Publications

produce handling and processing practices.	in the past decade, outbreaks of human illness associated with the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits (or unpasteurized products produced from them) have increased in the united states. changes in agronomic, harvesting, distribution, processing, and consumption patterns and practices have undoubtedly contributed to this increase. pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, clostridium botulinum, and bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is no ...	1997	9366597
crystal structure of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes.	the x-ray crystal structure of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes has been determined both in free form at 2.0 a resolution, and in complex with the competitive inhibitor myo-inositol at 2.6 a resolution. the structure was solved by a combination of molecular replacement using the structure of bacillus cereus pi-plc and single isomorphous replacement. the enzyme consists of a single (beta alpha)8-barrel domain with the active ...	1997	9367761
in-vitro photobactericidal activity of aminoacridines.	the toxicities of several aminoacridines were measured against pathogenic strains of both gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa) organisms. in several cases, illumination at a light dose of 6.3 j/cm2 resulted in considerable decreases in the minimum lethal drug concentrations required, giving up to 50-fold increases in bactericidal activity. derivatives of 9-aminoacridine (aminacrine) exhibited ph ...	1997	9372431
bacterial phospholipase c upregulates matrix metalloproteinase expression by cultured epithelial cells.	phospholipase c (plc) is a putative virulence factor of several pathogenic bacteria. we studied if exogenous plc would perturb epithelial behavior in infected tissues. gelatin and casein zymography of cell culture medium indicated that the broad-spectrum plc of bacillus cereus induced matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) production in epithelial cells of human skin (nhek), human gingiva (hge), and porcine periodontal ligament (ple). in all three cell types, the strongest increase (ninefold) at 0.1 u/m ...	1997	9393778
bacillus cereus peritonitis in a patient being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.		1997	9394346
inhibitory effect on curcumin on mammalian phospholipase d activity.	curcumin, the major yellow pigment of turmeric (curcuma longa), has strong anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. we examined the effects of curcumin on enzyme activities of the following phospholipases in a cell-free system: g protein-mediated phospholipase d (pld), phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c, and phospholipase a2 from mouse macrophage-like cell line j774.1 cells, sphingomyelinase from bovine brain, and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase c from bacillus cereus. cu ...	1997	9395294
diarrhoeal toxin production at low temperature by selected strains of bacillus cereus.	the growth of four bacillus cereus strains producing diarrhoeal toxin at 32 degrees c (f4433/73 and 29.155, isolated on the occasion of foodborne outbreaks, and f4581/76l and f4581/76r, two variants of a clinical strain), a weakly toxigenic strain isolated in routine analysis of food (3505m) and an emetic isolate (f3502/73) was investigated at low temperature. biomass was determined by protein assay. generation times were: for strain f3502/73, which grew at > or = 12 degrees c, 8.71 h (at 12 deg ...	1997	9403769
expression of cereolysine ab genes in bacillus anthracis vaccine strain ensures protection against experimental hemolytic anthrax infection.	the cereolysin ab genes from bacillus cereus vkm-b164 have been expressed in bacillus anthracis strains: virulent h-7 (pxo1, pxo2), vaccine sti-1 (pxo1), 221 (without its own plasmids). expression was achieved by cloning the genes in a high copy number plasmid pe194. this construct was integrated with host genomes in amplified form. gold hamsters were vaccinated with parental and recombinant b. anthracis sti-1 and 221 strains and challenged with virulent ones subcutaneously. gold hamsters vaccin ...	1997	9413092
effects of sporulation ph on the heat resistance and the sporulation of bacillus cereus.	spores of bacillus cereus atcc 7004, 4342 and 9818 were obtained in nutrient agar at several ph from 5.9 to 8.3. the optimum ph for sporulation was around 7, but good production of spores was obtained in the range 6.5-8.3. with all three strains, d-values clearly dropped with sporulation ph, decreasing by about 65% per ph unit. z-values were not significantly modified (p > 0.05) by this factor. mean z-values of 7.13 degrees c +/- 0.16 for strain 7004, 7.67 degrees c +/- 0.04 for 4342 and 8.80 de ...	1997	9418067
single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of pcr-tdna fingerprinting to address the identification of bacillus species.	the suitability of tdna-pcr fingerprinting to identify species of the genus bacillus was tested on 75 strains. strains belonging to the same species or the same phylogenetic cluster were correctly grouped. among b. stearothermophilus strains, different pattern types were found. this could be due to the unclear taxonomic situation of these strains, rather than to a failure of the tdna-pcr. single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) of the pcr products allowed species discrimination within the ...	1997	9418243
inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamases by a series of thiol ester derivatives of mercaptophenylacetic acid.	a series of mercaptophenylacetic acid thiol esters bearing a phenyl substituent adjacent to the carboxylic acid function has been shown to be inhibitors of metallo-beta-lactamases. the inhibition of the bacteroides fragilis cfia and bacillus cereus ii metallo-beta-lactamases was zn2- dependent, greater inhibition being observed at 1 microm znso4 than at 100 microm znso4. despite this zn2+ dependency, isothermal titration calorimetry studies illustrated that representative compounds had no detect ...	1997	9418252
[staphylococcal sepsis associated with platelet transfusion: report of a new case and review of the literature].	bacterial contamination of blood components is an infrequent although potentially fatal event. bacterial contamination rate of platelet concentrates (pc) varies between 1/900 to 1/2,000 random donor units. however the risk of symptomatic bacteriemias is lower (between 1/2,000 to 1/12,000 random donor units). the organisms most commonly implicated in contaminated pc are gram-positive bacteria such as coagulase negative staphylococci, bacillus cereus or propionibacterium acnes, although gram-negat ...	1997	9424743
a genetic system that reports transient activation of genes in bacillus.	site-specific recombination is a powerful tool for precise excision of dna fragments. we used this characteristic to construct a genetic system to report the transient activation of a promoter by promoting the stable acquisition of an antibiotic resistance marker by the bacterium. the system is composed of two compatible plasmid derivatives from gram-positive bacteria. one of the plasmids allows the insertion of promoters upstream from tnpi, which encodes the site-specific recombinase of tn4430. ...	1997	9427554
