Publications

genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat.	common wheat (triticum aestivum l.,2n=6x=42) is an allohexaploid composed of three closely related genomes, designated a, b, and d. genetic analysis in wheat is complicated, as most genes are present in triplicated sets located in the same chromosomal regions of homoeologous chromosomes. the goal of this report was to use genomic information gathered from wheat-rice sequence comparison to develop genome-specific primer sets for five genes involved in starch biosynthesis. intron locations in whea ...	2004	15340684
a cytogenetic method for stacking gene pairs in common wheat.	the potential for non-reciprocal robertsonian translocations of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to assist in the stacking of genes was assessed from a study of their cytological and genetic behaviour. to obtain translocations, a double monosomic (3b+5a; 2n=40=19ii+2i) was crossed reciprocally with a contrasting disomic. individuals inheriting a broken monosome were identified from the loss of one arm-specific dna marker coupled with retention of a marker for the opposite arm. no double breaks (pote ...	2004	15338132
molecular genetic mapping of gby, a new greenbug resistance gene in bread wheat.	the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rhodani),is one of the major insect pests of wheat worldwide and it is important to develop a basic understanding of the chromosomal locations of known and new greenbug resistance genes. gby is a new greenbug resistance gene in the wheat line 'sando's selection 4040'. a mapping population used in this study was derived from a cross of sando's 4040 and pi220127, a greenbug susceptible wheat land race from afghanistan. a progeny test indicated that gby is inherit ...	2004	15309299
the effect of different spray liquids on the foliar retention of agricultural sprays by wheat plants in a canopy.	the aim of this work was to examine the effect of liquid properties on spray retention in a range of situations representative of practical pesticide application. liquids with different physical properties were sprayed with conventional flat-fan and air-induction nozzles onto outdoor-grown wheat plants (triticum aestivum l cv axona) at growth stages between gs 22 and gs 35. since total retention is affected by leaf surface as well as plant growth stage and canopy density, the experiments include ...	2004	15307670
mapping of 99 new microsatellite-derived loci in rye (secale cereale l.) including 39 expressed sequence tags.	the genetic map of rye contains predominantly restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers but also a limited number of microsatellite markers, which are known to be more reliable and easier to apply. we report here the saturation of the genomic map of rye with additional microsatellite-derived markers that we obtained from the rye expressed sequence tag (est) databases and the gatersleben collection of wheat microsatellite markers (wms). a total of 99 loci (39 est and 60 wms) were ma ...	2004	15300380
synthesis of antioxidants in wheat sprouts.	aqueous and ethanolic extracts from wheat (triticum aestivum) sprout powder were analyzed to determine its reduction and antioxidant activities. mean and standard deviation of five independent samples were reported. the results showed that the micromoles of potassium ferricyanide reduced by aqueous and ethanolic extracts corresponding to 1 g of sprout powder (80.6 +/- 11.2 and 9.7 +/- 1.8, respectively) were higher than that reduced by 1 mg of other reducing compounds: ascorbic acid, rutin, quer ...	2004	15291497
activities of fructan- and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in wheat stems subjected to water stress during grain filling.	this study investigated if a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) could accelerate grain filling by facilitating the remobilization of carbon reserves in the stem through regulating the enzymes involved in fructan and sucrose metabolism. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were grown in pots and treated with either a normal (nn) or high amount of nitrogen (hn) at heading time. plants were either well-watered (ww) or water-stressed (ws) from 9 days ...	2004	15290295
a direct repeat sequence associated with the centromeric retrotransposons in wheat.	a high-density bac filter of triticum monococcum was screened for the presence of a centromeric retrotransposon using the integrase region as a probe. southern hybridization to the bac digests using total genomic dna probes of triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum, and hordeum vulgare detected differentially hybridizing restriction fragments between wheat and barley. the fragments that hybridized to genomic dna of wheat but not to that of barley were subcloned. fluorescence in situ hybridizatio ...	2004	15284880
colocation between a gene encoding the bzip factor spa and an eqtl for a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit in wheat (triticum aestivum).	the quality of wheat grain is largely determined by the quantity and composition of storage proteins (prolamins) and depends on mechanisms underlying the regulation of expression of prolamin genes. the endosperm-specific wheat basic region leucine zipper (bzip) factor storage protein activator (spa) is a positive regulator that binds to the promoter of a prolamin gene. the aim of this study was to map spa (the gene encoding bzip factor spa) and genomic regions associated with quantitative variat ...	2004	15284875
regeneration of somatic hybrids in relation to the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes of wheat and setaria italica.	somatic hybridization via peg (polyethylene 6000)-mediated protoplast fusion was achieved between two different wheat culture lines (triticum aestivum l., "jinan"177, t1 and t2) and setaria italica (l.) p. beauv. the t1 recipient originated from non-regenerable long-term cell suspensions, while t2 was derived from embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity. donor protoplasts were obtained from embryogenic calli of s. italica (s) (with low regeneration capacity) irradiated with different ...	2004	15284872
effect of different temperature on starch synthase activity in excised grains of wheat cultivars.	excised grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties hd 2285 (relatively tolerant) and hd 2329 (susceptible type) were incubated for 1 hr at 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c. in an another treatment, excised grains were incubated for 1 hr at increasing temperature (15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c) continuously, thus exposing the grains to gradual rise in temperature. the above treated grains were then analysed for the activity of soluble starch synthase (s ...	2004	15282961
ph-dependence of pesticide adsorption by wheat-residue-derived black carbon.	the potential of black carbon as an adsorbent for pesticides in soils may be strongly influenced by the properties of the adsorbent and pesticides and by the environmental conditions. this study evaluated the effect of ph on the adsorption of diuron, bromoxynil, and ametryne by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue derived black carbon (wc) as compared to a commercial activated carbon (ac). the ph drift method indicated that wc had a point of zero charge of 4.2, much lower than that of 7.8 for ...	2004	15274579
[phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific variation of d-genome aegilops l. as revealed by rapd analysis].	rapd analysis was carried out to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of polyploid aegilops species, which contain the d genome as a component of the alloploid genome, and diploid aegilops tauschii, which is a putative donor of the d genome for common wheat. in total, 74 accessions of six d-genome aegilops species were examined. the highest intraspecific variation (0.03-0.21) was observed for ae. tauschii. intraspecific distances between accessions ranged 0.007-0.067 in ae. ...	2004	15272562
[expression of fertility during morphogenesis in self-pollinated backcrossed progenies of barley-wheat amphiploids].	the fertility characteristics expressed during morphogenesis in first-generation self-pollinated backcrossed progenies (bc1) obtained from amphiploid barley-wheat hybrids [hordeum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70) backcrossed with common wheat were studied. it was found that, in the case of self-pollination of bc1 plants, karyotype stabilization leads to the formation of alloplasmic euploid (2n = 42), telocentric substitution (2n = 40 + 2t), and telocentric a ...	2004	15272561
effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil.	the effect of increasing application of zinc (zn) and cadmium (cd) on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of zn and cd was studied in bread and durum wheat cultivars. plants were grown in severely zn-deficient calcareous soil treated with increasing zn (0 and 10 mg kg(-1) soil) and cd (0, 10 and 25 mg kg(-1) soil) and harvested after 35 and 65 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. growing plants without zn fertilization caused severe depression in shoot growth, especially in durum wh ...	2004	15261409
mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	photosynthesis, respiration, and other processes produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that can cause oxidative modifications to proteins, lipids, and dna. the production of ros increases under stress conditions, causing oxidative damage and impairment of normal metabolism. in this work, oxidative damage to various subcellular compartments (i.e. chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) was studied in two cultivars of wheat differing in ascorbic acid content, and growing under good irrigation ...	2004	15258167
phloem import and storage metabolism are highly coordinated by the low oxygen concentrations within developing wheat seeds.	we studied the influence of the internal oxygen concentration in seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum) on storage metabolism and its relation to phloem import of nutrients. wheat seeds that were developing at ambient oxygen (21%) were found to be hypoxic (2.1%). altering the oxygen supply by decreasing or increasing the external oxygen concentration induced parallel changes in the internal oxygen tension. however, the decrease in internal concentration was proportionally less than the reduction in ...	2004	15247408
sequence polymorphism in polyploid wheat and their d-genome diploid ancestor.	sequencing was used to investigate the origin of the d genome of the allopolyploid species triticum aestivum and aegilops cylindrica. a 247-bp region of the wheat d-genome xwye838 locus, encoding adp-glucopyrophosphorylase, and a 326-bp region of the wheat d-genome gss locus, encoding granule-bound starch synthase, were sequenced in a total 564 lines of hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum, genome aabbdd) involving all its subspecies and 203 lines of aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat d ...	2004	15238542
activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in wheat grains subjected to water deficit during grain filling.	this study tested the hypothesis that a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum) could accelerate grain-filling rate through regulating the key enzymes involved in suc-to-starch pathway in the grains. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were field grown. well-watered and water-deficit (wd) treatments were imposed from 9 dpa until maturity. the wd promoted the reallocation of prefixed 14c from the stems to grains, shortened the grain-filling period, and in ...	2004	15235118
proteomic characterization of herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii seedlings.	proteomic methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, as well as immunoblotting, were used to identify herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii, a diploid wheat containing the d genome also found in the cultivated, hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. the herbicide safener fluxofenim dramatically increased protein abundance in the molecular weight (m(r)) range of 24 to 30 kda, as well as a few higher m(r) ...	2004	15221767
antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging.	seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees c and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. the effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. a progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, wa ...	2004	15212480
compared use of hplc and fzce for cluster analysis of triticum spp and for the identification of t. durum adulteration.	wheat quality criteria continually evolve in response to market pressure and consumer preference. characterization of cereal cultivars for quality and agronomic properties, have widely shown the importance of the protein content to ensure good quality products. the aim of this work is a comparison of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) and free zone capillary electrophoresis (fzce) in the identification of italian wheat cultivars and detection of durum wheat flour adu ...	2004	15212451
[preliminary gene-mapping of photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].	the photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterile (ptsgms) line in wheat is important for the utilization of heterosis. the wheat line, bau3338, is an excellent ptsgms material identified in the recent years. in this study, its ptsgms genes were mapped using molecular markers, ssr and issr. the result of molecular analysis showed that the two ptsgms loci were identified and designated as ptms1 and ptms2, respectively. in addition, the genetic effect analysis indicated that the locus effec ...	2004	15195570
photosynthetic pigment composition and photosystem ii photochemistry of wheat ears.	the characteristics of pigment composition and photosystem ii (psii) photochemistry in the flag leaf and ear parts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the field was compared. at the early stage of flowering, awns and the flag leaf showed the highest values in the maximal efficiency of psii photochemistry (fv/fm), actual psii efficiency (phi(psii)), photochemical quenching (qp), and the efficiency of excitation capture by open psii centres (fv/f'm), followed by glumes, lemmas, and paleae, re ...	2004	15191742
maintaining exponential growth, solution conductivity, and solution ph in low-ionic-strength solution culture using a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system.	studies of plant nutrient requirements in solution culture have often used nutrient concentrations many-fold higher than levels found in fertile soils, creating an artificial rooting environment that can alter patterns of nutrient acquisition. the relative addition rate (rar) technique addresses this problem by providing nutrients in exponentially increasing quantities to plant roots in solution culture. a computer-controlled rar nutrient delivery system has been developed to reduce workload and ...	2004	15181105
