Publications

bioconcentration, elimination and metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in carps(cyprinus carpio l.).	bioconcentration curves of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-dnt) in carps (whole fish, liver, intestine and muscle) were investigated using semistatic system. for whole fish, its curve could be described as a gentle peak which began with a rise in concentration to summit or steady state, then declined and reached lower level followed by another steady state. for liver and intestine, their curves both contained two successive peaks, with the second peak followed by slight fluctuation. bioconcentration fact ...	1997	9353907
ether lipid composition and molecular species alterations in carp brain (cyprinus carpio l.) during normoxic temperature acclimation.	carp (cyprinus carpio l.) whole brain was used to investigate the thermal acclimation changes under normoxic conditions of three-subclasses (alkenylacyl-, alkylacyl- and diacyl-subclasses) of choline glycerophospholipids (cgp), ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (egp) and inositol glycerophospholipids (igp) as well as their acyl chain profiles and molecular species composition. the alkenylacyl subclass of cgp and igp and the alkylacyl subclass of cgp and egp varied significantly during summer (25 ...	1997	9342730
dual component in receptive field centre of bipolar cells in carp retina.	receptive field centre profiles of depolarizing (on-) and hyperpolarizing (off-) bipolar cells in dark adapted carp retina were determined by using a narrow slit of light. the spatial decline of the photoresponse was found to consist of double exponential function with small and large length constants, about 100 microns and 1 mm, respectively. these were only observed in dark adapted retinae where antagonistic surround responses were not observed. these findings suggest dual sites of electrical ...	1997	9381669
retinoids in eggs and embryos of birds fed fish from the great lakes.	retinoids were analyzed in 11-day chick embryos and eggs from white leghorn hens (gallus domesticus) fed environmentally-derived polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) in carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay. the yolks and the embryos contained all-trans-retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol and retinyl esters. there was no significant difference in the total retinoid content in the yolks of 11-day incubated eggs among hens fed for 7 weeks diets containing 0.5-6.6 mg pcb/kg diet. however, the proportional a ...	1997	21781788
gonadotropin alpha-subunit glycoprotein from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and its expression during hormone-induced ovulation.	complementary dna (cdna) encoding the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) gonadotropin (gth) alpha-subunit glycoprotein was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from a plasmid library made from pituitary rna. complete cdna cloning was achieved by carrying out two pcr reactions: one with an upstream sense primer plus the universal sequencing primer, located downstream of the poly(a) sequence of the cdna in the plasmid vector, to amplify the downstream portion of the cdna; the other with a ...	1997	9284560
in vivo and in vitro effects of deltamethrin on cytochrome p450 monooxygenase activity in carp (cyprinus carpio l) liver.	the in vivo and in vitro effects of the insecticide deltamethrin (dm) on hepatic cytochrome p450 (cyt p450) monooxygenase were examined in adult carp. the in vivo experiments were carried out with 0.2 microgram/l dm at 20 degrees c. the changes in the hepatic microsomal cyt p450 content and the cyt p450-dependent monooxygenase activities were studied in dm-treated fish. although there were no changes in the cyt p450 content during the exposure time, after treatment for 24 h all the investigated ...	1997	9269084
rodlet cells in the epidermis of fish exposed to stressors.	rodlet cells (rc) were detected in the epidermis of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to stressors (e.g. acid water, heavy metals, thermal elevation, polluted water of the rhine river, water loaded with organic manure, and distilled water), as well as after wounding. these cells were not found in the epidermis of fish kept under control conditions, thus suggesting that the appearance of rc in the epidermis is stressor-related. immature rc, resembling mucous cells, we ...	1997	18627825
structure and expression of carp mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous to mammalian jnk/sapk.	two distinct stress-activated protein kinase (jnka and b) cdnas were isolated from a carp ovary cdna library. these cdnas contained a full-length open reading frame encoding 427 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 48.6 kda. the deduced amino acid sequences of jnka and b were 95.8% identical, with 18 residues replaced, and showed a high degree of sequence similarity to mammalian jnk/sapk subgroup including the common dual phosphorylation motif of tpy. by northern blot analysis, the carp ...	1997	9378717
differential scanning calorimetry and cd spectrometry of acclimation temperature-associated types of carp light meromyosin.	differential scanning calorimetry and cd spectrometry were employed to study the thermal unfolding of light meromyosin (lmm) prepared from carp acclimated to different temperatures. the transition temperatures given by the major peaks at ph 8.0 in 0.6 m kcl for lmm from carp acclimated to 10 degrees c were 32.5 and 39.5 degrees c with the calorimetric enthalpies (deltahcal) of 269 and 52 kcal/mol, respectively. lmm from carp acclimated to 20 degrees c exhibited three peaks of transition temperat ...	1997	9230050
effects of extracellular environment on the osmotic signal transduction involved in activation of motility of carp spermatozoa.	the mechanism by which a hypo-osmotic shock activates motility of carp spermatozoa was studied. the direct role of osmolality at the axoneme was investigated after demembranation of spermatozoa with triton x-100 and reactivation in various ionic or anionic solutions containing mg-atp: demembranated spermatozoa remain motile in solutions of osmolality up to 550 mosm kg-1 while non-demembranated spermatozoa are immotile when osmolality rises above 250 mosm kg-1 with the same salt solutions as well ...	1997	9306986
separation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) thrombocytes by using a monoclonal antibody, and their aggregation by collagen.	a monoclonal antibody against carp peripheral blood leucocytes was produced, and its reactivity analysed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. the antibody reacted positively with 10-35% of the cells in a fraction of lymphocytes and thrombocytes that was separated by flow cytometry. electron microscopy using immunogold labelling showed that this antibody reacted strongly with thrombocytes, but not with other leucocytes. by using a magnetic separator, leucocytes that were positive and negati ...	1997	9261970
