Publications

kinetics of chloride transport across fish red blood cell membranes	the continuous flow tube method was used to investigate the kinetics of chloride transport, and its potential oxygenation-dependency, in red blood cells (rbcs) from four teleost fish species and man. a significant interspecific variation in cl- transport kinetics was found. at 15 °c, the rate constant k for unidirectional 36cl- efflux was significantly lower in rbcs from eel and carp than in rbcs from rainbow trout and atlantic cod. the values of k of cod rbcs at 15 °c and of human rbcs ...	1995	9320152
an immunocytochemistry study comparing the occurrence of neuroactive substances in the nervous system of cercariae and metacercariae of the eye fluke diplostomum spathaceum.	the nervous system of two larval stages (cercariae, metacercariae) of eye fluke diplostomum spathaceum was investigated immunocytochemically by the application of antisera to the amino acid glutamate and to neuropeptides isolated from invertebrates (mollusca) and from vertebrates to whole-mount preparations. in cercariae, positive immunoreactivity (ir) was observed with antisera raised against catch-relaxing peptide (carp), fmrfamide, alpha-caudodorsal cell peptide (alpha-cdcp), substance p, vas ...	1995	7479646
synergism of gh and igf-i in stimulation of sulphate uptake by teleostean branchial cartilage in vitro.	the combined effects of teleostean gh and human igf-i in the regulation of teleost branchial cartilage growth were examined. ceratobranchial cartilages were dissected from the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and maintained in a defined culture medium supplemented with recombinant striped bass gh (sbgh), human ifg-i (higf-i) or both, and the uptake of [35s]sulphate by cartilage explants was measured. sbgh alone in the culture medium did not exhibit a significant stimulatory effect on the uptake of ...	1995	7490539
effect of exposure to malachite green solution on common carp fry with dactylogyrus vastator (monogenea) infection.	in five experiments, common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry with dactylogyrus vastator (monogenea) infection of different severity, as well as parasite-free fry, were placed into aquaria containing malachite green solution of 0.5-10 mg/l concentration. most of the fish died within 6 hours. the correlation between the time of death and helminth infection was studied. the experiments demonstrated that in malachite green solution the carp with the heaviest helminth infection died first while the less se ...	1995	7491866
structural and biochemical remodelling in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy: comparative and ontogenetic aspects.	excessive release or administration of beta-mimetic catecholamines may induce cardiomegaly, necrotic lesions and accumulation of connective tissue in the heart of adult homoiotherms. it was examined here whether similar changes can also be observed at different stages of evolution of the cardiovascular system, i.e. in poikilotherms and in homoiotherms during embryonic life. sensitivity of the poikilothermic hearts (carp, frog, turtle) to isoproterenol (ipro) was significantly lower than in the h ...	1995	7494559
recognition of surface antigens on spermatozoa of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l., teleostei) using monoclonal antibodies and scanning electron microscopy.	the distribution of antigenic determinants, recognized by seven anti-carp spermatozoa monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and two anti-carp spermatogonia mabs were studied using fresh, unfixed carp spermatozoa. the location of the antigenic determinants was analysed in light- and in scanning electron microscopy, in the latter with the backscattered imaging mode. with all seven anti-carp spermatozoa mabs a similar regular distribution of the immuno-gold labeling was present on heads, midpieces and tails ...	1995	7536015
insulin and igf-i binding and tyrosine kinase activity in fish heart.	a study is presented of the binding of insulin and igf-i to their respective receptors in the heart muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), brown trout (salmo trutta fario) and sprague-dawley rats. receptor preparations were partially purified by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. specific binding of insulin/100 mg cardiac muscle was much lower in fish (from 5.6 to 9.2%) than in rat (52.0 +/- 5.0%). in both carp and trout, insulin binding to the cardiac ...	1995	7561619
chimeric l-type ca2+ channels expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes reveal role of repeats iii and iv in activation gating.	1. chimeric alpha 1 subunits consisting of repeat i and ii from the rabbit cardiac (alpha 1c-a) and repeat iii and iv from the carp skeletal muscle ca2+ channel (alpha 1s) were constructed and expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes without co-expressing other channel subunits. ba2+-current kinetics of five chimeric channel constructs were studied in xenopus oocytes using the two-microelectrode technique. 2. exchange of repeats iii and iv of alpha 1c-a with sequences of alpha 1s results in a signifi ...	1995	7562629
purification properties and specificity of cathepsin d from cyprinus carpio.	cathepsin d was purified 750-fold from a homogenate of cyprinus carpio muscles. the purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 36,000, is inhibited by pepstatin and is active between ph 2.7 and 3.7 when tested on hemoglobin as the substrate. it consists of two isoenzymes with pis of 5.65 and 6.1, respectively. the mode of cleavage of the beta chain of oxidized insulin was determined by analysis of the n-terminal amino acids of the cleaved peptides. the major points of cleavage of the beta chain o ...	1995	7584842
evidence for a direct action of gh on haemopoietic cells of a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata).	receptors for gh were characterized in the head kidney of gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), using radioiodinated and biotinylated ligands. the specific binding of radiolabelled recombinant gilthead sea bream gh (rsbgh) to head kidney membrane preparations was dependent on membrane concentration. salmon prolactin, salmon gonadotrophin and carp gonadotrophin did not compete for 125i-labelled rsbgh-binding sites. unlabelled rsbgh competitively displaced 125i-labelled rsbgh bound to head kidney me ...	1995	7595141
carp macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes secrete an interleukin-1-like factor.	carp, cyprinus carpio l, macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes obtained from pronephros were cultured. supernatant was harvested after 48 h and tested for interleukin-1 (il-1) bioactivity. a concentration-dependent stimulation of proliferation was found of carp ig- lymphocytes as well as of the murine il-1 dependent d10 (n4) m cell line. a 4 h treatment of cells with phorbol myristate acetate prior to culture gave a two- to fourfold enhancement of the bioactivity in the supernatant. antibodi ...	1995	7615138
pyrimidine regulation of the escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium carab operons: carp and integration host factor (ihf) modulate the methylation status of a gatc site present in the control region.	by measuring the protection against dam methylase modification of a gatc sequence located 106 bp upstream of the startpoint of promoter p1 in the control region of the carab operon (encoding carbamoylphosphate synthetase) we have obtained evidence for a direct correlation between the degree of in vivo occupancy of a specific regulatory target site and the repressibility of the p1 promoter by pyrimidine residues. a high uridine nucleotide pool as well as binding of the carp (alias xerb/pepa) gene ...	1995	7616563