[localization of fibrillarin, 53 kda protein and ag-nor proteins in the nuclei of giant antipodal cells of the wheat triticum aestivum].	distribution of nucleolar argentophylic proteins, fibrillarin and 53 kda protein, in highly polyploid nuclei of antipodal cells of triticum aestivum l. was studied at different stages of the embryo sac development. the main results are as follows. 1. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin form clusters are distributed in the giant nucleoli, whereas 53 kda protein is mainly localized on the nucleolar periphery. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin are accumulated as globular nucleolar-like particles--micronu ...	2004	15174351
aluminum targets elongating cells by reducing cell wall extensibility in wheat roots.	phytotoxicity of aluminum is characterized by a rapid inhibition of root elongation at micromolar concentrations, however, the mechanisms primarily responsible for this response are not well understood. we investigated the effect of al on the viscosity and elasticity parameters of root cell wall by a creep-extension analysis in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) differing in al resistance. the root elongation and both viscous and elastic extensibility of cell wall of the root apices w ...	2004	15169940
accumulation of 1,3-beta-d-glucans, in response to aluminum and cytosolic calcium in triticum aestivum.	one of the most rapid responses to aluminum (al) stress in plants is enhanced synthesis and deposition of 1,3-beta-d-glucans (callose) in root tips. ironically, al-induced synthesis and deposition of callose occurs in vivo, despite evidence from in vitro systems that suggests that al is a powerful inhibitor of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. we set out to test the hypothesis that an al-induced increase in the activity of free calcium in the cytoplasm ([ca(2+)](cyt)) is the trigger for enhanced synth ...	2004	15169936
cold hardiness of wheat near-isogenic lines differing in vernalization alleles.	four major genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with the dominant alleles designated vrn-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-d1, and vrn4, are known to have large effects on the vernalization response, but the effects on cold hardiness are ambiguous. near-isogenic experimental lines (nils) in a triple dirk (td) genetic background with different vernalization alleles were evaluated for cold hardiness. although td is homozygous dominant for vrn-a1 (formerly vrn1) and vrn-b1 (formerly vrn2), four of the lines are ea ...	2004	15168023
intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat cultivars to enhanced uv-b radiation under field conditions.	field studies were conducted to determine the potential for intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b, 280-315 nm) radiation. the plants were exposed to 5 kjm(-2) supplemental uv-b radiation, simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone. in wheat cultivars tested, intraspecific responses in 16 amino acid contents and total amino acid contents in grains were found. out of tested wheat cultivars, dali 905, mianyang 20, w ...	2004	15157904
from individual leaf elongation to whole shoot leaf area expansion: a comparison of three aegilops and two triticum species.	rapid leaf area expansion is a desirable trait in the early growth stages of cereal crops grown in low-rainfall areas. in this study, the traits associated with inherent variation in early leaf area expansion rates have been investigated in two wheat species (triticum aestivum and t. durum) and three of its wild relatives (aegilops umbellulata, a. caudata and a. tauschii) to find out whether the aegilops species have a faster leaf area expansion in their early developmental stage than some of th ...	2004	15155374
phenotypic mechanisms of host resistance against greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) revealed by near isogenic lines of wheat.	interactions between biotype e greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), and wheat, triticum aestivum l., were investigated using resistant and susceptible near isogenic lines of the greenbug resistance gene gb3. in an antixenosis test, the greenbugs preferred susceptible plants to resistant ones when free choice of hosts was allowed. aphid feeding resulted in quick and severe damage to susceptible plants, which seemed to follow a general pattern spatially and was affected by the position where t ...	2004	15154495
construction of a full-length cdna library from young spikelets of hexaploid wheat and its characterization by large-scale sequencing of expressed sequence tags.	the polyploid nature of wheat is a key characteristic of the plant. full-length complementary dnas (cdnas) provide essential information that can be used to annotate the genes and provide a functional analysis of these genes and their products. we constructed a full-length cdna library derived from young spikelets of common wheat, and obtained 24056 expressed sequence tags (ests) from both ends of the cdna clones. these ests were grouped into 3605 contigs using the phrap method, representing exp ...	2004	15514442
a chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat.	because of the huge size of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) genome of 17,300 mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (est) unigenes by southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. each est detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. more loci were mapped in the b genome (5774) than in th ...	2004	15514046
a chromosome bin map of 2148 expressed sequence tag loci of wheat homoeologous group 7.	the objectives of this study were to develop a high-density chromosome bin map of homoeologous group 7 in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), to identify gene distribution in these chromosomes, and to perform comparative studies of wheat with rice and barley. we mapped 2148 loci from 919 est clones onto group 7 chromosomes of wheat. in the majority of cases the numbers of loci were significantly lower in the centromeric regions and tended to increase in the distal regions. the level of dupli ...	2004	15514045
deletion mapping of homoeologous group 6-specific wheat expressed sequence tags.	to localize wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ests on chromosomes, 882 homoeologous group 6-specific ests were identified by physically mapping 7965 singletons from 37 cdna libraries on 146 chromosome, arm, and sub-arm aneuploid and deletion stocks. the 882 ests were physically mapped to 25 regions (bins) flanked by 23 deletion breakpoints. of the 5154 restriction fragments detected by 882 ests, 2043 (loci) were localized to group 6 chromosomes and 806 were mapped on other chromosome groups. the numb ...	2004	15514044
analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4.	a total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ests) from 26 triticeae cdna libraries, were mapped to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. the 1918 est loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4a, 4b, and 4d, respectively. this pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of est mapping in ...	2004	15514042
chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and arabidopsis.	a total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ests) generated 2212 est loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). est deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show est distribution. est loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1a, 1b, and 1d with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. the number of est loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. the distribution of ests along ...	2004	15514039