bacillus cereus necrotizing cellulitis mimicking clostridial myonecrosis: case report and review of the literature.	we describe a case of rapidly progressive necrotizing cellulitis in an immunocompromised farmer caused by bacillus cereus, and review 15 additional cases of serious soft tissue infection due to this organism reported in the english language literature. these cases illustrate the potential for b. cereus to cause fulminant soft tissue disease indistinguishable from that caused by clostridia.	1997	9435050
bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins.	bacillus cereus is becoming one of the more important causes of food poisoning in the industrialised world. it produces one emetic toxin and three different enterotoxins. the emetic toxin is a ring-shaped structure of three repeats of four amino and/or oxy acids: [d-o-leu-d-ala-l-o-val-l-val]3. this ring structure has a molecular mass of 1.2 kda, and is chemically closely related to the potassium ionophore valinomycin. two of the three enterotoxins have been shown to be involved in food poisonin ...	1997	9435100
the role of the nonconserved residues at position 167 of class a beta-lactamases in susceptibility to mechanism-based inhibitors.	differences in specificities between the class a beta-lactamases for both substrate and inhibitors are known. the role of the nonconserved amino acid residue at position 167 of the class a enzyme, which forms a cis bond with the catalytically essential glu-166 residue, in both the hydrolysis of beta-lactam substrates and inactivation by mechanism-based inhibitors, was investigated. site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the penpc gene encoding the bacillus cereus 569/h beta-lactamase i to re ...	1996	9158770
[oral long-term administration of probiotic b. cereus--an alternative for the the prevention of enterotoxemia?].	aetiology and epizootiology of enterotoxaemia, especially the connection between development of the disease and the management of feeding are described and newer knowledge about the physiopathology of the disease is presented. a comparative description of prophylactic schemes which include immuno- and chemoprophylaxis follows. the principles of the application and the effect of probiotic organisms as a new approach to prevent the disease are explained. the probiotic effect of apathogenic non-hae ...	1996	9035967
[the detection of toxinogenic bacillus cereus strains].	investigations into optimal culture conditions for bacillus cereus in order to detect bacterial toxins in a cell culture system showed that dulbecco's modified eagle's medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum is the medium best suited for this purpose. the highest toxicity levels were seen when bacteria were cultured at 21 degrees c. in 42 of 43 bacillus cereus-strains isolated from milk and milk products, toxin formation was detected using the mtt-test. in 11 strains, toxin formation was ev ...	1996	9012242
incidence of diarrhea with antibiotics and the increase of clostridia in rabbits.	rabbits were treated with a single intravenous injection of various antibiotics. more than 40 per cent of the animals showed diarrhea after being treated with sulbactam/cefoperazone, cefmetazole, clindamycin, piperacillin or aspoxicillin. clostridium difficile was isolated from sulbactam/cefoperazone-treated diarrheic rabbits, with their cecal contents showing positive reaction in a latex agglutination test for c. difficile enterotoxin. however, 27 cefmetazole-induced diarrheic cases were not as ...	1996	8996700
genotypic and phenotypic analysis of zwittermicin a-producing strains of bacillus cereus.	many strains of bacillus cereus produce zwittermicin a, a novel antibiotic that contributes to the ability of b. cereus to suppress certain plant diseases. the purpose of this study was to identify molecular indicators of zwittermicin a production in b, cereus strains, contribute to an understanding of the ecology and evolution of this group of bacteria, and identify potential agents for control of plant disease. the fatty acid composition of 20 strains known to be zwittermicin a producers and 2 ...	1996	9004505
a distant evolutionary relationship between bacterial sphingomyelinase and mammalian dnase i.	the three-dimensional structure of bacterial sphingomyelinase (smase) was predicted using a protein fold recognition method; the search of a library of known structures showed that the smase sequence is highly compatible with the mammalian dnase i structure, which suggested that smase adopts a structure similar to that of dnase i. the amino acid sequence alignment based on the prediction revealed that, despite the lack of overall sequence similarity (less than 10% identity), those residues of dn ...	1996	8976554
use of cluster and discriminant analyses to compare rhizosphere bacterial communities following biological perturbation	we present an approach to comparing the diversity and composition of bacterial communities from different habitats and for identifying which members of a community are most affected by an introduced bacterium. we use this method to explore both previously published and new data from field and growth chamber experiments in which we isolated heterotrophic bacteria from samples of root-free soil, roots of nontreated soybean seedlings, and from the roots of soybean seedlings grown from bacillus cere ...	1996	8688005
food-borne disease outbreaks in taiwan, 1994.	in 1994, 102 outbreaks of food-borne disease involving 4,726 cases were reported to the taiwan department of health. this is the highest number of outbreaks and cases in recent years in taiwan. of these outbreaks, 72.5% (74/102) were caused by bacterial pathogens, with vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for 56.7% (42/74), staphylococcus aureus 20.3% (15/74), bacillus cereus 14.9% (11/74) and salmonella spp other than s. typhi and s. paratyphi 8.1% (6/74). v. parahaemolyticus has been a leading ...	1996	8688712
cloning, sequencing, and expression of a beta-amylase gene from bacillus cereus var. mycoides and characterization of its products.	the cloned gene was composed of 1638 bp for coding plus promoter like and sd-like sequences ahead of it. the deduced amino acid sequence had high similarity with known beta-amylases. the n-terminal sequence of the cloned beta-amylase seemed to be a signal peptide. the gene was introduced into bacillus subtilis 1a289 using phy300plk as a vector and the expressed protein was recovered from the culture media. the enzyme fraction produced was divided into two components upon the deae column chromato ...	1996	8987540
accumulation of benzoic acid in suspension cultured cells of pinus thunbergii parl. in response to phenylacetic acid administration.	the generation and accumulation of both benzoic acid (ba) and its conjugates were induced in suspension cultured cells of pinus thunbergii by administering either phenylacetic acid (pa), a toxic metabolite of bacillus cereus (strain hy-3) accompanying the pine wood nematode, or a lyophilized culture supernatant of this bacterium. ba conjugates reached their maximal levels in quantity two days after the administration and then decreased gradually until the 14th day, while ba increased significant ...	1996	8987587