cloning and characterization of pejerrey mitochondrial dna and its application for rflp analysis	probes were cloned, characterized, and developed for all regions of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of pejerrey odontesthes bonariensis to provide the basis for the study of genetic diversity of south american atherinopsinii and to enable species identification from small amounts of tissue. the mtdna was extracted from liver and cleaved with eco ri, producing four fragments (7·4, 3·4, 3·1 and 2·9 kb) which were cloned using puc118 plasmid vectors. sequence analysis from ...	1997	9236099
use of seasonally flooded marshes by fish in a mediterranean wetland: timing and demographic consequences	in the camargue (southern france), movements of fish between a canal and two seasonally flooded marshes were monitored continuously by fish traps for 3 years for one marsh and for 2 years for the other. the timing of the entry and exit of the main species was determined together with species annual demographic balance, defined as the difference between the number of fish leaving and the number of fish entering. only some of the species inhabiting the canal colonized the marshes. except those spe ...	1997	9236092
quantitative distributions of different cholinesterases and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by metidathion and paraquat in alimentary canal of common carp.	1. the cholinesterases play an important role in the innervation of organs. the ratio of solubilized to membrane-bound cholinesterase and the quantitative distributions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were measured in different segments of the gut of carp (cyprinus carpio) connected with different types of nerve-muscle synapses in different parts of the alimentary tract. 2. the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.7.) by the herbicide paraquat and the insecticide metida ...	1997	9195193
effects of chelation on the bioconcentraton of cadmium and copper by carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		1997	9184051
spontaneous formation of intercellular bile canaliculi and hybrid biliary-pancreatic canaliculi in co-culture of hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas cells from carp.	when cultured together in a primary serum-free hormone-free system, hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas cells from the carp, cyprinus carpio, spontaneously establish unique morphological structures that do not occur in vivo. these structures include intercellular bile canaliculi between neighbouring hepatocytes and hybrid canaliculi between hepatocytes and pancreas cells. in vivo, carp hepatocytes form only unicellular bile canaliculi; hybrid canaliculi between hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas ce ...	1997	9182614
off pathway is preferentially suppressed by the activation of gaba(a) receptors in carp retina.	this study examines the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on the on and off pathways in isolated, superfused carp retina. in most (76%) of amacrine cells bath-applied gaba preferentially suppressed the off response. the effect of gaba was blocked by bicuculline. baclofen did not cause a similar effect. furthermore, gaba produced a substantial suppression of the off bipolar cell response. we conclude that the preferential suppression of the off pathway may be due to a presynaptic inhibitio ...	1997	9219876
conservation of apoptosis as an immune regulatory mechanism: effects of cortisol and cortisone on carp lymphocytes.	this is the first study to show that apoptosis as an immune regulatory mechanism is conserved in fish, demonstrating its importance in maintaining immunological homeostasis. the data further show that this mechanism is subject to control by glucocorticosteroids. carp plasma cortisol concentrations increase from 20 to 434 ng/ml and cortisone from 5 to 50 ng/ml within 9 min of the onset of handling stress. at basal steroid concentrations in vitro, cortisol, but not its conversion product cortisone ...	1997	9299059
structural differences in the crossbridge head of temperature-associated myosin subfragment-1 isoforms from carp fast skeletal muscle.	we determined the primary structures of the three acclimation-temperature-associated isoforms of myosin subfragment-1 heavy chain from fast skeletal muscle of thermally acclimated carp. these isoforms were cloned by extending 5'-regions of cdnas that encode the rod part of myosin heavy chain specifically expressed in 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp, together with the region that encodes an intermediate structure [imai, j., hirayama, y., kikuchi, k., kakinuma, m. & watabe, s. (1997 ...	1997	9208928
melatonin levels in the gastrointestinal tissues of fish, amphibians, and a reptile.	melatonin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of several species of fish (sturgeon, rainbow trout, carp), amphibians (axolotl, leopard frog, bullfrog), and one reptile (red-sided garter snake), which were sacrificed during the daytime. the highest levels of melatonin were detected in the snake [means = 1018 pg/g stomach, 328 pg/g proximal gut (pg), 511 distal gut (dg)] and carp (means = 102 pg/g stomach, 146 pg/g pg and 141 pg/g dg). lowest levels were found in t ...	1997	9204376
neuroendocrine effects on adrenal hormone secretion in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the responses of interrenal and chromaffin tissues of carp to acetylcholine (ach) and its agonists/antagonists were studied in an in vitro perifusion system of head kidney. there was a dose-dependent release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to ach between 0.01 and 100 mm added for 15 min to the incubation medium. cortisol secretion was also stimulated, but the response peaked at 1.0 mm ach and was attenuated with 10 or 100 mm ach. the maximal release occurred about 30 min after addition of the ...	1997	9204364
purification and cloning of carp nephrosin, a secreted zinc endopeptidase of the astacin family.	we have purified a secreted proteinase of 23 kda from carp head kidney by sequential column chromatography on a reactive blue 72-agarose dye affinity column and an fplc mono-p column. the secretion of this proteinase from carp head kidney can be stimulated by high concentrations of potassium. since the carp proteinase is present mainly in the head kidney, kidney, and spleen (all of which are lymphohematopoietic organs), it is named nephrosin. the carp nephrosin is most sensitive to metal chelato ...	1997	9153232
a second type of rod opsin cdna from the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	a second type of rhodopsin cdna from carp (crh-ii) shared 97.2% polynucleotide identity with the previously reported crh-i. the deduced amino acid sequences of crh-i and crh-ii exhibited 98.6% identity. the key difference between these two types of crh is that valine at position 169 of crh-i was replaced by glutamic acid in crh-ii. southern blot analysis of genomic dna showed that there were two types of crh gene. these two rod opsin genes were proven to be expressed in carp retinas by using rt- ...	1997	9177476
organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus).	the effect of the organophosphate insecticide dichlorvos on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative and redox parameters of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus) were studied. changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and in the case of carp acetylcholinesterase activities were studied in tissue homogenates. other parameters studied: changes of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and the amounts of two radicals, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals ...	1997	9206589
effects of nitric oxide on the horizontal cell network and dopamine release in the carp retina.	in the teleost retina the intercellular messenger nitric oxide can be synthesized by several cell types including cone photoreceptors and h1 horizontal cells, indicating a modulatory role within the outer plexiform layer, the first stage of the visual information processing. therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of nitric oxide on the physiology of cone horizontal cells in the intact retina. the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (0.5-2.5 mm) enhanced the light respo ...	1997	9196728
a pulsed field gradient nmr study of the aggregation and hydration of parvalbumin.	pulsed field gradient nmr is a convenient alternative to traditional methods for measuring diffusion of biological macromolecules. in the present study, pulsed field gradient nmr was used to study the effects of calcium binding and hydration on carp parvalbumin. carp parvalbumin is known to undergo large changes in tertiary structure with calcium loading. the diffusion coefficient is a sensitive guide to changes in molecular shape and in the present study the large changes in tertiary structure ...	1997	17029854
desensitizing gabac receptors on carp retinal bipolar cells.	bicuculline- and baclofen-insensitive gaba receptors (gabac receptors) on bipolar cells acutely dissociated from carp retina were investigated with using the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. the currents of these cells mediated by gabac receptors showed striking desensitization, even at low concentrations of gaba. both the time constant tau of the gabac current decay and the extent of desensitization were significantly different from that of gabac receptors previously observed in othe ...	1997	9172130
selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions of low levels in carp retina.	selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. using 10 munol/l co(2+), rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in superfused, isolated retina, while cone-driven horizontal cells were almost unaffected. similarly, scotopic electroretinographic bwave was suppressed by 10 munol/l co(2+), while the photopic b-wave remained unaffected. furthermore, the glutamate-isolated receptor potential (piii) was ...	1997	18726308
fin cell line from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp.		1997	9156334
molecular cloning and growth hormone-regulated gene expression of carp insulin-like growth factor-i.	two distinct insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) cdnas were isolated from a juvenile carp liver cdna library. both of the cdnas encoded a full length prepro igf-i with 161 amino acids: a mature peptide (70 residues), its signal peptide (44 residues), and a carboxy-terminal e domain (47 residues). the similarity of the two cdna in the open reading frame was 95.1%. the amino acid sequences of e domain predicted by the two cdnas were different while those of the signal peptide and the mature pepti ...	1997	9137817
role of extracellular and intracellular ph in carp sperm motility and modifications by hyperosmosis of regulation of the na+/h+ exchanger.	recently developed flow cytometric methods (trón et al.: mol immunol 27:1307-1311, 1990) to measure the intracellular ph (phi) and intracellular potassium concentration in mammalian cells by using the fluorescent ph-indicator dye 2',7bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf) were adopted for measuring these parameters in carp sperm. the intracellular potassium concentration of the carp sperm was 62.4 +/- 5.3 mm. this is very similar to the potassium concentration of the seminal p ...	1997	9098630
breeding value and variance component estimation from data containing inbred individuals: application to gynogenetic families in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	under gynogenetic reproduction, offspring receive genes only from their dams and completely homozygous offspring are produced within one generation. when gynogenetic reproduction is applied to fully inbred individuals, homozygous clone lines are produced. a mixed model method was developed for breeding value and variance component estimation in gynogenetic families, which requires the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix. a general method for creating the inverse for a population with un ...	1997	9093872
water household of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, when submitted to an osmotic challenge, as determined by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 7 t.	in vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was used to determine the effects of an osmotic challenge (1% nacl) to a freshwater fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the imaged region covered organs such as the swimbladder, the liver, the kidney, the intestine, the spinal cord, and muscle tissue. a striking difference between salt-treated and control fish was found in the liver. the apparent diffusion coefficient value of livers from control fish was (0.39 +/- 0.16) 10(-9) m2/ ...	1997	9219174
molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp zp2 gene.	the cdnas encoding carp zp2 homologous to winter flounder and mammalian zp2 were cloned. carp zp2 contains a tandemly repetitive domain and a nonrepetitive domain. a repeat is composed of 13 amino-acid residues whose consensus sequence is qqtsqqfqpqkpa/v. the length of the repetitive domain is highly variable, but that of the nonrepetitive domain is fairly constant among various cdnas. the termination codons of various cdnas appear at three different positions. three groups of cdnas were therefo ...	1997	9041128
cadmium-induced changes in the histology of kidneys in common carp, cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).		1997	9008057
differential effects of nitric oxide on rod and cone pathways in carp retina.	the effects of nitric oxide (no) on electroretinograms and light responses of horizontal cells intracellularly recorded from isolated, superfused carp retinas were studied. sodium nitroprusside (snp), an no donor, suppressed scotopic b wave, while enhancing photopic b wave, and the effects could be blocked by hemoglobin, an no chelator. furthermore, following snp application, light responses of rod horizontal cells were reduced in size and those of cone horizontal cells were increased. these res ...	1997	18726301
