Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| immune response to outer membrane antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media. | the systemic and local antibody responses to homologous strains of moraxella catarrhalis were investigated in 14 children with otitis media. a total of 8 children (57%) demonstrated a rise in serum antibody of the immunoglobulin g (igg) (5 of 14), igm (5 of 14), or iga (6 of 14) classes of immunoglobulin to outer membrane antigens. local antibody consisted of igg (100%), igm (29%), and iga (71%). the igg and iga specific antibody present in middle-ear effusions appeared to represent local produc ... | 1992 | 1500191 |
| the new macrolides: expanding the ways in antibiotic treatment. | after almost forty years of its introduction, erythromycin will not be the exclusive member of the macrolide group of antibiotic agents, but a new generation of its derivatives which surpass it in pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy will also be available. clarithromycin, a 14-membered derivative, has shown acid stability, longer half-life, lower protein binding and higher lung tissue penetration. its exceedingly high activity against erythromycin-susceptible gram-positive cocci, my ... | 1992 | 1503585 |
| bacterial arthritis. | the 1991 literature on septic arthritis included a concise review of adult septic arthritis, examples of pseudoseptic arthritis, and two interesting animal studies. one animal study examined the induction of acute synovitis by the intra-articular injection of bacterial endotoxin and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta; and the other studied the effects of early and delayed synovectomy in the management of septic arthritis. the predispositions to septic arthritis can ... | 1992 | 1503874 |
| in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent. | the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-61827) was compared with that of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 684 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. against members of the enterobacteriaceae, ciprofloxacin was slightly more active than tosufloxacin, which was more active than temafloxacin. the mic90 of tosufloxacin for all species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acineto ... | 1992 | 1506348 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with meropenem in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of meropenem]. | pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations in pediatrics were made on meropenem (sm-7338, mepm), a new parenteral dehydropeptidase-1 stable carbapenem used without any inhibitors, at 33 medical institutions. the results are summarized as follows. 1. pharmacokinetic studies. mepm at a dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg was administered to 53 children by 30-minute drip infusion. peak plasma concentrations (cmax's) and plasma half-lives (t1/2's) of these doses were 28.5, 47.2 and 130.0 micrograms/ml, and 0. ... | 1992 | 1507401 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological and clinical studies have been performed on meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a newly developed carbapenem antibiotic, in the pediatric field. 1. antibacterial activities of mepm against 24 clinical isolates were determined. mepm showed excellent activity against gram-positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria, especially escherichia coli and branhamella catarrhalis. against haemophilus influenzae, mepm had a higher activity than imipenem and flomoxef, ... | 1992 | 1507406 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) in children. the results are summarized as follow: 1. twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with papm/bp. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. treatments were continued for 5-22 days. clinical efficacies of papm/bp in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 ... | 1992 | 1512926 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. | we carried out bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp), a newly-developed carbapenem antibiotic, in pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. when antibacterial activities of panipenem (papm) were determined, it was found that mics against such gram-positive cocci as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae and against such gram-negative rods as escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and branhamella catarrhalis wer ... | 1992 | 1512929 |
| ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. | data collected from 1980 to 1989 by investigators at the pittsburgh otitis media research center were examined to detect changes over time in the prevalence of bacteria isolated from middle ear effusions in patients with otitis media. the organisms isolated most commonly from the 7396 effusions cultured at the center were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. s. pneumoniae predominated in the subgroup of patients with acute otitis media, whereas h. influenzae was isolated most fre ... | 1992 | 1513611 |
| characterization of bacteriocins from two strains of bacillus thermoleovorans, a thermophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing species. | bacillus thermoleovorans s-ii and b. thermoleovorans nr-9 produce bacteriocins, and these bacteriocins are designated thermoleovorin-s2 and thermoleovorin-n9, respectively. the bacteriocins are effective against all but the producing strain of b. thermoleovorans, as well as being effective against salmonella typhimurium, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus faecalis, and thermus aquaticus. thermoleovorins are produced during log-phase growth and are inhibitory to actively growing cells. the ba ... | 1992 | 1514786 |
