 levels. the lysis of target sheep red blood cells (rbc) in the haemolytic assay for ch50 activity depended, amongst others, on the haemolysin concentration in the assay. rocket electrophoresis showed a mean serum c3 concentration of 0.95 mg ml-1. the variation for both ach50 and ch50 haemol ...	1993	8236805
[localization and activity of several enzymes in tissues of bothriocephalus acheilognathi and khawia sinensis tapeworms parasitizing carp].	in this study, an attempt has been made to compare the most common species of tapeworms in carp: non-segmentary khawia sinensis and segmentary bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the basis of histoenzymatic examination of 8 enzymes, i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, nonspecific esterase alfa, succinic dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamylo transferase.	1993	8237009
multiphasic allometry.	a multiphasic linear model is presented that describes the allometric relation between body components and permits a smooth transition from one linear segment to the next. three applications of a diphasic linear model to allometric growth problems were used to illustrate the model. the data sets were selected because a breakpoint exists in the allometric relation. relations between growth of the alimentary tract and of empty body weight in rabbits, growth of length and of body weight in larval-c ...	1993	8244622
the expression of rat gap-43 cdna in transgenic carp.	to understand more about growth-associated protein-43 (gap-43), we produced transgenic carp by introduction of a rat gap-43 cdna linked to the rous sarcoma virus-long terminal repeat into fertilized eggs. of 180 eggs microinjected with exogenous gene, 59 embryos hatched and 4 fish were found to contain the exogenous gene sequences in the genomic dna. from a mature female transgenic carp, parthenogenetically, 126 progeny were derived and 52 of them survived for more than 90 days. the exogenous ge ...	1993	8257558
antibody dependent haemolysin, complement and opsonin in sera of a major carp, cirrhina mrigala and catfish, clarias batrachus and heteropneustes fossilis.	the present communication is a continuation of our earlier study on the natural serum haemagglutinin/lectins of cirrhina mrigala, clarias batrachus and heteropneustes fossilis. sera of cirrhina mrigala, belonging to the major carp family, could not only agglutinate heterologous rabbit erythrocytes, but also lyse them spontaneously. this lysis of rabbit rbc by cirrhina mrigala sera was calcium ion dependent and heat sensitive, indicating thereby that the haemolysis was mediated by the fish serum ...	1993	8281746
localized leucocyte response to ichthyophthirius multifiliis establishment in immune carp cyprinus carpio l.	o-group carp (cyprinus carpio) which had been immunized against ichthyophthirius multifiliis by controlled infections were challenged by topical application of theronts to the caudal fin. the parasites which established were examined ultrastructurally, and host leucocyte responses were compared with those observed in primary infections. in the primary exposure group eosinophils and (to a lesser extent) basophils were the predominant cells infiltrating infection sites. in contrast, parasite devel ...	1993	8291210
purification and characterization of urotensin ii from the brain of a teleost (trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and an elasmobranch (skate, raja rhina).	peptides related to urotensin ii have been isolated in pure form from an extract of whole brain of a teleost, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of an elasmobranch, the longnose skate (raja rhina). the primary structure of the trout peptide [gly-gly-asn-ser-glu-cys-phe-trp-lys-tyr-cys-val] is similar to that of urotensin ii peptides isolated from the urophyses of other teleost fish. for example, trout urotensin ii contains only one amino acid substitution (thr4-->ser) compared with urot ...	1993	8138107
cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in retinal müller glial cells: implications for dl-alpha-aminoadipate toxicity.	a cytotoxicity of glutamate or related amino acids (10 mm) mediated by a cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc) has recently been demonstrated in n18 neuroblastoma-rat retina hybrid (n18re105) cells and c6 glioma cells. the antiporter usually transports glutamate outside and cystine inside, thereby maintaining cellular concentrations of glutathione. high concentrations of glutamate inhibit cystine uptake and lead to depletion of cellular levels of glutathione. among related amino acids, dl-alp ...	1993	7906874