carp, involved in pyrimidine regulation of the escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthetase operon encodes a sequence-specific dna-binding protein identical to xerb and pepa, also required for resolution of colei multimers.	the carp gene involved in pyrimidine-specific regulation of the upstream p1 promoter of the escherichia coli carab operon has been cloned in vivo on a mini-mu replicon, sequenced and shown to be identical to the xerb (pepa) gene encoding aminopeptidase a, a protein also involved in the xer-mediated site-specific recombination at colei cer. the trans-dominant allele carp6 was cloned as well and shown to bear a single g-->a transition that converts the tgg codon (trp473) into a tag amber stop codo ...	1995	7616564
immunolabelling of fish host molecules on the tegumental surface of ligula intestinalis (cestoda: pseudophyllidea).	immunoblotting, sds-page and western blotting procedures were used to demonstrate cross-reactivity of a polyclonal anti-carp igm antibody with components of roach serum. the polyclonal antibody labelled 2 major bands in both immune and normal roach sera corresponding to molecular masses of approximately 90 and 65 kda. one of these bands (65 kda) was considered to be heavy chain of fish immunoglobulin whilst the identity of the other remains uncertain. this cross-reaction has been exploited in im ...	1995	7622332
characterization of gamma-crystallin from a catfish: structural characterization of one major isoform with high methionine by cdna sequencing.	gamma-crystallin is the major and most abundant lens protein present in the eye lens of most teleostean fishes. to facilitate structural characterization of gamma-crystallins isolated from the lens of the catfishes (clarias fuscus), a cdna mixture was synthesized from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was adopted to obtain cdnas encoding various gamma-crystallins. plasmids of transformed e. coli strain jm109 containing amplified ...	1995	7627123
aii amacrine cell population in the rabbit retina: identification by parvalbumin immunoreactivity.	parvalbumin (pv) is a calcium-binding protein localized to selected neurons in the nervous system, including the retina. this investigation evaluated the distribution of pv immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody directed to carp pv. in the inner nuclear layer (inl), pv immunoreactivity was present in horizontal and amacrine cells. in the ganglion cell layer, pv immunostaining was confined to somata that are likely to be both displaced amacrine ...	1995	7629307
a human factor that recognizes dna substituted with 2-chloroadenine, an antileukemic purine analog.	2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine), an analog of deoxyadenosine, is an important new drug for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and other forms of adult and pediatric leukemia. by a gel-shift binding assay, we identified an activity in hela nuclear extracts that recognizes and binds to oligonucleotides substituted with 2-chloroadenine (clade). the activity was specific for clade residues because control oligomers did not readily compete out the complex. the binding factor was a monomeric ...	1995	7646763
the use of recombinant gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) growth hormone for radioiodination and standard preparation in radioimmunoassay.	a gilthead sea bream growth hormone (sbgh) obtained by cloning and expression of sbgh cdna was used to develop a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (ria). iodination of recombinant sbgh (rsbgh) was performed by the classical chloramine-t method. specific antiserum, raised in rabbits, was added in a final dilution of 1/36,000. the minimum detectable dose was 30 pg, and the midrange of the assay (ed50) was 275 pg. intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (cv) were 3.3 and 5.8% at ed50 ...	1995	7669108
benefits of a predtor-induced morphology in crucian carp.	crucian carp (carassius carassius) develop a deeper body in response to chemical cues from piscivores. this change in body morphology has been suggested to be a predator-induced defence. here we investigate the possible benefits of the induced body morphology in laboratory experiments. pike foraging behaviour when feeding on crucian carp of different body depths was recorded using video. further, in a preference experiment pike were allowed to choose between shallow-bodied and deep-bodied crucia ...	1995	28307584
evidence that acetylcholine mediates increased cerebral blood flow velocity in crucian carp through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.	nitric oxide (no)-dependent regulation of brain blood flow has not been proved to exist in fish or other ectothermic vertebrates. using epi-illumination microscopy on the brain surface (optic lobes) of crucian carp (carassius carassius), we show that superfusing the brain with acetylcholine (ach) induces an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity that can be completely blocked by the no synthase inhibitors ng-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-name) and ng-nitro-l-arginine. also, sodium nitropruss ...	1995	7536198
endocrine, gonadal and behavioral responses of male crucian carp to the hormonal pheromone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one.	the olfactory-mediated responses to the sex hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-p) were studied in spermiated and regressed male crucian carp (carassius carassius l.). the position and spontaneous locomotor activity of single male crucian carp were continuously recorded in an artificial stream. 17 alpha,20 beta-p (final concentration 10(-11) m) was supplied to one half and its ethanol carrier to the other half of the test area. milt volume and gonadotropin (gth-i ...	1995	7583015
[amino acid neurotransmitter receptors of carp brain expressed in amphibian oocytes].	gaba receptor and inotropic glutamate receptors were expressed in amphibian oocytes and studied with the voltage-clamp technique and pharmacological method after injection of mrna from carp (carassius carassius) brains. it was found that about 90% of the response to gaba was mediated by gabaa receptor, but there was also about 10% of the response which was insensitive to bicuculline, a selective antagonist to gabaa receptor, baclofen, a selective agonist to gabab receptor, had no effect on the i ...	1995	7784891
roles of energy status, katp channels and channel arrest in fish brain k+ gradient dissipation during anoxia	the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) is one of the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates known, being able to maintain ion homeostasis in its brain for many hours of anoxia. this study aims to clarify the importance of glycolysis during anoxia and also to investigate whether the extreme tolerance to anoxia could be due to down-regulation of k+ permeability ('channel arrest') and/or activation of atp-sensitive k+ (katp) channels. the latter was also tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). ...	1995	9320504
effects of anoxia on energy metabolism in crucian carp brain slices studied with microcalorimetry	crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) is an exceptionally anoxia-tolerant vertebrate. to determine whether isolated crucian carp brain tissue survives anoxia and whether it displays anoxic metabolic depression, heat production (using microcalorimetry), lactate production, ethanol production and the maintenance of atp, adp and amp levels and energy charge were measured in telencephalic brain slices during anoxia. in response to anoxia, heat output decreased by 37 %, corresponding to a 31 % fall i ...	1995	9318635
