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oral sars-cov-2 inoculation establishes subclinical respiratory infection with virus shedding in golden syrian hamsters.severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is transmitted largely by respiratory droplets or airborne aerosols. despite being frequently found in the immediate environment and feces of patients, evidence supporting the oral acquisition of sars-cov-2 is unavailable. using the syrian hamster model, we demonstrate that the severity of pneumonia induced by the intranasal inhalation of sars-cov-2 increases with virus inoculum. sars-cov-2 retains its infectivity in vitro in simulated ...202032984855
disruption of adaptive immunity enhances disease in sars-cov-2-infected syrian hamsters.animal models recapitulating human covid-19 disease, especially severe disease, are urgently needed to understand pathogenesis and to evaluate candidate vaccines and therapeutics. here, we develop novel severe-disease animal models for covid-19 involving disruption of adaptive immunity in syrian hamsters. cyclophosphamide (cyp) immunosuppressed or rag2 knockout (ko) hamsters were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) by the respiratory route. both the cyp-treate ...202032900822
sars-cov-2 infects and damages the mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of hamsters.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is primarily an acute respiratory tract infection. distinctively, a substantial proportion of covid-19 patients develop olfactory dysfunction of uncertain underlying mechanism which can be severe and prolonged. the roles of inflammatory obstruction of the olfactory clefts leading to conductive impairment, inflammatory cytokines affecting olfactory neuronal function, destruction of olfactory neurons or their supporting cells, and direct invasion of olfactory bu ...202032667973
syrian hamsters as a small animal model for sars-cov-2 infection and countermeasure development.at the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; sars-cov-2) was detected in wuhan, china, that spread rapidly around the world, with severe consequences for human health and the global economy. here, we assessed the replicative ability and pathogenesis of sars-cov-2 isolates in syrian hamsters. sars-cov-2 isolates replicated efficiently in the lungs of hamsters, causing severe pathological lung lesions following intranasal infection. in addition, microco ...202032571934
isolation of potent sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model.countermeasures to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are a global health priority. we enrolled a cohort of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-recovered participants, developed neutralization assays to investigate antibody responses, adapted our high-throughput antibody generation pipeline to rapidly screen more than 1800 antibodies, and established an animal model to test protection. we isolated potent neutralizing antibodies (nabs) to two epitopes o ...202032540903
surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden syrian hamster model for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is believed to be mostly transmitted by medium-to-large sized respiratory droplets although airborne transmission is theoretically possible in healthcare settings involving aerosol-generating procedures. exposure to respiratory droplets can theoretically be reduced by surgical mask usage. however, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting surgical mask usage for prevention of covi ...202032472679
north american big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) harbor an exogenous deltaretrovirus.bats are the reservoir for a large number of zoonotic viruses, including members of coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [sars-cov] and sars-cov-2), paramyxoviridae (hendra and nipah viruses), rhabdoviridae (rabies virus), and filoviridae (ebola virus) as exemplars. many retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, are similarly zoonotic; however, only infectious exogenous gammaretroviruses have recently been identified in bats. here, viral metagenomic sequencing o ...202032968009
coronavirus infections in companion animals: virology, epidemiology, clinical and pathologic features.coronaviruses are enveloped rna viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. the host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric ...202032933150
covid-19 from wellington new zealand.this paper examines the role of bioethics in the successful control of covid-19 in new zealand. after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus episode in toronto researchers developed a framework of values and principles to articulate values that were already commonly accepted "in the community of its intended users," to be used to inform decision-making. new zealand subsequently developed its own framework that was embedded in its pandemic influenza plan. these formed the basis ...202033169244
ace2 and ace: structure-based insights into mechanism, regulation and receptor recognition by sars-cov.angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) is well-known for its role in blood pressure regulation via the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (raas) but also functions in fertility, immunity, haematopoiesis and diseases such as obesity, fibrosis and alzheimer's dementia. like ace, the human homologue ace2 is also involved in blood pressure regulation and cleaves a range of substrates involved in different physiological processes. importantly, it is the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory ...202033146371
the value of the platelet count and platelet indices in differentiation of covid-19 and influenza pneumonia.it is difficult to distinguish coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) from other viral respiratory tract infections owing to the similarities in clinical and radiological findings. this study aims to determine the clinical importance of platelet count and platelet indices in the differentiation of covid-19 from influenza and the value of these parameters in the differential diagnosis of covid-19. the medical records of the patients and the electronic patient monitoring system were retrospectively a ...202033135801
dentistry and covid-19 pandemic: operative indications post-lockdown.a new coronavirus, the seventh member of the coronaviridae family, identified as sars-cov-2, spread in late december 2019 in the territory of wuhan in china. cov-2019 can be transmitted directly from person to person by respiratory drops, direct contact and contaminated material. furthermore, 2019-ncov penetrates cells similarly to the sars coronavirus, i.e., through the ace2 receptor. this may promote human-to-human transmission. patients and dental professionals are exposed daily to pathogenic ...202033135082
