Publications

[a review of four cases of branhamella catarrhalis bacteremia in children].	branhamella catarrhalis was recovered from one blood culture each from three infants and one neonate admitted to the trousseau hospital (paris) between 1986 and 1988. clinical features included fever in every case, otitis in three cases, pneumonia in two cases, diarrhea in one case, and enterocolitis in one case. all the strains were beta-lactamase producers. outcome was favorable in every case. the antimicrobial agent used was erythromycin in one case, amoxicillin in one case, and a third gener ...	1990	2107783
treatment of branhamella catarrhalis infections.		1990	2108111
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of human igg subclass antibodies directed against branhamella catarrhalis.	an elisa procedure to determine the distribution of human igg subclass antibodies directed against the gram-negative bacterium branhamella catarrhalis has been developed using commercially available monoclonal anti-igg subclass antibodies. using whole bacteria as coating antigen the specificity of the assay was determined and showed minimal cross-reactivity with a range of other bacteria. estimations of igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4 and total igg antibodies directed against this antigen were performed. ...	1990	2109016
in-vitro activity of ampicillin/sulbactam and other antibiotics against clinical isolates of haemophilus sp. and branhamella catarrhalis.	the ampicillin/sulbactam combination is one of several such drug combinations of a beta-lactam and suicide inhibitor having a wide spectrum of activity. these characteristics induced us to evaluate the in vitro activity of this combination towards 54 strains of haemophilus sp. (38 beta-lactamase producers) and 20 strains of branhamella catarrhalis (16 beta-lactamase producers). all strains were isolated from sputum, sinusal aspiration and tympanocentesis. in the case of haemophilus sp beta-lacta ...	1990	2110245
branhamella catarrhalis: a microbiologic and clinical update. proceedings of a symposium. houston, texas, september 15, 1989.		1990	2111086
spectrum of disease due to branhamella catarrhalis in children with particular reference to acute otitis media.	for many years branhamella catarrhalis was regarded as a non-pathogenic inhabitant of the respiratory tract. this article outlines the spectrum of b. catarrhalis disease in childhood and the extent of the evidence for a pathogenic role of the organism. b. catarrhalis is a rare etiologic agent in septicemia, meningitis, and other systemic illness in both apparently normal and immunocompromised infants and children. it is an unusual cause of ophthalmia neonatorum, but can be confused with neisseri ...	1990	2111087
a descriptive study of 42 cases of branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia.	we studied the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with pneumonia due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to better characterize the types of patients who develop this pneumonia, the clinical features of the illness, and the type of and response to drug therapy, as well as the immediate and long-term survival of these patients.	1990	2111088
antibody response to p-protein in patients with branhamella catarrhalis infections.	branhamella catarrhalis is now recognized as an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections, especially in the elderly. in most instances, pathogenicity is presumed by recovery of the organism in a sputum culture, a method that is less than conclusive. in order to better diagnose b. catarrhalis infections, an enzyme-linked immunoassay has been developed using p-protein as antigen to measure antibodies to b. catarrhalis. in 17 elderly patients with b. catarrhalis pneumonia and 12 with t ...	1990	2111089
a comparison of serum bactericidal activity and phenotypic characteristics of bacteremic, pneumonia-causing strains, and colonizing strains of branhamella catarrhalis.	four blood isolates, 12 pneumonia isolates, and seven colonizing isolates of branhamella catarrhalis were compared with respect to their ability to grow in normal human serum and in convalescent serum of a patient with b. catarrhalis bacteremia. disease-causing isolates showed seven of 16 serum-resistant strains (43 percent) compared with one of seven (13 percent) colonizing strains. bacteremic strains were not more serum-resistant than pneumonia-causing strains. trypsin zones of inhibition were ...	1990	2111090
branhamella catarrhalis: phenotypic characteristics.	purpose: this review provides a comprehensive description and discussion of recognized phenotypic characteristics of branhamella catarrhalis. an emphasis is placed on attributes of this organism that are relevant to its recovery and identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. in addition, characteristics useful in determining strain identity for use in epidemiologic investigations are addressed. finally, factors are discussed that may account for the infection-causing potential of b. ...	1990	2111091
antibiotic susceptibilities and drug resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	to summarize current knowledge of drug susceptibility and mechanisms of drug resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	1990	2111092
respiratory infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis. selected epidemiologic features.	this work reviewed existing literature pertaining to the epidemiologic aspects of respiratory tract infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis, examined certain epidemiologic features of b. catarrhalis infections occurring at this facility, and identified relevant areas in need of further study.	1990	2111094
the changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae.		1990	2111274
the changing pattern of antibiotic resistance of neisseria gonorrhoeae.		1990	2111274
on branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia.		1990	2112238
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis bacteremia. a case report and literature review.	moraxella catarrhalis is increasingly recognized as a cause of pulmonary and upper airway disease, but bacteremia remains unusual. we treated a 71-year-old man who died of rapidly progressive bacteremic m catarrhalis bronchopneumonia. this case, and a review of the 27 previously reported m catarrhalis bacteremias in the literature, demonstrated that m catarrhalis can be a virulent organism capable of causing serious infection and death in both immunocompetent and compromised hosts.	1990	2112907
