Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| once daily dosage beta-blockade: antihypertensive efficacy of slow release oxprenolol as related to renin and age. | a single daily dose antihypertensive therapy with a new slow-release (sr) form of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent oxprenolol was as effective as a standard tid beta-blocker regimen in maintaining therapeutic effects over 24 hours. the good overall response rate (target larger than or equal to mmhg diastolic) of 67% was achieved in eight of the 11 high renin patients and 16 out of the 20 normal renin ones; the five low renin patients, who were also older, proved to be non-responsive. in term ... | 2001 | 1071402 |
| [some physiopathological aspects of therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis: treatment with insulin and somatostatin]. | 2001 | 98256 | |
| psychiatry - questions but no answers. | 2001 | 98154 | |
| in utero diagnosis of gaucher disease. | beta-glucosidase activity measured by synthetic substrate at ph 4.6 was low in the cultured amniotic cells from two pregnant women at risk for juvenile and adult type gaucher disease. the diagnosis was confirmed by showing a low activity of beta-glucosidase in the skin fibroblasts with a synthetic substrate or in the spleen with a natural substrate, and by ascertaining the presence of gaucher cells in the fetal tissues. however, considerable activity of beta-glucosidase measured with synthetic s ... | 2001 | 98040 |
| aeg/rdi neutron therapy unit. | 2001 | 96073 | |
| contribution of computed tomography to the treatment of lymphomas. | the effectiveness of computed body tomography (ct) in the workup, treatment planning, and follow-up of 38 patients with hodgkin's disease and 59 with non-hodgkin's lymphoma was analyzed. ct scanning can frequently define lymphoma in the retroperitoneum, and occasionally in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. these data are useful for staging, for radiotherapy treatment planning, and in monitoring response to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. ct was found to be particularly useful in patients ... | 2001 | 97988 |
| gastrointestinal angiographic findings in systemic amyloidosis. | amyloidosis is a multisystem disease process of unknown cause in which characteristically staining protein-polysaccharide material is deposited in body tissues. although gastrointestinal involvement is usually asymptomatic, amyloid infiltration of mesenteric and submucosal vessel walls may be associated with acute or recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with the diagnosis of amyloidosis. angiography in such cases may demonstrate arterial and venous changes as a result of these vascu ... | 2001 | 97966 |
| intercellular contacts in primate cerebral arteries: acute effects of subarachnoid injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluids, serotonin, and blood. | 2001 | 97923 | |
| the foundation for teaching aids at low cost. | 2001 | 94921 | |
| primary radiation therapy for operable carcinoma of the breast. | 2001 | 98851 | |
| prevention through mental health. | 2001 | 98494 | |
| editorial: coronary heart-disease in edinburgh and stockholm. | 2001 | 55656 | |
| sacroiliac strain. | 2001 | 88990 | |
| duodenal tuberculosis. | 2001 | 98019 | |
| psychological troubles at the menopause. | 2001 | 87786 | |
| [electrocardiographic study in leukemic children in relation to the antiblastic therapy]. | 2001 | 95545 | |
| [treatment of delirium tremens with haloperidol (author's transl)]. | 2001 | 98722 | |
| dental offices as a source of controlled substances. | 2001 | 95243 | |
| [hypothyreotic connatal struma after amniofetography (author's transl)]. | it is reported on a newborn suffering from a pronounced hypothyreosis and a big goitre caused by an amniofetography during the 22. week of pregnancy using a hydrous and a oily iodiferous drug. the big goitre impeded the respiration, so that intubation was indicated. after treatment with thyroid hormones for 8 months the goitre decreased. the thyroid hormone-levels and function tests were in normal range after interruption of the thyroid drugs. etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are discus ... | 2001 | 94963 |
| calcium-binding protein of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. i. immunohistochemical localization. | the preparation of a specific antiserum (anti-cabp) against the calcium-binding protein (cabp) of the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) is described. the anti-cabp appeared to be specific for the cabp by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. application of the anti-cabp in immunofluorescence histochemistry revealed that the cabp is present in the cam only at developmental ages corresponding with the expression of the calcium transport function of the membrane. furthermore, the cabp is localize ... | 2001 | 98531 |
| the effect of heat shock on gene expression in drosophila melanogaster. | 2001 | 98271 | |
| visual pattern evoked responses and blink reflexes in assessment of ms diagnosis. a clinical study of 135 multiple sclerosis/pathol. | veps were measured after pattern reversal in 135 ms patients and 30 control subjects. neurological findings were documented in a standard manner. an extensive ophthalmological examination of all subjects was part of the study. the latency of p2 was abnormally delayed in 82% of the "definite", in 60% of the "probable" and in 65% of the "possible" ms groups respectively. the vep was more often delayed in relation to ophthalmological disturbances. changes in the ms classification had to be made in ... | 2001 | 59795 |