substrate specificity of carp cyprinus carpio cathepsin h with methylcoumarylamide substrates.	cathepsin h was purified from the crude extract of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas by a reformed method involving six stages, and the specific activity increased about 11,500-fold with a 23% recovery. of varying fluorescent synthetic substrates tested, carp cathepsin h possessed an ability to hydrolyze four n-terminal unblocked substrates those are composed of a single amino acid bound to 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (mca), namely leu-mca, arg-mca, lys-mca and ala-mca. in contrast the enzyme w ...	1997	9206588
ketone body metabolism in the carp cyprinus carpio: biochemical and 1h nmr spectroscopical analysis.	in fed and starved carp, cyprinus carpio, ketone body metabolism and those metabolic and endocrine factors that are known to induce ketogenesis in starving mammals were investigated. acetoacetate was detected in plasma and liver of both fed and starved carp. we could not detect 3-hydroxybutyrate, neither by 1h-nmr spectroscopy nor by spectrophotometric assay, in spite of low activities of hepatic 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. starvation of carp did not create metabolic conditions that would f ...	1997	9159888
purification and characterization of myofibril-bound serine proteinase from carp cyprinus carpio ordinary muscle.	1. a novel myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbp) has been purified from ordinary muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio. 2. it was solubilized from the myofibril fraction with acid treatment (under the conditions of 0.6 m kcl, ph 4.0), then purified by column chromatographic steps on ultrogel aca 54, and arginine-sepharose 4b. 3. the purified enzyme revealed a single protein band on sds-page, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 30 kda by sds-page and gel filtration. 4. the optimum ph and te ...	1997	9159882
the two essential light chains of carp fast skeletal myosin, lc1 and lc3, are encoded by distinct genes and change their molar ratio following temperature acclimation.	cdna libraries were constructed from fast skeletal muscles of carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c for a minimum of 5 weeks and were screened for myosin alkali light chains, lc1 and lc3, using an anti-skipjack lc1 polyclonal antibody. two types of lc1 cdna clone were isolated and termed lc1a and lc1b: their nucleotide sequences showed 92% homology. the ratio of lc1a to lc1b cdna clones isolated was approximately 3:1, showing no apparent changes following temperature acclimation. the occurrence ...	1997	9076962
characterization of hepatic metallothionein expression in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.	measurements of metallothioneins (mts) can be labour intensive and require expensive probes and or analytical instrumentation. in contrast, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr0 has provided a relatively sensitive and simple mechanism to measure expression of mt in sentinel species in aquatic environments. the objectives of this study were to characterize expression of hepatic mt in a commonly occurring fish species of the southeastern united states, the channel catfish (i ...	1997	23899176
organochlorine pollutants level in fish from mariut lake, alexandria, egypt.	the residues of 25 organochlorine pollutants, as well as 3 aroclors were analyzed by capillary glc in two tillipia fish species and cyprinus carpio collected from mariut lake, alexandria, egypt. the studied pollutants were ddt's isomers, hexachlorocyclohexane (hchs) isomers, as well as cyclodiene compounds, mirex, methoxychlor, toxaphene and hexa-chlorobenzene (hcb), aroclors 1248, 1254 and 1260, in addition to 9 individual pcbs congeners. lipid content percentage ranged from 1.6 to 4.3% as judg ...	1997	17265633
giant mitochondria as possible bioindicators of environmental injuries in fish liver.	the effect of hypoxia (80 phg) and simultaneously applied paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridynum dichloride) was investigated on carp liver using electron microscopic methods. the appearance of giant mitochondria was the most conspicuous alteration in the liver cells. most of the giant mitochondria were elongated and rod-shaped, often arranged side by side forming clusters beside the nucleus. crook-like and irregular forms also occured among giant mitochondria. the lenght of the giant mitochond ...	1997	11173631
intra-oral food manipulation of carp and other cyprinids: adaptations and limitations.	the heterogeneity of the cyprinid fishes (about 2000 species) and their feeding requires a general model of aquatic feeding. in this model the timing of mouth and gill slit opening and the relative contribution of head expansion and swimming are determining factors. the following elements have been distinguished in the feeding process of cyprinid fishes: search/choice, intake (particulate intake and gulping), size-and taste selection, intra-oral transport (including repositioning), mastication a ...	1997	9421579
study of the effects of brief exposure to an organophosphorous insecticide (methidathion) on blood characteristics of carp (cyprinus carpio).	1. carp with the dorsal aorta cannulated have been used to study the effects of a 5 hour exposure to methidathion at concentrations of 2 or 6 mg/litre. blood samples taken during control, exposed and recovery periods were used to determine plasma acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, haematocrit value, mean cell volume, total plasma protein, and filtration time through nucleopore filters containing pores of 8 microns. 2. a drastic inhibition of ache activity was observed and this continued durin ...	1997	9404539
a comparison of blood composition in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using samples obtained from caudal vessels and dorsal aorta cannulae.	blood samples have been taken from chronic cannulae in the dorsal aorta of carp under anaesthesia and at intervals of 24, 29 and 101 hours later. a few minutes after the 29 hours and 101 hours sampling was completed similar quantities (1 ml) were withdrawn from a caudal vessel. all samples were treated in the same way and determinations made of haematocrit value, total protein, glucose concentration and activity of the following plasma enzymes-acetylcholinesterase (ache), glutamic oxaloacetic tr ...	1997	9404538