| the macrophage response to bacteria. modulation of macrophage functional activity by peptidoglycan from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis organisms have been shown to be particularly efficient in inducing in a pure population of bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes secretory and cellular activities. in the present study, the ability of peptidoglycan from this gram-negative organism to trigger a macrophage response was compared with that elicited by peptidoglycan from staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. the results show that the three peptidoglycans were similarly active in trigger ... | 1992 | 1516255 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefetamet against fresh clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis]. | against strains of branhamella catarrhalis which were separated from various rtis (respiratory tract infections) in 1991 antimicrobial activities (mics) of cefetamet (cfmt) were determined, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. the mic80 of cfmt against b. catarrhalis was 0.39 microgram/ml, which was higher than that of cefixime (cfix) by one dilution or twofold, but was lower than that of cefpodoxime (cpdx) by two dilutions or fourfold and that of cefotiam (ctm) by three dilutions or ... | 1992 | 1518118 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in the pediatric field]. | panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a mixture of panipenem (papm), carbapenem antibiotic, and betamipron (bp), n-benzoyl-beta-alanine. the adverse reaction to papm of the kidney is reduced by the addition of bp to papm which inhibits the anion transport in the kidney tubules. we studied the pharmacokinetics and the clinical efficacies of papm/bp in children and we evaluated the antibacterial activities of papm by determining mic values of papm in vitro against organisms isolated in our children's ... | 1992 | 1518128 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem (mepm) were performed in children. the results are summarized as follows: 1. a total of 16 patients was treated with mepm. each dose was 20 mg/kg, and administration was made 3 times daily using 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-28 days. clinical efficacies of mepm in 16 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with suspected subdural abscess, 2 with suspected sepsis, 4 with pneumonia, 1 with acut ... | 1992 | 1522674 |
| cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of pneumonia. | the use of cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) in the treatment of pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms was investigated in a multi-center trial conducted in the united kingdom and the united states. a total of 266 patients were enrolled in this double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel study; 132 patients were treated with cefaclor af and 134 patients received the reference drug cefaclor. inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, with a posi ... | 1992 | 1525791 |
| clinical and bacteriological experience with cefodizime in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | 1 or 2 g doses of cefodizime i.m. were studied in 287 patients admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mostly associated with haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae or moraxella catarrhalis. pharmacokinetic studies in serum and sputum on the first treatment day yielded mean peak serum concentrations of 50 to 100 mg/l, with corresponding sputum concentrations of 1.4 and 2.7 mg/l, after the two respective doses. no great differences were found betwee ... | 1992 | 1526671 |
| in vitro activity of cefodizime. | cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ... | 1992 | 1526673 |
| microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis in children. | to determine the bacteriologic cause of acute sinusitis, a sample of sinus secretions must be obtained from one of the paranasal sinuses without contamination by normal respiratory or oral flora that colonize mucosal surfaces. when maxillary sinus aspiration is performed on children who have signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis, bacteria are recovered in high density from 70%. in patients with acute, subacute, or chronic sinusitis who are generally well except for persistent respiratory symptom ... | 1992 | 1527336 |
| the microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the university of virginia and review of other selected studies. | pretreatment sinus puncture was performed on 339 patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis (acas) between 1975 and 1990. bacterial species recovered in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) from 383 sinus aspirates included streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 (41%); haemophilus influenzae, 79 (35%); anaerobes, 17 (7%); streptococcal species, 16 (7%); moraxella catarrhalis, 8 (4%); staphylococcus aureus, 7 (33%); and other, 8 (4%). viruses (rhinovir ... | 1992 | 1527337 |
| antimicrobial therapy of pediatric patients with sinusitis. | the mainstay of medical therapy for acute and subacute sinusitis is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based on an appreciation of the usual bacterial pathogens that include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. amoxicillin is appropriate therapy for patients with uncomplicated sinusitis in geographic areas in which the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing pathogens is less than 20%. if a patient does not respond to amoxicillin or in areas in which t ... | 1992 | 1527339 |
| pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis in an animal model. | the virulence mechanisms of moraxella catarrhalis that are involved in producing pulmonary infection are unknown. a well-characterized murine model was used to study the pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis and analyze the histopathologic changes and the role of phagocytic cells in the infected lungs. ten strains of m. catarrhalis from various isolation sites were evaluated for their ability to resist pulmonary clearance. the rates of clearance of these strains, based on the percentage of the o ... | 1992 | 1532405 |
| [detection of gonococcal antigens by staphylococcus protein a (spa) coagglutination assay]. | gonococcal coagglutination assay reagent was produced on the basis of a spa absorbent of specific antibody against neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains. using this reagent, the assay could detect a minimum bacterial concentration of 10(6) cfu/ml. no crossreactivity was found with bacteria such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and neisseria meningitidis. fifty-five neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from pat ... | 1992 | 1535561 |
| regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in neisseria and branhamella species. | the regulatory characteristics of aspartate carbamoyltransferase (actase ec 2.1.3.2) from various species of neisseria and branhamella have been compared. great differences in the regulatory nature of the enzymes were observed. atp and gtp were positive effectors in neisseria meningitidis, n. gonorrhoeae and nine other coccal "true neisseriae" species. in four "false neisseriae" species, including branhamella catarrhalis, no stimulating effect of atp or gtp was observed. the rod-shaped n. elonga ... | 1992 | 1536720 |
| comparative activity of meropenem (sm-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates. | meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. for nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower mic90 values compared to imipenem against ... | 1992 | 1563388 |