bacterial isolates and cigarette smoking in patients with chronic bronchitis: results from an italian multicenter survey.	patients who were cigarette smokers suffering exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were examined in eight outpatient clinics in five regions of italy, three from the south (campania, 82 patients; sicily, 82 patients; and puglia, 29 patients) and two from north (lombardy, 33 patients; and liguria, 50 patients). haemophilus influenzae was the most frequently isolated bacterium in the patients' sputum (in 30% of the total group), followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (in 20%), staphylococcus aureus ( ...	1990	2112984
comparative study of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxycillin syrup in the treatment of acute otitis media in general practice.	in a multicentre general practice study, 660 children aged between 3 months and 12 years with otitis media were randomized to receive a 10-day course of cefuroxime axetil suspension or amoxycillin syrup. children under 2 years of age were given 125 mg cefuroxime axetil twice daily after food or 125 mg amoxycillin three times daily; older children received 250 mg cefuroxime axetil twice daily or 250 mg amoxycillin three times daily. the overall cure or improvement rate was 94.3% for those treated ...	1990	2113874
[activity of cefapirin against bacterial strains isolated from acute otitis media in children].	the antibacterial activity of cefapirin was tested against 210 strains isolated from the auricular exudate of childrens' acute otitis media. for 112 strains of haemophilus studied (20% secreted a beta-lactamase), the mic 50 and 90 of cefapirin were 2 and 4 mg/l respectively. ten strains of branhamella catarrhalis were tested (9 secreted a beta-lactamase) and the mic ranged from 0.25 to 4 mg/l. against streptococcus pneumoniae, cefapirin has an extremely high activity with mic 50 and 90 less than ...	1990	2114604
quantification of nasopharyngeal bacteria for diagnosis of respiratory tract infection in children.	agreement between clinical signs of bacterial respiratory tract infections and quantities of respiratory tract pathogens in nasopharynx was studied in 77 children, aged 6-13 years. specimens were obtained from 27 clinically bacterial and 51 clinically non-bacterial respiratory tract infections, and in 124 instances from healthy children. viable counts of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and beta-haemolytic streptococci were made from swab specimens suspe ...	1990	2115205
rapid identification of branhamella catarrhalis. a comparison of five rapid methods.	five methods for the rapid identification and differentiation of branhamella catarrhalis from other neisseria species in 86 respiratory specimens were compared. these tests included the 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate (mub), api quadferm, b.cat.confirm, gonochek ii, and the tributyrin disc. all five tests reliably and accurately identified 31 b. catarrhalis isolates. however, the mub test was the least expensive, least labor intensive, and did not require overnight purity plates for performance. t ...	1990	2116950
randomized comparative study of cefixime versus cephalexin in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	patients with purulent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were randomized to receive either a single 400-mg daily dose of cefixime or 250 mg of cephalexin, orally, four times a day. patients were males with a mean age of 63 years. of the 86 patients, 71 (82%) had bronchitis caused by a single organism (29 by haemophilus influenzae, 27 by branhamella catarrhalis, 9 by gram-negative enteric organisms, 6 by streptococcus pneumoniae), while more than one pathogen was implicated in 15 patients (18%). ...	1990	2118322
effect of ampicillin, cefmetazole and minocycline on the adherence of branhamella catarrhalis to pharyngeal epithelial cells.	using pharyngeal epithelial cells from a healthy adult and eight strains of branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) isolated from eight patients with respiratory infection the effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmetazole, ampicillin and minocycline on adherence was examined. cefmetazole-treated bacterial attachment (44 +/- 28; mean +/- s.d.) decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) compared to the control (84 +/- 27). statistically no significant difference in adherence was f ...	1990	2118692
in-vitro activity of roxithromycin against branhamella catarrhalis.		1990	2120171
ceftibuten--in-vitro activity against respiratory pathogens, beta-lactamase stability and mechanism of action.	the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten against respiratory pathogenic bacteria was studied and compared with that of other oral beta-lactam agents. ceftibuten displayed high activity against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. there was reduced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 16 mg/l). the protein binding of ceftibuten was 77% and the primary target site pbp 3. a high degree of stability to beta-lactamase hydrolysis was observed.	1990	2120175
temafloxacin in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	temafloxacin hydrochloride, a new fluoroquinolone, was given orally in doses of 300 or 600 mg twice daily for ten days to 36 patients, all hospitalized because of severe acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. sputum cultures before, during and after treatment showed that the infection was eliminated in 12/18 evaluable patients given 300 mg and in 13/16 receiving the 600 mg doses. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae were effectively eliminated ...	1990	2120178
[respiratory infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis in 5 different hospitals].	during 9 months (from january 1988 to september 1988), we experienced 82 patients (94 episodes) of respiratory infections with branhamella catarrhalis in 5 different hospitals. there were 11 patients of acute bronchitis, 8 patients of pneumonia, 56 patients of chronic bronchitis (68 episodes), 3 patients of bronchiectasis, 3 patients of bronchial asthma with infection and chronic pulmonary emphysema in one patient. ten cases of acute bronchitis and 3 cases of pneumonia had a recent history of co ...	1990	2120497
[isolation of branhamella catarrhalis from sputum and clinical features of bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis].	the authors investigated the isolation of branhamella catarrhalis from sputum and the clinical features of bronchopulmonary infection due to b. catarrhalis from january of 1983 to december of 1987 at the hokusyo central hospital. b. catarrhalis was cultured from 106 (3.8%) of 5,674 sputum specimens. the isolation rate did not vary during the 5 years from 1983 to 1987. approximately 70% of the patients had some underlying bronchopulmonary disease. the strains of beta-lactamase-positive b. catarrh ...	1990	2120499
branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen.	branhamella catarrhalis was formerly regarded as a common, essentially harmless inhabitant of the pharynx. this misapprehension was caused, in part, by confusion with another pharyngeal resident, neisseria cinerea. the two organisms can now be differentiated by the positive reactions of b. catarrhalis in tests for nitrate reduction and hydrolysis of tributyrin and dnase. b. catarrhalis is currently recognized as the third most frequent cause of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in young chi ...	1990	2121328
effect of low concentrations of clavulanic acid on the in-vitro activity of amoxycillin against beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae.	concentrations of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid achievable in the respiratory tract following oral dosage were assessed for in-vitro activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. in agar-dilution studies, 8 mg amoxycillin/l was required to inhibit 45 strains of beta-lactamase-producing b. catarrhalis, whereas all the strains were inhibited by 0.5 mg amoxycillin/l in the presence of 0.01 mg clavulanic acid/l. similarly, 0.1 mg amoxycillin p ...	1990	2121699
butyrate esterase (4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate) spot test, a simple method for immediate identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis [corrected].	a total of 47 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains, 89 strains of neisseria spp., and 82 strains of miscellaneous bacteria and yeasts were studied by using a fluorogenic spot method which detects butyrate esterase. a positive butyrate esterase spot test correctly differentiated m. catarrhalis from neisseria spp., which had a negative butyrate esterase spot test reaction. the test is rapid, simple, and easy to perform. the butyrate esterase spot test was useful for direct identification of ...	1990	2121784
pulmonary clearance and phagocytic cell response in a murine model of branhamella catarrhalis infection.	c5-sufficient swiss-webster mice (c5+) and c5-deficient dba/2j mice (c5-) when challenged endotracheally with 2 x 10(7) cfu of branhamella catarrhalis rapidly clear the lungs of viable bacteria in 48 h. this rapid clearance correlates with a striking influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils that is of equal magnitude in both c5+ and c5- animals. supernatant from todd-hewitt broth culture of b. catarrhalis exhibits in vivo chemotactic activity in the murine lung and in vitro chemotactic activity i ...	1990	2121839
changes in nasopharyngeal flora during otitis media of childhood.	the nasopharyngeal flora of healthy children were compared with flora in children with otitis media caused by nontypable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. forty healthy children were followed prospectively and compared with 70 children with 43 episodes of nontypable h. influenzae, 21 episodes of s. pneumoniae and 28 episodes of m. catarrhalis otitis media. carriage of nontypable h. influenzae (95% vs. 65%, p less than 0.001), s. pneumoniae (91% vs. 52%, ...	1990	2122410
from micrococcus to moraxella. the reemergence of branhamella catarrhalis.		1990	2122824
cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media.	bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed on 105 middle ear secretions from 66 children with middle ear effusion (mee) of more than 3 months' duration. the secretions were searched for granulocytes and the activity of these cells was judged by their capacity for random locomotion and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. the functional characteristics of the granulocytes were compared with the bacteriological findings on cultures from mee. bacteria commonly regarded as ...	1990	2123111
minimal criteria for identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	a study was performed which aimed at testing the reliability of our routine diagnostic tests for identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in clinical samples from the respiratory tract. a preliminary diagnosis of 122 isolates as moraxella catarrhalis was obtained by using colony morphology and results of gram stain and oxidase test as the sole diagnostic criteria. by using additional tests we could show that the preliminary diagnosis was incorrect for 21 isolates, which were classif ...	1990	2123112
antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase characterization of branhamella catarrhalis isolates from 1983/1984 and 1988.	branhamella catarrhalis isolates from lower respiratory tract specimens collected in 1983/84 (n = 50) and 1988 (n = 30) were examined for beta-lactamase production. the percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains increased from 25% to 63% from 1983/84 to 1988. beta-lactamases from 30 strains could be typed, and of these 28 were of the bro-1 type and two the bro-2 type. the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid and brobactam were very active against beta-lactamase extracts whether of the ...	1990	2123390
the occurrence of branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal neisseriaceae in clinical sputum specimens in lagos, nigeria.	branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal neisseria species were isolated from 200 out of 500 sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract (lrt) infections at the lagos university teaching hospital (luth). b. catarrhalis was isolated from 60 (12%). the isolation rates for other neisseria species were as follows: n. mucosa from 45 (9%), n. sicca from 40 (8%), n. lactamica from 35 (7%), n. cinerea from 12 (2.4%) and n. subflava from 8 (1.6%). b. catarrhalis occurred in pure cultures ...	1990	2123801
life threatening branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in young infants.	branhamella catarrhalis is a common nasopharyngeal commensal organism but is also a recognised pathogen. lower respiratory tract infections caused by this organism have been reported in adults but not, to our knowledge, in otherwise healthy infants. two infants, born prematurely, suffered near fatal pneumonia. branhamella catarrhalis was the only microbial pathogen isolated in each case. we suggest that initial antibiotic therapy for severe pneumonia in young infants should be tailored to cover ...	1990	2125625
[pathogenesis of bacterial respiratory infection and new approach of the treatment].	causative agents of respiratory infections has been changed because of increase in number of aged people and compromised host and the rapid development of new chemotherapeutic agents. especially branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis), which is very unique and has become a common respiratory pathogen, since 1980, in my department. attachment ability of b. catarrhalis to oropharyngeal cells coincided with the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections by this bacterium and the same phe ...	1990	2125670