practice implications for acute ischemic stroke during the covid-19 pandemic for the indian scenario: realistic and achievable recommendations by the society of neurocritical care (sncc), india.covid-19 disease caused by the sars coronavirus has caused significant morbidity and mortality around the world ever since it was first declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (who) in march 2020. acute neurological manifestations of this disease have also started emerging and being recognized around the world and acute ischemic stroke (ais) or thrombotic stroke is becoming one of the major neurological illnesses related to covid-19. the management of ais is time-critical and maj ...202033132556
impact of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on acute cardiovascular emergencies in a third level cardiology hospital: a call for action.the consequences of the coronavirus disease (covid)-19 pandemic go beyond the number of cases and deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus-2 infection. the overwhelmed health care systems and the strict social containment measures have had an impact on the threshold at which patients seek medical care for diseases other than covid-19, including cardiovascular conditions.202033120401
experience repatriation of citizens from epicentre using commercial flights during covid-19 pandemic.during the covid-19 pandemic, many countries instituted closure of borders from international and local travels. stranded citizens appeal to their governments to embark on citizen repatriation missions. between february and april 2020, the government of malaysia directed repatriation of its citizens from china, iran, italy and indonesia. we describe the preparation and execution of the repatriation mission using chartered commercial aircraft. the mission objectives were to repatriate as many cit ...202033115412
covid-19 spread in saudi arabia: modeling, simulation and analysis.the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus-2 (cov-2) has resulted in an ongoing pandemic and has affected over 200 countries around the world. mathematical epidemic models can be used to predict the course of an epidemic and develop methods for controlling it. as social contact is a key factor in disease spreading, modeling epidemics on contact networks has been increasingly used. in this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of coronavirus disease 20 ...202033113936
an unusual inflammatory disease linked to sars coronavirus-2 in children: are we prepared enough? 202033107277
mitraclip insertion to hasten recovery from severe covid-19 disease.•coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 has affected 188 countries worldwide with a global death toll of over half a million•patients with valvular heart disease are also at an increased risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease-2019•prognosis of patients with the combination of covid 19 and severe valvular heart disease is poor•this is the first reported case of mitraclip insertion in a patient with severe covid 19 infection. ...202033103013
anesthesia for oral surgeries during the covid-19 pandemic.the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2(sars-cov2) virus replicates in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and the oropharynx. during oral surgery, the risk of viral transmission is high during instrumentation in these areas, while performing airway management procedures, the oral surgery itself, and related procedures. during the corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, patients with an oral pathology usually present for emergency procedures. however, patients with oral cancer, be ...202033100656
acute myelitis and sars-cov-2 infection. a new etiology of myelitis?the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19), sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), emerged in wuhan, china, and quickly spread worldwide leading the world health organization (who) to recognize it not only as a pandemic but also as an important thread to public health. beyond respiratory symptoms, new neurological manifestations are being identified such as headache, ageusia, anosmia, encephalitis or acute cerebrovascular disease. here we report the case of an acute transverse myelitis ...202033099361
deep mutagenesis in the study of covid-19: a technical overview for the proteomics community.the spike (s) of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) on a host cell to trigger viral-cell membrane fusion and infection. the extracellular region of ace2 can be administered as a soluble decoy to compete for binding sites on the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of s, but it has only moderate affinity and efficacy. the rbd, which is targeted by neutralizing antibodies, may also change and adapt through mutation as sars-cov-2 becomes endemic, posing challeng ...202033084449
associations between genetically predicted protein levels and covid-19 severity.it is critical to identify potential causal targets for sars-coronavirus 2, which may guide drug repurposing options. we assessed the associations between genetically predicted protein levels and covid-19 severity. leveraging data from the covid-19 host genetics initiative comparing 6,492 hospitalized covid-19 patients and 1,012,809 controls, we identified 18 proteins with genetically predicted levels to be associated with covid-19 severity at a false discovery rate of <0.05, including 12 that s ...202033083826
acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with covid-19.coronavirus (sars-coronavirus-2:sars-cov-2) pandemic is affecting almost every country in the world. even if the major symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) are respiratory, different symptoms at presentation are now recognized. venous thromboembolism has been reported in infected patients and few but increasing cases of arterial thrombosis have been described. we report a case of acute aorto-iliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe covid-19 infection. ...202033075454