two investigational glycylcyclines, dmg-dmdot and dmg-mino. antimicrobial activity studies against gram-positive species.	dmg-dmdot (cl-331,002 or cl-331,928) and dmg-mino (cl-329,998 or cl-344,677) are two new semisynthetic tetracyclines called glycylcyclines, with a broad spectrum of activity and includes enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci, jk diphtheroids, and bacillus cereus. potent activity was demonstrated against all streptococcus spp. strains [minimum inhibitory concentrations] (mic90s) 0.06-0.25 micrograms/ml) and staphylococci (oxacillin susceptible ans resistant; mic90s 0.12-2 micrograms/ml). both g ...	1996	8988765
risk factors for outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease linked to domestic catering.	the epidemiology of general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease associated with domestic catering for large numbers is described and compared with foodborne outbreaks in other settings. from 1 january 1992 to 31 december 1994, the phls communicable disease surveillance centre identified 101 foodborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease associated with domestic catering in england and wales (16% of all foodborne outbreaks). salmonella species were associated with 77 of the 1 ...	1996	8990573
[site-specific bcuai endonuclease from bacillus cereus a].	a new restriction endonuclease was isolated from the bacillus cereus bkm b-814 by means of the cell disruption with ultrasonication, ammonium sulfate fractionation of the cell-free extract, and chromatography on deae-sepharose to give about 1400 u of the enzyme per gram of cells. the enzyme revealed the maximum activity at 30-37 degrees c, ph 7.6-8.2, and 5-10 mm mgcl2 under a high ionic strength (50 mm tris-hcl, 100 mm nacl). the site-specific endonuclease bcuai was found to recognize the 5' g ...	1996	8992958
[exotoxins of bacillus cereus associated with food poisoning].		1996	8994344
a germination-specific spore cortex-lytic enzyme from bacillus cereus spores: cloning and sequencing of the gene and molecular characterization of the enzyme.	a gene (sleb) encoding a 24-kda germination-specific spore cortex-lytic enzyme, probably an n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase, was cloned from bacillus cereus, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. it was indicated that the enzyme is produced as a 259-residue protein with a signal sequence of 32 residues and is present in dormant spores in its active form. sulfhydryl reagents inactivated the enzyme, but mutation of a single cysteine of the protein, cys-258, to gly did not cause complete in ...	1996	8752358
crystal structure of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus in complex with glucosaminyl(alpha 1-->6)-d-myo-inositol, an essential fragment of gpi anchors.	numerous proteins on the external surface of the plasma membrane are anchored by glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (gpi), rather than by hydrophobic amino acids embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. these gpi anchors are cleaved by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases c (pi-plcs) to release a water-soluble protein with an exposed glycosylinositol moiety and diacylglycerol, which remains in the membrane. we have previously determined the crystal structure of bacillus cereus ...	1996	8755729
selective killing of human monocytes and cytokine release provoked by sphingomyelinase (beta-toxin) of staphylococcus aureus.	the best-known activity of staphylococcus aureus sphingomyelinase c, alias beta-toxin, is as a hemolysin that provokes hot-cold lysis of erythrocytes which contain substantial amounts of sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane. sheep erythrocytes are most susceptible, and we found that one hemolytic unit, representing the toxin concentration that elicits 50% hemolysis of 2.5 x 10(8) erythrocytes per ml, corresponds to 0.05 enzyme units or to approximately 0.25 microg of sphingomyelinase per ml. the ...	1996	8757823
[construction of shuttle vector containing delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis].	the bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene cryia(c) was inserted into the shuttle vector pbe-2 to construct pamy for expressing the b.t. gene in both gram-negative and -positive bacterial systems. pamy was introduced into wild type bacillus cereus, b.brevis and b.subtilis by electroporation. transformants containing delta-endotoxin gene produced proteins reacted with b.t. crystal protein antibody. upon biological toxicity tests, the transformants gave a mortality of 100% against ostrinia furnacilis, ...	1996	8762474
zwittermicin a resistance gene from bacillus cereus.	zwittermicin a is a novel aminopolyol antibiotic produced by bacillus cereus that is active against diverse bacteria and lower eukaryotes (l.a. silo-suh, b.j. lethbridge, s.j. raffel, h. he, j. clardy, and j. handelsman, appl. environ. microbiol. 60:2023-2030, 1994). to identify a determinant for resistance to zwittermicin a, we constructed a genomic library from b. cereus uw85, which produces zwittermicin a, and screened transformants of escherichia coli dh5alpha, which is sensitive to zwitterm ...	1996	8763956
evidence for a further enterotoxin complex produced by bacillus cereus.	out of 321 strains of bacillus cereus from several sources and isolated in four different countries, 239 (74%) produced cytotoxins. only 127 (53%) of the cytotoxic strains were positive for the b-component gene of the haemolysin bl (enterotoxin) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). western blots using antiserum produced against enterotoxin(s) gave positive results for 199 (83%) of the cytotoxic b. cereus strains. on closer examination of seven of the strains, involved in food poisoning, we found ...	1996	8768515
characterisation of a non-haemolytic enterotoxin complex from bacillus cereus isolated after a foodborne outbreak.	three enterotoxic components have been isolated from a strain of bacillus cereus which was involved in a large food poisoning outbreak in norway in 1995. the components were purified by chromatography on three different columns. three proteins of 39, 45 and 105 kda, respectively, were found to be necessary for maximum cytotoxicity. the amino acid n-terminal sequences of the 39 and 45 kda proteins were determined. the 45 kda component was the same protein as the main antigen detected in the bacil ...	1996	8768516
the chromosome map of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. canadensis hd224 is highly similar to that of the bacillus cereus type strain atcc 14579.	a physical map of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. canadensis hd224 chromosome based on asci, noti, and sfii restriction sites has been established. the chromosome map of 4.3 mb was similar to a revised map of the chromosome of the b. cereus type strain atcc 14579, except that the b. thuringiensis subsp. canadensis hd224 chromosome lacked a noti site and had two additional asci sites. the positions of 27 probes were identical in the common macromap. a probe for the insecticidal toxin gene, cryi ...	1996	8768518