[branhamella catarrhalis: its respiratory pathogenicity in childhood].	branhamella catarrhalis is a nasopharyngeal commensal which is being increasingly recognised as a pathogen, causing mainly infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease. it can also originate serious infections, like septicaemia, in patients with chronic predisposing conditions. during the period from 1979 to 1987, 22,501 respiratory tract samples from children were evaluated. ninety nine isolated of branhamella catarrhalis were identified (0.44%). patients' age extended from 12 days to 9 year ...	1990	2125809
respiratory tract carrier rates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children and interpretation of the isolation of m. catarrhalis from sputum.	nonselective media and previously described selective media were used to study the occurrence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in sputum samples of good and poor quality and in samples taken from different sites of the upper respiratory tracts of healthy subjects. it was found that in healthy adults the carrier rate was 5.4%, as opposed to 50.8% in children and 26.5% in people older than 60 years. m. catarrhalis was recovered significantly more often from sputum samples of good quality (5% ...	1990	2126266
labile type-specific antigen of moraxella catarrhalis.	by using hot acid extract and double-diffusion studies, an antigen isolated from clinical strains of moraxella catarrhalis, designated the c antigen, was studied. the antigen is labile, relatively trypsin insensitive, and either polysaccharide or glycoconjugate in nature. at least two serologically distinct c antigens have been identified.	1990	2126268
genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	two-high-level-tetracycline-resistance moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains were shown to carry dna sequences which hybridized with the tet b probe. the determinant appeared to be located in the chromosome and was nontransferable.	1990	2126694
in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of bay v 3522 was compared with the activities of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. mics (in micrograms/ml) of bay v 3522 were as follows: staphylococcus spp. (except for oxacillin-resistant strains), 0.13 to 1; streptococcus spp. (except for some viridans group streptococci), less than or equal to 0.015 to 0.25; enterococcus faecalis, 2 to 8; other enterococci, 0.5 to greater than 32; beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae and ...	1990	2126697
in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime against pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.	the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime, the active compound of the ester prodrug, cefpodoxime proxetil, was compared with that of other antibiotics. the susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections was determined by an agar dilution method. the mic90s of cefpodozime for ampicillin-sensitive and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae were 0.12 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively; the mic90s for ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing str ...	1990	2127267
antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae in the united states.	a national surveillance study was conducted to determine trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among three common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. fifteen participating u.s. medical centers submitted clinically significant isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae to two central laboratories for testing with a group of 12 antimicrobial agents. the majority of isolates were recovered from adult males great ...	1990	2127342
comparative in vitro activities of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) and other antimicrobial agents against staphylococci, enterococci, and respiratory tract pathogens.	the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) was compared with those of other antimicrobial agents against isolates of staphylococci, enterococci, and various respiratory tract pathogens. sparfloxacin was the most active drug tested against staphylococci (mic for 90% of the strains tested [mic90], 0.125 micrograms/ml) and enterococci (mic90, 1.0 microgram/ml). it was also active against haemophilus influenzae (mic90, less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), moraxella (branhamella) ca ...	1990	2127351
in-vitro activity of cefodizime against respiratory pathogens.	the in-vitro activity of cefodizime was studied against respiratory pathogens and was compared with the activity of other beta-lactams, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. cefodizime displayed high activity against haemophilus influenzae (mic90 0.008 mg/l), branhamella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 0.5 mg/l). klebsiella spp. were less susceptible (mic90 2 mg/l). it was concluded that cefodizime should be a useful agent in the therapy of respiratory tract infections.	1990	2127417
in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin tested against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis.	the in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, was assessed against 150 clinical isolates each of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. the mic90s for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of h. influenzae were 8 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of b. catarrhalis, the bay v 3522 mic90s were 4 and 0.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. in general, bay v 3522 was less active against h. influenzae than a ...	1990	2127558
[bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis in patients with obstructive lung disease].	during the period from february 1988 to april 1990, 214 sputum samples from copd patients with bronchopulmonary infection were quantitatively cultured. 17 strains were identified as branhamella catarrhalis, being present in 7.9% of all sputum cultures and 11.0% of those positive for a pathogen (quantity = 10(10)/l of isolated organism). half of b. catarrhalis infection was isolated in mixed with other pathogens. haemophilus influenza was the most frequently associated pathogen. the second was h. ...	1990	2128216