anti-covid-19 terpenoid from marine sources: a docking, admet and molecular dynamics study.traditional medicines contain natural products (nps) as main ingredient which always give new direction and paths to develop new advanced medicines. in the covid-19 pandemic, nps can be used or can help to find new compound against it. the sars coronavirus-2 main protease (sars cov-2 mpro) enzyme, arbitrate viral replication and transcription, is target here. the study show that, from the electronic features and binding affinity of all the nps with the enzyme, the compounds with higher hydrophob ...202033071352
the use of copper to help prevent transmission of sars-coronavirus and influenza viruses. a general review.the sars-cov-2 is the causative agent of the covid-19 disease, a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov). its main transmission pathway is through large respiratory droplets, as well as direct and indirect contact. copper in different formats has been used in research and clinical settings to reduce the risk of bacterial and viral contamination. therefore, this review aims to search for evidence about the biocidal properties of copper over the coronaviridae family. a literature ...202033069048
is there a link between bisphenol a (bpa), a key endocrine disruptor, and the risk for sars-cov-2 infection and severe covid-19?infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent of a new disease (covid-19). the risk of severe covid-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. notably, exposure to hormonally active chemicals called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can promote such cardio-metabolic diseases, endocrine-related cancers, and immune system dysregulation a ...202033066495
discovery of ketone-based covalent inhibitors of coronavirus 3cl proteases for the potential therapeutic treatment of covid-19.the novel coronavirus disease covid-19 that emerged in 2019 is caused by the virus sars cov-2 and named for its close genetic similarity to sars cov-1 that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002. both sars coronavirus genomes encode two overlapping large polyproteins, which are cleaved at specific sites by a 3c-like cysteine protease (3clpro) in a post-translational processing step that is critical for coronavirus replication. the 3clpro sequences for cov-1 and cov-2 viruses are ...202033054210
high rates of pulmonary artery occlusions in covid-19. a meta-analysis.covid-19 patients are considered at high risk of venous thromboembolism (vte). the real nature of pulmonary artery occlusions (pao) in covid-19 has been questioned, suggesting that it is caused also by in situ thrombi, rather than only by emboli (pe) from peripheral thrombi.202033053206
[initial experience in the attention of patients with covid-19 in a private third-level hospital in buenos aires city].infection with the sars coronavirus type 2 (covid-19) has a variety of presentations, with little data on the evolution of affected patients in argentina. this is a retrospective and observational study of patients with virological confirmation of coronavirus treated during the months of march to may in a private third-level university hospital in buenos aires. o ne hundred and fifty-five adult patients were included, of which 30.3% attended only for a swab; 59.4% were admitted to the hospital a ...202033048785
detected sars-cov-2 in ascitic fluid followed by cryptococcemia: a case report.sars coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) detection in different clinical specimens has raised important insights about its pathogenesis, but some details remain to be understood. in that respect, disrupt viral control seen in solid organ transplant patients on chronic immunosuppression can help unveil pathogenic mechanisms and characterize new coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) immunological and clinical aspects, as well as secondary complications. we herein report a case of sars-cov-2 detection in asciti ...202033047097
the important role of in-situ simulation in preparing surgeons for the covid-19 pandemic.effective training is vital when facing viral outbreaks such as the sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) outbreak of 2019. the objective of this study was to measure the impact of in-situ simulation on the confidence of the surgical teams of two hospitals in assessing and managing acutely unwell surgical patients who are high-risk or confirmed to have covid-19.202033039335
rapid, sensitive and specific sars coronavirus-2 detection: a multi-center comparison between standard qrt-pcr and crispr based detectr.recent advances in crispr-based diagnostics suggest that detectr, a combination of isothermal reverse transcriptase loop mediated amplification (rt-lamp) and subsequent cas12 bystander nuclease activation by amplicon targeting ribonucleoprotein complexes, could be a faster and cheaper alternative to qrt-pcr without sacrificing sensitivity/specificity. here we compare detectr with qrt-pcr to diagnose covid-19 on 378 patient samples. patient sample dilution assays suggest a higher analytical sensi ...202033038252
sars-cov-2: how safe is it to fly and what can be done to enhance protection?with lockdown restrictions over coronavirus disease 2019 being relaxed, airlines are returning to the skies. published evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 transmission on aircraft is limited, but in-flight transmission of respiratory infections such as tuberculosis, influenza and sars has been well described. risk factors include proximity to index patients and sitting in aisle seats. personal protection on aircraft could be enhanced by always wearing a well-fittin ...202033031556
[sars coronavirus-2 vaccines: options and state-of-the-art].since the first reports in mid-january of a serious new viral respiratory infection, covid-19, and the identification of sars-cov-2 as the cause of this disease, researchers work intensely on developing a vaccine that can protect individuals against serious disease and that can limit the spread of the virus. vaccine developers are using a range of platform technologies to do this, each with advantages and disadvantages. close to 30 vaccines are now in clinical testing. the first results are enco ...202033030329
sars-cov-2 infection during pregnancy, a risk factor for eclampsia or neurological manifestations of covid-19? case report.there are no published cases of tonic-clonic seizures and posterior bilateral blindness during pregnancy and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. we do not just face new and unknown manifestations, but also how different patient groups are affected by sars-cov-2 infection, such as pregnant women. coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), preeclampsia, eclampsia and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy share endothelium damage and similar pathophysio ...202033023500