construction and evaluation of cdna libraries for large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a total of 37 original cdna libraries and 9 derivative libraries enriched for rare sequences were produced from chinese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), five other hexaploid wheat genotypes (cheyenne, brevor, tam w101, bh1146, butte 86), tetraploid durum wheat (t. turgidum l.), diploid wheat (t. monococcum l.), and two other diploid members of the grass tribe triticeae (aegilops speltoides tausch and secale cereale l.). the emphasis in the choice of plant materials for library construction w ...	2004	15514038
development of an expressed sequence tag (est) resource for wheat (triticum aestivum l.): est generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map.	this report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (triticum aestivum l.). accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ests) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat est data set. among the resources developed were the first extensive public ...	2004	15514037
responses of female orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, to wheat panicle volatiles.	air entrainment samples of volatiles from panicles of intact wheat, triticum aestivum, cultivar 'lynx' were collected at the ear emergence/early anthesis growth stage. in an olfactometer bioassay, both freshly cut panicles and an air entrainment sample were found to attract female orange wheat blossom midge adults, sitodiplosis mosellana. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag) analyses of panicle volatiles located six electrophysiologically active components. these were identif ...	2004	15503522
sex ratios of sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae): implications for pest management in wheat (poaceae).	sex ratios of populations of the wheat midge sitodiplosis mosellana gehin, developing on wheat triticum aestivum l., were determined at reproduction, adult emergence, and dispersal. the patterns of sex ratio through the life cycle of s. mosellana result from: (i) a genetic mechanism that causes all or nearly all of the progeny of individual females to be a single sex, with an overall sex ratio that is slightly biased at 54-57% females; (ii) a differential mortality during diapause that increases ...	2004	15541195
detection and mapping of qtl for earliness components in a bread wheat recombinant inbred lines population.	earliness, an adaptative trait and factor of variation for agronomic characters, is a major trait in plant breeding. its constituent traits, photoperiod sensitivity (ps), vernalization requirement (vr) and intrinsic earliness (ie), are largely under independent genetic controls. mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling these components is in progress. most of the studies focusing on earliness considered it as a whole or through one (or two) of its components. the purp ...	2004	15551039
two quality-associated hmw glutenin subunits in a somatic hybrid line between triticum aestivum and agropyron elongatum.	high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) from hybrid line ii-12 between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and agropyron elongatum (host) nivski were characterized with sds-page. out of these hmw-gss, two subunits, h1bx and h1by, had mobilities similar to the subunits 1bx13 and 1by16 from common wheat 4072, which was used as control. polyclonal antibodies (pabs) of h1bx and h1by were prepared, and western blotting showed that the pabs had strong affinities for h1bx and h1by, separately. the s ...	2004	15551037
immunochemical approach to the problem of differential determination of natural forms of abscisic acid.	an original modification of the standard elisa procedure for differential determination of different forms of abscisic acid (aba) is proposed. it is shown that endogenous forms of aba may be quantitatively determined in plant tissues subjected to minimal treatment, without purification of the hormones and their chemical modification. the modification has been approved when analyzing changes in the content of different aba forms in plant tissues differing in physiological activity. quantitative d ...	2004	15527409
fingerprinting of common wheat cultivars with an alw44i-based aflp method.	a simplified aflp method, based on methylation-sensitive alw44i restriction endonuclease, has been developed and evaluated for fingerprinting 15 wheat cultivars. the selected germplasms represented groups of spring and winter wheats with and without the 1bl.1rs translocation. ten selective primers yielded 57 markers, including 19 polymorphic bands. three markers (15.8%) were specific to wheat carrying the 1bl.1rs translocation, thus conflicting with the frequency expected by random marker distri ...	2004	15523150
effect of chemical amendments on the concentration of cadmium and lead in long-term contaminated soils.	the availability of metal in contaminated soil can be reduced by the addition of soil amendments. the objectives of this study are to study the effects of applying different soil amendments on the concentration of cd and pb in soil solution, dtpa or edta extractable cd and pb, and the uptake of cd and pb by wheat (triticum vulgare) when growing in long-term cd and pb-contaminated soils, more than 20 years. the soil amendments, including check, compost, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carb ...	2004	15519390
relationship between atpase activity and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling roots under osmotic stress.	the effects of osmotic stress on the atpase activity, the contents of -sh group and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling [triticum aestivum l. cv. yumai no. 18 (drought-tolerant) and cv. yumai no. 9 (drought-sensitive)] roots were investigated. the results showed that atpase activity and -sh group content decreased with polyethylene glycol(peg) 6000(-0.55 mpa) treatment for 7 d, in concert with the decrease of the ratio of noncovalently conjugated spermidine (ncc-s ...	2004	15559797
[resistance to fungal diseases in hybrid progeny from crosses between common wheat variety saratovskaia 29 and the amphidiploid triticum timopheevii/triticum tauschii (aaggdd)].	the progeny of bc6f2-bc9f(2)-4 has been analyzed for resistance to brown rust (lr genes) and powdery mildew (pm genes). this progeny was obtained due to introgression of the alien material from the synthetic hexaploid wheat triticum timopheevii/aegilops squarrosa (= triticum tauschii aaggdd, 2n = 42) into the common wheat variety saratovskaya 29. against the background of natural infection, the lines resistant to both diseases and to either of them were developed. the brown-rust and powdery-mild ...	2004	15559157
[barley chromosome identification using genomic in situ hybridization in the genome of backcrossed progeny of barley-wheat amphiploids [h. geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x t. aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70)].	genomic in situ hybridization (gish) has been used to study characteristics of the formation of alloplasmic lines detected among self-pollinated backcrossed progeny (bc1f5-bc1f8) of barley--wheat amphiploids [hordeum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70). the chromosome material of the wild barley h. geniculatum has been shown to contribute to these lines. for example, fifth-generation plants (bc1f5) had genotypes (2n = 42w + 2g), (2n = 42w + 1g + 1tg), and (2n = ...	2004	15559151