| performance of blood-glucose meters. | 2001 | 87872 | |
| results of long-term group psychotherapy with schizophrenics. | 2001 | 98286 | |
| post-traumatic epilepsy. | 2001 | 98198 | |
| monoclonal antibodies for analysis of the hla system. | 2001 | 95015 | |
| the use of balloon-tipped electrodes for permanent cardiac pacing. | a new balloon-tipped ventricular endocardial electrode for permanent artificial cardiac pacing is described. following transvenous insertion of the electrode to the right ventricular apex, the distal balloon is inflated with contrast material in order to wedge the electrode tip between or beneath trabeculae and prevent displacement. fifty-nine electrodes were implanted, including a second generation type incorporating a wedge tip as well as the balloon. the incidence of displacement was 17% with ... | 2001 | 95219 |
| a/jax inbred mice in chemotherapeutic investigations of experimental chagas' disease. | a quick, simple and relatively inexpensive primary screen to test compounds for activity in experimental chagas' disease is described. it involves administration of drug once only at the maximum tolerated dose five minutes after infection to a group of five a/jax inbred mice and the determination of the time to death. the validity of the method was established by the use of standard drugs. high levels of activity were detected with bisquinaldines, arsenobenzenes, 5-nitrofurans and 2-nitroimidazo ... | 2001 | 100065 |
| south australian health workers tour of china, march, 1978. | 2001 | 98145 | |
| [international conference on fire safety in hospitals and nursing homes: 5-minute episodes from fire catastrophes]. | 2001 | 29351 | |
| [new data on glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans]. | the most important investigations on glycose aminoglycans and proteoglycans, carried out within the recent 5-7 years, are reviewed. data on primary structures repeating in glycose aminoglycans and on relationship between these biopolymers and protein components in proteoglycans are considered. newer information on conformational characteristics of glycose aminoglycans, various complexes aggregation of proteoglycans and distribution of the biopolymers in animal tissues and cells is discussed. pro ... | 2001 | 88130 |
| arec report of march--april, 1979. | 2001 | 95320 | |
| the keraton. a biological unit of the epidermis. | the term keraton is proposed to denote that specific subpopulation of epidermal cells that matures to form epidermis and horny layer exclusive of other functional units within the epidermis such as melanocytes, acrosyringium, acrotrichium, langerhans' cells, and nerves. | 2001 | 95081 |
| [preoperative care in orthopedic surgery]. | 2001 | 92580 | |
| a rapid trichrome staining procedure for the identification of tissue types. | 2001 | 88427 | |
| correlation of histology and ultrastructure in pathology specimens. | 2001 | 98630 | |
| correlation of light and scanning electron microscopy a new method for exfoliative cytology. | a method for preparing locator slides for light and scanning electron microscopy has been developed. these slides make possible correlation of light and scanning electron microscopy of individual cells. some examples of the value of this method are given. | 2001 | 58516 |
| staining and destaining polyacrylamide gels: a comparison of coomassie blue and fast green protein dyes. | 2001 | 58568 | |
| [the postnatal ontogeny of gonadal endocrine function in the water vole arvicola terrestris with differing coat colors]. | 2001 | 2193473 | |
| dynamic computed tomography and functional imaging in cerebral arterial occlusive disease: analysis in the chronic phase. | dynamic ct was conducted on 10 patients with internal carotid artery (ica) or middle cerebral artery (mca) occlusion or stenosis and 14 controls. all the patients were chronic phase and they only presented small infarctions on ct. those with ica or mca occlusions and insufficient collateral circulations showed delayed mean transit time and peak time of the affected side on functional image and in parameter analysis (p less than 0.01) compared with those of controls. a statistically significant p ... | 2001 | 1950468 |
| [radioautographic analysis of retinofugal projections in the primitive bony fish polypterus senegalus c]. | retinofugal pathways of polypterus senegalus c. have been examined by means of the radioautographic method. contralaterally the retina projects to the hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum and tectum. an important ipsilateral component has been observed. no retinal projection to the mesencephalic tegmentum has been identified. comparing the primary optic system of polypterus with that of other body fish, indicates that this species possesses a combination of characteristics which are both actinopter ... | 2001 | 95000 |
| [school attendance and developmental pathology in children]. | 2001 | 94988 | |
| epidemiological applications: a case report of a village epidemic of gastroenteritis. | this is a case report of an epidemic of gastroenteritis which was investigated and controlled by epidemiological methods only, before laboratory investigations could be done to confirm the original epidemiological conclusions--from contaminated home made ice-cubes. the case and process are reported in order to encourage similar uses of epidemiology by field public health practitioners, especially within the district or primary health care systems and particularly in places where laboratory suppo ... | 2001 | 12017811 |