regeneration of axons in transection of the carp spinal cord.	axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (cns) was investigated in the fine structural and histochemical aspects using carp spinal cord, which was completely transected at the level of the dorsal fin. fusion of the transection region and the regeneration of axons already began to be recognized 26 days after operation by electron microscopy. at 115 days after operation, the rostral and caudal parts of the transected spinal cord were completely connected by the regenerating nervous tissue ...	1995	7580813
alkaline single cell gel (comet) assay and genotoxicity monitoring using bullheads and carp.	monitoring genotoxicity of the environment using endemic organisms as sentinels requires the development of sensitive assays. toward this end, we explored the feasibility of applying the alkaline single cell gel (scg) or "comet" assay. this approach involves detection, under alkaline conditions, of cell dna fragments which, on electrophoresis, migrate from the nuclear core, resulting in a "comet with tail" formation. tail length has been correlated with level of genotoxicant exposure in a number ...	1995	8575424
retraction of spinule-type neurites from carp retinal horizontal cell dendrites during dark adaptation involves the activation of ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii.	the formation of spinules at the terminal dendrites of retinal horizontal cells with the onset of light and their subsequent retraction during darkness is a remarkable example of synaptic plasticity where sensory experience modifies reversibly, and on a time scale of minutes the ultrastructure of synaptic connectivity. the signals and the subsequent intracellular cascades underlying the prominent morphological alterations are only partially understood. we show here that lowering the external cal ...	1995	8528466
regulation of fish growth hormone transcription.	regulation of endogenous fish growth hormone transcription was studied using carp pituitaries in vitro. it was demonstrated that thyroid hormone (t3) and 9-cis retinoic acid have increased the steady state levels of growth hormone messenger rna in pituitary cells, as compared with beta-actin messenger rna levels. in contrast, estrogen failed to increase growth hormone mrna levels. the possible involvement of thyroid hormone receptor in pituitary gene expression was demonstrated by in situ locali ...	1995	7670597
development of an in vitro model of essential fatty acid deficiency in fish cells.	levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa; 20:5, n-3) greatly exceed those of arachidonic acid (aa; 20:4, n-6) in the tissue phospholipids of most fish species. despite this, it is 20:4, n-6-derived eicosanoids that are produced predominantly in fish cells. the development of an essential fatty acid (efa)-deficient fish cell line would greatly assist the study of this selectivity and so several fish cell lines were cultured in efa-deficient (efad) media. all n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p ...	1995	8596777
enzymological differences of ache and diazinon hepatic metabolism: correlation of in vitro data with the selective toxicity of diazinon to fish species.	the in vitro hepatic metabolism of diazinon, as well as the sensitivity of the brain acetylcholine esterase, to diazoxon inhibitory action have been studied in order to explain the different toxicity of diazinon to oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), poecilia reticulata (guppy), brachydanio rerio (zebra fish) and cyprinus carpio (carp). in spite of a very sensitive acetylcholine esterase the carp is very resistant to diazinon toxicity because of its very low rate of bioactivation and relatively ...	1995	7481748
a mother and three daughters with congenital dislocation of the hip and a characteristic facial appearance: a new syndrome?	we describe a mother and her three daughters who all have bilateral congenital dislocation of the hip. the mother has had no other medical problems and is on the 90th centile for height. her three daughters resemble each other strongly with facial characteristics which include hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, puffiness around the eyes, a flat mid-face and a carp-shaped mouth. all three daughters are on the 3rd centile for height, with their head circumference on a higher centile and all had an a ...	1995	8574416
toxic effects, at three ph levels, of two reference molecules on common carp embryo.	early life-stage survival, motility, and growth toxicity tests were carried out on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) endotrophic embryo, with two reference molecules (captafol and dnoc), from fertilization to the end of the first two-thirds period of mortalities by starvation. thirteen days duration exposure was performed in daily renewed medium, at 24.5 degrees c, in standard synthetic water, at three phs (6.9, 7.8, 9.0), in the presence of 10 mm/liter nontoxic ph buffer. nominal concentrations ...	1995	8565873
dietary exposure of mink to carp from saginaw bay, michigan: 2. hematology and liver pathology.	the effects of consumption of environmental contaminants contained in carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay, michigan on various hematological parameters and liver integrity of adult female mink (mustela vision) were determined. mink were fed diets that contained 0 (control), 10, 20, or 40% carp prior to and throughout the reproductive period (182 days). the diets contained 0.015, 0.72, 1.53, and 2.56 mg polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg diet and 1.0, 19, 40, and 81 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodib ...	1995	7487160
dermocystidium koi found in skin lesions in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).		1995	8571508
binding of 241am to carp cytosolic fractions in vitro.	recent studies on the competition between cd and radionuclides have been reported in marine species. the present investigation aims to study the binding of 241am to freshwater fish cytosolic fraction before and after cd-treatment. the main organs studied are the liver, kidneys and muscles. the distribution of americium in the liver cytosol of carp cadmium treated shows a preferential fixation on a 10 kda fraction with high sulfhydril compounds.	1995	7492965
spontaneous branchioblastoma in a koi carp (cyprinus carpio).		1995	7625059
structure-activity relationship of phenolic compounds (phenol, pyrocatechol and hydroquinone) on natural lymphocytotoxicity of carp (cyprinus carpio).	we have tested the effects of phenol and two diphenols (pyrocatechol and hydroquinone) on a non-specific immune response, i.e. the natural cytotoxic activity, of the carp. after a 12-day exposure of fish, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, hydroquinone appeared to exert the most immunotoxic effect in vivo. in vitro, after a preincubation of 1 h, phenol (10(-2) m), pyrocatechol (4.25 x 10(-4) m) and hydroquinone (4.25 x 10(-5) m) decreased the natural cytotoxic activity of lymphoid cell suspension. ...	1995	7740548
in vivo effects of deltamethrin on some biochemical parameters of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	thein vivo effects of deltamethrin (dm) on the blood sugar level, the acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) activities of the blood serum and various organs (heart, liver and intestine), the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.2.3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (got, ec 2.6.1.1), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (gpt, ec 2.6.1.2) activities of the blood serum, the adenosine triphosphatases (ec 3.6.1.3; na(+)/k(+)-atpase and mg(2+)-atpase) activities of the erythrocyte plasma membrane and ...	1995	24202271