[the effect of lr19-translocation on in vitro androgenesis and inheritance of leaf-rust resistance in dh3 lines and f2 hybrids of common wheat].	leaf-rust resistance and androgenesis were studied in the anther cultures of triticum aestivum l., which included saratovskaya 29 cultivar, the isogenic line ps29, and three f1 hybrids (l503/s55, l504/s58, ats7/l1063) with 7ds-7dl-7ae#1l translocation of lr19 gene (lr19 translocation) from agropyron elongatum (host) p.b. the lr19 translocation was shown to affect the induction of embryogenesis and green plant regeneration. the frequencies of lr19 translocation differed in f2 hybrids obtained by ...	2004	15559150
[analysis of intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta l. by chromosome c-banding].	intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta was studied by chromosome c-banding in 41 accessions of different geographic origins. the spelt accessions did not differ in karyotype structure or heterochromatin distribution from common wheat, but showed greater intraspecific polymorphism for chromosome rearrangements (translocations, inversions) and banding patterns. on evidence of c-banding patterns, spelt was assumed to occupy an intermediate position between tetraploid and hexapl ...	2004	15575503
the relation of starch phosphorylases to starch metabolism in wheat.	tissues of wheat (triticum aestivum l., var. star) exhibit three starch phosphorylase activity forms resolved by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel affinity electrophoresis (p1, p2 and p3). compartmentation analysis of young leaf tissues showed that p3 is plastidic, whereas p1 and p2 are cytosolic. p1 exhibits a strong binding affinity to immobilized glycogen upon electrophoresis, whereas p2 and the chloroplastic p3 do not. cytosolic leaf phosphorylase was purified to homogeneity by affinity chro ...	2004	15564531
preferential expression of a hlp homolog encoding a mitochondrial l14 ribosomal protein in stamens of common wheat.	interaction between nucleus and cytoplasm has essential roles in plant development, including that of floral organs. we isolated a wheat homolog whlp of arabidopsis huellenlos paralog (hlp) gene encoding a mitochondrial (mt) ribosomal protein l14. transient expression analysis using the green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion protein showed that 50 amino residues located on the n-terminal of the wheat hlp homolog (whlp) protein acted as a mt-targeting signal (mts). expression patterns of the whlp ...	2004	15588583
[trends in genetic diversity change of spring bread wheat cultivars released in russia in 1929-2003].	using genealogy analysis, we studied genetic diversity of 340 cultivars of spring bread wheat that were released on the territory of russia in 1929-2003. trends in the temporal change of genetic diversity were inferred from analysis of a set of n x m matrices, where n is the number of the released cultivars and m is the number of original ancestors. the pool of original ancestors of the spring bread wheat cultivars for the total period of study included 255 landraces, of which 88 were from the f ...	2004	15612570
real time rt-pcr and flow cytometry to investigate wheat kernel hardness: role of puroindoline genes and proteins.	developing seeds from triticum aestivum (wheat) cultivars were collected after flowering and analysed for puroindoline a and b gene expression by real time rt-pcr. mature seeds were investigated for the presence and the amount of starch-associated puroindoline a and b proteins by flow cytometry. puroindoline a gene and protein were found to have a predominant role in controlling wheat kernel hardness.	2004	15604827
a mini exon in the sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase gene of wheat.	we previously reported the cloning of a wheat sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst) cdna, designated wft2. wft2 proteins have fructosyltransferase enzyme activity and initiate fructan synthesis (biosci. biotechnol. biochem. 66 (2002) 2297). in the current study, we cloned a genomic dna fragment carrying the full-length 1-sst gene from winter wheat (triticum aestivum). the genomic 1-sst gene is 3326 bp in length and contains four exons and three introns. exon 2 has only 9 bp. this sequen ...	2004	15602819
chloroplast and nuclear dna variation in common wheat: insight into the origin and evolution of common wheat.	to understand the origin and evolution of common wheat, chloroplast (ct) and nuclear dna variations were studied in five hexaploid and three tetraploid wheat subspecies. based on chloroplast simple sequence repeats at 24 loci, they were classified into two major plastogroups. plastogroup i consisted of 11 plastotypes, including the major plastotype h10 that occurred at the highest frequency (59%) in common wheat. plastogroup ii consisted of five plastotypes and occurred in eight out of 27 access ...	2004	15599057
[exogenous nitric oxide alleviates osmotic stress-induced membrane lipid peroxidation in wheat seedling leaves].	when wheat (triticum aestivum l. yangmai 158) seedling (with three fully expanded leaves) roots were treated with 15% peg-6000 in combination with different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l) of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) and no(-)(3)/no(-)(2) (control), the enhancement of lipoxygenase (lox) activity in wheat seedling leaves under osmotic stress was delayed at the lower concentration of snp treatment (0.1 mmol/l), while the generation rate of o(-.)(2), the enhanceme ...	2004	15599047
sequence composition, organization, and evolution of the core triticeae genome.	we investigated the composition and the basis of genome expansion in the core triticeae genome using aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of bread wheat. we sequenced an unfiltered genomic shotgun (trs) and a methylation-filtration (tmf) library of a. tauschii, and analyzed wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) to estimate the expression of genes and transposable elements (tes). the sampled d-genome sequences consisted of 91.6% repetitive elements, 2.5% known genes, and 5.9% low-copy sequences o ...	2004	15500466
simultaneous painting of three genomes in hexaploid wheat by bac-fish.	fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is widely used in the physical mapping of genes and chromosome landmarks in plants and animals. bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) contain large inserts, making them amenable for fish mapping. in our bac-fish experiments, we selected 56 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-locus-specific bac clones from the libraries of triticum monococcum and aegilops tauschii, which are the a- and d-genome donors of wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 4 ...	2004	15499412
[a preliminary study on gene expression profile induced by water stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling].	in the present research, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and high density membrane techniques were employed to analysis genes induced by water stress in wheat seedling at 2-leaf stage. the purpose was to comprehensively understand the genetic bases of drought resistance and to find the key genes related to drought resistance in wheat. a total of 181 positive clones were obtained by screening the ssh library including 1 530 individual recombinant clones. the result of the sequence hom ...	2004	15481541
degradation studies on benzoxazinoids. soil degradation dynamics of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) and its degradation products, phytotoxic allelochemicals from gramineae.	benzoxazinoids have been described as important allelochemicals from gramineae as well as acanthaceae, rannunculaceae, and scrophulariaceae plants. several bioactivities have been described and evaluated for these compounds, including fungistatic, antifeedant, and phytotoxic. in ongoing studies about allelochemicals as natural herbicide models, the description of soil dynamics in phytotoxic agents has high importance, because the possible biotransformations developed by soil microorganisms could ...	2004	15478999