reply to letter to the editor: presence of sars-coronavirus-2 in the ileal mucosa: another evidence for infection of gi tract by this virus (gastro-d-20-01382). 202033022278
covid-19: between past and present.since the who declared coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) as a pandemic, huge efforts were made to understand the disease, its pathogenesis, and treatment. covid-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2 (sars-cov2), which is closely related to sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the coronaviruses over the years, and the epidemics they caused in this century with a focus on the current pandemi ...202033017280
in silico molecular docking: evaluation of coumarin based derivatives against sars-cov-2.the unique anthropological coronavirus which has been titled as sars-cov-2 was originally arisen in late 2019 in wuhan, china affecting respiratory infection named as covid-19. coronavirus is disturbing human life in an exceptional method and has converted a public health global crisis. natural products are ahead consideration due to the huge beneficial window and effective anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antiviral possessions. consequently, the present study was intended to ...202033008777
furin inhibitors block sars-cov-2 spike protein cleavage to suppress virus production and cytopathic effects.development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. this study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the sars-cov-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), as antiviral targets. we first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at sars-cov-2 spikes by expressing it in veroe6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. cleavage and the syncytium are ...202033007239
topical lignocaine anaesthesia for oropharyngeal sampling for covid-19.to ascertain if topical lignocaine application in oropharynx prior to swab sampling to test for covid-19 improves a patient's comfort and to assess its effect on the swab sample taken to conduct the rt-pcr.202033001294
inflammation and thrombosis in patients with covid-19: a prothrombotic and inflammatory disease caused by sars coronavirus-2.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2' (sars-cov-2) infection emerged in wuhan, a city of china, and spread to the entire planet in early 2020. the virus enters the respiratory tract cells and other tissues via ace2 receptors. approximately 20% of infected subjects develop severe or critical disease. a cytokine storm leads to over inflammation and thrombotic events. the most common clinical presentation in covid-19 is pneumonia, typically ...202033001051
insult to injury-potential contribution of coronavirus disease-19 to neuroinflammation and the development of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders.severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus (cov)-2 is responsible for a new coronavirus disease known as coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19). sars-cov-2 reports neurotropic properties and may have neurological implications, and this creates another health burden for people living with hiv. as yet, the impact of covid-19 on (neuro)inflammation and the development of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand) is not fully known. here, we reviewed preliminary evidence that provides clue ...202032993321
surveillance and re-positive rna test in patients recovered from covid-19. 202032990948
treatment of immunocompromised covid-19 patients with convalescent plasma.immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant and hematologic malignancy patients appear to be at increased risk for morbidity and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). convalescent plasma, a method of passive immunization that has been applied to prior viral pandemics, holds promise as a potential treatment for covid-19. immunocompromised patients may experience more benefit from convalescent plasma given underlying deficits i ...202032989856
transmission-dynamics models for the sars coronavirus-2. 202032978876
covid-19: current understanding of its pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment.the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2 is a novel coronavirus belonging to the family coronaviridae and is now known to be responsible for the outbreak of a series of recent acute atypical respiratory infections originating in wuhan, china. the disease caused by this virus, termed coronavirus disease 19 or simply covid-19, has rapidly spread throughout the world at an alarming pace and has been declared a pandemic by the who on march 11, 2020. in this review, an update on the ...202032978337
advances on synthesis, derivatization and bioactivity of isatin: a review.isatin (ist) is a crucial pharmacologically active compound, chemically known as indole-1h-2,3- dione. development of different ist based analogues acquired significant awareness because of its pronounced therapeutic importance such as analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral (effective against sars coronavirus 3c protease) and many other activities, and represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as a precursor fo ...202032972348
heterogeneous expression of the sars-coronavirus-2 receptor ace2 in the human respiratory tract.zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses are responsible for three disease outbreaks since 2002, including the current covid-19 pandemic, caused by sars-cov-2. its efficient transmission and range of disease severity raise questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. ace2 is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for sars-cov-2. numerous reports describe ace2 mrna abundance and tissue distribution; however, mrna abundance is not always representative of protein levels. curr ...202032971472
rational use of sars-cov-2 polymerase chain reaction tests within institutions caring for the vulnerable.institutions such as hospitals and nursing or long-stay residential homes accommodate individuals at considerable risk of mortality should they acquire sars-cov-2 infection. in these settings, polymerase chain reaction tests play a central role in infection prevention and control. here, we argue that both false negative and false positive tests are possible and that careful consideration of the prior probability of infection and of test characteristics are needed to prevent harm. we outline evid ...202032968484