| bacteremia and septic arthritis caused by moraxella catarrhalis. | 1992 | 1571459 | |
| abundant attachment of bacteria to nasopharyngeal epithelium in otitis-prone children. | attachment of bacteria to nonciliated cells of the nasopharyngeal epithelium was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay in 25 otitis-prone and 25 non-otitis-prone children undergoing ear, nose, or throat surgery under general anesthesia. the bacterial findings were analyzed simultaneously, both qualitatively and quantitatively. in otitis-prone children, there was a significant preponderance of epithelial cells having greater than 50 attached bacteria (p less than .001) and of epithelial cells wit ... | 1992 | 1583337 |
| production of betalactamase by respiratory tract bacteria in children: relationship to antibiotic use. | sales of antibiotics have increased in sweden during the past decade. this has been paralleled by an increase in the frequency of beta-lactamase-producing respiratory tract bacteria. to investigate the effects of regional differences in use of antibiotics on beta-lactamase production in respiratory tract bacteria, we collected nasopharyngeal specimens and information about antibiotic use from 1133 children attending day-care centres in four rural municipalities with low use, and one urban munici ... | 1992 | 1589657 |
| in vitro evaluation of ro 09-1227, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | ro 09-1227 is a novel 7-position catechol-substituted parenteral cephalosporin that also has a 3-position radical similar to previously described cephems. the ro 09-1227 spectrum was slightly wider than that of ceftazidime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested, principally because of greater activity against species producing richmond-sykes type i beta-lactamases. ro 09-1227 was also more active than ceftazidime against some strains producing extended-spectrum plasmid-encoded b ... | 1992 | 1590695 |
| permeability of the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis for beta-lactam antibiotics. | the susceptibility of ten clinical isolates and a standard reference strain, atcc25238, of moraxella catarrhalis to 22 beta-lactam antibiotics was examined and compared with that of escherichia coli strain b. all the strains of m. catarrhalis tested, especially the non beta-lactamase-producing strain atcc25238, were more susceptible to a rang of structurally unrelated beta-lactam antibiotics, including small mr carbapenems, than e. coli b. the permeability of the m. catarrhalis outer membrane to ... | 1992 | 1592697 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. | the efficacy and safety of loracarbef, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. a double-blind format was utilized to administer 10-day, randomized, parallel treatment regimens to patients who were between 6 months and 12 years of age. the most prevalent causative pathogens found in the two treatment groups were streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhame ... | 1992 | 1593361 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia in adults: two cases and review of the literature. | moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis is a gram-negative coccus now recognized as one of the common pathogens in respiratory infections. documented cases of bacteremic pneumonia due to this organism, however, have been a rarity. two cases of moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia in immunosuppressed adult patients are reported. the clinical characteristics of these patients together with those of the seven adult and the six pediatric patients reported to date in the literature, are an ... | 1992 | 1597200 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute purulent bacterial bronchitis. | in this single-blind study, 488 patients with acute bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate three times daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 98 patients treated with loracarbef and in 99 treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both study drugs were found. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarr ... | 1992 | 1611641 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in this single-blind study, 579 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate thrice daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 129 of the loracarbef-treated patients and 120 amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated patients in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both antibiotics were isolated. three organisms predominated in either pure or mixed cultures in 57.0% of t ... | 1992 | 1611645 |
| further antigenic similarities of neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides and human glycosphingolipids. | anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies were tested for their ability to bind to various strains of neisseria. a monoclonal antibody that binds to the ganglio-series glycosphingolipid, ganglio-n-triaosylceramide, also bound to strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae but not to other species of neisseria. an antibody specific for the globo-series glycosphingolipid, globotriaosylceramide, also bound to strains of n. gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria lactamica, and branhamella catarrhalis but ... | 1992 | 1612771 |
| [a study on in vitro antibacterial activity and clinical usefulness in respiratory tract infections of panipenem/betamipron, a newly synthesized carbapenem antibiotic]. | panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a combination drug of papm, a new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic and bp, an amino acid derivative at a weight ratio of 1:1. its in vitro antibacterial activities against clinically isolated respiratory pathogenic bacteria were determined. it was superior to imipenem (ipm) in the in vitro antibacterial activities against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus including mrsa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serr ... | 1992 | 1613967 |
| review of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin. | cefprozil is a newer oral cephalosporin with a spectrum of activity against organisms that include gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. a review of published data shows that cefprozil is active (susceptibility, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml; moderate susceptibility, 16 micrograms/ml; resistance, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) against gram-positive species such as streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, and listeria monocytogenes; it may have marginal activi ... | 1992 | 1617037 |