engineering high-level aluminum tolerance in barley with the almt1 gene.	acidity is a serious limitation to plant production on many of the world's agricultural soils. toxic aluminium (al) cations solubilized by the acidity rapidly inhibit root growth and limit subsequent uptake of water and nutrients. recent work has shown that the almt1 gene of wheat (triticum aestivum) encodes a malate transporter that is associated with malate efflux and al tolerance. we generated transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare) plants expressing almt1 and assessed their ability to exude mala ...	2004	15471989
compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars.	chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (nocs). to evaluate the relationship between the char composition and noc sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (triticum aestivum l.) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 degrees c and 700 degrees c and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. the samples were then studied for their abilities to ...	2004	15461175
[effect of the 5r(5a) alien chromosome substitution on the growth habit and winter hardiness of wheat].	the growth habit, ear emergence time, and frost tolerance of wheat/rye substitution lines have been studied in cultivars rang and mironovskaya krupnozernaya whose chromosome 5a is substituted with chromosome 5r of onkhoyskaya rye. hybrid analysis has demonstrated that the spring habit of the recipient cultivars rang and mironovskaya krupnozernaya is controlled by dominant gene vrn-a1 located in chromosome 5a. onokhoyskaya rye has a dominant gene for the spring habit (sp1) located in chromosome 5 ...	2004	15458211
durum wheat as a candidate for the unknown female progenitor of bread wheat: an empirical study with a highly fertile f1 hybrid with aegilops tauschii coss.	hexaploid bread wheat was derived from a hybrid cross between a cultivated form of tetraploid triticum wheat (female progenitor) and a wild diploid species, aegilops tauschii coss. (male progenitor). this cross produced a fertile triploid f1 hybrid that set hexaploid seeds. the identity of the female progenitor is unknown, but various cultivated tetraploid triticum wheats exist today. genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that durum wheat ( t. turgidum ssp. durum) may be the female progen ...	2004	15448900
determination and evaluation of the sequence and textural effects of the puroindoline a and puroindoline b genes in a population of synthetic hexaploid wheat.	aegilops tauschii (2 n=2 x=14, dd) is a rich source of genetic variability for hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum, 2 n=6 x=42, aabbdd) improvement. this variability can be accessed through utilizing synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, which contain genomes from ae. tauschii and t. turgidum (2 n=4 x=28, aabb). numerous desirable characteristics can and have been introgressed into common hexaploid wheat with this germplasm. in this work, the genetic variability in the two puroindoline genes (a and b ...	2004	15448897
auxin induces an increase of ca2+ concentration in the cytosol of wheat leaf protoplasts.	auxin addition to protoplasts isolated from leaves of 6-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. kadett) induced a rapid increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration [ca2+]cyt. the shifts in [ca2+]cyt were detected by use of fluorescence microscopy in single protoplasts loaded with the calcium binding tetra[acetoxymethyl]ester of the fluorescent dye, fura 2. addition of the synthetic auxin naphthyl acetic acid, 1-naa, induced an increase in [ca2+]cyt within 5-10s, while the physiolog ...	2004	15384405
molecular cloning and comparative analysis of a y-type inactive hmw glutenin subunit gene from cultivated emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum l.).	cultivated emmer (triticum dicoccum, 2n = 4x = 28, aabb) is closely related to bread wheat and possesses extensive allelic variations in high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) composition. these alleles may be an important genetic resource for wheat quality improvement. to isolate and clone hmw-gs genes from cultivated emmer, two pairs of allele-specific (as) pcr primers were designed to amplify the coding sequence of y-type hmw-gs genes and their upstream sequences, respectively. the r ...	2004	15383071
characterization of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation line producing three pistils in a floret.	in a normal wheat (triticum ssp.l.) spike, one floret carries only one pistil that will further develop into one grain after fertilization. the cultivated common wheat (t. aestivum l.) mutation line three pistils (tp) carried three pistils in a floret. although one or two of the pistils died out before seed set in some florets, there were exist many florets that set three seeds. normally, it was observed that there were one to three seeds in different florets of the same spike. therefore, this m ...	2004	15383067
construction of a subgenomic bac library specific for chromosomes 1d, 4d and 6d of hexaploid wheat.	the analysis of the hexaploid wheat genome (triticum aestivum l., 2 n=6 x=42) is hampered by its large size (16,974 mb/1c) and presence of three homoeologous genomes (a, b and d). one of the possible strategies is a targeted approach based on subgenomic libraries of large dna inserts. in this work, we purified by flow cytometry a total of 10(7) of three wheat d-genome chromosomes: 1d, 4d and 6d. chromosomal dna was partially digested with hindiii and used to prepare a specific bacterial artifici ...	2004	15365624
rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (a, b, and d). to study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (hmw)-glutenin locus from the a genome of durum wheat (triticum turgidum, aabb) with the orthologous regions from the b genome of the same wheat and the d genome of the diploid wheat aegilops tauschii (anderson et al., 2003; kong et al., ...	2004	15122014
thioredoxin reduction alters the solubility of proteins of wheat starchy endosperm: an early event in cereal germination.	a kcl-soluble, albumin/globulin fraction of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starchy endosperm was further separated into a methanol-insoluble fraction that contained metabolic proteins and a methanol-soluble fraction that contained "chloroform-methanol" or cm-like proteins. reduction of the disulfide bonds of the cm proteins with thioredoxin or dithiothreitol altered their properties so that, like the metabolic proteins, they were insoluble in methanol. glutathione had little effect, indicating dit ...	2004	15111715
transferability of ssr markers among wheat, rye, and triticale.	simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are a valuable tool for many purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. however, they are only available in some economically important crops because of the high cost and labor intensity involved in their development. comparative mapping reveals a high degree of colinearity between closely related species, which allows the exchange of markers between them. our objective was to examine the transferability of ssr markers among wheat ( triticum aes ...	2004	15067402
multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of glu-1 high-molecular-mass glutenin genes from wheat by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.	the unique bread-making properties of wheat are closely correlated with composition and quantity of high-molecular-mass (hmw) glutenin subunits encoded by the glu-1 genes. we report the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to identify bread wheat genotypes carrying hmw glutenin allele composition of glu-1 complex loci (glu-a1, glu-b1 and glu-d1) by capillary electrophoresis(ce) with laser-induced fluorescence (lif) detection. two triplex primer sets of hmw glutenin s ...	2004	15065810
molecular cytogenetic characterization of an alloplasmic durum wheat line with a portion of chromosome 1d of triticum aestivum carrying the scs(ae) gene.	triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) with triticum longissimum (2n = 2x = 14; s1s1) cytoplasm ((lo) cytoplasm) has normal fertility and plant vigor. however, the nucleus of durum wheat (triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb)) is incompatible with the t. longissimum cytoplasm, producing non-viable progeny. this incompatibility is alleviated by scs(ae), a species cytoplasm-specific (scs) gene, on the long arm of chromosome 1d (1dl) of common wheat. the hemizygous (lo) durum scs(ae) line is mal ...	2004	15060617
genetic and physical mapping of homoeologous recombination points involving wheat chromosome 2b and rye chromosome 2r.	wide hybrids have been used in generating genetic maps of many plant species. in this study, genetic and physical mapping was performed on ph1b-induced recombinants of rye chromosome 2r in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). all recombinants were single breakpoint translocations. recombination 2rs-2bs was absent from the terminal and the pericentric regions and was distributed randomly along an intercalary segment covering approximately 65% of the arm's length. such a distribution probably resulted fr ...	2004	15060600
intermediate fertile triticum aestivum (+) agropyron elongatum somatic hybrids are generated by low doses of uv irradiation.	we report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron elongatum (host) nevishi (the synonym is thinopyrum ponticum). asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed between agropyron elongatum protoplasts irradiated with a low uv dose and protoplasts of wheat taken from nonregenerable suspension cultures. more than 40 green plantlets were obtained from 15 regenerated clones and one of them produced seeds. the phenotypes of the hybrid plants and se ...	2004	15040895
differential effects of aluminium on osmotic potential and sugar accumulation in the root cells of al-resistant and al-sensitive wheat.	the changes in osmotic potential and the concentration of osmotic solutes in the cell sap of the root tips exposed to al were examined in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum) differing in al resistance. root elongation was less influenced by an 8-h exposure to 20 microm or 50 microm al in al-resistant cv. atlas 66 than in al-sensitive cv. scout 66. after al treatment the osmotic potential of the root cells was decreased in atlas 66 but increased in scout 66 indicating that the al treatment ...	2004	15032882
influence of ozone on ribonuclease activity in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves.	ribonucleases (rnases) degrade rna and exert a major influence on gene expression during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. rnase activity typically increases in response to pathogen attack, wounding and phosphate (p(i)) deficiency. activity also increases during senescence and other programmed cell death processes. the air pollutant ozone (o(3)) often induces injury and accelerated senescence in many plants, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in these responses rem ...	2004	15032859
wheat seedlings as a model to understand desiccation tolerance and sensitivity.	the coleoptiles of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings of cultivar trémie are desiccation tolerant when 3 days old, although the roots are not. cutting some of the coleoptiles open prior to dehydration rapidly increased the drying rate. this rendered the coleoptiles sensitive to desiccation, providing a useful model with which to study desiccation tolerance. both sensitive and tolerant seedlings were dehydrated to 0.3 g h(2)o g(-1) dry mass (g.g) and thereafter rehydrated. sensitive tissues a ...	2004	15032818
a new method to detect cadmium uptake in protoplasts.	the mechanism for cadmium (cd2+) uptake into the cytosol of protoplasts from 5- to 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. kadett) was investigated by a new method, using fluorescence microscopy and the heavy metal-specific fluorescent dye, 5-nitrobenzothiazole coumarin, btc-5n. cadmium fluorescence gradually increased in the cytosol of shoot and root protoplasts upon repeated additions of cdcl2 to the external medium, reflecting an uptake of cd2+. the uptake was inhibited by calcium ...	2004	15069560
aflp-based genetic diversity and its comparison with diversity based on ssr, sampl, and phenotypic traits in bread wheat.	data on aflp (eight primer pairs) and 14 phenotypic traits, collected on 55 elite and exotic bread wheat genotypes, were utilized for estimations of genetic diversity. we earlier used these 55 genotypes for a similar study using ssrs and sampl. as many as 615 scorable aflp bands visualized included 287 (46.6%) polymorphic bands. the phenotypic traits included yield and its component traits, as well as physiomorphological traits like flag leaf area. dendrograms were prepared using cluster analysi ...	2004	15068338
[comparative studies on proteins of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat and its maintainer by 2d-page in triticum aestivum].	by using 2d-page techniques, protein compositions have been studied at different developmental stage leaf (seedling, tillering, shooting and booting stages) and pollen mother cells (pmc) (meiotic, 1-nucleus and 2-3 nuclei stages) in male sterile wheat and its maintainer. the results indicated that a specific protein (33kd/pi6.3) identified at the shooting and booting stage leaves in male-sterile wheat, but this protein species has not been identified in the male fertile wheat. four protein speci ...	2004	15133897
in silico physical mapping software for the triticum aestivum genome.	the large size of the triticum aestivum genome makes it unlikely that a complete genome sequence for wheat will be available in the near future. exploiting the conserved genome organization between wheat and rice and existing genomic resources, we have constructed in silico physical mapping software for wheat, assigning a gross physical location(s) into chromosome bins to 22,626 representative wheat gene sequences. to validate the predictions from the software we compared the predicted locations ...	2004	15133717
alkali grass resists salt stress through high [k+] and an endodermis barrier to na+.	in order to understand the salt-tolerance mechanism of alkali grass (puccinellia tenuiflora) compared with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), [k(+)] and [na(+)] in roots and shoots in response to salt treatments were examined with ion element analysis and x-ray microanalysis. both the rapid k(+) and na(+) influx in response to different nacl and kcl treatments, and the accumulation of k(+) and na(+) as the plants acclimated to long-term stress were studied in culture- solution experiments. a higher k ...	2004	15020645
expression and localisation analysis of the wheat sucrose transporter tasut1 in vegetative tissues.	previously we reported the isolation of three sucrose transporter genes, tasut1a, 1b and 1d, all expressed at high levels in the developing grains of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.), but also in a variety of other tissues. in order to further characterise the expression of the tasut1 genes in wheat plants, we have analysed tasut1 expression in their vegetative tissues using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation. th ...	2004	15014993