tmprss2, a sars-cov-2 internalization protease is downregulated in head and neck cancer patients.sars-coronavirus-2 enters host cells through binding of the spike protein to ace2 receptor and subsequent s priming by the tmprss2 protease. we aim to assess differences in both ace2 and tmprss2 expression in normal tissues from oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and lung tissues as well as neoplastic tissues from the same areas.202032967703
severity of lung involvement on chest x-rays in sars-coronavirus-2 infected patients as a possible tool to predict clinical progression: an observational retrospective analysis of the relationship between radiological, clinical, and laboratory data.to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a chest x-ray (cxr) score and of clinical and laboratory data in predicting the clinical course of patients with sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection.202032965310
understanding the role of corona virus based on current scientific evidence - a review with emerging important in pandemic.coronavirus disease is a potentially deadly disease and of significant apprehension for global communal health potentially because of its lethality. vaccines and antiviral medications are still under trial to prevent or treat infections of human coronavirus (hcov) till date. the virus hcov originate in 2003, sars-cov, which causes respiratory syndrome having distinctive pathogenesis and causes infections of the respiratory tract. a mechanism was projected for the evolution of sars virus and a ha ...202032957894
covid-19 and the liver: what do we know after six months of the pandemic?despite liver injury in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov)-2 (sars-cov-2) is associated with prolonged hospitalization, and liver dysfunction is mainly described in patients with severe viral disease. how liver abnormalities may affect virus infection is still unknown. improved understanding of host genetics, lifestyle, underlying comorbidities and adequate follow-up of patients with liver damage are critical in the new scenario of the pandemic viru ...202032956871
covid - 19 post hematopoietic cell transplant, a report of 11 cases from a single center.in late 2019 the coronavirus disease - 2019 (covid - 19) pandemic caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars - cov - 2) started in wuhan, china. life has changed radically since then. data emerging from the first hit countries show a tendency for a complicated course and higher mortality in some subgroups of infected patients. cancer patients are immunosuppressed from their disease and the therapy they receive. hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are a subgroup of patients that are severely i ...202032952981
placental pathology findings during and after sars-cov-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion.since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), there has been a debate whether pregnant women are at a specific risk for covid-19 and whether it might be vertically transmittable through the placenta. we present a series of five placentas of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-positive women who had been diagnosed with mild symptoms of covid-19 or had been asymptomatic before birth. we provide a detailed histopathologic description of morphological changes accompanied by an analysis of p ...202032950981
stat3 isoforms differentially affect ace2 expression: a potential target for covid-19 therapy.the sars-coronavirus 2 is the aetiologic agent covid-19. ace2 has been identified as a cell entry receptor for the virus. therefore, trying to understand how the gene is controlled has become a major goal. we silenced the expression of stat3α and stat3β, and found that while silencing stat3α causes an increase in ace2 expression, silencing stat3β causes the opposite effect. studying the role of stat3 in ace2 expression will shed light on the molecular events that contribute to the progression of ...202032949179
anemia and covid-19: a prospective perspective. 202032949170
using wechat, a chinese social media app, for early detection of the covid-19 outbreak in december 2019: retrospective study.a novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, was identified in december 2019, when the first cases were reported in wuhan, china. the once-localized outbreak has since been declared a pandemic. as of april 24, 2020, there have been 2.7 million confirmed cases and nearly 200,000 deaths. early warning systems using new technologies should be established to prevent or mitigate such events in the future.202032931439
potential protease inhibitors and their combinations to block sars-cov-2.covid-19, which has emerged recently as a pandemic viral infection caused by sars-coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the world, creating a public health emergency. the current situation demands an effective therapeutic strategy to control the disease using drugs that are approved, or by inventing new ones. the present study examines the possible repurposing of existing anti-viral protease inhibitor drugs. for this, the structural features of the viral spike protein, the substrate for host c ...202032924827
anti-frameshifting ligand active against sars coronavirus-2 is resistant to natural mutations of the frameshift-stimulatory pseudoknot.sars-cov-2 uses -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) to control expression of key viral proteins. because modulating -1 prf can attenuate the virus, ligands binding to the rna pseudoknot that stimulates -1 prf may have therapeutic potential. mutations in the pseudoknot have occurred during the pandemic, but how they affect -1 prf efficiency and ligand activity is unknown. studying a panel of six mutations in key regions of the pseudoknot, we found that most did not change -1 prf levels ...202032920049
development of sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid specific monoclonal antibodies.the global covid-19 pandemic has caused massive disruptions in every society around the world. to help fight covid-19, new molecular tools specifically targeting critical components of the causative agent of covid-19, sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), are desperately needed. the sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid protein is a major component of the viral replication processes, integral to viral particle assembly, and is a major diagnostic marker for infection and immune protection. currently available antib ...202032908982