[the anticomplement activity of the commercial strain of bacillus cereus ip 5832 and of enterobacteria when cocultured].	bacillus cereus production strain ip 5832 of the preparation "bactisubtil" has been characterized with respect to its anticomplementary activity (aca) and the parameters of its heterogeneity in the process of adaptation to trypticase-soybean medium and during cultivation in anaerobic conditions have been determined. the cultivation of b.cereus strain ip 5832 jointly with escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated in enteric disbiosis, affects aca in differ ...	1996	8771743
increased accommodation of nascent rna in a product site on rna polymerase ii during arrest.	rna polymerases encounter specific dna sites at which rna chain elongation takes place in the absence of enzyme translocation in a process called discontinuous elongation. for rna polymerase ii, at least some of these sequences also provoke transcriptional arrest where renewed rna polymerization requires elongation factor sii. recent elongation models suggest the occupancy of a site within rna polymerase that accommodates nascent rna during discontinuous elongation. here we have probed the exten ...	1996	8692922
seasonal variations in the isolation of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens from environmental samples.	calf carcasses contaminated with s. typhimurium, b. cereus and cl. perfringens were placed in either a decomposition pit or in a deep burial pit. salmonella was isolated from the soil around the decomposition pit for 27 weeks and for 15 weeks around the burial site. salmonella re-appeared in soil samples during cold winter weather after an apparent 9-week absence from the decomposition pit and after 68 weeks in the burial site (a total of 88 weeks after the start of the experiment). there was al ...	1996	8693843
use of site-directed mutagenesis to probe structure-function relationships of alpha-toxin from clostridium perfringens.	the nh2-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens is highly homologous to the complete phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (pc-plc), for which a high-resolution crystal structure is available. this structural information was used as the basis of a site-directed mutagenesis strategy in which critical amino acid residues of alpha-toxin involved in zinc binding, interaction with substrate, or catalysis were replaced. biochemical studies with the corresponding toxin variants ind ...	1996	8698464
(all trans)-2,4,6,8,10,12-tetradecahexene-1,14-dial, a new pigment from conidiobolus paulus.	a study of the coloring matter produced by conidiobolus paulus drechsler nrrl 2648 on potato-dextrose medium led to the isolation of a new dialdehyde unsaturated metabolite, (all trans)-2,4,6,8,10,12-tetradeca-1,14-hexenedial. the structure was characterized by ms and by 1h- and 13c-nmr. the compound inhibited the growth of the gram-positive bacterium, bacillus cereus, and the gram-negative bacterium, escherichia coli (mic values of 10 micrograms and 50 micrograms, respectively).	1996	8699189
production of kanosamine by bacillus cereus uw85.	bacillus cereus uw85 produces two antibiotics that contribute to its ability to suppress certain plant diseases (l. silo-suh, b. lethbridge, s. j. raffel, h. he, j. clardy, and j. handelsman, appl. environ. microbiol. 60:2023-2030, 1994). to enhance the understanding of disease suppression by uw85, we determined the chemical structure, regulation, and the target range of one of the antibiotics. the antibiotic was identified as 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-glucose, also known as kanosamine. kanosamine was h ...	1996	8702302
inhibition by gangliosides of bacillus cereus phospholipase c activity against monolayers, micelles and bilayer vesicles.	the effect of complex glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) on the activity of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus was studied using lipid monolayers, mixed micelles and small unilamellar vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine as substrate. in all artificial membrane systems assayed, gangliosides exhibit qualitatively similar inhibitory properties. gangliosides decrease the enzyme activity irrespective of the aggregation structure in which the substrate is offered to b. cereus phospholipase c, and ...	1996	8706693
n-(2-ferrocene-ethyl)maleimide: a new electroactive sulphydryl-specific reagent for cysteine-containing peptides and proteins.	we report the synthesis and application of a specific electroactive label, n-(2-ferrocene-ethyl)maleimide, which provides new redox properties to organic compounds and proteins possessing sulphydryl groups. its reaction conditions with the cysteine-containing peptide, glutathione, and a terminal monooxygenase enzyme, cytochrome p450cam are presented. the labelled peptide and enzyme acquired reversible electrochemical properties due to the attached ferrocene moiety.	1996	8706845
microbiological quality & incidence of organisms of public health importance in food & water in ludhiana.	bacteriological analysis of 713 samples of various types of foods and related articles and potable water samples from different places in ludhiana, punjab was carried out. the highest counts ranging from 2.5 x 10(6)-7.5 x 10(8) organisms/g were observed in raw vegetables and fruits, followed by 3 x 10(6)-9.8 x 10(7)/ml, 8.3 x 10(4)-8.9 x 10(7)/g and 1 x 10(3)-6.7 x 10(7)/g in fruit juice, milk and its products, and salty/non milk snacks respectively. fresh chapati, dal, rice, cooked vegetables a ...	1996	8707360
[bacillus cereus chitinases: isolation and characteristics].	three chitinases (m(r) = 68, 52 and 38 kda) have been isolated from the cultural filtrate of bacillus cereus strain vkpm b-6838 by stepwise hydrophobic chromatography on butyl-toyopearl and gel filtration on superdex 75 (fplc). the chitinases are stable in the ph range 4-10 and have the same ph optimum of activity. the 68 and 38 kda enzymes display the highest activity at 60 degrees c. while the 52 kda chitinase-at 50 degrees c. in contrast with the 68- and 52 kda enzymes, the 38 kda chitinase h ...	1996	8717500
ionophore properties of monensin derivatives studied on human erythrocytes by 23na nmr and k+ and h+ potentiometry: relationship with antimicrobial and antimalarial activities.	eight derivatives of monensin with a modified c25-c26 moiety were synthesized. their ionophore properties were studied on human erythrocytes by measuring na+ influx with 23na nmr and concomitant k+ and h+ efflux by potentiometry. modification of oh-26 led to inversion of selectivity of transport in favor of k+/na+ in comparison with monensin. this selectivity disappeared by suppression of the c26-oh moiety. finally the ionophore ability was lost if the head-to-tail chelation of the monensin skel ...	1996	8558531
useful visual outcomes after treatment of bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.	bacillus cereus endophthalmitis occurring after penetrating ocular trauma has been almost always associated with a poor visual outcome. the purpose of our study was to review and report patients who had useful visual acuity outcomes.	1996	8600414
the antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (capsicum species) and their uses in mayan medicine.	a survey of the mayan pharmacopoeia revealed that tissues of capsicum species (solanaceae) are included in a number of herbal remedies for a variety of ailments of probable microbial origin. using a filter disk assay, plain and heated aqueous extracts from fresh capsicum annuum, capsicum baccatum, capsicum chinese, capsicum frutescens, and capsicum pubescens varieties were tested for their antimicrobial effects with fifteen bacterial species and one yeast species. two pungent compounds found in ...	1996	8735449
[bacteremia associated with implantable device for central venous access caused by bacillus cereus].		1996	8744378
analysis of the critical sites for protein thermostabilization by proline substitution in oligo-1,6-glucosidase from bacillus coagulans atcc 7050 and the evolutionary consideration of proline residues.	to identify the critical sites for protein thermostabilization by proline substitution, the gene for oligo-1,6- glucosidase from a thermophilic bacillus coagulans strain, atcc 7050, was cloned as a 2.4-kb dna fragment and sequenced. in spite of a big difference in their thermostabilities, b. coagulans oligo-1,6-glucosidase had a large number of points in its primary structure identical to respective points in the same enzymes from a mesophilic bacillus cereus strain, atcc 7064 (57%), and an obli ...	1996	8787404
antifungal azoxybacilin exhibits activity by inhibiting gene expression of sulfite reductase.	azoxybacilin, produced by bacillus cereus, has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity in methionine-free medium and has been suggested to inhibit sulfite fixation. we have further investigated the mode of action by which azoxybacilin kills fungi. the compound inhibited the incorporation of [35s] sulfate into acid-insoluble fractions of saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions in which virtually no inhibition was observed for dna, rna, or protein synthesis. it did not interfere with the activit ...	1996	8787893
crystal structure of the wide-spectrum binuclear zinc beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis.	the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis hydrolyzes a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics, and is not clinically susceptible to any known beta-lactamase inhibitors. b. fragilis is associated with post-surgery hospital infections, and there has been a recent report of plasmid-mediated dissemination of the enzyme. effective inhibitors are therefore urgently needed. knowledge of the three-dimensional structure will aid in the drug design effort.	1996	8805566
characteristics of streptomyces strains isolated from soils in two landfill areas in north jordan.	a total of 114 streptomyces strains were isolated and purified from soils collected from al akider (53) and from al kafeer (61) landfill areas in north jordan. the al akider strains were classified into 5 colour series gray (27), white (18), yellow (3), violet (3) and green (2); while the al kafeer strains were classified into 6 colour series white (26), gray (16), yellow (9), red (2), green (7) and blue (1). melanin pigment was produced by 21 and 25% of the al akider and al kafeer strains, resp ...	1996	8806943
infection with bacillus cereus after close-range gunshot injuries.	three patients were admitted with close-range gunshot wounds of the knee and lower leg, inflicted in all three cases through clothing. at admission, all of the patients were given antibiotics (cefuroxime and metronidazole) to prevent streptococcal and anaerobic infection. all of the patients developed severe tissue infection with bacillus cereus within days of admission. in one case, the organism was also recovered from the blood. b. cereus is capable of causing severe infection after trauma and ...	1996	8810981
the aggregation-mediated conjugation system of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: host range and kinetics of transfer.	the aggregation-mediated conjugation system in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis encoded on the plasmid pxo16 is characterized by the formation of aggregates when agr+ and agr- cells are socialized in exponential growth. using the aggregation phenotypes, we have identified potential recipients of the aggregation-plasmid pxo16 among bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, and 24 subspecies of b. thuringiensis. we found 14 agr- strains, i.e., potential ...	1996	8824168
a gene (sleb) encoding a spore cortex-lytic enzyme from bacillus subtilis and response of the enzyme to l-alanine-mediated germination.	the bacillus subtilis sleb gene, which codes for the enzyme homologous to the germination-specific amidase from bacillus cereus, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. sequence analysis showed that it had an open reading frame of 918 bp, coding for a polypeptide of 305 amino acids with a putative signal sequence of 29 residues. enzyme activity was not found in germination exudate of b. subtilis spores, which differs from the case of b. cereus enzyme. a b. subtilis mutant with an ...	1996	8830707
frequency of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles of bacillus cereus strains isolated from milk.	plasmid profile analysis and susceptibility to eight commonly used antimicrobial agents was done on sixty bacillus cereus (b. cereus) strains isolated from milk. about seventy two percent (71.7%) of the isolates contained plasmids. the number of plasmids per isolate ranged between 1 and 5, while plasmid sizes ranged between 60 and 0.1 megadaltons (mda). all isolates were resistant to ampicillin with a relatively high rate of resistance to cotrimoxazole and sulphamethoxazole. the isolates showed ...	1996	8840598
expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c of bacillus cereus: probing the role of the active site glu146.	a series of site-specific mutants of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plcbc) was prepared in which the glutamic acid residue at position 146 was replaced with glutamine, aspartic acid, histidine, and leucine to elucidate what role glu146 might play in catalysis. an expression system for the native enzyme in escherichia coli was first developed to provide plcbc that was fused via an intervening factor xa protease recognition sequence at its n-terminus to ma ...	1996	8841144
reduction of risks associated with fumonisin contamination in corn.	fumonisins, produced by fusarium moniliforme, have been recognized as an important group of chemicals which cause health risks in domestic animals and humans. decontamination procedures for fumonisin b1 (fb1) were evaluated to determine chemical modification and reduction in toxic/carcinogenic potentials. ammoniation, a procedure used for decontamination of aflatoxins, yielded a 79% reduction in fb1 levels in naturally contaminated corn. authentic fb1 and fb1-contaminated corn were exposed to al ...	1996	8850629
antibacterial activity of lactobacillus plantarum ug1 isolated from dry sausage: characterization, production and bactericidal action of plantaricin ug1.	lactobacillus plantarum ug1 isolated from dry sausage produced an antimicrobial substance that inhibited other strains of the genera lactobacillus and lactococcus, and some foodborne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens and clostridium sporogenes. this antibacterial substance was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and showed a bactericidal mode of action. consequently, it was characterized as a bacteriocin, and was designated plantaricin ug1. this ...	1996	8854175