ear discharge after insertion of transmyringeal tubes.	the peroperative bacteriology and cytology of the middle ear have been studied in 103 ears in 65 children operated on due to longstanding secretory otitis media. within one month postoperatively, 12 ears (12%) showed signs of infection with discharge from the tube. ten out of these 12 ears showed peroperative growth of hemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, pneumococci or staphylococci in the middle ear effusions, a significant difference compared to ears without postoperative discharge ...	1990	2128487
[branhamella catarrhalis respiratory tract infections].	forty-six hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections (rti) in whom branhamella catarrhalis had been isolated were evaluated. on average they were 70 years old, there were 39 males and 7 females, 89% of them were smokers. in 85% branhamella catarrhalis caused exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and in 15% the pneumonia. most cases of this infection were detected in december and january. in vitro 78% of strains formed beta lactamasis. all 46 isolations were sensitive to cyprofloxacin, ...	1990	2129309
branhamella catarrhalis peritonitis in two continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.	two cases of peritonitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis are presented. both occurred in capd patients dialyzed and hospitalized at the same institution, but no common source of infection could be found. branhamella catarrhalis infections can be difficult to treat and cause significant morbidity if not recognized early and treated aggressively with appropriate antibiotics.	1990	2131805
in vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-60969) and clarithromycin (a-56268, te-031) against resistant haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella catarrhalis isolates.	the activity of tosufloxacin (a-60969), a new oral quinolone, and clarithromycin (a-56268, te-031), a new oral macrolide, was compared in vitro to that of other oral quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of ampicillin and/or chloramphenicol resistant haemophilus influenzae, penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase producing branhamella catarrhalis. results were compared to those for sensitive isolates. tosufloxacin was the most active c ...	1990	2142647
in vitro activity of cefonicid compared to other antibiotics against clinical bacterial isolates.	the in vitro activity of cefonicid compared to that of other antibiotics has been evaluated against 401 enterobacteriaceae, 20 h. influenzae, 17 branhamella catarrhalis and 71 staphylococci. cefonicid was always more active than cefazolin, and usually more active than cefamandole and cefuroxime against susceptible gram-negative organisms (e. coli, p. mirabilis, klebsiella, shigella, salmonella, h. influenzae). cefonicid was ineffective against most strains of enterobacter, citrobacter, s. marces ...	1990	2164309
the in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem against multiple resistant gram-negative bacteria.	one hundred and fifty gram-negative bacterial strains including respiratory pathogens, such as haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis, and enterobacteriaceae with known resistance to beta-lactam and other antibiotics were tested in vitro for sensitivity to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam (ratio 8:1), ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. a 16-fold or greater reduction in the mic90 of piperacillin was achieved by the addition of tazobactam, in the respiratory pathogens, thus ...	1990	2164513
[the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolone agents against pathogenic organisms in respiratory tract infections and its clinical effect].	the efficacy rate, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), and resistance of fluoroquinolone agents against causative organisms in respiratory tract infections from january to march, 1988 were investigated. of 333 pathogenic strains 85% consisted of 5 major causative organisms of respiratory tract infection (haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus). in 61 (59 cases) of these 333 strains, including 3 cases of a ...	1990	2176251
pulmonary host defenses and oropharyngeal pathogens.	the lower respiratory tract is repetitively inoculated with oropharyngeal bacteria and yet pneumonia is an infrequent event. efficient mechanisms of antibacterial defense are present in the respiratory tract that eliminate microbes before their presence or multiplication leads to disease in the majority of instances. resident pulmonary defenses consist of aerodynamic defenses, the mucociliary apparatus, alveolar macrophages, complement, and surfactant. these resident defenses can be augmented by ...	1990	2187343
[randomized study of cefatrizine versus cefaclor in conjunctivitis otitis syndrome].	the association conjunctivitis-otitis is highly suggestive of haemophilus influenzae infection. this conjunctivitis otitis syndrome could be a good model to assess the efficacy of different antibiotic regimen in the treatment of acute otitis media due to hi without tympanocentesis. this prospective randomized trial compared the efficacy of two orally cephalosporins which demonstrate in vitro an activity against hi. this study was conducted from 4.20.1988 to 3.15.1989 and involved 73 children wit ...	1990	2200994
overview of experience with ofloxacin in respiratory tract infection.	ofloxacin is highly active against common respiratory pathogens including haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis and has clinically applicable activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sputum, lung tissue and bronchial mucosal concentrations of ofloxacin equal or, in most cases significantly exceed the mics of such pathogens. these in vitro attributes are reflected in the results of the worldwide ofloxacin clinical trial program whic ...	1990	2218424
comparative in vitro activity of cefpirome and cefepime, two new cephalosporins.	in in vitro tests the broad-spectrum cephalosporins cefpirome and cefepime were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, although often less so against strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ticarcillin-clavulanate, and against most strains of acinetobacter spp. and aeromonas hydrophila. they were also active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, although strains with non-plasmid mediated beta-lactam resistance were sometimes less sensitive. other pseudomonas spp. varied in their sensitivit ...	1990	2226498
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522.	the activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 was compared to that of six other beta-lactam agents. bay v 3522 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, compared to mics of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for the other cephalosporins tested. it was more active against streptococcus pyogenes (mic less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml) than cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin and cefaclor. groups ...	1990	2226499