detection of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio exposed to metallic mercury.	cyprinus carpio fish (carp), exposed to elemental or metallic mercury (hg0) at concentrations of 2.0, 20.0, and 200.0 mg per liter of water, were kept in concrete tanks for 159 days. ten fish were used for each concentration level. thirteen samples of peripheral blood were collected from each animal through gill puncture, 12 during the first 90 days of the experiment, and the last one at the end of the experiment. the micronucleus test (mnt) was designed to study dose and time yield effects of m ...	1997	9366907
[growth and carcass quality of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fed different cereals, lupin seed or zooplankton].	120 carp (cyprinus carpio l.) with an average initial weight of 516 g, were kept in 20 tanks at a water temperature of 23 degrees c and given five different commercially practical diets to an end weight of approximately 1000 g. four of the diets consisted of more than 50% of the traditional sole feeds wheat (w), rye (r), maize (m), or lupin seed (l), mixed with other ingredients to give diets with similar concentration of energy and crude protein. the fifth diet consisted exclusively of deep fro ...	1997	9304388
the effect of alternate-day low dose prednisolone on bone age in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome.	radius, ulna, short bones (rus), carpal (carp) bone age (ba), tibial cortico-diaphyseal (c/d) ratio and trabecular aspect were assessed in 19 children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome and 15 age matched healthy children. both rus and carp ba were significantly lower than in the controls. trabecular aspect and tibial c/d ratio did not show any statistical significance. there was a positive correlation between hsds and rus ba delay (r = -0.476, p < 0.05); carp ba delay and rus ba delay (r ...	1997	9285311
morphometry of the kidneys of fresh water percoid and ostariophysian teleosts.	kidneys of four fresh water teleost species representing percormorpha (oreochromis niloticus and micropterus salmoides) and ostariophysi (cyprinus carpio and clarias mossambicus) were studied for quantitative structural characteristics using tissues fixed by perfusion. the renosomatic index (weight of kidney/weight of fish) was higher in the ostariophysian than percoid fish (p < 0.05) but values of volume of nephronic tissue/body weight were not significantly different. results obtained by point ...	1997	9199699
effects of diethyl-dithiocarbamate on antioxidant system in carp tissue.	the influence the pro- and antioxidant values the diethyl-dithiocarbamate (ddtc) in different concentrations in carp tissues was studied. from antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathion peroxidase activity changes were studied in tissue homogenates. beside enzyme activities tissue lipid peroxidation (lp), reduced glutathione (gsh) and hydroxyl radical loading of the tissues were measured. our results indicate that ddtc affects antioxidant parameters by generating gsh excess ...	1997	9199696
nitric oxide, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and light/dark adaptation modulate short-wavelength-sensitive synaptic transmission to retinal horizontal cells.	light-induced changes in the input resistance (rin) of external, luminosity (i.e. h1) type horizontal cell (hc) perikarya were studied by the bridge-balance method in light-adapted and dark-adapted retinae of carp. changes in input resistance (delta rin) induced by short-(460 nm) and long-wavelength (674 nm) flashes, adjusted in intensity to elicit equal-amplitude membrane voltage responses (equal-voltage condition), were measured. in light-adapted retinae, long-wavelength stimuli increased rin ...	1997	9089700
contrasting strategies for anoxic brain survival--glycolysis up or down.	anoxia-tolerant turtles and carp (carassius) exhibit contrasting strategies for anoxic brain survival. in the turtle brain, the energy consumption is deeply depressed to the extent of producing a comatose-like state. brain metabolic depression is brought about by activating channel arrest to reduce ion flux and through the release of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and the upregulation of gabaa receptors. key glycolytic enzymes are down-regulated during prolonged anoxia. the result is ...	1997	9050250
cdna cloning of myosin heavy chain isoforms from carp fast skeletal muscle and their gene expression associated with temperature acclimation.	we have isolated cdna clones encoding fast skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains of carp acclimated to 10, 20 and 30 degrees c for over 5 weeks. all clones covered at least the full length of l-meromyosin, the c-terminal part of the myosin molecule. nucleotide sequence analysis on cdna clones showed three types of 3' untranslated sequences, demonstrating that carp expresses at least three myosin heavy chain isoforms in fast skeletal muscle in an acclimation-temperature-dependent manner. cdnas were ...	1997	9023993
[repression of voltage gated k+ channel expressed in xenopus oocytes after injection total rna from carp retina by an antisense oligonucleotide].	injection of total rna from carp retina induced the formation of a membrane k+ channel in xenopus oocytes. we found an oligonucleotide complementary to the mrna coding for a peptide fragment in the k+ channel of drosophila and mice could suppress the k+ channel current in a very specific manner. this provides important information for the cloning of this gene and for studying it's function.	1996	9389159
deltamethrin multifactorial activity toward carp larva mobility related to calcium, humic acids, and ph.	the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was assessed by the "escaping capability" of carp larvae out of a trap. mobility was tested after 1, 4, and 12 hr exposure to eight deltamethrin concentrations in standard water and after 24 hr exposure to seven deltamethrin concentrations in 18 media derived from the combinations of ph levels of 6.9, 7.8, 9.0, calcium concentrations of 2 . 10(-4) and 2 . 10(-2) m, and humic acid concentrations on 0, 5 and 100 mg/liter. in standard water, a 1-h ...	1996	9007004
the use of enzyme-digested soybean residue for feeding common carp.	this experiment was an attempt to use the soybean residue derived from the production of "soy milk". the residue contains about 18% protein, 70% carbohydrates and 7.5% lipid as fish feed for rearing common carp, cyprinus carpio. there were 4 types of diets: (1) soybean residue, (2) soybean residue digested with papain, (3) soybean residue (64%) mixed with beef liver (34%) and (4) same mixture as (3) but digested with papain. the results indicate that the percentage increase in weight and length ...	1996	8988811
toxic effects of synthetic pyrethroids on cyprinus carpio linn. eggs.		1996	8875851
feminization of male carp.		1996	8918871
effects of isotonic swelling on the intracellular bohr factor and the oxygen affinity of trout and carp blood.	blood samples from carp and trout were exposed to overnight tonometry in the presence of noradrenaline to obtain isosmotic cell swelling. the intracellular fixed acid bohr factor (φfa(i)) were then measured and compared to the values for unswollen cells (holk and lykkeboe 1995). an increase in oxygen affinity appeared for both carp and trout. part of this increase could be explained by a lower content of organic phosphates, whereas the rest of the increase was ascribed to changes in the associat ...	1996	24194296