localization of a novel recessive powdery mildew resistance gene from common wheat line rd30 in the terminal region of chromosome 7al.	segregation analysis of resistance to powdery mildew in a f(2) progeny from the cross chinese spring (cs) x ta2682c revealed the inheritance of a dominant and a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. selfing of susceptible f(2) individuals allowed the establishment of a mapping population segregating exclusively for the recessive resistance gene. the extracted resistant derivative showing full resistance to each of 11 wheat powdery mildew isolates was designated rd30. amplified fragment lengt ...	2004	15014874
microsatellite-based deletion bin system for the establishment of genetic-physical map relationships in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	because of polyploidy and large genome size, deletion stocks of bread wheat are an ideal material for physically allocating ests and genes to small chromosomal regions for targeted mapping. to enhance the utility of deletion stocks for chromosome bin mapping, we characterized a set of 84 deletion lines covering the 21 chromosomes of wheat using 725 microsatellites. we localized these microsatellite loci to 94 breakpoints in a homozygous state (88 distal deletions, 6 interstitial), and 5 in a het ...	2004	15004738
genetic basis of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance using single-locus and two-locus qtl analyses in bread wheat.	quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (phst) in bread wheat was conducted following single-locus and two-locus analyses, using data on a set of 110 recombinant inbred lines (rils) of the international triticeae mapping initiative population grown in four different environments. single-locus analysis following composite interval mapping (cim) resolved a total of five qtls with one to four qtls in each of the four individual environments. four of these five qtl ...	2004	14986154
protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts regulates starch branching enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions.	protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts and chloroplasts of triticum aestivum (wheat) was investigated after the incubation of intact plastids with gamma-(32)p-atp. among the soluble phosphoproteins detected in plastids, three forms of starch branching enzyme (sbe) were phosphorylated in amyloplasts (sbei, sbeiia, and sbeiib), and both forms of sbe in chloroplasts (sbei and sbeiia) were shown to be phosphorylated after sequencing of the immunoprecipitated (32)p-labeled phosphoproteins using quadr ...	2004	14973170
one hundred and one new microsatellite loci derived from ests (est-ssrs) in bread wheat.	four hundred and seventy-eight microsatellite markers derived from expressed sequence tags (est-ssrs) were screened among three mapping populations (w-7984xopata 85, wopop; lumaixhanxuan, lhpop; wenmaixshanhongmai, wspop). the number of polymorphic est-ssr primer pairs found in wopop, lhpop and wspop was 92, 58 and 29 respectively. a total of 101 est-ssr loci amplified from 88 primer sets were distributed over the 20 chromosomes of the reference maps (no markers were located on chromosome 4b). t ...	2004	14968301
mechanisms underlying the amelioration of o3-induced damage by elevated atmospheric concentrations of co2.	there is growing evidence that rising atmospheric co2 concentrations will reduce or prevent reductions in the growth and productivity of c3 crops attributable to ozone (o3) pollution. in this study, the role of pollutant exclusion in mediating this response was investigated through growth chamber-based investigations on leaves 4 and 7 of spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hanno). in the core experiments, plants were raised at two atmospheric co2 concentrations (ambient [350 micro l l(-1)] or el ...	2004	14966219
temporal dynamics of carbon partitioning and rhizodeposition in wheat.	the temporal dynamics of partitioning and rhizodeposition of recent photosynthate in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots were quantified in situ in solution culture. after a 30-min pulse of (14)co(2) to a single intact leaf, (14)c activities of individual carbon fluxes in the root, including exudation, respiration, and root content, were measured continuously over the next 20 h concurrently with (14)c efflux from the leaf. immediately after the end of the (14)co(2) pulse, (14)c activity was detected ...	2004	14764904
structural studies of the allelic wheat glutenin subunits 1bx7 and 1bx20 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	structural studies of the high molecular mass (hmm) glutenin subunits 1bx7 (from cvs hereward and galatea) and 1bx20 (from cv. bidi17) of bread wheat were conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/esi-ms). for all three proteins, maldi-tofms analysis showed that the isolated fractions contained a second component with a mass ...	2004	14760615
similarities of omega gliadins from triticum urartu to those encoded on chromosome 1a of hexaploid wheat and evidence for their post-translational processing.	the omega-gliadins encoded on chromosome 1 of the a genome were purified from triticum aestivum l. (2n=6 x=42, aabbdd) cv. butte86, nullisomic 1d-tetrasomic 1a of cv. chinese spring (cs n1dt1a), and the diploid t. urartu (2n=2 x=14, aa ). reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadin extracts from cs nullisomic-tetrasomic (nt) lines confirmed the assignment to chromosome 1a. the purified omega-gliadins were ...	2004	14747918
formation of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) embryogenic callus involves peroxide-generating germin-like oxalate oxidase.	in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.), embryogenic callus formation comprises suppression of precocious germination by the zygotic embryo and the initiation of dedifferentiated cellular proliferation within it. embryogenic calli are induced by treating immature embryos with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). upon withdrawal from 2,4-d, somatic embryos develop from the periphery of the callus. prior to visible callus formation, there is a striking induction of "germin-like" oxalate oxidase ("gl-o ...	2004	14745556
drought acclimation reduces o2*- accumulation and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings.	abiotic stresses cause ros accumulation, which is detrimental to plant growth. it is well known that acclimation of plants under mild or sub-lethal stress condition leads to development of resistance in plants to severe or lethal stress condition. the generation of ros and subsequent oxidative damage during drought stress is well documented in the crop plants. however, the effect of drought acclimation treatment on ros accumulation and lipid peroxidation has not been examined so far. in this stu ...	2004	14741695
identification and molecular characterization of a novel y-type glu-dt 1 glutenin gene of aegilops tauschii.	a novel y-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit possessing a slightly faster mobility than that of subunit 1dy12 in sds-page, designated 1dy12.1(t) in aegilops tauschi, was identified by one- and two-dimensional gel and capillary electrophoresis. its coding gene at the glu-d(t) 1 locus was amplified with allele-specific-pcr primers, and the amplified products were cloned and sequenced. the complete nucleotide sequence of 2,807 bp containing an open reading frame of 1,950 bp and 857 bp of u ...	2004	14740085