[synergy between sulbactam and ampicillin or cefoperazone in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing microorganisms. results with the use of microdilution broth method].	antimicrobial activities of sulbactam (sbt) with ampicillin (abpc) or with cefoperazone (cpz), in other words, the effects of sbt, an beta-lactamase inhibitor, against beta-lactamase producing strains of clinical isolates, were studied using microdilution broth method. 1. beta-lactamase producing strains such as staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae decompose benzylpenicillin (pcg) which is one of substrates of the acid ...	1990	2232151
[studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (iii). distribution of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the tohoku district of japan].	the bacteriology of the isolates from the throat swab and the sputum respectively of 2,539 patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in tohoku district of japan during the period from january to april in 1989 was documented. of the 2,539 patients, 1,694 had an acute upper respiratory infection, 609 had acute bronchitis, 46 had acute pneumonia, 84 had acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections and 106 had respiratory infections without diagnosis registered. 1887 ( ...	1990	2243193
[studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (iv). antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the tohoku district of japan].	we determined the mics of ampicillin, methicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefteram, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against a total of 1,448 strains from 11 species: 464 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 306 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, 114 strains of streptococcus pyogenes, 37 strains of branhamella catarrhalis, 329 strains of haemophilus influenzae, 32 strains of escherichia coli, 66 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, 26 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 20 strains of serratia marcescens, 12 st ...	1990	2243194
controversies in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.	an increasing number of cases of sore throat caused by group a beta-hemolytic streptococci occur with concomitant colonization by organisms that may "protect" the streptococci through beta-lactamase inactivation of penicillin at the site of infection. the failure of penicillin to eradicate many of these bacteria, which include staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and a multitude of pharyngeal anaerobes, may help to explain why penicillin is sometimes ...	1990	2244548
circulation in italy of beta-lactamase-producing strains within the major groups of bacterial pathogens.	a multicenter study was undertaken in italy to assess the circulation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and their current incidence within the major groups of bacterial pathogens. almost four thousand strains, all freshly isolated from clinical material, were examined at four centers serving different areas of italy. despite some significant center-to-center differences, this survey documented the occurrence of a large overall circulation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms among clinical ...	1990	2253734
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against 229 aerobic and 330 anaerobic clinical isolates was determined using the agar dilution technique. for comparison, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, erythromycin and metronidazole (only anaerobic bacteria) were tested. bay v 3522 was found to have high activity against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, en ...	1990	2261923
treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with oral cefuroxime axetil.	the subjects were adult hospitalized patients, 12 with pneumonia and eight with acute bronchitis. the patients with pneumonia received 500 mg of cefuroxime orally twice daily and the patients with bronchitis received 250 mg twice daily. treatment lasted for ten days in responsive patients. the pathogens identified in the patients' sputum were streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, enterobacter aerogenes, staphylococcus aureus, or branhamella catarrhalis. clinica ...	1990	2268866
role of new cephamycins in the management of obstetric and gynecologic infections.	the results of in vitro and in vivo studies of cefmetazole, a second-generation cephamycin, were reviewed. cefmetazole's spectrum of activity includes clinical coverage of many enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, streptococci, haemophilus species, pathogenic neisseria organisms, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and anaerobic bacteria. cefmetazole is generally two to eight times more potent than cefoxitin against organisms within their spectra and is most active against staphylococci (minimal i ...	1990	2277375
ofloxacin concentrations in tissues involved in respiratory tract infections.	the literature on the penetration of ofloxacin from blood to respiratory tissue and secretions in patients is reviewed. in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis ofloxacin has a cmax value in sputum of 2.7 mg/l after a 400 mg oral dose, 6.1 mg/l after 600 mg and 6.3 mg/l after 800 mg. penetration from blood to sputum varied from 80 to 100%. the concentration of ofloxacin in bronchial aspirate, 1 to 6 h after a single oral dose of 400 mg, varied between 1.1 and 4.5 mg/l. ...	1990	2286591
a double-blind comparison of low-dose ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin 400 mg once daily and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg three times daily were compared in a double-blind manner in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. of 102 patients enrolled, 95 (93%) could be assessed for effectiveness. treatment success was achieved in 41 (84%) of 49 patients in the ofloxacin group compared with 41 (89%) of 46 patients in the amoxycillin/clavulanic acid group. one patient who received ofloxacin and four patien ...	1990	2286595
[susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. reported by the research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates].	this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls in which susceptibilities are classified into "s", "ms", "i" and "r". ipm showed markedly high in vit ...	1990	2287060