stimulation of proliferation of an essential fatty acid-deficient fish cell line by c20 and c22 polyunsaturated fatty acids and effects on fatty acid composition.	recently we reported the development of a fish cell line, epc-efad, derived from the carp (cyprinus carpio) epithelial papilloma line, epc, that could survive and proliferate in essential fatty acid-deficient (efad) medium. the epc-efad cell line may be a useful model system in which to study the cellular biochemical effects of efa deficiency and has advantages in studies of polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) and eicosanoid metabolism in fish in that the complications introduced by culture in rel ...	1996	8981632
the bioconcentration of 131i in fresh water fish.	the dynamic characteristics of the radionuclide concentration process in fresh water fish have been studied. the experimental data for the tilapias were fitted using a simple compartment model to get characteristic parameters such as concentration factors, elimination rate constants, and initial concentration rates, which are 3.08 bq kg-1/bq l-1, 0.00573 h-1, and 12.42 bq kg-1 h-1, respectively. the relative concentrations of 131i in different parts, i.e., head, gills, flesh, bone and internal o ...	1996	8887517
high transgene activity in the yolk syncytial layer affects quantitative transient expression assays in zebrafish danio rerio) embryos.	for the purpose of studying the factors that cause wide variation in transient transgene expression in individual fish, a lacz reporter gene linked to a carp beta-actin regulatory sequence was introduced into zebrafish embryos. as a general trend, a correlation between the number of transgene copies injected and the level of transgene expression was found. however, a substantial variation in the level of expression still occurred that could not be attributed to technical factors such as the diff ...	1996	8840526
carp reproduction in highly eutrophic pond conditions.		1996	8791563
relative susceptibility of different life stages of channa punctatus and cyprinus carpio to nickel-chrome electroplating effluent.		1996	8791562
growth hormone, gonad development, and steroid levels in female carp.	the pituitary and plasma growth hormone (gh) levels of female carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were measured in fish of various sizes and degrees of maturity, and were matched against the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-p), and progesterone (p) in the ovary and plasma. the short-term action of the above hormones and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-p) on the release of gh was examined in vitro in primary culture pituitary cells. the ...	1996	9568360
lower activation energy for sliding of f-actin on a less thermostable isoform of carp myosin.	we have examined the temperature-dependence of sliding velocity of fluorescent f-actin on myosins isolated from 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp. activation energies for the sliding of f-actin were 63 and 111 kj/mol for the 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp myosins, respectively. arrhenius plots of the sliding velocity from 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp myosin were shown to intersect at high temperature (about 30 degrees c). the thermostability estimat ...	1996	8947842
determination of phagocyte activity in whole blood of carp (cyprinus carpio) by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence.	in this study, the phagocytic capacity of fish peripheral blood leucocytes was studied using the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (cl) method. suspensions of rice starch (1%) or opsonized zymosan particles-ozp (0.2%) were used as activators. the level of cl was detected at 25 degrees c in various whole blood volumes (100, 50, 20 a 10 microliters) during the mixed or unmixed measurement mode. the peak of cl in all starch-activated samples was between 2.0-4.0 mv, regardless of blood volume or a ...	1996	8933714
vitellogenin induction and reduced serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (cyprinus carpio) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant.	endocrine disrupting chemicals can potentially alter the reproductive physiology of fishes. to test this hypothesis, serum was collected from common carp (cyprinus carpio) at five riverine locations in minnesota. male fish collected from an effluent channel below the st. paul metropolitan sewage treatment plant had significantly elevated serum egg protein (vitellogenin) concentrations and significantly decreased serum testosterone concentrations compared to male carp collected from the st. croix ...	1996	8930552
deltamethrin lethal multifactorial activity toward carp larva related to ph, calcium, and humic acid concentrations.	acute 24-hr embryotoxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide delta-methrin toward carp larvae was tested in multifactorial combinations of three phs (6.9, 7.8, 9.0), two calcium concentrations ([ca] = 2 x 10(-4) and 2 x 10(-2) m), and three humic acids concentrations ([ha] = 0, 5, and 100 mg/liter). lethal effects were determined and compared to the distribution and hexane extractibility of radiolabeled deltamethrin in the solution and on the vessel walls, either in the presence or in the absence of ...	1996	8930502
evidence for multiple distinct major histocompatibility complex class i lineages in teleostean fish.	in the context of studies on the expression of mhccyca-z sequences of the common carp, pcr amplifications of exon 4 were performed on cdna obtained from pooled thymi of 20 carp f1 individuals. five recombinant clones (cyca-tc3, -tc13, -tc15, -tc17 and -tc18) were found to be 96% similar to the exon 4 region of cyca-za1. each of the five sequences was unique, and differed in a few positions in both the nucleotide and the derived amino acid sequences from any of the cyca-z sequences known to date. ...	1996	8909944
tissue-specific changes in protein synthesis rates in vivo during anoxia in crucian carp.	mechanisms of anoxia tolerance were investigated in crucian carp. rates of protein synthesis were calculated in selected tissues of normoxic and anoxic animals. exposure to 48 h of anoxia resulted in a significant reduction in protein synthesis in the liver (> 95%), heart (53%), and red and white muscle (52 and 56%, respectively), whereas brain protein synthesis rates were unaffected. seven days of anoxia produced similar results. after 24 h of recovery from a 48-h anoxic period, protein synthes ...	1996	8897979
