Publications

insulin-like growth factor iea2 is the predominantly expressed form of igf in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	an insulin-like growth factor (igf) complementary dna (cdna) was isolated from a liver cdna library of adult common carp, cyprinus carpio. the identity of this cdna clone was confirmed by nucleotide sequence determination. sequence comparison with other vertebrate and rainbow trout igfs showed that this cdna encodes a particular subtype of igf-i, igf-iea2. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay showed that this igf-i is expressed mainly in the liver (hepatopancreas) of ...	1996	8680527
genomic structure of carp mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 gene.	carp mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (cmkk1) gene was isolated from a liver genomic library. the sequence around the exon-intron boundaries and 2 kb of the promoter region were determined. our data indicate that this gene is composed of 11 exons and 10 introns spanning about 9 kb. multiple potential transcription initiation sites were located by primer extension analysis. examination of 2 kb of 5'-flanking sequence revealed potential binding sites for a variety of transcription factors ...	1996	8634328
isolation of carp cdna clones, representing developmentally-regulated genes, using a subtractive-hybridization strategy.	a subtractive-hybridization technique, combined with differential screenings and subsequent whole mount in situ hybridization (ish) reactions, was used to isolate novel cdna clones representing developmentally-regulated genes of carp. small-scale differential screenings of an oocyte and a segmentation-stage cdna library using oocyte-specific and segmentation stage-specific enriched probes, yielded 75 positive clones. ish screening showed that 65% (15) of the oocyte-stage clones and 50% (26) of t ...	1996	28306098
[differential effects of low calcium on signal transmission from rods and cones to horizontal cells in carp retina].	intracellular recordings were made from neurons in the superfused isolated carp retina and the effects of calcium on synaptic transmission from cones and rods to horizontal cells were studied by changing the ionic composition of the external medium. when extracellular ca2+ is lowered from 1.2 mmol/l to 0.1 mmol/l, both cone- and rod-horizontal cells (cone-hc and rod-hc) are depolarized, but light responsiveness of these cells are differentially affected: light responses of cone-hcs are reduced i ...	1996	9389162
expression of hoxb-1 during gastrulation and segmentation stages of carp (cyprinus carpio).	this report describes the cdna sequence and embryonic rna expression pattern of carp hoxb-1. carp hoxb-1 is a labial-like, homeobox-containing gene of the 3' end of the hox gene cluster. the expression pattern in carp is compared to that of homologs in other vertebrates. as holds for other hox genes, carp hoxb-1 is expressed with highest intensity at a sharp anterior boundary, and expression fades out towards posterior. at later stages, gaps were found in the domain. the gene is expressed from l ...	1996	8793616
effects of different patterns of light adaptation on cellular and synaptic plasticity in teleost retina: comparison of flickering and steady lights.	the importance of the pattern of light stimulus in inducing light-adaptive morphological (cellular and sub-cellular) changes in the outer retina of the carp was assessed. thus, the effects of steady and flickering backgrounds (of the same intensity) on cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinules were compared by quantitative measurements. for both phenomena, flickering stimuli had a significantly greater effect than steady, although the number of photons delivered by ...	1996	8710195
[studies on glutamate and gaba receptor expressed in amphibian oocytes after injection of carp retina mrna].	using voltage clamp and perfusion technique, the types and characteristics of amino acid receptors of carp (carassius carassius) retinas were studied by expressed response of amphibian oocytes previous injected with the retinal mrna. the results were as follows: (1) glu receptor: diazoxide could potentiated ka induced depolarization, suggesting that some of the retinal glu receptors may be ampa-preferring subtype. (2) gaba receptor: bicuculine could greatly suppress the gaba induced inward rapid ...	1996	9389205
anoxia tolerant animals from a neurobiological perspective.	this paper discusses the mechanisms for brain anoxia survival seen in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and a few species of freshwater turtle (chrysemys and trachemys species). comparisons are made with the hypoxic tolerant mammalian neonate brain. in the anoxic tolerant species the basic strategy for anoxia survival appears to be the maintenance of ion gradients, and thereby the avoidance of anoxic depolarization. important facilitating factors involve having huge glycogen stores, increased b ...	1996	8936038
in vitro effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane on in vitro biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in goldfish carassius auratus.	testicular and ovarian fragments of carassius auratus, taken during the reproductively active prespawning phase (june) of its annual reproductive cycle, were incubated with different concentrations (0 mg/ml, 0 ppm; 0.001 mg/ml, 1 ppm; 0.01 mg/ml, 10 ppm; and 0.02 mg/ml, 20 ppm) of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) in the presence of either exogenous precursor [3h]-17-hydroxyprogesterone ([3h]17-p) or carp hypophyseal homogenate. the free (unconjugated) and conjugated metabolites (glucuroni ...	1996	8812183
isolation and characterization of two distinct growth hormone cdnas from the goldfish, carassius auratus.	as a first step toward the development of a ribonuclease protection assay for studying the regulation of growth hormone (gh) gene expression in pituitary cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus, we report the isolation of two cdna clones encoding goldfish gh from a cdna library prepared from pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the complete nucleotide sequences of these two gh cdna clones have been determined and both of them were predicted to encode a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putativ ...	1996	8651695
characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the goldfish,carassius auratus: effects of hypophysectomy and hormone injection.	a recombinant carp growth hormone (rcgh) was used to develop for a gh radioreceptor binding assay in the goldfish (carassius auratus). specific binding of(125)i-rcgh to goldfish liver membranes was a ph, time, temperature, and membrane protein dependent process. scatchard and ligand analysis indicated a single class of high affinity and low capacity binding site, with an association constant (ka) of 1.9×10(10) m(-1) and a maximum binding capacity (bmax) of 9 fmol mg(-1) protein. liver tissue dis ...	1996	24194089
identification and characterization of maturation-promoting factor from catfish,clarias batrachus.	maturation-promoting factor (mpf) extracted from maturing oocytes of catfishes (clarias batrachus andheteropneustes fossilis) and carp (labeo rohita) induces 100% germinal vesicle breakdown (gvbd) when microinjected intoclarias immature unstimulated oocytes. the presence of a similar mpf activity has also been demonstrated in the active fractions collected after superose 12. sds-page analyses of cytosolic extracts (ce) prepared from immature and mature oocytes revealed the presence of 34- and 46 ...	1996	24194144
acute effect of organotin compounds to red sea bream and red carp using biological parameters.		1996	8661861