dietary exposure of mink to carp from saginaw bay, michigan. 1. effects on reproduction and survival, and the potential risks to wild mink populations.	carp (cyprinus carpio) collected from saginaw bay, michigan, containing 8.4 mg total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg and 194 ng of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (teqs)/kg, were substituted for marine fish at levels of 0, 10, 20, or 40% in the diets of adult ranch mink (mustela vison). the diets, containing 0.015, 0.72, 1.53, and 2.56 mg pcbs/kg diet, or 1.03, 19.41, 40.02, and 80.76 ng teqs/kg diet, respectively, were fed to mink prior to and throughout the reproductive pe ...	1995	7726645
catecholamine-induced changes in oxygen affinity of carp and trout blood.	carp and trout blood maintained at low constant oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions was beta-stimulated. this activated the na+/h(+)-exchanger of the red cell membrane, leading to increases in red cell ph (phi) and cell water content, the latter resulting in dilution of hemoglobin and organic phosphates. the increase in phi was rapid and maintained throughout the experimental period, the trout red cells showing the largest increase. likewise swelling of the red cells was larger in trout than in c ...	1995	7604184
differences in the thermal stability of acclimation temperature-associated types of carp myosin and its rod on differential scanning calorimetry.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was employed for studying the thermal unfolding of myosin and its rod part prepared from carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. differences in the thermal stability reflecting structural properties were clearly demonstrated by the dsc data obtained at ph 8.0 in 0.6 m kcl for the two types of carp myosin and rod. the transition temperatures on myosin and rod given by the major peaks for the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp were 33.9 and 47.4 degrees c and 33.0 ...	1995	7893723
acute hepatitis and renal failure following ingestion of raw carp gallbladders--maryland and pennsylvania, 1991 and 1994.	in some cultures, eating gallbladders from certain species of snakes, birds, or fish is believed to improve health. a syndrome of acute hepatitis and renal failure following the ingestion of raw carp gallbladders has been described previously among persons living in asia (1-4). this report summarizes two cases of this syndrome that occurred in residents of pennsylvania who had eaten the raw bile and gallbladders of carp caught in maryland.	1995	7616953
the effects of gonadal development and sex steroids on growth hormone secretion in the male tilapia hybrid (oreochromis niloticus × o. aureus).	profiles of plasma growth hormone (gh) in male tilapia hybrid (oreochromis niloticus x o. aureus) were measured and compared at different times of the year. the profiles did not appear to be repetitive, however, differences in their nature were observed at the different seasons; the most erratic profiles were seen in the height of the reproductive season (july), while the peaks were more subdued in the spring and disappeared in the autumn. peaks in male fish were more prominent than in the femal ...	1995	24197495
in vivo effects of deltamethrin exposure on activity and distribution of molecular forms of carp ache.	the in vivo effects of the insecticide deltamethrin (dm) on the activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) were examined in different organs (brain, blood serum, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) of carp. the chosen exposure conditions were a dm concentration of 2 micrograms/liter in the water (12 +/- 1 degrees c) for 3 days. all the treated fish survived the experiment, though the effects of the treatment were very visible: the fish always turned on their side, and ...	1995	7498065
structure of deoxyhaemoglobin of the antarctic fish pagothenia bernacchii with an analysis of the structural basis of the root effect by comparison of the liganded and unliganded haemoglobin structures.	we have determined the structure of deoxyhaemoglobin from the antarctic fish pagothenia bernacchii at ph 6.2 to a resolution of 2.2 a with x-ray data from a twinned crystal deconvoluted so as to approximate data from a single crystal. the r-factor between the (twinned) model and the observed data is 16% for reflections used in refinement and 22% for reflections not used in refinement. the t (deoxy) structure was compared with the r (liganded) structure at ph 8.0 in an attempt to understand the s ...	1995	7623382
isomer-specific determination and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated/brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, and extractable organic halogen in carp from the buffalo river, new york.		1995	22176457
a new fluorochromasia method using a fluorescence microplate reader for assay of cytotoxic activity of carp leucocytes.	a new fluorochromasia method using a fluorescence microplate reader has been established to assay spontaneous cytotoxic activity of carp leucocytes. this method is characterized by using propidium iodide (pi) for staining dead target cells and a fluorescence microplate reader for measurement of the fluorescence of pi. k562 as target cells were prepared in 96-well flat-bottom microplates, and carp leucocytes were added as effector cells. after 2.5 h incubation, pi was added to each well. after an ...	1995	8533295
uptake and tissue distribution of dietary and aqueous cadmium by carp (cyprinus carpio).	the aim of this study was to assess whether contaminated prey can be a major source of cd for fish. for this purpose, the uptake and tissue distribution of dietary and aqueous cadmium by the carp (cyprinus carpio) was studied. the fish were exposed to either cd-contaminated food or cd-contaminated water for 4 weeks in laboratory experiments. when exposed to contaminated food, the fish were kept in clean water and fed contaminated chironomid larvae, equilibrated with 99 micrograms cd. liter-1. du ...	1995	8521785
advanced rus and normal carpal bone age in childhood obesity.	skeletal maturation was evaluated in 60 prepubertal children aged 7.7 +/- 0.27 years (range 2.7-12.6). the radius, ulna and short bones (rus) and the carpal (carp) bone age were assessed. height corresponded to 1 +/- 0.1 z scores.	1995	8520642
small-diameter white myotomal muscle fibres associated with growth hyperplasia in the carp (cyprinus carpio) express a distinct myosin heavy chain gene.	a carp myosin heavy chain gene isoform was isolated from a genomic clone, restriction mapped and partially sequenced to reveal the location of various exons. the clone contains a complete gene of approximately 12.0 kb which is half the size of the corresponding mammalian and avian myosin heavy chain genes. the mrna transcript of this gene, however, is the same size as mammalian and avian striated muscle myosin heavy chain genes (about 6000 nucleotides), illustrating that the difference in size a ...	1995	7658191
expression of carp-cdx1, a caudal homolog, in embryos of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	a carp caudal cdna of 1.3 kb was cloned after screening an early segmentation stage cdna library with a probe produced by pcr using conserved homeobox sequences as primers and genomic dna as template. the homeobox gene was called carp-cdxl. the gene appears highly similar to other vertebrate caudal homologs, especially the zebrafish gene cdx(zf-cad). the possible relationship to homeobox genes within the hox-c gene complexes is discussed. a weak expression of the gene, detected by in situ hybrid ...	1995	28305738