production of diarrheal toxin by selected strains of bacillus cereus.	the production of diarrheal toxin by six selected strains of bacillus cereus was monitored during growth at 32 degrees c, a temperature described as near-optimal for growth and toxin production. toxic activity was measured in culture filtrates and cellular extracts sampled at three different times during growth. two alternative methods, a cytotoxicity test on chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and a commercial immunological test (bcet-rpla, oxoid) were used. toxin titres were in agreement with ep ...	1996	8854186
preparation and validation of a growth model for bacillus cereus: the effects of temperature, ph, sodium chloride and carbon dioxide.	the growth responses of a vegetative inoculum of bacillus cereus as influenced by varying conditions of temperature, ph value and sodium chloride concentration (% w/v) and carbondioxide concentration (% v/v) were determined in laboratory medium. growth curves in concentrations of nacl in the range 0.5-10.5% (w/v), ph values in the range 4.5-7.0, co2 concentrations in the range 10-80% (v/v) and storage temperatures from 10 degrees c to 30 degrees c were fitted using the regime of baranyi et al. ( ...	1996	8854187
application of predictive microbiology to estimate the number of bacillus cereus in pasteurised milk at the point of consumption.	a procedure is presented to quantitatively estimate the growth of a particular organism in a food product during chilled storage using predictive microbiology. this results in a quantification of the contribution of every individual process step to the total number of organisms, which may be a useful tool to support decisions on existing process lines as well as in process and product design. it is demonstrated that predictive microbiology will only estimate to within orders of magnitude of bact ...	1996	8856374
experimental posttraumatic bacillus cereus endophthalmitis in a swine model. efficacy of intravitreal ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and imipenem.	the authors compare the intravitreal efficacy of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem, in treating experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.	1996	8865392
variable numbers of rrna gene operons in bacillus cereus strains.	ribosomal rna operon organisation was analysed in two bacillus cereus strains of different chromosome size, atcc 10987 (5.4 mb) and f0837/76 (2.4 mb). we estimated that there were twelve and nine copies of the rrna operons in these two strains, respectively. in b. cereus atcc 10987 six rrna operons were less than 10 kb apart, while in b. cereus f0837/76 four rrna operons were similarly clustered. the origin of replication was located in the vicinity of a rrna operon in both strains.	1996	8867386
mechanism and structure based inhibitors of phospholipase c enzymes.	pi-specific plc enzymes are a key component of phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling pathways since the hydrophobic product, diacylglycerol, activates protein kinase c and the water-soluble product, inositol trisphosphate, is involved in ca2+ mobilization. nonspecific, or pc-plc, enzymes can generate diacylglycerol without ca2+ mobilization. a series of inhibitors, both lipophilic and water-soluble, have been synthesized to target each of these two classes of plc enzymes. design of the inhibit ...	1996	8869740
methods for increasing survivability during storage of exponentially growing bacteria.	a protocol has been developed for storing gram (-) bacterial cells at 0 degrees c, which allows greater than 90% of stored cells to retain colony-forming ability for up to 60 days. the protocol, which yields essentially identical results when used with escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa, does not enhance survivability of bacillus cereus. the greatest and longest survival is enjoyed when exponentially growing cells in minimal-glucose medium are deprived of carbon for about 9 h, supplement ...	1996	8875912
in-vitro activity of ramoplanin (a novel lipoglycopeptide), vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive clinical isolates from cancer patients.	the in-vitro activities of ramoplanin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive organisms isolated from cancer patients were determined. ramoplanin was the most active agent tested inhibiting all isolates at a concentration of < or = 0.5 mg/l. although all isolates were also susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin, their activities were surpassed by that of ramoplanin. the activity of teicoplanin was moderately better than that of vancomycin against bacillus cereus, enterococcus faeci ...	1996	8877541
inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c: studies on synthetic substrates, inhibitors and a synthetic enzyme.	enzyme inhibition studies on phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from b. cereus were performed in order to gain an understanding of the mechanism of the pi-plc family of enzymes and to aid inhibitor design. inhibition studies on two synthetic cyclic phosphonate analogues (1,2) of inositol cyclic-1:2-monophosphate (cip), glycerol-2-phosphate and vanadate were performed using natural phosphatidylinositol (pi) substrate in triton x100 co-micelles and an nmr assay. further inhibit ...	1996	8877813
evaluation of serotyping, biotyping, plasmid banding pattern analysis, and hep-2 vacuolation factor assay in the epidemiological investigation of bacillus cereus emetic-syndrome food poisoning.	to assess the value of the plasmid banding patterns, the vacuolation factor (vf) assay, biotyping, and serological typing as epidemiological markers for strains of bacillus cereus causing emetic-syndrome illness, 43 isolates from five outbreaks and an additional 76 strains isolated in food-poisoning outbreaks caused by other enteric pathogens were examined by these techniques, and the results were compared. thirty-eight (88%) of the 43 outbreak strains produced vacuolation responses in hep-2 cel ...	1996	8880304
randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay for genomic fingerprinting of bacillus cereus isolates.	randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay was used for epidemiological subtyping of b. cereus and b. lentus. within 25 isolates of b. cereus up to 22 strain types could be determined when five primers were used. rapd patterns, which were found in three b. lentus strains, clearly differed form those of b. cereus. the rapd technique proved to be an effective tool for the characterization of b. cereus strains.	1996	8880317
effect of ph of the recovery medium on the apparent heat resistance of three strains of bacillus cereus.	the influence of ph of the recovery medium, in the range 7.6-5.4, on the apparent heat resistance of three strains of bacillus cereus (atcc 4342, 7004 and 9818) has been investigated. the highest counts of heat-injured spores were obtained at ph near neutral, decreasing markedly as ph was reduced, especially with longer heating times. when the media were acidified, the apparent d-values tended to decrease, although some exceptions related to the strain and the nature of the medium were observed. ...	1996	8880321