hypolipidaemic foods in china.	with the changes in dietary pattern in china, in recent years, hyperlipidaemia has become an important problem in the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases, especially the cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases. from studies on laboratory animals and people with hyperlipidaemia, a number of hypolipidaemic foods and beverages have been identified, of relevance to traditional chinese food culture. their absence from the diet may, in part account for the increasing prevalence of hyperlipidaemia i ...	1996	24394619
amplification, cloning, and sequence comparison of the growth hormone gene for carp (cyprinus carpio) by the polymerase chain reaction.	total rna was isolated from carp pituitary gland. the first strand cdna was synthesized using oligo(dt) 12-18 as a primer, the total rna as a template, and amv reverse transcriptase. next the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed using the first strand cdna as a template, the synthetic 29 oligonucleotides as primer and taq dna polymerase (94 degrees c, 60 s; 55 degrees c, 30 s; 72 degrees c, 50 s; 35 cycles). after pcr amplification, the products were cloned into an e. coli expression ve ...	1996	9093758
vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties.	we have isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cdna library a clone coding for vimentin. the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. in addition, in the more diverged non-helical ...	1996	8907703
comparison of the activity of carp and rat beta-actin gene regulatory sequences in tilapia and rainbow trout embryos.	a comparative study on the level of expression of lacz reporter constructs driven by equivalent carp and rat beta-actin regulatory sequences was carried out in embryos of tilapia and rainbow trout. dna was microinjected into fertilised tilapia and rainbow trout eggs and the embryos/fry were assayed at various developmental stages for beta-galactosidase expression. we provide evidence to demonstrate that the carp beta-actin promoter/ lacz reporter gene is expressed at higher levels than the equiv ...	1996	8914067
the adenohypophysis of the swamp eel, synbranchus marmoratus, an immunocytochemical analysis.	the adenohypophyseal cell types of the protogynous fish synbranchus marmoratus were studied by histochemical and immunocytochemical staining with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones to ascertain their distribution. the prolactin (prl) cells were distributed in the rostral pars distalis and showed specific binding to antisera to carp and chum salmon prolactin. no reaction was observed with antiserum to human prolactin. the corticotrops showed strong immunoreactivity with ...	1996	8916462
primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells from estradiol-pretreated female silver eels (anguilla anguilla l.): immunocytochemical characterization of gonadotropic cells and stimulation of gonadotropin release.	to analyze the multihormonal control mechanisms of gth secretion in the eel, primary culture of pituitary cells from control or estradiol-treated female silver eels, a treatment known to stimulate in vivo gth synthesis, was developed. dispersed eel pituitary cells obtained by enzymatic (trypsin/dnase) and mechanical dispersion were cultured in earles m199, at 18 degrees. immunoreactive gth (ir-gth) cells were characterized by the immunoperoxidase method, using antiserum to carp gth beta subunit. ...	1996	8921361
protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates against edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates orally administered to carp, cyprinus carpio l. was investigated using a virulent strain of gram-negative edwardsiella tarda isolated from an infected fish. lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate was prepared through controlled maillard reaction. lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared through base-catalyzed ester exchange using n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid. the conjugates provided substantial pro ...	1996	8925907
[detection of the spring viremia of carp virus by hybridization with nonradioactive dna probes].	in order to detect spring viraemia of carp virus, dna probes have been constructed using reverse transcription-pcr amplification technique and cdna cloning in plasmid and phage vectors. the sensitivity and specificity of viral rna detection was assessed using nonradioactive probes in infected fhm cell culture and in tissues from dead fish. viral rna was more frequently detected in the brain and gill than in the abdominal organs.	1996	8927059
characterization of isogenic carp (cyprinus carpio l.) lines with a genetically determined high or low antibody production.	antibody production to dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh) served as the immune parameter to divergently select carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to produce high- and low-responder f1 hybrid lines. antibody production to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (tnp-lps) and to dnp-klh were similar in magnitude. by contrast, some high-responder lines were low responders to dnp-human serum albumin, and vice versa. low-responder carp were relatively susceptible to infection with the parasite trypa ...	1996	8930071
fish biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence: comparison with hplc-fluorescent detection.	fixed wavelength fluorescence (ff) was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (hplc-f) as an estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) exposure to fish. two excitation/emission wavelength pairs were used to measure naphthalene- and benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p)-type metabolites. early nonmetabolite fluorescent peaks were negligible in hplc chromatograms of bile of brown bullhead, white sucker, and common carp. linear regression analysis of ff and hplc-f ...	1996	8930501
a radioimmunoassay for african catfish growth hormone: validation and effects of substances modulating the release of growth hormone.	a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring plasma growth hormone (gh) concentrations in the african catfish (clarias gariepinus). the lower detection limit of the assay was 0.1 ng/ml and the standard curve had an ed50 value of 0.5 ng/ml. the validity of the assay was established and the effects of several neurotransmitters on the release of gh were examined. in vitro experiments, using a static culture system for dispersed pituitary cells, demonstrated that the gh relea ...	1996	8930605
production of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-ii in the development of a radioimmunoassay in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) cdna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and cloned into an expression vector (parhs3) for production by escherichia coli. recombinant rainbow trout igf-ii (rtigf-ii) was recovered from bacterial inclusion bodies, solubilized, and purified by gel filtration chromatography under reducing conditions. after refolding of the peptide by dialysis at basic ph, we obtained a final yield of 820 microgr ...	1996	8930606
comparative effects of diverse vertebrate gonadotropins on estradiol-17 beta formation in vitro in an immature rat sertoli cell bioassay.	the biopotencies of pituitary gonadotropins (gths) from various vertebrate classes were examined in an in vitro rat sertoli cell bioassay which was previously established for mammalian follicle-stimulating hormones (fshs). potencies of the gonadotropins were determined by incubation of sertoli cells obtained from 10-day-old rats, with increasing doses of gths, which resulted in dose-related and parallel estradiol-17 beta formation converted from added 19-hydroxy-androstenedione. in general, mamm ...	1996	8930616
effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. i. effects on health of adult hens, egg production, and fertility.	this study was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), contained in great lakes fish by the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus). in this article we report the results of feeding white leghorn hens for a period of 8 wk diets that contained 31-35% ocean fish and/or carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, which provided 0.3 (control), 0.8 (low-dose group), or 6.6 (high-dose group) mg pcb/kg ...	1996	8931740
effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, to laying white leghorn hens. ii. embryotoxic and teratogenic effects.	carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, mi, was fed to white leghorn chickens for a period of 8 wk. the diets contained 0.3 (control; 0% carp), 0.8 (3.4% carp), and 6.6 (35% carp) mg polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)/kg diet, by wet weight (ww). these concentrations corresponded to 3.3, 26, and 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) equivalents/g diet ww, respectively. though the diets were not acutely toxic to the adult laying hens, dose- and time-dependent responses were observed in the em ...	1996	8931741
two amino acid residues in the iiis5 segment of l-type calcium channels differentially contribute to 1,4-dihydropyridine sensitivity.	the transmembrane segment iiis5 of the l-type calcium channel alpha1 subunit participates in the formation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (dhp) interaction domain (grabner, m., wang, z., hering, s., striessnig, j., and glossmann, h. (1996) neuron 16, 207-218). we applied mutational analysis to identify amino acid residues within this segment that contribute to dhp sensitivity. dhp agonist and antagonist modulation of ba2+ inward currents was assessed after coexpression of chimeric and mutant calcium ...	1996	8939992
carp cdna sequence encoding a putative diazepam-binding inhibitor/endozepine/acyl-coa-binding protein.	a full-length cdna coding for common carp diazepam-binding inhibitor (dbi)/endozepine (ep)/acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp) was isolated and sequenced. the deduced dbi/ep/acbp is comprised of 87 amino acids (including initiating methionine) without possessing a signal peptide. common carp dbi/ep/acbp displays 77%, 78%, 70%, 63%, 61% and 45% identity with human, bovine, rat, frog, duck and yeast dbi/ep/acbp, respectively.	1996	8948484
ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced changes in skinned cardiac muscle fibers of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	ca2+ sensitivity and caffeine-induced sensitivity changes in skinned carp heart fibers were compared with those of guinea pig and rat heart. the ca2+ concentration-response curves of saponin-treated left atrial skinned fibers obtained from guinea pig and rat were almost identical. doses of 5 and 20 mmol.l-1 caffeine shifted this curve to the left. however, when a relatively high concentration (50 mmol.l-1) of caffeine was used, the left-ward shift was reduced. caffeine reduced the peak of the ca ...	1996	8956502
de novo balanced translocation (6;18)(q21;q21.3 or q22) [corrected] in a patient with heterotaxia.	we report on a sporadic case of heterotaxia with a de novo chromosome structural abnormality. the patient had inversely located heart (dextrocardia), stomach, duodenum, and cecum. in addition, she had cerebral atrophy, hypertelorism with telecanthus, infraorbital skin furrows, ear-lobe grooves, prominent maxilla and teeth, large carp mouth, short fifth fingers with limited flexion, generalized hypotonicity, and severe psychomotor retardation. high-resolution chromosome banding analysis demonstra ...	1996	8958327
purification and characterization of the eighth and ninth components of carp complement.	complement components corresponding to mammalian c8 and c9 were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) serum. carp c8 (m(r) 146,000) proved to be a gamma-globulin composed of three polypeptide chains (alpha-chain, m(r) 62,000; beta-chain, m(r) 62,000; gamma-chain, m(r) 22,000). the alpha-chain was disulfide-linked to the gamma-chain and the beta-chain was non-covalently associated with the alpha-gamma chain, in fair agreement with mammalian c8. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the t ...	1996	8960116
terminal components of carp complement constituting a membrane attack complex.	the membrane attack complex (mac) of carp complement was extracted with deoxycholate from rabbit erythrocytes lysed by carp serum and purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure. on two-dimensional sds-page of carp mac, eight bands were detected. the band of m(r) 91,000 was identified as carp c9 by western blotting using anti-carp c9, and two bands of m(r) 62,000 and one band of m(r) 22,000 were confirmed as those of carp c8 alpha, c8 beta and c8 gamma, respectively, by their n-terminal ami ...	1996	8960117
proliferation of pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio induced by extracts of bothriocephalus acheilognathi.	the interaction between bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda) and pronephric lymphocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l. was studied by examining proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from both naïve fish and fish injected intraperitoneally with cestode extract. lymphocytes from naïve hosts were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of the extract depending upon the extract protein concentrations; lower concentrations (0.01-0.05 microgram/ml) induced the greatest response, and i ...	1996	8960208
two point mutations convert a catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) to an active enzyme.	a murine carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. the polypeptide chain consists of 290 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 32,950 da. by introducing two mutations, arg117 --> his and glu115 --> gln, we created a metal-binding center homologous to that in the carbonic anhydrases from the animal kingdom. in contrast to unmodified carp, this double mutant was isolated as a 1:1 zinc-protein complex. whi ...	1996	8977131
adherence of carp leucocytes to adults and cercariae of the blood fluke sanguinicola inermis.	live adult and cercarial stages of sanguinicola inermis plehn, 1905 (trematoda:sanguinicolidae) were maintained in vitro in the presence of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leucocytes. cells and parasites were fixed at intervals from 0.25 to 48 h and examined using light microscopy, sem and tem. within 12 h of exposure, leucocytes were found attached to cercariae although, by 24 h, fewer cells were found attached to postcercarial, juvenile adult stages that had shed their tails. neutrophils and macroph ...	1996	8991915
spermatozoa: models for studying regulatory aspects of energy metabolism.	spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and they offer advantages for studying several basic aspects of metabolic control such as the role of adenosine triphosphate-(atp)-homeostasis for cell function, the mechanisms of fatigue and metabolic depression, the metabolic channelling through the cytoplasm and the organization and regulation of glycolytic enzymes. spermatozoa of four species with different reproductive modes are introduced and the first results are presented: spermatozoa of the mari ...	1996	8641386