histochemistry of nadph-diaphorase--a marker for neuronal nitric oxide synthase--in the carp retina.	the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) diaphorase histochemical technique was used as a marker to assess the distribution of nitric oxide synthase activity in the carp retina. nadph-diaphorase activity was found to be present in photoreceptors (rods and cones), horizontal cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, müller cells and ganglion cells. staining was most prominent in the photoreceptor ellipsoids but was not confined to any particular subtype. the density of the staining wit ...	1996	8813246
evidence of sensory conflict and recovery in carp exposed to prolonged weightlessness.	evidence in support of the sensory conflict hypothesis for space motion sickness (sms) is still needed.	1996	8775405
cold-induced expression of delta 9-desaturase in carp by transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.	poikilothermic animals respond to chronic cold by increasing phosphoglyceride unsaturation to restore the fluidity of cold-rigidified membranes. despite the importance of this compensatory response, the enzymes involved have not been clearly identified, and the mechanisms that control their activity are unknown. in carp liver, cold induces an 8- to 10-fold increase in specific activity of the microsomal stearoyl coenzyme a desaturase. cold-induced up-regulation of gene transcription resulted in ...	1996	8629000
microcalorimetric study of mitochondria isolated from fish liver tissue.	we determined the thermogenesis curves of mitochondria isolated from fish liver tissue by using an lkb 2277 bioactivity monitor. after isolation from the fish liver, mitochondria still have activity and can live for a long time by using the stored nutrients. we calculated the recovery rate constants of mitochondria. we found that the thermogenesis curves of mitochondria are similar to those obtained from prokaryotic cells, but not similar to those obtained from eukaryotic cells. we determined th ...	1996	8675962
biochemical and histopathological effects of glyphosate on carp, cyprinus carpio l.	glyphosate, also known by the trade names roundup and rodeo for agricultural use, is a broad-spectrum, translocated herbicide, used primarily in agricultural applications, and for vegetation control in non-crop areas. it is used as non-selective herbicide and for aquatic weed control in fish-ponds, lakes, canals, slow running water, etc. (usda 1984). glyphosate is perhaps the most important herbicide ever developed. literature of toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of glyphosate is ext ...	1996	8720103
the innervation of the chromaffin cells in the head kidney of the carp, cyprinus carpio; regional differences of the connections between nerve endings and chromaffin cells.	nerve fibres and their connections with chromaffin cells in the carp head kidney were studied by light and electron microscopy. some nerve bundles entered the head kidney from the dorsal aspect along veins. many unmyelinated axons emerged from the nerve bundles to invade the clusters of chromaffin cells, the distribution of which was restricted to the neighbourhood of the venous trunks and their tributaries. most of the nerve endings were attached to a chromaffin cell by synaptic junctions and w ...	1996	8655401
central monoaminergic responses to salinity and temperature rises in common carp	juvenile common carp, cyprinus carpio, were exposed to increased levels of salinity (1 % nacl) at 25 °c and 30 °c. levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (da) and serotonin (5-ht) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined in different brain parts. whereas the elevated temperature only resulted in higher levels of the metabolites, increased salinity caused increased levels of da and 5-ht as well. increased levels appeared a ...	1996	9319510
local differences in myotendinous junctions in axial muscle fibres of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)	we studied the myotendinous junctions of anterior and posterior red and white axial muscle fibres of carp using stereology. in posterior axial muscle fibres of swimming fish, stress (load on the myotendinous junction) must be higher than in anterior fibres as posterior fibres have a longer phase of eccentric activity. as we expected the magnitude of the load on the junction to be reflected in its structure, we compared the interfacial ratio, the ratio between the area of the junctional sarcolemm ...	1996	9318603
characterization of antigens specific for spermatozoa and germ cells during early gonadal development of carp (cyprinus carpio, cyprinidae, teleostei) with monoclonal antibodies.		1996	9087770
expression of hoxb-3 in carp (cyprinus carpio) embryos.		1996	9087714
embryonic expression of carp-ovx1.		1996	9087713
the distribution of nitrerg neurons in the brain of carp and the effect of nos specific inhibitors on their nadph diaphorase activity.		1996	9044358
[changes in the blood morphofunctional characteristics of cyprinid fishes in ammonia poisoning].	changes in the carp blood and hemoglobin caused by action of threshold levels (0.1 mg/1 litre) of ammonia have been investigated. a decrease in the quantity of erythrocytes, increase in the amount of leucocytes and hematocrit are determined. concentration of oxyhemoglobin falls. general hemoglobin, desoxyhemoglobin and, particularly, methemoglobin increase. changes in the curve of dissociation of oxyhemoglobin with a shift to the right, which causes an increase in p50 are found. ammonia induces ...	1996	8991714
suggestion and veridicality in the reconstruction of sexual trauma, or can a bait of suggestion catch a carp of falsehood?	freud used the term suggestion in psychoanalysis in different ways, including suggestion as an integral part of the transference and suggestion in the sense of undue influence or technical error. this distinction can be expressed in terms of the patient's suggestibility (capacity for transference) and the analyst's unwarranted suggestion or persuasion representing countertransference, theoretical bias, or a departure from technical neutrality. whether suggestion is explicit or implicit, the effe ...	1996	8987016
[the effect of carbophos on the immunocompetent cells and structure of the spleen in the carp cyprinus carpio].	the response of immunocompetent cells of underyearling carps on different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ml/l) of phospho-organic pesticide in water is described. data on changes in the ultrastructural organization of immunocytes and their relationship with toxicant concentrations are given.	1996	8966756
morphological and kinetic changes of carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa after initiation of motility in distilled water.	studies on the flagellar movement of carp spermatozoa induced by dilution in distilled water allowed us to describe a sequence of early, rapid morphological and kinetic changes which begin at the very tip of the flagellum. they cause the progressive folding of the axoneme which ends stuck to the head within 90-120 seconds after the initiation of motility. however, the axonemal machinery remains functional as the folding can be reversed after transfer back into a high osmolality medium and partia ...	1996	8894281