alterations in protein metabolism in selected tissues of fish, cyprinus carpio, during sublethal concentration of cypermethrin.	freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, were exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin (20 µg/l) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h to determine the protein fractions, amino acids, protease, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ammonia, urea and glutamine levels in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues. total, structural and soluble proteins showed decrement; whereas free amino acids and the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly inc ...	1995	24197730
modulations in the levels of respiration and ions in carp cyprinus carpio (l.) exposed to cypermethrin.	this paper reports an investigation of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin (20 µg/l) on the levels of respiration and selected ions in tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). a significant decrease in o 2 consumption and ions was observed in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of cypermethrinexposed fish. the decreased rate of o 2 consumption may be due to inhibition of oxidative enzymes during cypermethrin stress.	1995	24202343
distribution of catch-relaxing peptide (carp)-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of helix pomatia.	immunocytochemistry was performed on the nervous system of helix by the use of an antibody raised against a myotropic neuropeptide, the catch-relaxing peptide (carp), isolated from mytilus edulis. in each ganglion of the central nervous system of helix pomatia, numerous carp-immunoreactive cell bodies and a dense immunoreactive fiber system could be observed with a dominancy in the cerebral and pedal ganglia. the majority of the immunoreactive neurons are unipolar, although multipolar neurons al ...	1995	7781031
residues of endosulfan in carp as an indicator of exposure conditions.	: endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide, consisting of a mixture of two isomers: alpha and beta endosulfan. endosulfan residues were determined in livers and gills of carp exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of endosulfan. the fish which were exposed to a lethal concentration contained the highest residue level in both liver and gills. in carp liver, the percentage of beta endosulfan in the residue decreased with time between exposure and collection of samples whereas the percen ...	1995	24197829
molecular architecture and biophysical properties of phospholipids during thermal adaptation in fish: an experimental and model study.	phospholipids from livers of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) adapted to winter (5 degrees c) and summer (25 degrees c) temperatures were isolated, and the fatty acid composition of total phospholipids, as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and ethanolamines, were determined. order parameter of 5-doxyl stearic acid and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of different anthroyloxy fatty acids--[2-, 12(n-9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid and 16(n-9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid--e ...	1995	8614302
effects of adding various oils to the diet on growth, feed conversion and chemical composition of carp (cyprinus carpio).	the suitability of various vegetable and fish oils was tested as feed components for one-summer-old carp fingerlings. five diets were used: a basal diet, which served as control feed, was supplemented with 10% corn-germ oil, 10% sunflower oil, 10% fish oil or 10% rapeseed oil, respectively. by means of the lipid supplementation the crude protein content decreased from 35.5% in the basal diet to 31.9% in the test diets, whereas the gross energy level increased from 16.3 to 18.9 mj/kg. the diets w ...	1995	7668994
distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity in the taste organs of teleost fish and frog.	using immunohistochemistry, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) was visualized in taste bud cells of the carp, cyprinus carpio, and the european catfish, silurus glanis, by means of light and electron microscopy. intracellular membrane systems, presumably smooth endoplasmic reticulum, of light (sensory) cells, but not of dark (supporting) cells and basal cells, were densely labelled with antibody. in the frog (four species: rana temporaria, r. ridibunda, r. arvalis, r. pipiens), taste bud cells ...	1995	7775201
relationship between sperm atp content and motility of carp spermatozoa.	carp spermatozoa are immotile in seminal plasma or in saline solution of high osmolality (> 400 mosmol kg-1). these 'quiescent' spermatozoa initiate a progressive forward motility when transferred in freshwater or in saline solution with low osmolality (< 160 mosmol kg-1). in this study we investigated 'in vitro' the relationship between sperm atp content (measured by bioluminescence) and sperm motility (analysed by videomicroscopy). sperm atp content remained high in the immobilizing medium (20 ...	1995	7769016
two types of mitochondria are evidenced by protein kinase c immunoreactivity in the müller cells of the carp retina.	the localization of protein kinase c (pkc) was studied immunocytochemically in the müller cells of the carp retina. electron microscope immunocytochemistry (using a monoclonal antibody to the alpha and beta isoenzymes of pkc) showed pkc-immunoreactivity mainly inside some mitochondria, especially along the mitochondrial cristae whereas other mitochondria in the same müller cells showed no staining. despite a detailed analysis we did not find any significant morphological difference between label ...	1995	7739794
red muscle motor patterns during steady swimming in largemouth bass: effects of speed and correlations with axial kinematics	we analyzed midline kinematics and obtained electromyograms (emgs) from the superficial red muscle at seven longitudinal positions in four largemouth bass swimming steadily at standardized speeds of 0.7, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.4 lengths s-1. analysis of variance was used to test for significant variation attributable to both speed and longitudinal position. emgs propagated posteriorly were unilateral and alternated between the left and right sides. despite the propagation of emgs, all the red muscl ...	1995	9319478
glucose transport in carp erythrocytes: individual variation and effects of osmotic swelling, extracellular ph and catecholamines	the characteristics of the uptake of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-omg) by carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes were studied in vitro with tracer methods. there is large individual variation in the permeability of the carp erythrocyte membrane to 3-omg. although transport is inhibited by cytochalasin b and phloretin, the lack of saturation kinetics for transport in a physiologically relevant concentration range suggests either that a glucose transporter does not exist or that its affinity for glucose i ...	1995	9318283
regulatory volume decrease in carp red blood cells: mechanisms and oxygenation-dependency of volume-activated potassium and amino acid transport	hypo-osmotic swelling of carp red blood cells (rbcs) induced a regulatory volume decrease (rvd), which restored the original cell volume within 140 min in oxygenated rbcs, whereas volume recovery was incomplete in deoxygenated rbcs. the complete rvd in oxygenated rbcs resulted from a sustained volume-activated release of k+, cl- and amino acids (aas). in the absence of ouabain, the cells also lost na+ as released k+ was partially regained via the na+/k+ pump. inorganic osmolytes contributed appr ...	1995	9317537