the characterisation of the 5' regulatory region of a temperature-induced myosin-heavy-chain gene associated with myotomal muscle growth in the carp.	we have isolated and characterised the 5' region of a member of the carp myosin heavy chain gene family. expression of this gene has previously been shown to be induced by an increase in environmental temperature and is restricted to the small-diameter white myotomal muscle fibres which are associated with growth. the whole isoform gene, including potential regulatory sequence 5' to the transcription start site and the 3' untranslated region was cloned in a lambda2001 bacteriophage vector. studi ...	1996	8665910
in vitro polarization of carp leucocytes in response to the blood fluke sanguinicola inermis plehn, 1905 (trematoda: sanguinicolidae).	an in vitro assay was used to determine the effects of sanguinicola inermis adults and cercariae on the polarization responses of pronephric leucocytes of carp. leucocytes were isolated and exposed to live adult flukes or cercariae for up to 48 h. differences in polarization responses were related to the presence of the parasite, the presence or absence of carp serum and the time of incubation. the mean proportions of cells exhibiting polarization in unstimulated controls ranged from 5 to 30% ov ...	1996	8677139
a tgacg motif mediates growth-hormone factor-1/pituitary-transcriptional-activator-1-dependent camp regulation of the rainbow trout growth-hormone promoter.	the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the rainbow trout growth hormone (tgh) gene promoter by the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1 (growth hormone factor 1), also called pit1 (pituitary transcriptional activator 1), and camp have been investigated in mammalian and fish cells. the -340 to +24 5'-flanking fegion of the tgh gene focused to the luciferase gene was activated in rat pituitary gc cells and in hela cells cotransfected with an effector plasmid encoding rat ghfi. gc cel ...	1996	8706656
effects of microcystin-lr on the partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump of the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo).	several partial reactions of the na(+)-k+ pump enzyme were studied in a microsomal fraction derived from the gill of carp (cyprinus carpio linneo). we tested the effect of three toxins [(i) microcystin-lr, (ii) microcystin-lr-like toxin component isolated from microcystis aeruginosa culture and (iii) okadaic acid] on the phosphorylation, ouabain binding and atpase activity of the na(+)-k+ pump. the k(+)-dependent hydrolysis of the na(+)-dependent phosphorylation of na(+)-k+ pump, as well the rel ...	1996	8735244
identifiable achatina giant neurones: their localizations in ganglia, axonal pathways and pharmacological features.	1. an african giant snail (achatina fulica férussac), originally from east africa, is now found abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, including okinawa in japan. this is one of the largest land snail species in the world. the achatina central nervous system is composed of the buccal, cerebral and suboesophageal ganglia. the 37 giant neurones were identified in these ganglia by the series of studies conducted over about 20 years. the identifications were made by the localization ...	1996	8742492
identification of pk-a phosphorylation sites in the carboxyl terminus of l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits.	full length l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunits are rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pk-a) in vitro and in vivo at sites located in their long carboxyl terminal tails. in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain the majority of biochemically isolated alpha 1 subunits lacks these phosphorylation sites due to posttranslational proteolytic processing. truncation may therefore modify the regulation of channel activity by pk-a. we combined site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression ...	1996	8755718
an isothermal induction of delta 9-desaturase in cultured carp hepatocytes.	cold exposure of carp leads to the induced activity of the hepatic delta 9-desaturase (schünke, m. and wodtke, e. (1983) biochim. biophys. acta 734, 70-75). we have investigated the controlled expression of this enzyme using isolated carp hepatocytes. culture at 30 degrees c, of cells isolated from 30 degrees c-acclimated carp. resulted in an 8-13-fold increase in desaturase-specific activity over 4 days, whilst another enzyme of intermediary metabolism, glucose-6-phosphatase, decreased by more ...	1996	8765141
estimation of essential fatty acid requirements of common carp larvae using semi-purified artificial diets.	two trials were conducted with duplicate groups of (first feeding) carp larvae fed artificial dry diets based on casein and dextrin over 21 or 25 days. one control diet based on yeast was also tested. survival, growth and fatty acid profiles of larvae were studied. in trial 1, (n-3) fatty acid requirement was estimated using diets supplemented or not with methyl linolenate or cod liver oil. after 21 days, the best survival and growth were observed in larvae fed the unsupplemented diet [(n-3) fat ...	1996	8766972
influence of dietary fatty acid composition and vitamin e on fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	this paper examines the effect of different fatty acid composition, together with varying dietary vitamin e contents on fatty acid composition and tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of carp, and compares with other species of fish and the storage quality of the fish produced. dietary fatty acid composition affected fatty acid patterns of tissues of carp significantly, but this was correlated with the fat content of the diet. varying the vitamin e content results in no or only very slight variat ...	1996	8766975
dietary effects on fatty acid metabolism of common carp.	the paper summarises experimental data demonstrating effects of various dietary factors exerting changes in the fatty acid composition and fatty acid metabolism of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). among the dietary factors (1) supplementary feeding in fish ponds, (2) absence of essential fatty acids (efa) in the diet, (3) starvation, and (4) ration level were studied. it was concluded that supplementary feeding in carp rearing ponds is frequently excessive in the hungarian carp culture prac ...	1996	8766976
protein sparing effect and nutritive significance of lipid supplementation in carp diets.	although carp is in a position to utilize carbohydrates efficiently, lipids are an important energy source in carp diets. in general fat-enriched high-energy diets result in rapid growth and favourable feed conversion. many authors emphasize the protein-sparing effect of lipid supplementation in carp diets. for efficient protein-utilization an optimal protein/energy ratio in feed is necessary. good results may be obtained with diets containing 30-50% high-quality protein, > 14 mj digestible ener ...	1996	8766977
antibody against pulmonary surfactant protein a recognizes proteins in intestine and swim bladder of the freshwater fish, carp.	an antibody raised against rat pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a) bound on western blots to proteins present in intestinal mucosa and in swim bladder, but not in gills of the carp. the fish protein(s) revealed by the antibody exhibited an electrophoretical behavior similar to that of rat sp-a with a characteristic triplet in the 30- to 35-kda range. it therefore appears that proteins immunologically very close to mammalian sp-a are present in modern fish which evolved from ancestors that neve ...	1996	8780709
corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) receptors in the mesenteric small arteries of rats resemble the (2)-subtype.	the potencies of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) agonistic peptides ocrh, h/rcrh, frog sauvagine, and carp urotensin i and of the antagonistic peptide alpha-helical crh9-41 were compared in 3 different in vitro assays: (a) receptor binding to rat brain membranes; (b) release of acth/beta-endorphin from rat pituitary cells; and (c) relaxation of rat mesenteric small arteries. from their potency profiles, especially from the high potency of sauvagine relative to crh in the relaxation ass ...	1996	8781499
fast neutralization/immunoperoxidase assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia with anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody.	an enzyme-immunohistochemical procedure was employed to facilitate neutralization/diagnostic tests for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a significant pathogen in trout farms throughout europe. the method described can be used for trout or mice antibodies; increases speed (1 day), simplicity, and minimizes the use of reagents compared to other neutralization assays. furthermore, the test requires a minimum handling of the cell cultures under sterile conditions, decreasing frequent con ...	1996	8783145
vertebrate heart development.	this review summarizes recent studies of the cellular and molecular events involved in the determination and differentiation of cardiac myocytes in vertebrate embryos. fate-mapping studies in mouse, chick, amphibian and zebrafish embryos suggest that cardiac muscle precursors are specified shortly before or at the time of gastrulation. nuclear factors, such as dhand, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, gata-6, nkx-2.3, growth arrest homeobox (gax) and cardiac adriamycin responsive protein (carp), which h ...	1996	8791539
multiple regulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes by serum factors: influence of infection with atypical aeromonas salmonicida.	normal carp serum contains inhibitory and stimulatory factors for macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte respiratory burst activity. as stimulatory factors were only effective in combination with phorbol myristate actetate (pma) activation, it is concluded that they are probably linked to protein kinase c activation. both the stimulatory and inhibitory factors are heat stable. macrophage- and neutrophilic granulocyte-enriched cell fractions from the pronephros of carp had high respiratory burst ...	1996	8797288
inhibition of cytotoxic activity of carp lymphocytes (cyprinus carpio) by anti-thymocyte monoclonal antibodies.	a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against carp thymocytes and carp immunoglobulin (igm). anti-thymocyte mabs reacted with thymocytes, head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) at various proportions. anti-igm antibody reacted with hkl and pbl but not with thymocytes. pbl from carp immunized with xenogeneic mouse myeloma cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against target cells but pbl from unimmunized fish showed weak cytotoxicity. treatment ...	1996	8797290
characterization and ion channel activities of novel antibacterial proteins from the skin mucosa of carp (cyprinus carpio).	a detergent-solubilized fraction of skin mucus of carp (cyprinus carpio) induced ion channels after reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers. a differential extraction using a non-ionic detergent followed by electrophoretic separation led to the isolation of two hydrophobic 31-kda and 27-kda proteins. in contrast to the 27-kda protein, which was glycosylated, the 31-kda did not bind to concanavalin a. the reconstitution of these proteins into a planar lipid bilayer restored the ionophore behavi ...	1996	8797847
development of a radioimmunoassay for european eel growth hormone and application to the study of silvering and experimental fasting.	a specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay for eel (anguilla anguilla l.) growth hormone (anggh) has been developed. the antiserum, raised against purified anggh and used at 1:20,000 final dilution, did not cross-react with eel prolactin or thyrotropin, carp gonadotropin ii, bovine gh, or serum from hypophysectornized eel. the inhibition curves for eel pituitary extracts and serum were parallel to that of anggh standard. the ed50 value was between 1 and 2 ng/tube and the recovery of pu ...	1996	8804566
the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses.	the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ...	1996	8806175
a highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic dna of the medaka (oryzias latipes).	a highly repetitive interspersed dna sequence (mre) was isolated from the genome of medaka, oryzias latipes, and characterized. three distinct sequences of mre were cloned and compared. the conserved sequences of mre were approximately 220 bp in length. on average, one copy of mre was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of mre in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. mre constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. mre-related sequences were not detected in carp (cy ...	1996	8817927
purification and molecular cloning of carp ovarian cystatin.	the ovarian fluid of carp consists of many components. using the antiserum against carp serum, western blot analysis of ovarian fluid was done in order to distinguish substances synthesized by the ovary from those derived from the serum. several ovary-specific substances were detected including a protein of 12 kda (p12), which was purified to homogeneity. purified p12 displays a single band in sds-page under nonreducing condition and it can inhibit the enzymatic activity of papain with an appare ...	1996	8829807
lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in bird, carp and mammalian sera.	isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27) in avian sera are described and compared with those of carp and some mammals. the predominant portion of lactate dehydrogenase in avian sera was concentrated in the muscular form of the enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase 5). most mammalian sera (with the exception of rat serum) showed a different pattern, in which the main portion of lactate dehydrogenase activity migrated in the first three anodic fractions. fish serum lactate dehydrogenase i ...	1996	8833639
characterization of gamma-crystallin from the eye lens of bullfrog: complexity of gamma-crystallin multigene family as revealed by sequence comparison among different amphibian species.	gamma-crystallin is the major and most abundant lens protein present in the eye lens of lower vertebrates such as amphibian and piscine species. to facilitate structural characterization of gamma-crystallins isolated from the lens of the bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), a cdna mixture was synthesized from the poly(a)+mrna isolated from fresh eye lenses. cdna encoding gamma-crystallin was then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on two primers designed according to the relatively co ...	1996	8838595
immunogenetics of disease resistance in fish: a comparative approach.	the study of the genetic regulation of infectious disease resistance depends on the availability of inbred lines or selection lines of the species under investigation. the small numbers of such lines of fish has limited the strategy in teleosts to studies of associations between disease and immune/health traits. attempts to correlate genetic differences in immune responsiveness with survival after experimental challenge with pathogenic bacteria have failed to define immune parameters that can su ...	1996	9040980