| comparison of cefprozil with other antibiotic regimens in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | in two randomized clinical trials in children with otitis media, the efficacy and safety of cefprozil are compared to those of amoxicillin/clavulanate (n = 530) and of cefaclor and cefixime (n = 394). the rate of clinical cure or improvement was similar among patients receiving each drug regimen, ranging from 78% for amoxicillin/clavulanate to 89% for cefaclor; for cefprozil, this rate was 84% and 85% in the two studies, respectively. in the first study, cefprozil was superior to amoxicillin/cla ... | 1992 | 1617039 |
| criteria for evaluation of antimicrobial agents and current therapies for acute sinusitis in children. | acute sinusitis is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infections in children. the primary causative bacteria are haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. concurrent viral infection may confound interpretation of the clinical response to antimicrobial treatment. first-line antimicrobial treatment is usually with amoxicillin. the increase in frequency of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in some ... | 1992 | 1617040 |
| in vitro activity of roxithromycin against moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of roxithromycin was compared with that of the other antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and cotrimoxazole) against 188 distinct clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. of these, 106 strains (66%) produced beta-lactamase. the mic90 of roxithromycin was 0.25 micrograms/ml compared with values of 0.5, 1, greater than 8, greater than 8:0.4 micrograms/ml for erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. th ... | 1992 | 1617926 |
| a randomized double-blind controlled trial of roxithromycin and cefaclor in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections in general practice. | a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, single-dummy placebo-controlled study is being undertaken by the research unit of the royal new zealand college of general practitioners to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 150 mg twice daily roxithromycin with 250 mg three times daily cefaclor in the treatment of 250 general practice patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). interim analysis of 200 patients reveals no statistically significant differences in the study parameter ... | 1992 | 1617932 |
| antibacterial activity of cefixime against streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | we measured the sizes of the inhibition zones of oral beta-lactam antibiotics for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of beta-lactamase-producing-moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis by the agar double-layer method. the sizes of the zones of amoxicillin for s. pneumoniae alone were the largest, followed in a descending order by those of cefixime and cefaclor. in the presence of 10(7) cfu/ml of m.(b.) catarrhalis, however, significant reducti ... | 1992 | 1618001 |
| in vitro activity of a new broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime, in comparison with other drugs, against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. | cefixime, a new orally absorbed iminomethoxyaminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was tested against some microorganisms involved in upper and lower respiratory tract infections such as haemophilus (influenzae and parainfluenzae), moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated in the period from november 1990 to april 1991. its activity was compared to nine other antimicrobial agents: erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, ceftazidime, c ... | 1992 | 1618002 |
| killing rate and growth rate comparison for newer beta-lactamase-stable oral beta-lactams against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | a new method of data presentation that takes into account the relationship between growth and killing rate was used to evaluate the comparative in vitro bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefixime and an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination against streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. for each strain, the viable count decrease (log cfu/ml) after 6 h of exposure to different antibiotic concentrations w ... | 1992 | 1618006 |
| acute bronchitis: results of u.s. and european trials of antibiotic therapy. | acute bronchitis, an illness frequently encountered by primary-care physicians, is an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree that results from a respiratory tract infection. it is characterized by persistent cough and sputum production and is occasionally accompanied by fever and/or chest pain. acute bronchitis may have a viral or bacterial origin and is often treated with antibiotics. four clinical trials were conducted to compare high and low doses of loracarbef, a new oral beta-lactam anti ... | 1992 | 1621745 |
| in vitro activity of loracarbef and effects of susceptibility test methods. | loracarbef is a new oral antimicrobial of the carbacephem class with in vitro activity against the common pathogens associated with skin infections, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infections, and urinary tract infections. a review of the literature shows the following ranges for 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) values (microgram/ml) against the organisms that commonly cause these illnesses: streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.25-2.0; moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis (beta-lacta ... | 1992 | 1621748 |
| bactericidal titers of loracarbef (ly 163892) in serum and killing rates in volunteers receiving 400 versus 200 milligrams. | in a randomized crossover trial, six volunteers received 200- and 400-mg doses of loracarbef (ly 163892), a new oral cephalosporin. mean +/- standard error of the mean concentrations in serum obtained after 1.5 and 3 h were 13.2 +/- 2.8 and 4.3 +/- 0.7 mg/liter, respectively, after the 400-mg dose and 6.9 +/- 1.0 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/liter, respectively, after the 200-mg dose. bactericidal reciprocal titers measured against respiratory pathogens in serum suggested that loracarbef would be highly e ... | 1992 | 1622160 |
| rapid method for differentiating strains of branhamella catarrhalis. | the ability of branhamella catarrhalis to cause nosocomial infections is a matter of some controversy. the api zym research kit for detecting 89 enzymes was used on 49 isolates of b catarrhalis to select enzymes of potential use in differentiating clinical isolates. twenty nine enzymes were produced by all isolates (13 strongly positive) and many of these were esterases; 16 enzymes were not detected in any isolate (40 if a more stringent criterion was used). twenty enzymes were selected to form ... | 1992 | 1624604 |