evolution of mhc class ii beta chain-encoding genes in the lake tana barbel species flock (barbus intermedius complex).	major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii protein polymorphism is maintained in allelic lineages which evolve in a trans-specific manner, passing from one species to descendant species. selection pressure on peptide binding residues should be greatest during speciation, when organisms move into new environments and their mhc molecules encounter new pathogens. the isolation of mhc genes from teleost fishes, the most diverse group of vertebrates, has created possibilities for testing this hy ...	1996	8824153
role of membrane lipids in temperature acclimatization of carp.		1996	8766974
further evidence on the interaction of muramyl dipeptide with the serotonergic system.	the mode of interaction between muramyl dipeptide (mdp), a compound with immunopharmacological activities, and 5-hydroxtryptamine (5-ht, serotonin) was studied in isolated nerve-smooth muscle preparations of the carp stomach. application of exogenous 5-ht evoked direct smooth muscle contractions; electric neurogenic stimulation evoked twitches due to release of 5-ht from nerve endings. contractions evoked by a high concentration of 5-ht (3-30 microm) were resistant to atropine and potentiated in ...	1996	8732429
characterization of class ii a and b genes in a gynogenetic carp clone.	a prerequisite for carrying out functional studies on major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules of fish is the availability of genetically well-defined homozygous strains. previously we have applied gynogenetic reproduction to generate isogenic carp, denoted clone a410. this clone has recently been demonstrated to express a single class i gene, cyca-ua1(*)01, and in the present study two class ii b and two class ii a transcripts were obtained. the two class ii b transcripts, cyca-d(cb3)b ...	1996	8662086
identification and characterization of a new major histocompatibility complex class i gene in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in this study we report the finding of three representatives of a new group of major histocompatibility complex class i sequences in carp: cyca-12 (cyca-ua101), a full-length cdna; cyca-sp1 (cyca-uaw1), a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment from cdna; and cyca-g11 (cyca-ua102), a partial genomic clone. comparison of the amino acid sequences of cyca-12, cyca-sp1, and cyca-g11 with classical and non-classical class i sequences from other species shows considerable conservation in regions th ...	1996	8613142
voltage dependency of light-evoked on-off transient amacrine cell responses in carp retina.	the voltage dependency of the on and the off components of transient amacrine cell responses was studied using two-electrode voltage-clamp and current-clamp techniques in the isolated retina of the carp. the two independent approaches gave similar data. when cells were voltage clamped near their resting potentials, both response components were associated with transient inward currents. hyperpolarization increased response size (current or voltage) whilst depolarization decreased it. response re ...	1996	8878100
spectral plasticity of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: independent modulation by dopamine and light-adaptation.	it was shown previously that the spectral sensitivity of luminosity/h1-type horizontal cells (hcs) in carp retinae reflects the absorption spectrum of red-sensitive cones for long wavelengths but can appear highly variable and "truncated' in the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. we have found that light-adaptation sharpened the red-sensitive spectral peak and decreased the blue/red response amplitude ratio (b/r ratio), mainly by decreasing the response to short-wavelength stimuli. the ada ...	1996	8921249
electrophysiological responses of three chemosensory systems in the carp to pesticides.	responses of three chemical senses, olfaction, taste, and pit organ sense, to three pesticides were studied electrophysiologically in carp, cyprinus carpio. only olfaction was responsive to the three pesticides at behavioral avoidance levels, which were determined in a previous study. the olfactory thresholds for benthiocarb, isoprothiolane, and fenitrothion were 1.7 x 10(-1) micrograms/l (4 log units lower concentration than 48-h lc50), 6.7 x 10(-3) micrograms/l (6 log units lower than 48-h lc5 ...	1996	8840928
action of cypermethrin on tissue transamination during nitrogen metabolism in cyprinus carpio.	freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, was exposed to sublethal concentration (3 microg liter-1) of cypermethrin for 5 and 10 days to examine the changes in the transamination process during the formation of nitrogenous end products in four functionally different tissues, namely, gill, liver, brain, and muscle. increases in total and soluble protein contents were noticed in all the tissues of exposed fish with a decrease in free amino acids and protease activity. activity levels of both the transamin ...	1996	8812184
the influence of water potassium concentration on 137cs excretion from fish.	results are reported of the investigation on the peculiarities of 137cs release from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) acclimatized to different potassium concentrations in water. the dynamics of radiocesium release are characterized by slow and fast components. the 137cs release rates observed in the experiments with different water potassium concentrations were not markedly different from the point of view of middle-term radioecological predictions.	1996	8655326
cobalt ions enhance light responsiveness of carp cone horizontal cells in low calcium.	effects of cobalt ions (co2+) on horizontal cells in low extracellular calcium were examined in isolated, superfused carp retinas. while 0.1 mmol/l co2+ completely suppressed both rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells in normal ringer's solution, it enhanced light responses of cone horizontal cells in low (0.1 mmol/l) calcium. the enhancement of the cone horizontal cell response by co2+ was not caused by changes in light responsiveness of cone photoreceptors. moreover, application of 50 mumol/l ...	1996	8760455
comparison of dark- and light-adapted carp retinas with nadph diaphorase staining.	the carp retina was examined by nadph diaphorase histochemistry to determine if the staining pattern of retinal cells was changed depending on the adaptation state of the retina. when dark-adapted for 5 h, ellipsoids of inner segments of both rods and cones and some horizontal cells were heavily stained. staining was also found in subpopulations of amacrine cells and ganglion cells. in addition, müller cells were strongly positive for nadph diaphorase. when light-adapted for 5 h, ellipsoids of p ...	1996	8760454