| death from multi-resistant shigellosis in fiji islands. | death from shigellosis is rare in developed countries, however it causes over a million deaths in developing countries worldwide annually. death from shigellosis is rare in fiji. however, the global problem of emerging multidrug resistance raises some issues about the management of shigellosis in this country. within fiji, shigella is a notifiable disease. the fiji ministry of health recorded 68 cases of shigella in 1996, 173 cases in 1997 and 334 cases in 1998 (no data available for 1999). ther ... | 2001 | 12017845 |
| [investigation of a shigellosis outbreak in a rural zone of senegal]. | the investigation of this outbreak took place in niakhar (ird project study area), a rural area located 150 km east of dakar. covering 30 villages, with a population of about 30,000 inhabitants, the area has been under demographic and epidemiological surveillance. in 1999, the surveillance allowed 973 cases of shigellosis to be recorded out of 1,751 cases of dysenteric diarrhoeas. the outbreak reached a peak during the raining season (73% of the cases in september and october). all the villages ... | 2001 | 11861195 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid derivatives. | ethyl 5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetate (2), 5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid hydrazide (3) and a series of new n-alkylidene/arylidene-5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid hydrazides (4a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538. staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 4352, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 1539, escherichia coli atcc 8739, shige ... | 2001 | 11829115 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some 2-[[alpha-(4-substituted benzoyloxy)-alpha-phenylacetyl or methylacetyl]amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. | in this study, a new series of 1-[[alpha-(4-substitutedbenzoyloxy)-alpha-phenylacetyl or methylacetyl]amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were obtained by condensation of 2-[(alpha-chloro-alpha-phenylacetyl or alpha-bromopropionyl)amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3,4-oxadiazoles with sodium salts of 4-substituted benzoic acids. structures of the compounds were assigned on the basis of spectral data (uv, ir, 1h nmr, el ms) and elemental analyses. the antibacterial activities of the novel comp ... | 2001 | 11829119 |
| protective role of human lactoferrin against invasion of shigella flexneri m90t. | lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in human mucosal secretions such as milk. a variety of functions have been ascribed to this protein, it appears to contribute to antimicrobial host defense. still its overall physiological role remains to be defined. we sought to study the role of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) in shigella infection. invasion of epithelial cells is essential to the development of bacillary dysentery. shigella flexneri 5 m90t, a virulent strain, was evaluated in ... | 2001 | 11787716 |
| neonatal shigellosis. | 2001 | 11794928 | |
| [isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists]. | twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ... | 2001 | 11806136 |
| shigella septicaemia in adults: report of two cases and mini-review. | we report 2 cases of shigella septicaemia in adult patients. | 2001 | 11817302 |
| blockade of cd14 aggravates experimental shigellosis. | shigella infections lead to severe inflammation associated with destruction of colonic mucosa. we assessed the effect of in vivo blockade of cd14 on the outcome of experimental shigella infection in rabbits. a total of 17 rabbits were divided into two groups: 8 received a single i.v. dose of anti-rabbit cd14 monoclonal antibody prior to infection with an invasive shigella flexneri strain; the remainder served as controls. the anti-cd14-treated rabbits exhibited more severe tissue destruction and ... | 2001 | 11753214 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in lagos, nigeria: trends in antimicrobial resistance. | antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. and escherichia coli, isolated from diarrhoeal patients in lagos, was studied from march 1999 to february 2000. four hundred fifty-nine isolates were identified as shigellae (62) and e. coli (397). shigella flexneri, s. dysenteriae, s. boydii, and s. sonnei accounted, respectively, for 51.6%, 17.7%, 17.7%, and 13% of the total number of shigellae isolated. eleven cases of shigellosis occurred in the age group of 0-9 years, 22 cases in the age group o ... | 2001 | 11761772 |
| evaluation of culture media for enrichment and isolation of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri. | the performance of gram-negative (gn) broth with (10 microg/ml) and without novobiocin, shigella broth (sb) with 0.5 and 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin, all incubated at 37 degrees c (sb with 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin also at 42 degrees c) and buffered brilliant green bile glucose (ee) broth with 1.0 microg/ml novobiocin incubated at 37 and 42 degrees c were evaluated for resuscitation and growth of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri (eight strains; unstressed, chill-stressed and acid-stressed) and non-sh ... | 2001 | 11764191 |