| characterisation of hospital isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis by sds-page of whole-cell proteins, immunoblotting and restriction-endonuclease analysis. | sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins (wcp), immunoblot analysis and dna restriction-endonuclease analysis (rea) were applied as potential typing methods to 31 clinically significant strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, five of which came from a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection in a respiratory-diseases ward. twelve of 31 isolates were placed in four groups, each of which contained strains indistinguishable by the three ... | 1992 | 1625319 |
| branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections. | branhamella catarrhalis is an aerobic gram-negative diplococcus. it has been traditionally regarded as an oropharyngeal commensal and until recently was only identified as a pathogen in cases of bronchopulmonary infections. the aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the respiratory infections caused by b. catarrhalis and to know the antibiotic susceptibility of this microorganism. we retrospectively studied 32 lower respiratory tract infections, caused by b. catarrhalis (20 case ... | 1992 | 1628725 |
| [clinical study of respiratory infection due to branhamella catarrhalis using transtracheal aspiration]. | we clinically investigated 40 cases of respiratory infection due to b. catarrhalis by transtracheal aspiration (tta). the cases consisted of acute bronchitis (13 cases), pneumonia (14 cases), and chronic lower respiratory tract infection (13 cases). the infection was monomicrobial in 17 cases and polymicrobial in 23 cases with respect to the organisms isolated from tta. the principal organisms isolated in combination with b. catarrhalis in cases of polymicrobial infection were s. pneumoniae and ... | 1992 | 1630054 |
| amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy of respiratory tract infections: a microbiologic perspective. | the development of beta-lactamase-producing strains of the common respiratory tract pathogens hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis has caused increasing resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin and amoxicillin, that are traditionally used to treat respiratory tract infections. because antimicrobial therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empiric, an understanding of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and its implications for anti ... | 1992 | 1638583 |
| [isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in a case of postoperative mediastinitis]. | 1992 | 1643138 | |
| effect of prior antibiotic treatment on middle ear disease in children. | the effect of prior antibiotic treatment on the course of otitis media was assessed in a group of 62 children who experienced 83 episodes of ear infection during 3 years of observation. bacterial quantitation in middle ear fluids demonstrated a significantly higher colony count in symptomatic children (3.9 x 10(4) +/- 12 bacteria per milliliter) compared to asymptomatic children (6.3 x 10(3) +/- 10 bacteria per milliliter; p = .05). bacterial counts similarly tended to be higher in children with ... | 1992 | 1728891 |
| sinusitis in infants and children. | the major clinical problem in considering a diagnosis of sinusitis is differentiating uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection from a secondary bacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses that may benefit from antimicrobial therapy. a diagnosis of sinusitis is suggested by presentation with protracted upper respiratory tract symptoms or a cold that is more severe than usual with fever and purulent nasal discharge. confirmatory tests of sinus disease are transillumination (useful in adole ... | 1992 | 1728898 |
| pneumonia. patient profiles, choice of empiric therapy, and the place of third-generation cephalosporins. | choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients with pneumonia requires knowledge of the etiologic agents seen in specific kinds of patients at specific times and places. for community-acquired pneumonia, there is an important difference in the agents seen in the normal and the compromised host. the normal host most often presents with viral, mycoplasmal, or pneumococcal pneumonia. the exact place of chlamydia pneumoniae is still under study. a normal host who aspirates is at risk of ana ... | 1992 | 1730186 |
| treatment of exacerbations of copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) affects approximately 14 million americans. treatment of copd includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics. the most common bacterial isolates during exacerbations of copd are haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 1992 | 1739053 |
| in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ... | 1991 | 1748124 |
| in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins. | cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ... | 1991 | 1748125 |
| fluoroquinolones in respiratory infections. | the fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against a number of respiratory pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. several studies have shown ciprofloxacin to be effective in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, some community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. the fluoroquinolones have less activity against ... | 1991 | 1754733 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in infants and children. | the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in 28 infants and children, ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years (mean, 23 months), were studied. mean maximum serum cefuroxime concentrations of 3.3, 5.1, and 7.0 micrograms/ml were achieved 3.6, 2.7, and 3.1 h after the administration of doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg, respectively, of cefuroxime axetil suspension per kg of body weight together with milk or milk formula. these concentrations exceed the mics for common respiratory tract patho ... | 1991 | 1759825 |
| tgf-beta 1 induces germ-line transcripts of both iga subclasses in human b lymphocytes. | immunoglobulin (ig) class switching appears to be preceded by induction of germ-line transcripts. in this report, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) induces germ-line transcripts of both the iga subclasses (iga1 and iga2) in branhamella catarrhalis (bc)-activated human spleen b cells. two germ-line bands, one of approximately 1.85 kb and the other of approximately 1.6 kb, could be seen in cultures treated with tgf-beta. the approximately 1.85 kb band contains mrna for ... | 1991 | 1760405 |