investigation of bacterial resistance to hatchery disinfectants.	three commercial chicken hatcheries were sampled for environmental bacteria. isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to commercial preparations of quaternary ammonia, phenolic, and glutaraldehyde liquid disinfectants. bacterial isolates were exposed to several disinfectant dilutions bracketing the dilutions recommended by the manufacturer for 5-, 10-, and 15-min exposure periods before subculturing to broth medium. approximately 8% of the isolates from two of three hatcheries were resistant ...	1996	8883778
subtyping of bacillus cereus by total cell protein patterns and arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction.	bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous sporeforming gram-positive rod that is associated with foodborne outbreaks as well as several opportunistic infections. inspite of the prevalence of b. cereus associated foodborne outbreaks, subtyping of the species using molecular typing assays was not attempted. in this study we have recovered 58 b. cereus isolates from natural and clinical sources and initially characterized them, along with a b. cereus strain (atcc 14579) and b. thuringiensis natural isolate, ...	1996	8884200
synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.	substrate analog inhibitors of bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) were synthesized and screened for their suitability to map the active site region of the enzyme by protein crystallography. analogs of the natural substrate phosphatidylinositol (pi) were designed to examine the importance of the lipid portion and the inositol phosphate head group for binding to the enzyme. the synthetic compounds contained pentyl, hexyl, or hexanoyl and octyl lipid chains at th ...	1996	8893831
structure-activity relationships in a series of substituted indolocarbazoles: topoisomerase i and protein kinase c inhibition and antitumoral and antimicrobial properties.	a series of compounds structurally related to staurosporine, rebeccamycin, and corresponding aglycones was synthesized, and their activities toward protein kinase c and topoisomerases i and ii were tested together with their in vitro antitumor efficiency against murine b16 melanoma and p388 leukemia cells. their antimicrobial activities were also examined against a gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli), a yeast (candida albicans), and three gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, streptomy ...	1996	8893841
epidemiological typing of bacillus spp. isolated from food.	biotypes, fatty acid profiles, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of a pcr product (pcr-rflp of the cereolysin ab gene) were compared for 62 isolates of the bacillus cereus group. eleven isolates originated from various foods, and 51 isolates were obtained from pasteurized milk which had been processed by two different dairies. the isolates were clustered into 6 biotypes, 10 fatty acid groups, or 7 pcr-rflp clusters. isolates with mesophilic or psychrotrophic characteristics were pref ...	1996	8900016
inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlic.	ajoene, a garlic-derived sulfur-containing compound that prevents platelet aggregation, exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. growth of gram-positive bacteria, such as bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium smegmatis, and streptomyces griseus, was inhibited at 5 micrograms of ajoene per ml. staphylococcus aureus and lactobacillus plantarum also were inhibited below 20 micrograms of ajoene per ml. for gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, a ...	1996	8900018
synthesis and reactions of some new 4h-pyrano[3,2-c]benzopyran-5-one derivatives and their potential biological activities.	several new 4h-pyrano[3,2-c]benzopyran-5-ones (6a-g and 10) which exhibited antibacterial and fungicidal activity, have been synthesized via a one flask multicomponent condensation of aldehydes with malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin. the reactions of 6a with several nucleophilic reagents are reported.	1996	8900865
characterization of pcr products from bacilli using electrospray ionization fticr mass spectrometry.	a procedure for rapid purification of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products allowing precise molecular weight determination using electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (esi-fticr) mass spectrometry is described. pcr amplification utilized the dna polymerase from pyrococcus furiosus (pfu) which, unlike taq, does not incorporate a nontemplated terminal deoxyadenosine phosphate. an 89-base pair nucleotide portion of the spacer region between the 16s and 23s ribosomal ...	1996	8914480
comparison of the beta-toxins from staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus intermedius.	the beta-toxins produced by staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus intermedius were purified to homogeneity from culture supernatants. although the toxin from s. aureus has been throughly studied, less is known about its unique counterpart from s. intermedius. this is the first reported purification and analysis of the s. intermedius beta-toxin. both toxins have similar enzymatic properties, belong to the class of neutral sphingomyelinases c, and have a high specificity for sphingomyelin. they ...	1996	8914839
mouse lethal activity of a hep-2 vacuolation factor, cereulide, produced by bacillus cereus isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning.	the hep-2 vacuolation factor (or cereulide) produced by bacillus cereus isolated from vomiting-type food poisoning, which is supposed to induce emesis, was found to give mouse and suncus lethality after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. the emetic activity of the factor was also found to be resistant to heating at 121 degrees c for 15 min, exposure to ph 2 and 11, and to digestion with proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin. these findings suggest that the cereulide produce ...	1996	8916007
killing of microorganisms by pulsed electric fields.	lethal effects of pulsed electric fields (pef) on suspensions of various bacteria, yeast, and spores in buffer solutions and liquid foodstuffs were examined. living-cell counts of vegetative cell types were reduced by pef treatment by up to more than four orders of magnitude (> 99.99%). on the other hand, endo- and ascospores were not inactivated or killed to any great extent. the killing of vegetative cell types depends on the electrical field strength of the pulses and on the treatment time (t ...	1996	8920190
evaluation of swirling, ph, and glucose tests for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates.	although infrequent, episodes of transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis may lead to serious outcomes or death and therefore are of concern. this study evaluates the sensitivity of three surrogate tests for the presence of bacteria in platelet concentrates: cessation of swirling, low extracellular ph, and low plasma glucose levels.	1996	8937410