| controlled expression in klebsiella pneumoniae and shigella flexneri using a bacteriophage p1-derived c1-regulated promoter system. | the utility of promoters regulated by the bacteriophage p1 temperature-sensitive c1 repressor was examined in shigella flexneri and klebsiella pneumoniae. promoters carrying c1 operator sites driving lacz expression had induction/repression ratios of up to 240-fold in s. flexneri and up to 50-fold in k. pneumoniae. the promoters exhibited remarkably low basal expression, demonstrated modulation by temperature, and showed rapid induction. this system will provide a new opportunity for controlled ... | 2001 | 11698385 |
| validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in thailand. | rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis and shigellosis was performed using six different diagnostic test kits which recently have been made available commercially. they were salmo-dot, typhi-dot, shigel dot a, b, c, and d test kits for detection of salmonella spp., group d salmonellae, and groups a, b, c, and d shigella spp., respectively. the principle of all test kits is a membrane (dot) elisa using specific monoclonal antibodies to the respective pathogens as the detection reagents. the present stu ... | 2001 | 11699718 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men--san francisco, california, 2000-2001. | shigella sonnei causes approximately 10,000 cases of gastroenteritis each year in the united states. these infections occur predominately among young children and usually are associated with poor hygienic conditions in child-care settings. outbreaks of shigellosis among men who have sex with men (msm) have occurred because of direct or indirect oral-anal contact but usually are caused by shigella flexneri. this report describes an investigation of s. sonnei cases that occurred among msm in san f ... | 2001 | 11699845 |
| ipac from shigella and sipc from salmonella possess similar biochemical properties but are functionally distinct. | invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) is secreted via the type iii secretion system (ttss) of shigella flexneri and serves as an essential effector molecule for epithelial cell invasion. the only homologue of ipac identified thus far is salmonella invasion protein c (sipc/sspc), which is essential for enterocyte invasion by salmonella typhimurium. to explore the biochemical and functional relatedness of ipac and sipc, recombinant derivatives of both proteins were purified so that their in vitro bioc ... | 2001 | 11703668 |
| pathoadaptive mutations that enhance virulence: genetic organization of the cada regions of shigella spp. | pathoadaptive mutations improve the fitness of pathogenic species by modification of traits that interfere with factors (virulence and ancestral) required for survival in host tissues. a demonstrated pathoadaptive mutation is the loss of lysine decarboxylase (ldc) expression in shigella species that have evolved from ldc-expressing escherichia coli. previous studies demonstrated that the product of ldc activity, cadaverine, blocks the action of shigella enterotoxins and that the gene encoding ld ... | 2001 | 11705922 |
| mxim and mxij, base elements of the mxi-spa type iii secretion system of shigella, interact with and stabilize the mxid secretin in the cell envelope. | the type iii secretion pathway is broadly distributed across many parasitic bacterial genera and serves as a mechanism for delivering effector proteins to eukaryotic cell surface and cytosolic targets. while the effectors, as well as the host responses elicited, differ among type iii systems, they all utilize a conserved set of 9 to 11 proteins that together form a bacterial envelope-associated secretory organelle or needle complex. the general structure of the needle complex consists of a trans ... | 2001 | 11717255 |
| lifestyles of the intracellular. | 2001 | 11728864 | |
| characterization of the interaction partners of secreted proteins and chaperones of shigella flexneri. | the type iii secretion (tts) system of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria is composed of proteins that assemble into the tts machinery, proteins that are secreted by this machinery and specific chaperones that are required for storage and sometimes secretion of these proteins. many sequential protein interactions are involved in the tts pathway to deliver effector proteins to host cells. we used the yeast two-hybrid system to investigate the interaction partners of the shigella flexneri effectors ... | 2001 | 11737652 |
| periplasmic transit and disulfide bond formation of the autotransported shigella protein icsa. | the shigella outer membrane protein icsa belongs to the family of type v secreted (autotransported) virulence factors. members of this family mediate their own translocation across the bacterial outer membrane: the carboxy-terminal beta domain forms a beta barrel channel in the outer membrane through which the amino-terminal alpha domain passes. icsa, which is localized at one pole of the bacterium, mediates actin assembly by shigella, which is essential for bacterial intracellular movement and ... | 2001 | 11208794 |