| structure of tgf-beta 1-induced human immunoglobulin c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germ-line transcripts. | we have characterized the structure of the human immunoglobulin c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germ-line transcripts that are synthesized upon treatment of human b lymphocytes with branhamella catarrhalis (a b cell mitogen) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1). these transcripts initiate upstream of the switch alpha 1 and switch alpha 2 regions and contain, together with the c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 sequences, additional exons designated according to the generally accepted nomenclature i a ... | 1991 | 1760406 |
| ceftibuten versus cefaclor for the treatment of bronchitis. | ceftibuten is an oral third generation cephalosporin with potent antimicrobial activity against enterobacteriaceae, beta-lactamase positive haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrheae, penicillin-susceptible pneumococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. to study the efficacy and safety of ceftibuten for treatment of bronchitis, 58 patients were randomized to therapy with either ceftibuten 400 mg once a day or cefaclor 250 mg every 8 h at a ratio of ... | 1991 | 1761452 |
| treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: state of the art. | effective treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abe) reduces the number of such exacerbations in such patients and may decrease or eliminate background symptoms and improve pulmonary function. the pathologic and physiologic abnormalities of the bronchial system in chronic bronchitis that predispose to bacterial infection probably include impaired mucociliary clearance, obstructed bronchioles, and bacterial infections of the bronchial epithelium. exacerbations of bronc ... | 1991 | 1767808 |
| cefixime shows good effects on group a and group b beta-haemolytic streptococci. | there is continued interest in the development of oral beta-lactam compounds, which can be used clinically to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci. cefixime is a new orally active cephalosporin, with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. cefixime is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. ... | 1991 | 1769318 |
| antimicrobial treatment of sinusitis. | sinusitis is a common disease. most cases of acute sinusitis involve the maxillary sinus and occur after viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. the usual pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is also an important pathogen in children. anaerobic infections are more common in chronic sinusitis. fungi are frequently observed in granulocytopenic cancer patients but also can occur in apparently normal hosts. many strains of h ... | 1991 | 1771306 |
| antimicrobial treatment of otitis media. | the major pathogens causing acute otitis media (aom) are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, with moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococcus aureus less frequently isolated. the same organisms and staphylococcus epidermidis are found in chronic otitis media with effusion. in chronic suppurative otitis media, pseudomonas aeruginosa and s aureus are most frequently found. antimicrobial agents found to be most effective in treating aom are amoxicillin, trimet ... | 1991 | 1771307 |
| branhamella catarrhalis colonization of exposed nylon sutures. | a 63-year-old man who had uncomplicated cataract surgery four years previously complained of having redness, blurred vision, and photophobia in his right eye for one week. examination revealed numerous exposed nylon sutures with peculiar leaf-like, white deposits surrounding them, associated with underlying conjunctival leukocytic infiltration. smears of the adherent material showed gram-negative diplococci and cultures produced heavy growth of branhamella catarrhalis. removal of the offending s ... | 1991 | 1774658 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482), an orally absorbed aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin, cefaclor and co-amoxiclav. cefdinir was highly active against staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting 90% of strains at 0.03 mg/l. the respiratory pathogens haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis were also susceptible (mic90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l). the common members of the enterobacteriaceae were susceptible ... | 1991 | 1778855 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in the uk from sputa. | four hundred and thirty-one streptococcus pneumoniae, 1272 haemophilus influenzae and 305 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were isolated from sputa and identified in 28 uk laboratories during a ten week period in 1990. disc diffusion susceptibility testing was performed in each centre using identical methods. species-specific susceptibility breakpoints applied to data for six antimicrobial agents were determined from the distribution of isolates according to zone diameters of inhibition measu ... | 1991 | 1778856 |
| recognition of a new branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase--bro-3. | 1991 | 1778881 | |
| antibacterial activity of ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin. | ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin, was found to be the most active beta-lactam drug tested against members of the enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most strains at less than 4 micrograms/ml. all isolates of branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria spp. were highly susceptible to ceftibuten. penicillin-sensitive pneumococci and pathogenic beta-hemolitic streptococci were also killed by ceftibuten. the antibacterial activity of this new drug, which results in ... | 1991 | 1779255 |
| cefaclor in the treatment of infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in cigarette smokers. | there is a direct correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection in humans. in studies with smokers suffering from exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the most common bacterial pathogens found were haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and branhamella catarrhalis. antibiotics should be effective against such possible pathogens. cefaclor has demonstrated in vitro activity against all these pathogens. we des ... | 1991 | 1779259 |