asymptomatic sars coronavirus 2 infection: invisible yet invincible.while successful containment measures of covid-19 in china and many european countries have led to flattened curves, case numbers are rising dramatically in other countries, with the emergence of a second wave expected. asymptomatic individuals carrying sars-cov-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. the data addressed here show that characteristics of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infection are not ident ...202032891737
therapy of sars-coronavirus-2 pneumonia: is there an optimal il-6 cut-off for successful tocilizumab treatment? 202032886768
impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system.understanding the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (hcw) is crucial.202032875500
design and evaluation of anti-sars-coronavirus agents based on molecular interactions with the viral protease.three types of new coronaviruses (covs) have been identified recently as the causative viruses for the severe pneumonia-like respiratory illnesses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and corona-virus disease 2019 (covid-19). neither therapeutic agents nor vaccines have been developed to date, which is a major drawback in controlling the present global pandemic of covid-19 caused by sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has resulted in more than 20,43 ...202032867349
association of vitamin d with the modulation of the disease severity in covid-19.in late 2019, sars-cov-2 started to spread throughout the world causing the covid-19 that has taken a considerable number of lives. results obtained from several investigations have explained the virus origin, pathogenicity, and transmission. similar to sars coronavirus, the pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) 2 was introduced as the virus receptor for entering the cell. an increased body of epidemiological and clinical evidences has shown modulating effects of vitamin d in lung injuri ...202032866536
scaffold morphing of arbidol (umifenovir) in search of multi-targeting therapy halting the interaction of sars-cov-2 with ace2 and other proteases involved in covid-19.the rapid emergence of novel coronavirus, sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), originated from wuhan, china, imposed a global health emergency. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor serves as an entry point for this deadly virus while the proteases like furin, transmembrane protease serine 2 (tmprss2) and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (3clpro) are involved in the further processing and replication of sars-cov-2. the interaction of sp with ace2 and these proteases results in the sars-cov-2 i ...202032866534
synergistic antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination against sars-cov-2: what molecular dynamics studies of virus-host interactions reveal.the emergence of sars-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has led to a global pandemic disease referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19). hydroxychloroquine (clq-oh)/azithromycin (atm) combination therapy is currently being tested for the treatment of covid-19, with promising results. however, the molecular mechanism of action of this combination is not yet established. using molecular dynamics (md) simulations, this study shows that the drugs act in synergy to prevent any close contact between th ...202032862840
intrinsic disorder perspective of an interplay between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sars-cov-2.the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus sars-cov-2 walks the planet causing the rapid spread of the cov disease 2019 (covid-19) that has especially deleterious consequences for the patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (cvds). entry of the sars-cov-2 into the host cell involves interaction of the virus (via the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of its spike glycoprotein) with the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) followed by the virus-ace ...202032853823
in silico screening of hundred phytocompounds of ten medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of covid-19: an approach to prevent virus assembly.currently, there is no specific treatment to cure covid-19. many medicinal plants have antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, wound healing etc. therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen for potent inhibitors of n-terminal domain (ntd) of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of sars-cov-2. the structure of ntd of rna binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of sars coronavirus 2 was retrieved from the protein data bank (pdb 6vyo) and the structures of 100 differen ...202032851912
clinical features of neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease-2019: a systematic review of 105 neonates.despite the increasingly recognized impact of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), on many aspects of health in adults and children, its effects on neonates born to infected mothers remain unclear. we conducted this study to investigate the outcomes of neonates born to mothers with covid-19.202032847748
covid-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct sars-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing.waning immunity occurs in patients who have recovered from covid-19. however, it remains unclear whether true re-infection occurs.202032840608
drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for covid-19.recently, the world has been dealing with a new type of coronavirus called covid-19 that in terms of symptoms is similar to the sars coronavirus. unfortunately, researchers could not find a registered therapy to treat the infection related to the virus yet. regarding the fact that drug repurposing is a good strategy for epidemic viral infection, we applied the drug repurposing strategy using virtual screening to identify therapeutic options for covid-19. for this purpose, five proteins of covid- ...202032837954
erythema multiforme in the context of sars-coronavirus-2 infection. 202032835104
covid-19: pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and investigational therapeutics.the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak started in early december 2019 in the capital city of wuhan, hubei province, people's republic of china, and caused a global pandemic. the number of patients confirmed to have this disease has exceeded 9 million in more than 215 countries, and more than 480 600 have died as of 25 june 2020. coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and have recently been identified as the cause of a middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov) outbreak in 20 ...202032834902