| molecular characterization of global regulatory rna species that control pathogenicity factors in erwinia amylovora and erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. | rsmb(ecc) specifies a nontranslatable rna regulator that controls exoprotein production and pathogenicity in soft rot-causing erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. this effect of rsmb(ecc) rna is mediated mostly by neutralizing the function of rsma(ecc), an rna-binding protein of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, which acts as a global negative regulator. to determine the occurrence of functional homologs of rsmb(ecc) in non-soft-rot-causing erwinia species, we cloned the rsmb genes of e. amylovo ... | 2001 | 11222584 |
| molecular epidemiology of a shigella flexneri outbreak in a mountainous township in taiwan, republic of china. | an outbreak of shigellosis occurred in a township of nantou conuty in central taiwan from august to october in 1996. the infections extended to two neighboring townships and continued to the end of 1996. forty cases were confirmed during the period, in contrast to only one confirmed case in nantou county in 1996 before the outbreak. all of these 41 cases in 1996 were identified as infections with shigella flexneri serotype 2a. in order to trace the source of the infections, the 41 isolates recov ... | 2001 | 11230426 |
| increased nitrite and nitrate concentrations in sera and urine of patients with cholera or shigellosis. | nitric oxide (no) is an important regulator of cell function. in the intestine, no regulates blood flow, peristalsis, secretion, and is associated with inflammation and tissue injury. the objectives of this study were to assess and compare the role of no in cholera, a noninflammatory enteric infection, and in shigellosis, a bacterial inflammation of the colon. | 2001 | 11232692 |
| structure-function analysis of the shigella virulence factor ipab. | infection by the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri results in dysentery, an acute inflammatory disease of the colon. essential events in the pathogenesis of shigella infections include bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, escape from the phagosome, and induction of apoptosis in macrophages. the shigella virulence factor invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) is required for all of these processes. induction of apoptosis is dependent on ipab binding to the cysteine protease caspase-1 (casp- ... | 2001 | 11157939 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| parameters underlying successful protection with live attenuated mutants in experimental shigellosis. | because the use of live attenuated mutants of shigella spp. represents a promising approach to protection against bacillary dysentery (m. e. etherridge, a. t. m. shamsul hoque, and d. a. sack, lab. anim. sci. 46:61-66, 1996), it becomes essential to rationalize this approach in animal models in order to optimize attenuation of virulence in the vaccine candidates, as well as their route and mode of administration, and to define the correlates of protection. in this study, we have compared three s ... | 2001 | 11160004 |
| genetic organization of the she pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri 2a. | in this study we report the complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of the she pathogenicity island (pai) of shigella flexneri 2a strain ysh6000t. the 46 603 bp she pai is situated adjacent to the 3' terminus of the phev trna gene and includes an imperfect direct repeat of the 3'-terminal 22 bp of the phev gene at the right boundary of the pai. the she pai carries a bacteriophage p4-like integrase gene within the phev -proximal boundary of the pai, intact and truncated mobile genet ... | 2001 | 11162180 |
| structure and composition of the shigella flexneri "needle complex", a part of its type iii secreton. | type iii secretion systems (ttsss or secretons), essential virulence determinants of many gram-negative bacteria, serve to translocate proteins directly from the bacteria into the host cytoplasm. electron microscopy (em) indicates that the ttsss of shigella flexneri are composed of: (1) an external needle; (2) a transmembrane domain; and (3) a cytoplasmic bulb. em analysis of purified and negatively stained parts 1, 2 and a portion of 3 of the ttss, together termed the "needle complex" (nc), pro ... | 2001 | 11169106 |
| secretion of predicted inc proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae by a heterologous type iii machinery. | chlamydia spp. are strictly intracellular pathogens that grow inside a vacuole, called an inclusion. they possess genes encoding proteins homologous to components of type iii secretion machineries, which, in other bacterial pathogens, are involved in delivery of bacterial proteins within or through the membrane of eukaryotic host cells. inc proteins are chlamydial proteins that are associated with the inclusion membrane and are characterized by the presence of a large hydrophobic domain in their ... | 2001 | 11169118 |
| microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions iii. shigellosis: from symptoms to molecular pathogenesis. | interaction of shigella flexneri with epithelial cells includes contact of bacteria with the cell surface and release of ipa proteins through a specialized type iii secreton. a complex signaling process involving activation of small gtpases of the rho family and c-src causes major rearrangements of the subcortical cytoskeleton, thereby allowing bacterial entry by macropinocytosis. after entry, shigellae escape to the cell cytoplasm and initiate intracytoplasmic movement through polar nucleation ... | 2001 | 11171613 |
| shigellae control the gates of ll. | 2001 | 11175842 | |
| downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: a novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial dna as a potential regulator. | antibacterial peptides are active defense components of innate immunity. several studies confirm their importance at epithelial surfaces as immediate barrier effectors in preventing infection. here we report that early in shigella spp. infections, expression of the antibacterial peptides ll-37 and human beta-defensin-1 is reduced or turned off. the downregulation is detected in biopsies from patients with bacillary dysenteries and in shigella- infected cell cultures of epithelial and monocyte or ... | 2001 | 11175848 |
| a new target for shigellosis: rational design and crystallographic studies of inhibitors of trna-guanine transglycosylase. | eubacterial trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is involved in the hyper-modification of cognate trnas leading to the exchange of g34 at the wobble position in the anticodon loop by preq1 (2-amino-5-(aminomethyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-one) as part of the biosynthesis of queuine (q). mutation of the tgt gene in shigella flexneri results in a significant loss of pathogenicity of the bacterium, revealing tgt as a new target for the design of potent drugs against shigellosis. the x-ray struct ... | 2001 | 11178905 |
| safety and immunogenicity of improved shigella o-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in adults in israel. | data suggest that the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigella species is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen and that a critical level of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) to this antigen will confer immunity to shigellosis. because covalent attachment of polysaccharides to proteins increases their immunogenicity, especially in infants and in young children, the o-sp of shigella species were bound to medically useful proteins, and th ... | 2001 | 11179298 |
| identification and characterization of an in vivo regulated d15/oma87 homologue in shigella flexneri using differential display polymerase chain reaction. | shigella genes expressed during infection likely contribute to adaptation and virulence in the host. using differential display pcr (ddpcr), a cdna fragment from shigella flexneri serotype 5 that showed enhanced expression in a murine model was identified, cloned and sequenced. enhanced expression was verified by rna dot blot. the full-length gene was cloned using pcr and sequenced. the complete gene sequence was blast searched against genbank, and exhibited strong homology to genes encoding hae ... | 2001 | 11179681 |
| shigella flexneri luxs quorum-sensing system modulates virb expression but is not essential for virulence. | quorum-sensing systems regulate the expression of virulence factors in a wide variety of plant and animal pathogens, including members of the enterobacteriaceae. studies of shigella virulence gene expression have demonstrated that maximal expression of genes encoding the type iii secretion system and its substrates and maximal activity of this virulence organelle occur at high cell density. in these studies, we demonstrate that the expression of ipa, mxi, and spa invasion operons is maximal in s ... | 2001 | 11119484 |
| identification of functional regions within invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery with symptoms resulting from the inflammation that accompanies bacterial entry into the cells of the colonic epithelium. the effectors of s. flexneri invasion are the ipa proteins, particularly ipab and ipac, which are secreted at the host-pathogen interface following bacterial contact with a host cell. of the purified ipa proteins, only ipac has been shown to possess quantifiable in vitro activities that are related to cellular invasion. in this stud ... | 2001 | 11123692 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by lysozyme, denatured lysozyme, and lysozyme-derived peptides under high hydrostatic pressure. | we have studied the inactivation of six gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, and shigella flexneri) by high hydrostatic pressure treatment in the presence of hen egg-white lysozyme, partially or completely denatured lysozyme, or a synthetic cationic peptide derived from either hen egg white or coliphage t4 lysozyme. none of these compounds had a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on ... | 2001 | 11133464 |
| conserved regulatory elements of the promoter sequence of the gene rpoh of enteric bacteria. | the rpoh regulatory region of different members of the enteric bacteria family was sequenced or downloaded from genbank and compared. in addition, the transcriptional start sites of rpoh of yersinia frederiksenii and proteus mirabilis, two distant members of this family, were determined. sequences similar to the sigma(70) promoters p1, p4 and p5, to the sigma(e) promoter p3 and to boxes dnaa1, dnaa2, camp receptor protein (crp) boxes crp1, crp2 and box cytr present in escherichia coli k12, were ... | 2001 | 11139607 |
| regulating cellular actin assembly. | cellular actin assembly is tightly regulated. the study of pathogen motility has led to the identification of several cellular factors that are critical for controlling this process. pathogens such as listeria require ena/vasp and arp2/3 proteins to translate actin polymerization into movement. recent work has extended these observations and uncovered some similarities and surprising differences in the way cells and pathogens utilize the actin cytoskeleton. | 2001 | 11248549 |