growth hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus.	using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), the distribution of immunoreactive (ir) structures in the brain, pituitary, and pineal of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was investigated. the antisera were produced in rabbits by administration of cghrh(1-44)-nh(2) followed by cghrh(1-45)-oh for different periods of time, both coupled to human alpha-globulins via bisdiazotized benzidine as immunogen. immunoreactive perikarya were visualized in the nucleus preopticu ...	1996	8998965
insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in fish brain.	we investigated insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptor-binding and receptor intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the brain of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (salmo trutta fario). glycoprotein fractions of semi-purified receptors were prepared by wga-agarose affinity chromatography. insulin receptors were found in the brains of both fish species investigated. carp and trout brain preparations bound, respectively (per 50 micrograms glycoprotein), with 6.0 +/- 1.5% and 8.0 +/- ...	1996	8852819
molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp zp3 gene.	two types of cdnas coding for a major component of carp egg membrane were clones from a carp ovarian cdna library. they encode polypeptides of 422-424 amino acid residues whose sequences are homologous to those of medaka and mammalian zp3. similar to the mammalian zp3 genes, carp zp3 gene also consists of eight exons and seven introns. carp zp3 genes are 2.9 kb in length and present in multiple forms. carp zp3 is a glycoprotein of 45 kda. it was transcribed and translated exclusively in oocytes, ...	1996	8858599
expression, characterization, and genomic structure of carp jak1 kinase gene.	a 3.7-kb cdna encodes the carp jak1 kinase of 1,156 amino acid residues. the overall amino acid sequence identity between carp jak1 and murine jak1, jak2, jak3, and human tyk2 is 57%, 35.5%, 31.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. in addition, carp jak1 shows higher sequence homology to mammalian jak1 in both the kinase-like (jh2) and kinase (jh1) domains (approximately 70% identity). therefore, carp jak1 is a homolog of mammalian jak1. to investigate the possible function of jh2 domain, full-length, an ...	1996	8892755
involvement of phospholipid molecular species in controlling structural order of vertebrate brain synaptic membranes during thermal evolution.	fluorescence anisotropy parameter of [p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl]phenyl-propionic acid (dph-pa) and 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (tma-dph) embedded in synaptic plasma membranes prepared from brains of cold (5 degrees c) and warm (22 degrees c) adapted fish (cyprinus carpio l.), rat (rattus norvegicus) and bird (branta canadensis), was studied. fatty acid composition of total lipids as well as molecular species composition of diacyl phosphatidylcholines and phosphat ...	1996	8898303
a collagenolytic streptomycete.	a soil streptomycete (streptomyces sp. a11) degraded collagen isolated from bovine achilles tendon, calf skin, human placenta, carp swim bladder and rat tail tendon and released appreciable quantities of hydroxyproline. it also degraded hide powder and vegetable tanned leather. the organism was taxonomically characterized, compared with allied species, identified and designated as streptomyces wartii.	1996	9055634
[a novel conservative structure found in the carp mitochondrial trna(phe) gene].	a nucleotide sequence for the trna(phe) gene of carp mitochondria was determined. sequence data comparisons made among the whale, human, xenopus laevis, bovine, mouse, chicken and carp, showed that a novel conservative structure was found in the d. stem (dihydrouridine stem), which was known had variant nucleotides in any other vertebrate mitochondrial trna and cytoplasmic trna genes. this conservative structures contains 13 bp. when we compared the front 7 bp of the conservative structure with ...	1996	9639812
[blocking effects of benzyltetrahydropalmatine on delayed rectified k+ currents expressed in xenopus oocytes and in toad oocytes].	the effects of benzyltetrahydropalmatine (bthp) on delayed rectified k+ currents (ik) expressed in xenopus oocytes and ik of toad (bufo bufo gargarizans) oocytes were studied. the ik expressed in xenopus oocytes was measured after microinjection of mrna isolated from carp fish (c anratus l.) brains with double -microelectrode voltage clamp technique. the maximum and mean value of ik expressed in xenopus oocytes were 600 na and 360 +/- 104 na, respectively. bthp reduced the current amplitude of i ...	1996	9863258
binding sites for melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) in brain synaptosomes and membranes from peripheral tissues identified with highly tritiated mch.	melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a neuropeptide occurring in the brain of all vertebrate species. in chromatophores of teleost fishes it induces pigment granule aggregation. in mammals, however, its physiological function is not yet clear. attempts to identify the site(s) of its action by binding analysis failed because radioiodinated mch with the natural sequence was devoid of biological activity. we have now synthesized an analogue of rat/human mch, [pra4,8,12,19]-mch, containing four l- ...	1995	8903959
distribution of pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 proteins in the peripheral nervous system.	various mutations of po, pasii/pmp22 and connexin 32 genes were recently reported in hereditary neuropathies, such as charcot-marie-tooth disease (cmt) and dejerine sottas disease (ds). however, physiological roles of the proteins in pns are not well understood. to address the functions of the proteins, we examined their localization in pns comparatively by immunohistochemical methods. in western blotting, a polyclonal antibody against the carboxyl terminal peptide of pasii/pmp22 reacted to 20-2 ...	1995	8845738
structural modifications of non-mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) isoforms: design of novel gnrh analogues.	three natural forms of vertebrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) provided the structural basis upon which to design new gnrh agonists: [his5,trp7,leu8]-gnrh, dogfish (df) gnrh; [his5,asn8]-gnrh, catfish (cf) gnrh; and [his5,trp7,tyr8]-gnrh, chicken (c) gnrh-ii. the synthetic peptides incorporated the position 6 dextro (d)-isomers d-arginine (d-arg) or d-naphthylalanine (d-nal) in combination with an ethylamide substitution of position 10. the in vitro potencies for lh and fsh release of t ...	1995	8746537
an aquatic toxicological evaluation of fenthion in the context of finch control in south africa.	queletox, containing fenthion as active ingredient, is the avicide formulation used in south africa to control red-billed finches (quelea quelea). control measures involve night spraying of roosting areas with a light aircraft. since roosting areas often include reedbeds along riversides and on islands, proper control is difficult without exposing the aquatic environment to some risk of contamination. this study tested the acute effects of fenthion, in association with the queletox formulation, ...	1995	8521783