neurons with different immunoreactivity form clusters in the cns of helix pomatia.	the distribution of serotonin (5ht-ir), fmrf amide (fmrf a-ir), catch-relaxing-peptide (carp-ir), dopamine (da-ir), gamma-amino-butyric-acid (gaba-ir), and leucokinin (lk-ir) immunoreactive neurons were compared in the ganglia of helix cns. these neurons are not distributed randomly, but their location outlines distinct groups in the ganglia. in a few groups only da-ir, gaba-ir and lk-ir neurons can be seen, whereas in the majority of groups fmrfa-ir, carp-ir and 5ht-ir neurons are localized tog ...	1995	8853698
effects of an organophosphate on the antioxidant systems of fish tissues.	the effect of a hungarian made and applied insecticide, organophosphate (dichlorvos) on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative and redox parameters of two different fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus) was studied. the two fish species have different ways of life. from antioxidant enzymes, changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and, in the case of carp, acetylcholinesterase activities were studied in tissue homogenates. other param ...	1995	8714762
effect of potassium permanganate, cobalt chloride and vitamin b complex on the haematological parameters of cadmium treated common carp, cyprinus carpio.	effect of potassium permanganate, cobalt chloride and vitamin b complex on the haematological parameters of common carp cyprinus carpio were markedly influenced by a treatment of 2.5 mg/l cd in the laboratory for 96 hours. hb% and esr values were increased but the rbc and pcv values were reduced. treatment of kmno4 (1 mg/l) or cocl2 (2 mg/l) induced a further reduction of rbc of the cd treated fish. but parameters like pcv, mcv and mch of cd treated fish were not affected by the treatment of kmn ...	1995	8580524
the effect of dietary energy and protein concentration and feeding level on feed utilization and body composition of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a three factorial designed feeding experiment with common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was carried out in an intensive experimental rearing system. fish (initial body weight 200 g) were fed on two different levels of dietary energy (16 and 18 mj de/kg dm), two different levels of protein (320 and 420 g cp/kg dm) and also two different feeding intensities (100% and 75% of the maximum intake). the experiment was terminated when fish reached a mean body weight of 1300 g. growth, feed utilization and n ...	1995	8526728
augmentation and suppression of the excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular transmission induced by the ionophores, x-537a and a23187, in the red muscle of carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of the ionophores, x-537a and a23187, on excitatory junction potentials (ejp), inhibitory junction potentials (ijp), diphasic junction potentials (diphasic jp) composed of ejp and ijp, and miniature excitatory junction potentials (mejp) were examined in the red muscles of carp, cyprinus carpio. when 25 microm x-537a and 5 microm a23187 were applied, the amplitude of ejp and ijp increased transiently, then decreased gradually, and finally disappeared. the duration of ejp and ijp was l ...	1995	7474531
differential effects of temperature on macrophages of ectothermic vertebrates.	the role of macrophages in vertebrate defense reactions is especially important at low temperatures, which commonly affect representatives of ectothermic species. the aim of this work was to compare the effects of in vivo thermal acclimation and in vitro assay temperatures on peritoneal macrophages (pms) from fish (carp and goldfish) and amphibians (salamanders and toads). the substratum adherence of pms was undisturbed over the wide range of temperatures experienced by animals in nature. dehydr ...	1994	7996049
[the nutritive value of carp (cyprinus carpio)].	from january 1991 to february 1992 the composition of filleted carps was investigated. special attention was given to a possible correlation to origin and season. the gutted, fresh fish were weighted and only the fillets were used for the investigation. all samples were analysed in duplicate by official methods. the results showed that the protein concentration ranged between 13.0 and 21.9%, the lipids content ranged between 0.3 and 23.9%, moisture ranged between 59.8 and 84.2%, and ash content ...	1994	7716745
involvement of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in inositol polyphosphate formation in carp retinal slices.	the contribution of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors to inositol polyphosphate accumulation in carp retinal slices was investigated using myo-[2-3h]inositol prelabelling. in the presence of the glutamate agonists quisqualate, (rs)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (ampa) and trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentane-dicarboxylic acid (t-acpd), formation of [3h]inositol phosphate was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, with ec50 values of 350 nm, ...	1994	7704299
heavy metal intracellular balance and relationship with metallothionein induction in the gills of carp. after contamination by ag, cd, and hg following pretreatment with zn or not.	determination of metal levels (cu, zn, cd, ag, hg) in soluble and insoluble fractions of gill homogenates has been performed after 7 d exposure of carp (cyprinus carpio) to moderate concentrations of cd, ag, and hg in water. metallothionein levels have been quantified by polarographic method before and after contamination and a subsequent decontamination phase (7 d). the influence of pretreatment by zinc (7 d) has also been evaluated. metallothionein level variations have been interpreted as hav ...	1994	7702978
ultrastructure of blood vessels in the head kidney of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	the ultrastructural features of blood vessels were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the perfused and nonperfused head kidney of the carp. they consisted mainly of the sinusoidal capillaries, arterioles, veins and portal veins. the sinusoidal capillaries were composed of endothelial cells that frequently exhibited large pores and an indistinct basal lamina. some endothelial cells were trabecular in shape and protruded into the lumen. the reticular cells frequently atta ...	1994	7649788
giant catfish pangasianodon gigas growth hormone-encoding cdna: cloning and sequencing by one-sided polymerase chain reaction.	cdna clones encoding giant catfish (pangasianodon gigas) growth hormone (gh) have been isolated using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) strategy. pairwise combinations of degenerate and general primers allowed for the amplification of regions both 3' and 5' to the point of entry into the message. the amplified pcr products were cloned and sequenced. the cdna sequence was found to encode a polypeptide of 200 amino acids (aa), including a putative signal peptide of 22 aa. the 5' and 3' untranslate ...	1994	7959001
muscle glucose utilization during sustained swimming in the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the involvement of circulatory glucose in the energy provision of skeletal muscle and heart of swimming carp was examined. plasma glucose concentration varied from 3 to 17 mm among individual carp, and estimates of glucose turnover rate (rt) were positively correlated with plasma glucose level in resting fish (range 1.6-6.3 mumol.min-1.kg-1) and in swimming fish (range 4.2-10.7 mumol.min-1.kg-1). carp that were exercised at 80% of their critical swimming speed displayed a twofold higher rt at an ...	1994	7977849