epidemiological features and chemotherapy of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.	the epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rti) is reviewed with emphasis on acute pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia. the numerical importance of upper respiratory tract infections is stressed and their economic impact discussed. community-acquired pneumonia, although less common, is a more serious infection with a frequent requirement for hospitalization. the heterogeneous microbial aetiology of rti is stressed, together with the impact t ...	1990	2292531
[studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (ii). distribution and antibiotic sensitivity to 45 agents of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice].	the bacteriology of the isolates from the sputum or the throat swab of patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice in sendai city during the period from march in 1988 to february in 1989 was documented, and their sensitivity to 45 antimicrobial agents was determined. of the 568 patients, 514 cases had acute pharyngitis, 8 cases each had acute tonsillitis and acute bronchitis, 7 cases were acute pneumonia, 6 cases had herpangina, 18 cases had hand-foot-mouth disease ...	1990	2335751
[evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections].	imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (rti). a clinical evaluation of ipm/cs was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with rti with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as staphylococcu ...	1990	2348550
decreased absence due to infectious diseases in children at two day care centres over an eight-year interval.	causes of absence were recorded at two day care centres during a seven-month period in 1979/80 and a corresponding period in 1987/88, for 82 and 87 children, respectively. during the eight-year interval absence due to disease decreased from 8.2% to 5.7% of total day-care days. a decrease in epidemic diseases during the eight years was evident. there were no cases of morbilli, parotitis or rubella in 1987/88, following an immunisation programme for these diseases initiated in 1982. an out-break o ...	1990	2349881
the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime: a comparison with other oral cephalosporins.	the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime was studied in 529 clinical isolates and compared with the activity of other oral beta-lactams. amongst the enterobacteriaceae cefpodoxime was very active (mic90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l--other than genera commonly possessing chromosomal beta-lactamases). against these strains cefpodoxime was comparable in activity to cefixime and about eight-fold more active than cefuroxime and 8-16-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. staphylococcus aureus str ...	1990	2351624
the microbiology of chronic sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy.	chronic maxillary sinusitis is common in children with respiratory allergy and is associated with increased morbidity. the bacteriology of chronic sinus disease in these children has not been adequately evaluated. between may 1987 and january 1988, 12 children (aged 3 to 9 years), all with documented respiratory allergy and chronic respiratory symptoms consistent with chronic sinusitis (greater than 30 days), were fully evaluated. history, physical examination, complete blood count, nasal smear, ...	1990	2355153
in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new cephalosporin, compared with activities of other agents.	the in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new aminobenzothiazol cephem, was compared with those of other oral beta-lactams. bay v 3522 displayed high activity against staphylococcus spp. (mics for 90% of strains tested [mic90s], 0.5 micrograms/ml), streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml), and haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis (mic90s, 2 micrograms/ml). there was limited activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with the mic90s being between 4 and great ...	1990	2360820
[activity of cefuroxime against bacterial strains isolated from acute otitis media].	the acute otitis media is a frequent infantile disease and, in 80% of cases, a bacterial strain can be isolated from the otorrhoea. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae are the two major species isolated from auricular exudate, and represent two thirds of all isolated strains, with the others comprising staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae and corynebacteria. the treatment of this disease is based principally on beta-lactams (a ...	1990	2367151
[clinical examination of ceftibuten in acute bronchitis].	clinical evaluation of ceftibuten (cetb, 7432-s) was performed in 20 patients with acute bronchitis. they were consisted of 10 males and 10 females aged from 20 to 80 years old. cetb was given orally in daily dose of 300 mg (18 cases) or 600 mg (2 cases) in three divided portions. the duration of administration was 3 to 14 days. especially they were given for 7 days in 16 cases. a total of 11 strains comprising 4 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 2 strains of beta-streptococcus and 1 strain each ...	1990	2391747
comparative in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent.	the in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was evaluated against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. the new drug was 4- to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against a broad range of gram-positive organisms, with the new drug inhibiting 90% of strains of each species except enterococcus faecium at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. win 57273 was four- to eightfold less active than ciprofloxacin against many members of the family ...	1990	2393275
oral cephalosporins in perspective.	oral cephalosporins, after 25 years of use, continue to present the clinician with a therapeutic challenge. the older agents have been extensively prescribed for ambulatory adult and pediatric patients with a wide variety of infections caused by gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms. the newer agents, cefaclor, cefuroxime axetil, and cefixime, have increased in vitro activity against beta-lactamase-secreting strains of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis which has made th ...	1990	2405586
therapy of otitis media.	the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, complications and sequelae, and therapy of otitis media are reviewed. otitis media is one of the most common infections in infants and children. epidemiologic studies have identified season of the year, bottle versus breast feeding, socioeconomic status, race, sex, and daycare attendance as factors associated with the occurrence of otitis media. the condition is believed to arise secondary to eustachian tube dysfunction in the presence of viral or bacte ...	1990	2406100