sars-cov-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities.as for the sars coronavirus in the 2003 epidemic, the presence of sars-cov-2 has been demonstrated in faeces and, in some cases, urine of infected people, as well as in wastewater. this paper proposes a critical review of the state of the art regarding studies on the presence of sars-cov-2 in wastewater and sewage sludge, the factors affecting its inactivation and the main proposed treatments. in-vitro tests demonstrated low resistance of sars-cov-2 to high temperature, while even significant ch ...202032834559
[how did covid-19 pandemic change the way we attend the patients in an urogynaecological unit].the current sars-coronavirus type 2 pandemic caused, in few weeks, important changes in the health system organization and in the way we attend the patients. urogynaecological diseases affect quality of life, but without life risk in most cases, so it is possible to delay. moreover, urogynaecological diseases affect mostly women over 65 years old (a high risk population for contracting covid-19). in this manuscript we summarise the current evidence about telemedicine efectivity to manage to pelv ...202032834308
azafluorene derivatives as inhibitors of sars cov-2 rdrp: synthesis, physicochemical, quantum chemical, modeling and molecular docking analysis.the crystal structures of 2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-4-phenyl-5h-indeno [( cheng et al., 2007; lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (ia) and 2-(1h-indol-3-yl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5h-indeno [( cheng et al., 2007; lee et al., 2003) 1,21,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (ib) were determined using single crystal x-ray diffraction. both the compounds belong to the triclinic system with the p-1 space group. the azafluorene ring system in both the compounds is effectively planar. the intermolecular int ...202032834110
host-membrane interacting interface of the sars coronavirus envelope protein: immense functional potential of c-terminal domain.the envelope (e) protein in sars coronavirus (cov) is a small structural protein, incorporated as part of the envelope. a major fraction of the protein has been known to be associated with the host membranes, particularly organelles related to intracellular trafficking, prompting cov packaging and propagation. studies have elucidated the central hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the e protein being responsible for much of the viroporin activity in favor of the virus. however, newer insights in ...202032818817
structural basis of sars-cov-2 spike protein induced by ace2.the recent emergence of the novel sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and its international spread pose a global health emergency. the spike (s) glycoprotein binds ace2 and promotes sars-cov-2 entry into host cells. the trimeric s protein binds the receptor using the receptor-binding domain (rbd) causing conformational changes in s protein that allow priming by host cell proteases. unraveling the dynamic structural features used by sars-cov-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission ...202032818261
hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action inhibiting sars-cov2 entry.sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic. potential drugs identified for the treatment of sars-cov-2 infection include chloroquine (cq), its derivative hydroxychloroquine (hcq), and the anesthetic propofol. their mechanism of action in sars-cov-2 infection is poorly understood. recently, anesthetics, both general and local, were shown to disrupt ordered lipid domains. these same lipid domains recruit the sars-cov-2 surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ...202032817933
structure-based drug design of an inhibitor of the sars-cov-2 (covid-19) main protease using free software: a tutorial for students and scientists.this paper describes the structure-based design of a preliminary drug candidate against covid-19 using free software and publicly available x-ray crystallographic structures. the goal of this tutorial is to disseminate skills in structure-based drug design and to allow others to unleash their own creativity to design new drugs to fight the current pandemic. the tutorial begins with the x-ray crystallographic structure of the main protease (m<sup>pro</sup>) of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) boun ...202032817929
geographical reconstruction of the sars-cov-2 outbreak in lombardy (italy) during the early phase.the first identification of autochthonous transmission of sars-cov-2 in italy was documented by the laboratory of clinical microbiology, virology and bioemergencies of l. sacco hospital (milano, italy) on 20th february 2020 in a 38 years old male patient, who was found positive for pneumonia at the codogno hospital. thereafter lombardy has reported the highest prevalence of covid-19 cases in the country, especially in milano, brescia and bergamo provinces. the aim of this study was to assess the ...202032816316
making lemonade from sars coronavirus-2 lemons: transitioning a smoking cessation trial to a virtual platform.clinical trials represent an essential component of improving treatment for substance use disorders (sud). the sars coronavirus-2 pandemic disrupted our ongoing clinical trial of smoking cessation and forced us to rapidly implement changes to assure participants access to ongoing counseling and monitoring via telephone calls and/or video chat sessions. our experiences suggest that this pandemic will lead to changes for both future clinical trial participants and project staff. while challenges r ...202032811627
heterogeneous antibodies against sars-cov-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications for covid-19 immunity.evaluation of potential immunity against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus that emerged in 2019 (sars-cov-2) is essential for health, as well as social and economic recovery. generation of antibody response to sars-cov-2 (seroconversion) may inform on acquired immunity from prior exposure, and antibodies against the sars-cov-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (s-rbd) are speculated to neutralize virus infection. some serology assays rely solely on sars-cov-2 nuc ...202032796155