[the effect of the duration of methoxyethylmercury acetate exposure on the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].	the purpose of this work was to study possible hematological changes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) which might be induced by the experimental poisoning with metoxyethylmercury acetate which is used as fungicide. the experimental group of fishes was exposed to the named substance which was mixed with the feed during three weeks. the total lymphocytes number decreased in experimental group already at 7th day (p < 0.01), and remained almost at the same level, but considerably lower than the experime ...	1994	7895626
lipid deposition in intestine as a possible cause of malabsorption of nutrients in zinc-deficient common carp (cyprinus carpio).	an experiment was performed to examine the interaction between zn deficiency and lipid intake in carp. the carp were given a high-lipid diet that was either zn-deficient (zd) or zn-supplemented (zs), or were pair-fed (pf) the zs diet to the intake of the zd group. after 8 weeks the carp were killed and measurements were made of intestinal glucose uptake, levels of dna, rna and triacylglycerol, and alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) activity in liver and intestine samples. a further group of simil ...	1994	7530042
mesoderm differentiation in explants of carp embryos.	an analysis of carp blastoderm development was carried out in culture after isolation from the yolk cell and its yolk syncytial layer (ysl). the blastoderms were separated from the ysl at four different stages of embryogenesis: the blastula, early epiboly, early gastrula and late gastrula stages. absence of the ysl in explants was checked by scanning electron microscopy. from observations of living embryos and histological examination of tissues which were formed in explants from all stages stud ...	1994	28305802
substrate concentration affects the in vitro metabolism of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by ovaries of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	carp ovarian tissue was incubated with (3)h-17-hydroxyprogesterone in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg ml(-1) unlabeled 17-hydroxyprogesterone. the pattern of metabolites formed showed a marked variation with substrate concentration. formation of glucuronide and sulphate conjugates was important only at low substrate concentration. at high substrate concentration (10 and 100 μg ml(-1)) 17,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was the major metabolite, but at intermediate concentrations polar 7α ...	1994	24198211
induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in the ornamental (koi) carp cyprinus carpio l. : 3. optimization of heat-shock timing during the 2nd meiotic division and the 1st cleavage.	the results of a series of experiments conducted in our laboratory on the ornamental common carp (koi), aimed at optimizing heat-shock chromosome-set manipulation procedures, are described. the timing of heat-shock initiation was expressed in the relative unit of embryological age (τ0) in order to standardize this parameter, the absolute time for heat-shock initiation being calculated from duration of one τ0 at two different pre-treatment water temperatures. heat shocks were applied within the p ...	1994	24177842
induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in the ornamental (koi) carp, cyprinus carpio l. : 4. comparative study on the effects of high- and low-temperature shocks.	the effects of high- and low-temperature shock treatments, applied at different phases of the 2nd meiotic division within the limits of 0.05-0.60 τ0 (τ0 = relative unit of embryological age) in order to induce gynogenesis in the common carp, were studied. a remarkable difference in the effect of two temperature treatments applied at the same biological age after insemination (expressed in τ0) was revealed. the curves of embryo survival and diploid gynogenetic larva output showed a bimodal respon ...	1994	24177827
myosin subfragment-1 isoforms having different heavy chain structures from fast skeletal muscle of thermally acclimated carp.	three heavy chain isoforms of chymotryptic myosin subfragment-1 (s1) with different molecular sizes of 96 kda (h1), 94 kda (h2), and 92 kda (h3), were detected in the fast skeletal muscle from thermally acclimated carp. in total, six s1 isoforms were present, including two s1 isoforms for each heavy chain due to associated a1 and a2 light chains. h1 heavy chain was dominant in the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp and responsible for high acto-s1 mg(2+)-atpase activity and low thermostability. in con ...	1994	7883745
molecular cloning of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) rhodopsin cdna.	a recombinant phage clone containing a 1584 nucleotides rhodopsin cdna was screened from a carp retinal cdna library. the inserted dna consisting of a single open reading frame of 1062 nucleotides at positions 72 to 1133 encodes a 354 amino acid polypeptide. the deduced amino acid sequence of carp rhodopsin showed 95.7, 85.5 and 74.4% identity with that of goldfish, sand goby and lamprey, respectively. the sites of palmitoylation, glycosylation, disulfide bond formation and schiff base formation ...	1994	7842230
contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three michigan rivers. ii: implications for health of mink.	populations of mink (mustela vison) have declined in many areas of the world. such declines have been linked to exposures to synthetic, halogenated hydrocarbons. in the great lakes region, mink are fewer in areas along the shore of the great lakes and their tributaries where mink have access to fish from the great lakes. recently, there has been discussion of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on rivers in michigan. a hazard assessment was conducted to determine t ...	1994	8060165
contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three michigan rivers. i: concentrations of organo chlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin equivalents, and mercury.	fishes of the great lakes contain hazardous chemicals such as synthetic halogenated hydrocarbons and metals. these fish can move from the lakes into the great lakes tributaries of michigan. in doing so, they transport concentrations of contaminants which may represent a risk to wildlife. concentrations of mercury (hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (tcdd-eq), total ddt complex, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lin ...	1994	8060164
parasexual crosses and hybrid selection with a near haploid variant of the epithelioma papulosum cyprini, cell line epc: a tissue culture model for the analyses of dominance, recessiveness, and complementation of mutant phenotypes.	we describe techniques for insertional mutagenesis of tissue-cultured piscine cells in which we use transfection with g418 and hygromycin b resistance-conferring plasmids, cell matings by electrofusion, and positive selections of fusion hybrids by dual challenge with the antibiotics g418 and hygromycin b. these techniques are designed to facilitate genetic and molecular analyses of tissue-cultured cells. the experiments were conducted with epc-1, a new variant of the carp epithelioma cyprini cel ...	1994	8000480
divergent selection for antibody production in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using gynogenesis.	a base population (n = 101) of carp, consisting of a single hybrid cross, was immunized with the hapten-carrier complex dnp-klh, to perform a divergent selection for antibody response. measurement of the dnp-specific antibody response at 12 and 21 days postimmunization, allowed the classification of a low number of individual carp as early/high (10%) or late/low (13%) responders. three individuals defined as early/high and three defined as late/low responding, were gynogenetically reproduced to ...	1994	7985841