| ampicillin/sulbactam in lower respiratory tract infections: a review. | the pathophysiology and microbiology of lower respiratory tract infections are outlined and diagnostic and therapeutic problems considered. the use of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of these infections is evaluated. the two drugs have similar pharmacokinetic characteristics; predictable and dose-dependent peak serum concentrations of both agents are achieved after parenteral administration. more than 90% of strains of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, k ... | 1991 | 1790546 |
| [perspective: new pathogens: branhamella catarrhalis, capnocytophaga turleri, corynebacterium group jk]. | branhamella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of upper and lower respiratory tract. according to findings in literature, it mostly causes bronchopulmonary infections. capnocytophaga is a newly recognized genus of the gram negative bacilli. in various reports, it has been recognized that capnocytophaga mostly causes sepsis. bacteria of corynebacterium group jk (cjk) cause many important local infections and sepsis. | 1991 | 1795663 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ... | 1991 | 1797456 |
| in vitro activity evaluations of cefdinir (fk482, ci-983, and pd134393). a novel orally administered cephalosporin. | cefdinir, a so-called third-generation oral cephalosporin was tested in vitro against over 700 pathogens from patients with bacteremia. cefdinir was very active against the enterobacteriaceae with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) value range of less than or equal to 0.03-8 micrograms/ml. the enteric species having the highest mic90s (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) were citrobacter freundii, and the enterobacters, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marce ... | 1991 | 1797457 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| beta-lactamase production in branhamella catarrhalis isolated from lower respiratory tract secretions in danish children: an increasing problem. | findings in specimens from the lower respiratory tract of children were reviewed retrospectively in order to assess the rate of branhamella catarrhalis and beta-lactamase production. b. catarrhalis was isolated in 139 of 756 samples (18.4%) in 1986 and 211 of 723 samples (29.2%) in 1989. beta-lactamase production was found in 55.6% of b. catarrhalis strains in 1986 and 80.1% in 1989 (p less than 0.001). prevalence of beta-lactamase in b. catarrhalis has now reached the same level in europe as in ... | 1991 | 1800371 |
| antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, bay 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil. | the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). in addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (proteus vulgaris, providencia spp., yersinia enterocolitica). besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate rele ... | 1991 | 1800377 |
| cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ... | 1991 | 1800379 |
| branhamella catarrhalis and respiratory tract infections. | branhamella catarrhalis, a gram negative diplococci, is gaining increasing recognition as a respiratory pathogen. in this study 40 sputum samples were collected from patients with acute or chronic lower respiratory tract infections and 15 samples from healthy controls. each sample was examined for the isolation and identification of b. catarrhalis and other respiratory pathogens. from the control group 3 strains of b. catarrhalis were encountered: two of these were of low number in the collected ... | 1991 | 1800627 |
| in vitro activity of ru29246. the metabolite of a new hr916 cephalosporin ester. | compound ru29246 (ru) is the active metabolite of an orally absorpted cephalosporin ester hr916. the ru spectrum of activity includes the majority of enterobacteriaceae species, haemophilus influenzae, pathogenic neisseria spp., moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter antiratus, staphylococci, and streptococcus spp. pseudomonas species and enterococci were routinely resistant to ru. the ru spectrum was most similar to cefixime against the gram-negative bacilli and to cefuroxime against the gram-pos ... | 1991 | 1802534 |
| tetracycline resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: demonstration of two clonal outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | two tetracycline-resistant (tcr) moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains from england were compared with two previously characterized tcr texas strains. both pairs carried the tet b determinant, which was nontransferable. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of their genomic dna restriction fragments demonstrated that the strains from the same area were identical (clonal); however, the texas and english strains differed from each other. | 1991 | 1804026 |
| [neonatal conjunctivitis caused by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis]. | 1991 | 1805961 | |
| antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against branhamella catarrhalis. | the antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against branhamella catarrhalis was studied. all of the 65 clinical isolates tested were inhibited at and below 1.56 micrograms/ml, both at 10(7) and at 10(5) cfus. the following was further studied on b. catarrhalis n-5 which showed average susceptibility to each drug examined. bactericidal activity was observed at and above the mic. scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes, such as cellular swelling, bleb formation, ... | 1991 | 1808460 |
| [branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis--a clinically relevant pathogen of bronchopulmonary diseases?]. | branhamella catarrhalis, previously named neisseria catarrhalis was known as a saprophytic inhabitant of the human respiratory tract. the importance as a facultative pathogen has increased during the last years. this study demonstrates the presence of b. catarrhalis in sputa and bronchial secretions of adults as well as children with bronchopulmonary diseases in a part of berlin. from march 1989 to july 1990 in routine examinations in the bacteriological laboratory of a lung hospital 46 isolates ... | 1991 | 1808857 |
| comparative study of clarithromycin and roxithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | the efficacy and tolerance of clarithromycin (250 mg twice daily) were compared with those of roxithromycin (150 mg twice daily) in an open, multicentre trial of 77 inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. sixty-five patients were clinically evaluable (34, clarithromycin; 31 roxithromycin). efficacy was comparable between treatment groups: 26 of 34 patients (76%) treated with clarithromycin were clinically cured, including four with atypical pneumonia. in the roxithromycin group 25 of 31 pa ... | 1991 | 1827096 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. | we conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (cpr) in children. 1. a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of cpr was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. a single intravenous injectio ... | 1991 | 1828275 |