| spa33, a cell surface-associated subunit of the mxi-spa type iii secretory pathway of shigella flexneri, regulates ipa protein traffic. | the mxi-spa type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri directs the host cell contact-induced secretion of a set of invasins, referred to as ipas. in this study, we examined the role of spa33 in ipa secretion. a spa33-null mutant was both noninvasive and unable to translocate the ipas from inner membrane to outer membrane (om) positions of the mxi-spa transmembrane channel. spa33 was found to be a mxi-spa substrate that is translocated to the bacterial cell surface upon the induction of ipa s ... | 2001 | 11254573 |
| synthesis of mannich bases of some 2,5-disubstituted 4-thiazolidinones and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. | 5-phenyl/methyl-5-morpholinomethyl/pyrrolidinomethyl-2-(5- aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)imino]-4-thiazolidinones (5a-m) were synthesized by the reaction of 5-phenyl/methyl-2-[(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol -2-yl)imino]-4-thiazolidinones (4a-j) with formaldehyde and morpholine or pyrrolidine. the structures of the compounds were determined by analytical and spectral (ir, 1h-nmr, eims) methods. the antibacterial activities of the novel compounds against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, staphylococcus epider ... | 2001 | 11268772 |
| type iv o antigen modification genes in the genome of shigella flexneri nctc 8296. | the genes encoding type iv o antigen glucosylation were characterized from both escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. the putative o antigen modification genes from e. coli, o120 o306 o443, were pcr-amplified and introduced into s. flexneri serotype y strain sfl124. immunogold labelling and phage sensitivity indicated the presence of both serotype y and serotype 4a o antigens on the cell surface of the resulting recombinant sfl124 strains, suggesting that only partial serotype conversion was c ... | 2001 | 11283281 |
| influence of infection of cells with bacteria associated with reactive arthritis on the peptide repertoire presented by hla-b27. | reactive arthritis (rea) after infections with various gram-negative bacteria is strongly associated with the mhc class i molecule hla-b27. it is supposed that the b27 molecule itself plays a role in the pathogenesis of rea by presenting antigenic peptides to cytotoxic t lymphocytes. the peptide repertoires presented by salmonella-, shigella- and non-infected cells were compared to identify such peptides. from the peptides isolated from the b27 molecules of these cells, profiles were generated b ... | 2001 | 11289525 |
| attenuated shigella flexneri 2a delta guaba strain cvd 1204 expressing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) cs2 and cs3 fimbriae as a live mucosal vaccine against shigella and etec infection. | to construct a prototype hybrid vaccine against shigella and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), the genes encoding the production of etec cs2 and cs3 fimbriae were isolated and expressed in attenuated shigella flexneri 2a guaba strain cvd 1204. the cs2 cota to -d genes, isolated from etec strain c91f, and the cs3 csta to -h genes, subcloned from plasmid pcs100, were cloned into ~15-copy-number-stabilized pga1 behind the osmotically regulated ompc promoter, resulting in high expression of b ... | 2001 | 11292735 |
| complete dna sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | the complete sequence analysis of the 210-kb shigella flexneri 5a virulence plasmid was determined. shigella spp. cause dysentery and diarrhea by invasion and spread through the colonic mucosa. most of the known shigella virulence determinants are encoded on a large plasmid that is unique to virulent strains of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli; these known genes account for approximately 30 to 35% of the virulence plasmid. in the complete sequence of the virulence plasmid, 286 open r ... | 2001 | 11292750 |
| high pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin. | we have studied the inactivation of a panel of eight test bacteria (two escherichia coli strains, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas fluorescens and staphylococcus aureus) by high pressure in the presence of bovine lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), pepsin hydrolysate of lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), lactoferricin (20 microg/ml) and nisin (100 iu/ml). none of these compounds, at the indicated dosage, were bactericidal when applied at atmosphe ... | 2001 | 11294354 |
| microbial growth modelling with artificial neural networks. | there is a growing interest in modelling microbial growth as an alternative to time-consuming, traditional, microbiological enumeration techniques. several statistical models have been reported to describe the growth of different microorganisms, but there are accuracy problems. an alternate technique 'artificial neural networks' (ann) for modelling microbial growth is explained and evaluated. published data were used to build separate general regression neural network (grnn) structures for model ... | 2001 | 11294356 |
| prospective cohort studies of shigellosis during military field training. | epidemiological and clinical features of shigellosis occurring among cohorts of israeli recruits followed-up for 3-6 months during the summer field training of years 1993-1997 were studied. the incidence rate of culture-proven shigellosis was the highest (78 cases per 1,000 recruits) in 1996 and the lowest (13 cases per 1,000 recruits) in 1995. shigella sonnei (152 isolates) and shigella flexneri (151 isolates) were the most common species. fifty percent of the patients with shigellosis had feve ... | 2001 | 11305466 |