anal swab as a potentially optimal specimen for sars-cov-2 detection to evaluate hospital discharge of covid-19 patients.since december 2019, an outbreak of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) began in wuhan, and has rapidly spread worldwide. previously, discharged patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients met the criteria of china's pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus infection (trial version 7) for cure of viral infection. nevertheless, positive detection of sars-cov-2 has been found again in several cured covid-19 patients, leading to conflicts with current criteria. here ...202032795131
interdiction of protein folding for therapeutic drug development in sars cov-2.in this article, we predict the folding initiation events of the ribose phosphatase domain of protein nsp3 and the receptor binding domain of the spike protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus-2. the calculations employ the sequential collapse model and the crystal structures to identify the segments involved in the initial contact formation events of both viral proteins. the initial contact locations may provide good targets for therapeutic drug development. the pro ...202032790379
late onset infectious complications and safety of tocilizumab in the management of covid-19.tocilizumab (tcz) has been used in the management of covid-19-related cytokine release syndrome (crs). concerns exist regarding the risk of infections and drug-related toxicities. we sought to evaluate the incidence of these tcz complications among covid-19 patients.202032790075
role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of severe covid-19 in hypertensive patients.a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars-coronavirus 2 (cov-2), called covid-19, has become a global threat in 2020. the mortality rate from covid-19 is high in hypertensive patients, making this association especially dangerous. there appears to be a consensus, despite the lack of experimental data, that angiotensin ii (ang ii) is linked to the pathogenesis of covid-19. this process may occur due to acquired deficiency of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), resu ...202032783619
presence of sars-coronavirus-2 in the ileal mucosa: another evidence for infection of gi tract by this virus. 202032777284
cutaneous, skin histopathological manifestations and relationship to covid-19 infection patients.covid-19 diseases have been a nationwide pandemic condition. however, cutaneous, skin histopathological manifestations of covid-19 infection are not well described. our study aims are to present heterogeneous cutaneous, histopathological manifestations in covid-19 patients, to investigate the possible relationship between cutaneous manifestations and histopathological features in covid-19 infection. we performed a systemic review in pubmed database and chinese medical journal search engines whic ...202032770717
[sars-cov-2 and microbiological diagnostic dynamics in covid-19 pandemic].we have been introduced to "coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)" disease with high mortality and transmission rate caused by a novel human coronavirus, in december 2019 and the microbiological diagnosis of the infection has been in the center of the focus to control the pandemic. it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the virus which was classified among the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) related coronaviruses and named as sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), to manage testing in th ...202032755524
can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)?much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) outbreaks, the novel sars-cov-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ∼17,300,000 cases and ∼672,000 (∼+1,500/day) deaths globally (as of july 31, 2020). the potentially fatal coronavirus disease (covid-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, g ...202032755302
is there antibody-dependent enhancement in sars coronavirus 2? 202032754556
identification of sars-cov-2 cell entry inhibitors by drug repurposing using in silico structure-based virtual screening approach.the rapidly spreading, highly contagious and pathogenic sars-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (who). the novel 2019 sars-cov-2 enters the host cell by binding of the viral surface spike glycoprotein (s-protein) to cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) receptor. the virus specific molecular interaction with the host cell represents a promising therapeutic target for identifying sars ...202032754161
designing multi-epitope vaccines to combat emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) by employing immuno-informatics approach.a recent pandemic caused by a single-stranded rna virus, covid-19, initially discovered in china, is now spreading globally. this poses a serious threat that needs to be addressed immediately. genome analysis of sars-cov-2 has revealed its close relation to sars-coronavirus along with few changes in its spike protein. the spike protein aids in receptor binding and viral entry within the host and therefore represents a potential target for vaccine and therapeutic development. in the current study ...202032754160
failure of non-invasive ventilation after use of high-flow oxygen therapy in patients with sars-coronavirus-2 pneumonia. 202032747154
antibody response against sars-cov-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein evaluated by four automated immunoassays and three elisas.the aim was to determine the antibody response against sars-cov-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein using four automated immunoassays and three elisas for the detection of total ig antibodies (roche) or igg (abbott, diasorin, snibe, euroimmun, mikrogen) in covid-19 patients.202032745595
evaluation of three fully-automated sars-cov-2 antibody assays.objectives serological assays for detection of sars-cov-2 antibodies are increasingly used during the covid-19 pandemic caused by the sars-coronavirus-2. here we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three commercially available sars-cov-2 antibody assays. methods a total of 186 samples from 58 patients with pcr-confirmed covid-19 infection were measured using sars-cov-2 antibody assays by siemens healthineers, roche diagnostics and euroimmun. additionally, 123 control samples, in ...202032745068
transmission mode associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a review.in late december 2019 in wuhan (china), health commission reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology, subsequently isolated and named severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus 2 (cov-2). in this review, the main transmission routes and causes of mortality associated with covid-19 were investigated.202032744718
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