| the in-vitro and disc susceptibility testing of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy metabolite. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of clarithromycin, its 14-hydroxy metabolite and a combination containing clarithromycin and the 14-hydroxy metabolite in a ratio of three parts of the former to one part of the latter were compared with erythromycin by determination of mics. disc susceptibility testing was also performed using discs containing 6 micrograms clarithromycin, 6 micrograms clarithromycin with 2 micrograms 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, 3 micrograms clarithromycin and 3 micrograms clar ... | 1991 | 1829073 |
| in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ... | 1991 | 1854174 |
| comparative evaluation of loracarbef and amoxicillin-clavulanate for acute otitis media. | one hundred five infants and children with acute otitis media were randomized to therapy with loracarbef, an experimental carbacephem antibiotic, or amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin), an approved drug for this disease. ninety-two were evaluable (46 in each group). middle ear fluid samples obtained for culture before therapy grew haemophilus spp. in 30% of cases, pneumococci in 29% of cases, and moraxella catarrhalis in 15% of cases. beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were found in 37% of patien ... | 1991 | 1854178 |
| pharmacotherapy of otitis media. | the clinical manifestations of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are the result of abnormal eustachian tube function most often caused by inflammation from infection or allergy. the majority of cases involve bacterial infection of the middle ear caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or branhamella catarrhalis. nearly half of all children will have had at least one episode of acute otitis media by 1 year of age, and over 70% by 3 years of age. the signs and s ... | 1991 | 1862012 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin for the treatment of severe infections. | intravenous ciprofloxacin at a daily dosage of 400 mg divided in two doses was administered to 19 patients with severe infections caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible bacteria. these infections included: 11 surgical would infections, 5 soft tissue infections, 2 respiratory tract infections, 1 urinary tract infection. the offending pathogens were: 8 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 3 staphylococcus aureus, 3 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 proteus spp., 1 escherichia coli, 1 branhamella catarrhalis, 1 ... | 1991 | 1875231 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. | bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (cdzm, thr-221), a new cephem developed by hoechst ag and roussel uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. against gram-positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of cdzm were similar to those of cefotaxime (ctx), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia sp., antibacterial activities of cd ... | 1991 | 1880919 |
| clinical evaluation of ticarcillin, with clavulanic acid, and gentamicin in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. | to assess the clinical efficacy of ticarcillin, with clavulanic acid, and gentamicin, we conducted a prospective one year study of febrile episodes in neutropenic children. seventy-five episodes were evaluated in 42 children. the response rate was 32% during persistent neutropenia, whilst another third of episodes responded with neutrophil recovery. positive blood cultures occurred in 21 episodes and 20 of 24 micro-organisms belonged to the 'community' flora, i.e. organisms carried by healthy pe ... | 1991 | 1885425 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1988)]. | isolated bacteria from respiratory infectious diseases were collected in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, since 1981, and ikemoto et al. have been examining sensitivities of the isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, relationships between the isolates and the backgrounds of the patients and so forth each year. we report here the research results for the year 1988. in 18 institutions around the entire japan from october 1988 to september 1989, 554 strains ... | 1991 | 1886202 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of the fluoroquinolones pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391. | three new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl quinolones--pd 117596, pd 124816, and pd 127391--were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against 349 bacterial strains, which are primarily clinical isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) in micrograms/ml required for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.03-0.06 for staphylococci (26 strains); 0.06-0.25 for streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis (80); less than or eq ... | 1991 | 1889177 |
| antimicrobial activity of e-1040, a novel thiadiazolyl cephalosporin compared with other parenteral cephems. | e-1040, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was tested against greater than 600 bacteremic pathogens and compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefpirome. e-1040 activity against staphylococcus aureus was comparable (mic90, 8 micrograms/ml) to ceftazidime, but inferior to cefotaxime (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml) and cefpirome (mic90, 0.5 microgram/ml). beta-hemolytic streptococci and most gram-positive anaerobes were also susceptible to e-1040. some strains of coagulase-negative sta ... | 1991 | 1889181 |
| antibacterial activity of rokitamycin compared with that of other macrolides. | the activity of rokitamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, was compared with other macrolides and agents used to treat respiratory infections. rokitamycin had in vitro activity against streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae comparable to the other macrolides, inhibiting most organisms at less than 0.03 to 0.5 microgram/ml. it was the most active macrolide agent against staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting 90% at 1 microgram/ml. macrolide-resistant streptococci and staphylococci in which resistance wa ... | 1991 | 1889182 |