| a synaptojanin-homologous region of salmonella typhimurium sigd is essential for inositol phosphatase activity and akt activation. | the ser-thr kinase akt is activated in epithelial cells by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the bacterial effector sigd, which is translocated into host cells via the specialized type iii secretion system, is essential for akt activation. here, we investigated the inositol phospholipid substrate preferences of sigd. recombinant sigd preferentially dephosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3,5-biphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate over other phosphatidylinositol lipids. phos ... | 2001 | 11311241 |
| probiotic activities of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus: in vitro adherence to intestinal cells and antimicrobial properties. | the interest of probiotics as remedies for a broad number of gastrointestinal and other infectious diseases has gained wide interest over the last few years, but little is known about their underlying mechanism of action. in this study, the probiotic activities of a human isolate of lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus strain (lcr35) were investigated. using intestinal caco-2 cell line in an in vitro model, we demonstrated that this strain exhibited adhesive properties. the inhibitory effects of ... | 2001 | 11316370 |
| shv-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a shigella flexneri clinical isolate. | a shigella flexneri isolate resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins was recovered from a stool sample of a 16 month-old algerian child hospitalized in paris, france. this isolate harboured an shv-2 beta-lactamase gene located on a c. 80 kb self-transferable plasmid. this is the first report of an ambler class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from shigella spp. | 2001 | 11328785 |
| [immunologic properties of coli surface antigen 6(cs6) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and cholera toxin subunit b expressed in shigella flexneri 2a strain t32]. | a host-plasmid balancing system composed with a delta asd mutant (fad) of an avirulent strain (t32) of shigella flexneri 2a and plasmid harboring asd gene was used to express enterotoxigenic e. coli surface antigen 6(cs6) and v. cholerae toxin subunit b (ctb). the results of western blotting and elisa showed that all of recombinant plasmids (pyx201, pyx202 and pyx203) could be maintained stably and expressed cs6 and ctb respectively in t32 without any antibiotic selection. all the recombinant ba ... | 2001 | 11330183 |
| chvd, a chromosomally encoded atp-binding cassette transporter-homologous protein involved in regulation of virulence gene expression in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | a yeast two-hybrid screen searching for chromosomally encoded proteins that interact with the agrobacterium tumefaciens virb8 protein was carried out. this screen identified an interaction candidate homologous to the partial sequence of a gene that had previously been identified in a transposon screen as a potential regulator of virg expression, chvd. in this report, the cloning of the entire chvd gene is described and the gene is sequenced and characterized. insertion of a promoterless lacz gen ... | 2001 | 11344138 |
| identification and functional characterization of arylamine n-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. | arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity has been described in various bacterial species. bacterial n-acetyltransferases, including those from bacteria of the gut flora, may be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thereby exerting physiopathological effects. we characterized these enzymes further by steady-state kinetics, time-dependent inhibition, and dna hybridization in 40 species, mostly from the human intestinal microflora. we report for the first time n-acetyltransferase activity in 11 ... | 2001 | 11344150 |
| espg, a novel type iii system-secreted protein from enteropathogenic escherichia coli with similarities to vira of shigella flexneri. | the function of the rorf2 gene located on the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) has not been described. we report that rorf2 encodes a novel protein, named espg, which is secreted by the type iii secretory system and which is translocated into host epithelial cells. espg is homologous with shigella flexneri protein vira, and the cloned espg (rorf2) gene can rescue invasion in a shigella vira mutant, indicating that these protein ... | 2001 | 11349072 |
| cloning and characterization of aspergillus nidulans vpsa gene which is involved in vacuolar biogenesis. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae, vacuoles play very important roles in ph and osmotic regulation, protein degradation and storage of amino acids, small ions as well as polyphosphates. in filamentous fungi, however, little is known about vacuolar functions at a molecular level. in this paper, we report the isolation of the vpsa gene from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans as a homologue of the vps1 gene of s. cerevisiae which encodes a dynamin-related protein. the vpsa gene encodes a polypep ... | 2001 | 11368897 |