use of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry to examine proliferative activity of fish tissues.	the suitability of bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) immunohistochemistry for the study of myosatellite cell proliferation in three subadult carp (cyprinus carpio) stages (11, 15, 17 cm) was examined. they were injected intraperitoneally with brdu and fixed one hour late. after fixation and dehydration, white myotomal muscle and small intestine samples were embedded in histowax. cross sections mounted on glass slides, were incubated with monoclonal antibrdu antibody (1:100) after hcl denaturation. after ...	1993	7688604
major glycoproteins in carp cns myelin: homology to p0 protein with hnk-1/l2 carbohydrate epitope.	we studied the myelin protein profiles of carp from a phylogenetic point of view. the carp central nerve myelin contained two reactive bands, 28 and 25 kda, demonstrated with anti-bovine p0 antibody. their molecular weights are slightly different from those of two positive bands found in carp peripheral myelin. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of these four positive bands were identical to one another and showed high homology with those of mammalian p0 protein, suggesting that carp central my ...	1993	7693109
[15n-labeling of fishes using 15n isotopes in aquarium water and the effect of a different protein nutrient on the 15n elimination after the labeling period].	in a preexperiment of 12 days fishes (cyprinus carpio l.) were labelled with 15n by means of 15nh4cl and 15n-urea resp. in the aquarium water and by feeding a protein free diet. 15nh4cl yielded a higher atom-% 15n excess (15n') in the tissues of fishes. in the main experiment 75 fishes (cyprinus carpio l.) were 15n-labelled with 100 mg 15n'/l water from 15nh4cl (95 atom-% 15n') in a protein free preperiod of 12 days. in the following main period the fishes received different protein sources in t ...	1993	7487475
preparation and comparison of biological properties of recombinant carp (cyprinus carpio) growth hormone and its cys-123 to ala mutant.	carp growth hormone (cgh) cdna, in which cys-123 was mutated to ala, was prepared, transferred to the expression vector, expressed in escherichia coli and the mutant was purified to homogeneity. the mutation only slightly improved yield of the monomeric fraction, indicating that cys-123 is not involved in improper refolding. as compared to cgh, the mutant (cgh-c123a) exhibited lower binding affinity toward homologous liver receptors and lower bioactivity in a 3t3-f442a preadipocyte bioassay desp ...	1993	24202495
molecular endocrinology of oocyte growth and maturation in fish.	pituitary gonadotropins (gths) are of primary importance in triggering oocyte growth and maturation. however, the actions of gths are not direct, but are mediated by the ovarian production of steroidal mediators of oocyte growth (estradiol-17β) and maturation (maturation-inducing hormone, mih; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 17α,20β-dp in salmonid fishes; 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20β-s in sciaenid fishes). it is established that production of estradiol-17β and 17α,20β-dp by salm ...	1993	24202455
dna adduct detection: some applications in monitoring exposure to environmental genotoxic chemicals.	in the assessment of genotoxic risk factors in the environment, the measurement of dna adducts in aquatic organisms and in plants may have considerable implications. using 32p-postlabelling, we have detected dna adducts in the liver of carp (chondrostoma nasus) from the river rhône (france), both downstream and upstream from a polychlorinated biphenyl incineration plant. some of the dna adducts were specific to downstream fish, suggesting a differential pattern of exposure. we have also detected ...	1993	8225509
trading off safety against food: state dependent habitat choice and foraging in crucian carp.	the influence of hunger level and predation risk on habitat choice and foraging in crucian carp, carassius carassius, were studied in a laboratory experiment. experiments were carried out in aquaria with or without a predator (pike, esox lucius). habitat use and foraging activity of three-fish foraging groups of either fed or hungry crucian carp were studied. fish were allowed to choose between an open (risky) habitat with tubifex worms and a habitat with dense vegetation (safe) without food. ha ...	1993	28314010
brain sensitivity to anoxia in fish as reflected by changes in extracellular k+ activity.	most vertebrates have a very limited tolerance to anoxia. the only exceptions to this rule are found among ectothermic species, notably crucian carp (carassius carassius) and freshwater turtles. it has been assumed that the brains of these species are less sensitive to anoxia than ectothermic brains in general. however, it has not been possible to exclude that anoxia-intolerant species like rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) die from heart failure rather than brain failure during anoxia, and th ...	1993	8447481