localization, trafficking, and temperature-dependence of the aequorea green fluorescent protein in cultured vertebrate cells.	the localization, trafficking, and fluorescence of aequorea green fluorescent protein (gfp) in cultured vertebrate cells transiently transfected with gfp cdna were studied. fluorescence of gfp in uv light was found to be strongest when cells were incubated at 30 degrees c but was barely visible at an incubation temperature of 37 degrees c. cos-1 cells, primary chicken embryonic retina cells, and carp epithelial cells were fluorescently labeled under these conditions. gfp was distributed uniforml ...	1995	8524871
genetic variation in susceptibility to trypanoplasma borreli infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	gynogenetic reproduction of homozygous females, or crossbreeding two homozygous animals, results in fish lines without genetic variation. hybrid crosses are expected to express a more stable development than homozygous lines, the latter may have an important value for gaining insight into genetic components of host resistance to parasite infection. we examined the antibody response of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to infection with trypanoplasma borreli. outbred carp responded with a production of s ...	1995	8533293
evidence that the inhibitory effects of stress on reproduction in teleost fish are not mediated by the action of cortisol on ovarian steroidogenesis.	ovarian follicles of goldfish, common carp, and the sparid pagrus auratus (new zealand snapper) were incubated in vitro to assess the effects of cortisol (f) on ovarian steroidogenesis. unstimulated goldfish follicles produced little testosterone (t) or 17 beta-estradiol (e2), whereas both carp and snapper follicles spontaneously produced e2 and to a lesser extent t. goldfish follicles produced increased amounts of e2 in response to treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), whereas carp ...	1995	8536936
somatostatin-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and granulin-like peptides isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish, carassius auratus.	three new peptides were originally isolated from intestinal extracts of goldfish. they were structurally related with somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and granulin (grn) and thus termed goldfish somatostatin (gss-28), gvip, and ggrn, respectively. the primary structures of these peptides were determined as: svessnhlpa 10rerkagcknf20ywkgftsc for the gss-28; hsdavftdny10sryrkqmaak20kylnsvla-nh2 for the gvip, and vihcdsstic10 pdgttcclsp20ygvwyccpfs30mgqccrdgih40ccrhgyhcds50tsthclr ...	1995	8536941
investigations into the ubiquitous nature of high or low immune responsiveness after divergent selection for antibody production in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	this paper reports on the selection of individual carp with a high or low antibody response, in combination with reproduction by gynogenesis, in order to develop well-characterised inbred carp lines consisting of practically unlimited numbers of carp with the same genotype. two homozygous progenies, previously characterised as having a high or low immune response to dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh), were immunised with either a t-dependent (dnp-human serum albumin (dnp-hsa)) or ...	1995	8578693
eighteen years of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in france.	viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) has been considered for many years to be a major cause of loss in the french trout industry. the high prevalence of vhs in certain geographic areas made a control strategy based on control policy unfeasible. this provided the impetus for immunoprophylaxis development that resulted in 3 successive types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. when delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the 2 propiolactone-inactivated vhs virus was ...	1995	8581010
comparison of the polymerases (l genes) of spring viremia of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.	we have determined the partial nucleotide sequences of the polymerase genes of the fish rhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). at this point we have deduced the amino acid sequences and analysed the first 1,400 amino acids comprising two thirds of the polymerase genes of svcv and ihnv. we have compared sequence similarities of svcv and ihnv polymerases with other rhabdovirus and paramyxovirus polymerases. the svcv polymerase showed ...	1995	8581012
detection of spring viremia of carp virus by hybridization with biotinylated dna probes.		1995	8581035
the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna genome of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the rainbow trout, onchorynchus mykiss, has been determined. the total length of the molecule is 16,660 bp. the rainbow trout mitochondrial dna has the same organization described in eutherian mammals, the clawed frog (xenopus laevis), and the two fish species, oriental stream loach (crossotoma lacustre) and carp (cyprinus carpio). alignment and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13 proteins encoded by rainbow trout ...	1995	8587139
[light and electron microscopic studies on the sporogenesis of sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of carp (cyprinus carpio)].	the sporogenesis of sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of the common carp was investigated by light- and electron microscopy. whereas pseudoplasmodia were not identified, the development from one secondary cell containing two tertiary cells to the mature spore was pursued. monosporic sporoblasts surrounded by an envelope cell were observed lying isolated in the host tissue. sporoblast generative cells differentiated into two capsulogenic cells, two mononucleate sporoplasms and two valvoge ...	1995	8593138
insulin/igf-i binding ratio in skeletal and cardiac muscles of vertebrates: a phylogenetic approach.	insulin and insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) receptor binding and tyrosine kinase activity were characterized in cardiac and skeletal muscles of several vertebrates. specific insulin binding per unit weight of skeletal muscle was clearly higher in pigeon and rat than in ectothermic vertebrates (32 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 2.7%/100 mg initial tissue in pigeon and rat, respectively, vs. 4.4 +/- 0.2%/100 mg in carp samples). insulin binding clearly predominated over igf-i binding in skeletal muscle of en ...	1995	8594939
neutrophilic granulocytes in carp, cyprinus carpio, possess a spontaneous cytotoxic activity.	this study demonstrates for the first time that carp (cyprinus carpio) neutrophilic granulocytes from the head kidney possess potent spontaneous cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines. carp head kidney cells isolated at a density of 1.09 g/ml contained more than 90% neutrophilic granulocytes. these cells were round and approximately 10 millimicrons in diameter with reniform or polymorphic nuclei and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm when stained with giemsa. electron microscopy ...	1995	8617402
ecopathology in aquaculture: risk factors in infectious disease outbreak.	this paper describes a study of the risk factors associated with disease outbreaks in fish species of fish farms and rivers of north-east spain. we focused our work on the isolation of fish pathogens (bacteria, virus), the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological quality) and management characteristics. we have observed 2 important viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis and spring viraemia of carp, and 2 important bacterial ones, furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) and bacteri ...	1995	7711777