shunt-associated ventriculitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis.		1990	1969445
pili (fimbriae) of branhamella species.	pili (fimbriae) have frequently been found to be involved in the attachment of bacteria to mucosal epithelial cells, an important initial step in the disease process. the purpose of this study was to determine if branhamella catarrhalis expresses type 4 pili.	1990	1971156
superoxol and aminopeptidase tests for identification of pathogenic neisseria species and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	the superoxol test, and prolyl aminopeptidase and gammaglutamyl aminopeptidase tests were evaluated for the detection of pathogenic neisseria spp. using 317 strains of neisseria-ceae. the superoxol test was positive for all 116 gonococci and 62 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains, but also for three strains of neisseria meningitidis, one strain of neisseria lactamica and eight saprophytic neisseriae. when using strains grown on thayer-martin medium, the positive and negative predictive v ...	1990	1974848
electron microscopic observation of branhamella catarrhalis.	the hemagglutination (ha) test was done on 85 strains of branhamella catarrhalis, isolated from sputum of patients with respiratory infections; 53% were ha positive strains. three ha positive and three ha negative strains were selected and were observed under the electron microscope. the bacterial cell wall appeared to be lobulated and its total thickness was about 38 nm. the nuclear region consisted of whorls or fibrils and dense bodies. five strains were fimbriated and one strain was nonfimbri ...	1990	1983027
accumulation of trospectomycin by strains of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli and haemophilus influenzae.	trospectomycin, unlike aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols, is accumulated by a nonsaturable, energy-independent, diffusional process in salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli and haemophilus influenzae. a deep rough mutant of s typhimurium was more susceptible and accumulated the drug faster, and f porin deficient mutants of e coli were more resistant than parental strains. trospectomycin likely uses both porin and nonporin pathways to cross the outer membrane. an e coli strain effectively accumul ...	1990	22553440
antimicrobial activity of the new macrolide flurithromycin against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus.		1989	16312369
role of fluoroquinolones in lower respiratory tract infections.	oral quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are promising agents in the treatment of serious bronchopulmonary infections due to susceptible gram-negative micro-organisms such as haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and even pseudomonas aeruginosa. their moderative activity against streptococcus pneumoniae may limit the use of these agents in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and in the empiric management of community-acquired bacterial pneumon ...	1989	2920482
surface-exposed and antigenically conserved determinants of outer membrane proteins of branhamella catarrhalis.	the outer membrane proteins (omps) of branhamella catarrhalis were studied in an effort to identify surface-exposed determinants that are conserved among strains of the bacterium. aliquots of polyclonal antiserum were absorbed individually by strains of b. catarrhalis. the absorbed antisera were tested in comparison with unabsorbed antiserum in an immunoblot assay against omps of the homologous strain. the absence of a band recognized by antibodies in the absorbed antiserum compared with the una ...	1989	2476393
[current bacteriologic status and therapeutic results in acute otitis media in children aged over 3 months].	355 children, 3 months to 15 years old, presenting with acute otitis media, underwent a bacteriological study of otitis exsudate. from november 1985 to september 1987, 162 myringotomy and 149 acute otitis media spontaneously discharging were studied in paris. from october 1981 to september 1987, 62 myringotomy and 46 spontaneously discharging acute otitis were studied in valognes. there was none pathogenic bacterium in respectively 20 and 14% of the samples. two or more pathogenic bacterium were ...	1989	2491709
branhamella catarrhalis infections.	branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis is responsible for a significant number of bronchopulmonary infections in adults, as well as otitis media and sinusitis in children. this gram-negative diplococcus is indistinguishable from neisseria gonorrhoeae on gram-stained smear. many strains of the organism produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to the penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics. when b. catarrhalis is the probable pathogen, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic is the initial drug o ...	1989	2492736
tributyrin hydrolysis for identifying branhamella catarrhalis.		1989	2493488
branhamella infections. an increasingly common respiratory illness.	branhamella catarrhalis is an important cause of acute sinusitis and otitis media in children and of acute tracheobronchitis in older persons with underlying chronic lung disease or a suppressed immune system. clinical presentation of b catarrhalis infection varies from a mild, self-limiting disease to severe pneumonia, but most cases are mild to moderate in severity. infection occurs sporadically, and endogenous spread from the oropharynx is the likely mechanism. the keys to diagnosis are a hig ...	1989	2494649
bacteriology of otitis media with effusion.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria present in the middle ear of patients with otitis media with effusion. middle ear effusions (mee), nasopharyngeal and throat swabs were obtained at operation and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. two hundred and fifty-nine effusions were obtained from 152 subjects examined. haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 32 (12.3 per cent) effusions, streptococcus pneumoniae from seven (2.7 per cent), ...	1989	2495334
acute otitis media and respiratory virus infections.	we studied the association of acute otitis media with different respiratory virus infections in a pediatric department on the basis of epidemics between 1980 and 1985. altogether 4524 cases of acute otitis media were diagnosed. the diagnosis was confirmed by tympanocentesis in 3332 ears. respiratory virus infection was diagnosed during the same period in 989 patients by detecting viral antigen in nasopharyngeal mucus. there was a significant correlation between acute otitis media and respiratory ...	1989	2495520