is the exploding powder gas of the propellant from blank cartridges sterile?	shots from blank weapons loaded with blank cartridges, when fired from close range or as a contact shot, almost always cause the skin to burst open and lead to injuries to structures below the surface. subsequently, wound infections are often observed. in addition to the introduction of skin germs, the possibility exists that contaminated propellants may enter into consideration as a source of infection. using step-by-step experimental procedures we were able to demonstrate that: 1. blank cartri ...	1996	8939008
an alkaline d-stereospecific endopeptidase with beta-lactamase activity from bacillus cereus.	we purified a novel extracellular d-stereospecific endopeptidase, alkaline d-peptidase (d-stereospecific peptide hydrolase, ec 3.4.11.-), to homogeneity from the culture broth of the soil bacterium bacillus cereus strain df4-b. the mr of the enzyme was 37,952, and it was composed of a single polypeptide chain. the optimal ph for activity was approximately 10.3. the enzyme was strictly d-stereospecific toward oligopeptides composed of dphenylalanine such as (d-phe)3 and (d-phe)4. the enzyme also ...	1996	8939979
vanadate is a potent competitive inhibitor of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.	monomeric vanadate is a potent competitive inhibitor of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus, much better than other oxyanions (e.g., phosphate or iodate). the apparent efficiency of inhibition depends on the substrate aggregate structure. the measured inhibition constant with respect to monomeric phosphatidylcholine substrate is 0.21 mm under conditions where the k(m) is 0.12 mm; for micellar substrate the apparent ki appears much lower and in fact tracks the apparent k(m) which decreases 10-fo ...	1996	8948489
experimental bacillus cereus post-traumatic endophthalmitis and treatment with ciprofloxacin.	bacillus species remain an important cause of post-traumatic endophthalmitis, often causing permanent visual loss.	1996	8949723
origin of the lag period in the phospholipase c cleavage of phospholipids in membranes. concomitant vesicle aggregation and enzyme activation.	when phospholipase c is added to a suspension of large unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine, maximal rates of hydrolysis occur only after a latency period. no lag period is seen when the substrate is in the form of small (sonicated) vesicles, or of short-chain phosphatidylcholine monomers. for a given vesicle concentration, the lag time may vary as a function of ca2+, enzyme concentration, or temperature, but activation occurs at a fixed molar fraction of diacylglycerol produced. lag ...	1996	8952465
mobilization of "nonmobilizable" plasmids by the aggregation-mediated conjugation system of bacillus thuringiensis.	the aggregation-mediated conjugation system of bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis (bti), encoded by the 200-kb plasmid pxo16, is highly potent in transferring itself and efficient in mobilizing other nonconjugative plasmids. in the present study we have analyzed the native bacillus cereus plasmid pbc16. this plasmid has previously been shown to harbor a mob gene (orf beta) and a locus functioning as an orit site in plasmid pls20-mediated conjugation in bacillus subtilis. however, in the c ...	1996	8954879
polyclonal catalytic anti-idiotypic antibodies with a beta-lactamase activity.		1996	8958088
mechanism of action of hemolysin iii from bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus hemolysin iii activity was tested in crude extracts, from escherichia coli carrying the hly-iii gene. it was concluded that hemolysin iii is a pore-forming hemolysin with functional pore diameter of about 3-3.5 nm. hemolysis occurs in at least three steps: (i) the temperature-dependent binding of the hly-iii monomers to the erythrocyte membrane; (ii) the temperature-dependent formation of the transmembrane oligomeric pore; (iii) the temperature-independent erythrocyte lysis.	1996	8962879
effect of high-power microwave on indicator bacteria for sterilization.	according to the superiority sterilization, a specially-designed microwave disinfector using high-power microwave energy was made. a series of sterilizing experiments have been made to determine the effect of microwave energy on several typical indicator bacteria such as bacillus subtilis var. niger, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus pumilus e601, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus. under the conditions of different sterilization duration and unequal intensity of microwave power irradiat ...	1996	9216147
[formation of a resting form of bacillus cereus and micrococcus luteus].	under certain cultivation conditions, the bacteria bacillus cereus and micrococcus luteus form cystlike refractive cells (up to 60% of the total number) that retain viability over a long time, are metabolically inactive and thermotolerant and possess specific ultrastructure. these properties allow them to be attributed to a new type of resting forms of microorganisms.	1996	9102554
[the detection of peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus and bacillus cereus in clinical materials from a child who died of sepsis with a fulminant clinical course].	a case of an acute disease with a rapid clinical course and a fatal outcome in the presence of irreversible toxicoinfectious shock, appearing in two children after the consumption of sheep kidneys, is described. the post mortem examination of the children revealed the presence of hemorrhagic, erosive and necrotic areas on the mucous membrane of the stomach, the duodenum and the upper section of the small intestine. from the material obtained by probing the stomach of one of the children 6 hours ...	1996	9103069
kinetics of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c with vesicles of a thiophosphate analogue of phosphatidylinositol.	1,2-dimyristoyloxypropane-3-thiophospho(1d-1-myo-inositol) (d-thio-dmpi) was synthesized as a substrate for the continuous spectrophotometric assay of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus cereus. release of thio-diglyceride is followed by a coupled reaction with 4,4'-dithiopyridine to produce a chromophore, 4-thiopyridine, measured by its absorption at 324 nm. sonicated vesicles of d-thio-dmpi gave sigmoidal michaelis-menten kinetics with pi-plc as a function of b ...	1996	9022217
evaluation of product analogues for purification of penicillinase by affinity chromatography.	among different matrices prepared, ampicilloic acid-polymer matrix offered 86.7% adsorption, 95% elution and 82.4% overall recovery of penicillinase. the structure of both the side chain and penicilloic or cephalosporoic acid moieties contribute to the affinity interactions.	1996	9676043
[a comparative study of ethylene oxide and ionizing radiation for sterilizing bone grafts].	to find a good way for sterilization and disinfection of bone grafts, we compared the sterilization capacity of gaseous ethylene oxide (eo) and cobalt-60 gamma radiation. the bone chips were contaminated with 10(7) bacteria per milliliter of staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, bacillus subtilis globigii 8017 and bacillus cereus 4001, then sterilized with various doses of gaseous eo or cobalt- 60 gamma radiation. the sterilization effect of eo was more stronger and faster than that of 60co gamma ra ...	1996	9594188