hypothalamic and thyroidal regulation of growth hormone in tilapia.	a radioimmunoassay (ria) for recombinant tilapia growth hormone (gh) was established and validated. the ability of various hypothalamic factors to regulate gh secretion in the tilapia hybrid (oreochromis niloticus x oreochromis aureus) was studied. somatostatin1-14 (srif1-14; 10-100 micrograms/kg) was found to reduce circulating gh levels in a dose-dependent manner. srif1-14 (0.1-1000 nm) inhibited gh release from perifused pituitary fragments (ed50 0.83 nm). human growth hormone-releasing hormo ...	1995	7713377
experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish.	in 1984 a disease of fish appeared in israel which spread rapidly in cultured fishponds. the disease affected tilapia (oreochromis aura x oreochromis nilotica hybrids) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). common carp (cyprinus carpus), although reared in community with tilapia were not susceptible to the disease. various species of ornamental cyprinids and cichlids were also affected. morbidity was high and mortality ranged between 50% (in trout) and 30% (in tilapia). clinical and pathological findi ...	1995	7716882
interstitial deletion of 8q21-->22 associated with minor anomalies, congenital heart defect, and dandy-walker variant.	we describe an infant with a deletion of 8q21-->22 who had distinct clinical manifestations including minor facial anomalies, a congenital heart defect, a dandy-walker variant, and mild to moderate developmental delay. her facial characteristics included small, wide-spaced eyes, asymmetric bilateral epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, a "carp-shaped" mouth, micrognathia, and prominent, apparently low-set ears. three other reports describe children with larger proximal deletions of 8q that in ...	1995	7747796
production of a biologically active recombinant teleostean growth hormone in e. coli cells.	we have isolated and characterized several recombinant lambda phage clones carrying growth hormone (gh) cdna of striped bass (morone saxatilis). nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of sbgh was determined from a recombinant clone carrying the longest cdna insert. the sbgh cdna encodes a pre-hormone of 204 amino acid residues. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of sbgh with those of other vertebrates revealed different degrees of sequence identity: approximately ...	1995	7758842
effect of arterially infused catecholamines and insulin on plasma glucose and free fatty acids in carp.	common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), kept at 20 degrees c, were fitted with an indwelling pe-50 cannula in the dorsal aorta. hormones dissolved in ringer saline were arterially infused at a rate of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for epinephrine (epi), 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for norepinephrine (ne), and 1.33 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for insulin. infusion of bovine insulin in carp resulted in a long lasting (24 h) decrease of plasma free fatty acids (ffa; -0.41 +/- 0.06 mm) and glucose levels (-3.14 +/- 0.25 m ...	1995	7771575
abundant insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptor binding in fish skeletal muscle.	insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptors were quantified in glycoprotein fractions prepared by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose affinity chromatography from skeletal muscle of several species of salmonid fish and carp. insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle was lower than insulin binding found in rat. igf-1-specific binding was two- to sixfold higher than insulin binding (16.0 +/- 3.0 versus 5.8 +/- 0.75%/50 micrograms glycoprotein in brown trout, 15.5 +/- 0.9 versus 2.2 +/- 0.5% ...	1995	7781961
effects of prolactin and fish pituitary extract on plasma calcium levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of prolactin (prl) from both mammalian and piscine sources on plasma calcium levels in common carp, cyprinus carpio, were investigated. injections of ovine prolactin (oprl) or homologous fish pituitary extract or partially purified prolactin of murrel, channa punctatus pituitary (mprl), caused significant increases in total and ultrafiltrable plasma calcium. larger hypercalcemic responses were observed in fish kept in high-calcium fresh water and normal tap water than in fish in low- ...	1995	7789747
development of position-independent expression vectors and their transfer into transgenic fish.	many genes have been transferred into fish for scientific and aquacultural purposes. we have been developing expression vectors containing regulatory sequences from the carp beta-actin gene enhancer/promoter for expression of genes or cdnas in transgenic fish. expression from these vectors varies over a 20-fold range in zebrafish, beginning within 12 hours of fertilization and continuing for at least two weeks. expression can be found in nearly all tissues. the vectors have the following charact ...	1995	7749466
immunocytochemical localization of granulin-1 to mononuclear phagocytic cells of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus.	a new class of low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich regulatory growth factors, designated granulins, has been isolated from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (cyprinus carpio) and structurally characterized. granulin-1, the predominant form found in carp spleen, was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and to establish a radioimmunoassay. this permitted preliminary tissue distribution studies of granulin-1 to be undertaken in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus). ...	1995	7829976
two c-myc genes from a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	two c-myc genes have been isolated from a tetraploid fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the nucleotide (nt) sequences of the two genes and their flanking regions (cam1, 8675 bp and cam2, 5784 bp) have been determined. both genes contain two coding exons which are homologs of c-myc exons 2 and 3 in higher vertebrates. the nt sequence homologous to c-myc exon 1 of higher vertebrates has not been found. carp cam1 and cam2 presumably encode peptides of 394 and 401 amino acids (aa), respectivel ...	1995	7875594
the regulatory region and transcription factor required for the expression of rat and salmon pituitary hormone-encoding genes show cell-type and species specificity.	the promoter regions of the genes encoding the rat and chum salmon growth hormones (gh) and rat prolactin (prl) were combined with a reporter gene and introduced into gh- and/or prl-producing cells from rat. the rat gh and prl promoters (pgh and pprl, respectively) were most active in cells producing gh and prl, respectively. the activity of the salmon pgh was much less than that of the rat pgh in rat gh-producing cells. the regulatory region required for cell-type-specific gene expression of pi ...	1995	7875599
temperature acclimation induces light meromyosin isoforms with different primary structures in carp fast skeletal muscle.	carp acclimated to 10 degrees c gave 69k, 66k, and 62kda light meromyosin (lmm) fragments in sds-page, while fish acclimated to 30 degrees c gave 74k, 69k, 66k, and 62kda fragments. the microsequence analysis revealed that the 69k and 66kda components from the 10 degrees c-acclimated carp contained an n-terminal amino acid sequence different from that of 62kda. the four fragments from the 30 degrees c-acclimated carp showed the same sequence as that of the 69k and 66kda components from the 10 de ...	1995	7887920