ultrastructure of nonspecific cytotoxic cells in teleosts. i. effector-target cell binding in a marine and a freshwater species (seabream: sparus aurata l., and carp: cyprinus carpio l.).	fish cytotoxic effectors form a cell population whose ultrastructure and properties of conjugation with target cells have not been completely established. we report the ultrastructure of the nonspecific cytotoxic cells in a seawater teleost (sparus aurata l.) and compare it to a freshwater species (cyprinus carpio l.).	1994	7978369
immunocytochemical analysis of mitogen responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) peripheral blood leucocytes.	phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) responses of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sig+) and surface immunoglobulin-negative (sig-) carp peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) were studied. sig+ cell-enriched and depleted carp pbl populations (sig+ and sig- cell fractions, respectively) were obtained by magnetic cell sorting (macs) and mitogenic stimulation in vitro was measured by 3h-thymidine incorporation. the mitogen responses of sig+ and sig- cells in non-separated carp pbl cul ...	1994	7975192
similarities and differences between fish oligodendrocytes and schwann cells in vitro.	in light of the striking differences between oligodendrocytes of the optic nerve/tract of adult goldfish and their mammalian counterparts, a further characterization of goldfish oligodendrocytes was performed. a comparison with schwann cells was included because fish optic nerve/tract-derived oligodendrocytes bear remarkable similarities to this type of glial cell. fish optic nerve/tract-derived oligodendrocytes that had differentiated into 04 and 6d2-positive cells and thus expressed early myel ...	1994	7960034
prolactin gene expression and changes of prolactin pituitary level during the seasonal acclimatization of the carp.	the effect of seasonal acclimatization on the extent of prolactin (prl) gene expression and on the content of this was studied in summer- and winter-carp (cyprinus carpio) hormone pituitary glands. prl content in the rostral pars distalis (rpd) was evaluated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against a cross-linked synthetic peptide comprising the sequence of 15 amino acids which conform to the primary structure of carp prl. to assess the level of prl gene transcription, a 24-mer synthetic ...	1994	7953074
alternate-day steroids affect carpal maturation more than radius, ulna and short bones.	radius, ulna, short bones (rus) and carpal (carp) bone age were assessed in 26 steroid-dependent nephrotic boys after at least 1 year of alternate-day prednisone therapy, and in 26 age- and sex-matched control subjects. no significant difference in rus bone age was found between patients and controls. carp bone age of patients was significantly (p = 0.01) more retarded than in controls. in patients, carp bone age delay was related to their relative height at the time of study (p = 0.01). we conc ...	1994	7947042
space experiment using large-sized fish: in case of carp in spacelab-j mission.	two carp of 26 cm in size, intact and otolith-removed (lb), were flown on the spacelab-j for 8 days in september 12-20, 1992. light-dependent reaction to alternating direction of illumination was recorded for 10 min twice a day together with the cerebellar eeg activity, on 2 days before the launch, during the flight and for 4 days after the landing, in same fish chamber. reproducing the video image, it was revealed that both carp were healthy during the mission, but the lb fish was almost immobi ...	1994	11539537
mimosine-induced cell death and related chromatin changes.	the non-protein amino acid mimosine has recently been shown to induce an unusual mode of cell death that differs from necrosis and apoptosis, the two fundamental schemes of cell death. the drug affects primarily the cell nucleus and induces first condensation of the chromatin into a regular network of fibrils and then gradual decondensation. the present study was performed to evaluate effective mimosine concentrations, time dependency of toxicity, and mimosine-related alterations of the chromati ...	1994	8087796
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish. v. comparative studies of liver microsomal glucuronyltransferases.	udpg-glucuronyltransferase (gt) activities have been determined in the hepatic microsomes of fish species recommended by oecd for some (eco)toxicological tests. due to the heterogeneity of this enzyme family, different chemicals were used as substrate: 4-nitrophenol (4np), 4 methylumbelliferone (4mu), and 2- and 4-hydroxybiphenyl (2ohb and 4ohb). the 4np-gt and 2ohb-gt activities of hepatic microsomes from all the species were linearly dependent on the substrate concentration (tested concentrati ...	1994	7525213
stimulation of gonadal and germ cell development in larval and juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by homologous pituitary extract.	the data presented show that in larval carp, gonadal size has increased distinctly after treatment with homologous pituitary extract (pe). moreover, the precocious onset of primordial germ cell proliferation and of sex differentiation into male and female gonads was induced. body weight of treated and control specimens did not differ significantly from each other throughout the experiment. treatment of juvenile carp with homologous pe led also to an increase in gonadal size without concomitant i ...	1994	24202315
[determination of total arsenic in food by borohydride reduction colorimetric method].	a method for determination of total arsenic in food by borohydride reduction colorimetry is presented. after samples' digestion, the arsenic is converted into trivalent arsenic by ki-thiourea under heating when the solution's acidity is more than 1.0mol/l. trivalent arsenic is then reduced by sodium borohydride to arsine gas which can react with agno3 in absorbing solution to form a yellow substance whose maximum absorption wavelength is 400nm. the method was applied to the determination of tota ...	1994	7806208
isolation and stability of partially oxidized intermediates of carp hemoglobin: kinetics of co binding to the mono- and triferric species.	the monoliganded and triliganded forms of the asymmetric valency hybrids of carp hemoglobin were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. these partially oxidized hybrids were shown to be sufficiently stable to permit the measurement of the kinetics of co binding. the effects of protons and inositol hexaphosphate on the rates of these reactions were examined. the kinetics of co recombination with these partially oxidized derivatives were compared to the kinetics of co binding to th ...	1994	8180217
cloning and sequencing the genes encoding goldfish and carp ependymin.	ependymins (epns) are brain glycoproteins thought to function in optic nerve regeneration and long-term memory consolidation. to date, epn genes have been characterized in two orders of teleost fish. in this study, polymerase chain reactions (pcr) were used to amplify the complete 1.6-kb epn genes, gf-i and cc-i, from genomic dna of cypriniformes, goldfish and carp, respectively. amplified bands were cloned and sequenced. each gene consists of six exons and five introns. the exon portion of gf-i ...	1994	8163195
[cystic changes of the skin caused by dermocystidium koi in koi carp].	skin infection in koi carp by dermocystidium koi is described. symptoms of disease and the parasite are illustrated.	1994	8209371