Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the underestimated risk of hepatitis a and hepatitis b: benefits of an accelerated vaccination schedule. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are vaccine-preventable. current recommendations advocate vaccination of non-immune adults at risk of exposure, including travelers to hav or hbv endemic areas, individuals with high risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection, and some correctional facility inmates. we review the use of an accelerated schedule to administer the combination hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine (twinrix). administering three doses over three weeks and a ... | 2008 | 17643334 |
| impaired function of cd4+/cd25+ t regulatory lymphocytes characterizes the self-limited hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes a transient illness leaving permanent protection against reinfection. few data are available on the regulatory mechanisms involved in the cd4+ t helper activation. we aimed to investigate the frequency and function of cd3+/cd4+/cd25+ t cells with regulatory function (tregs) during acute hav infection. | 2008 | 17645467 |
| epidemiological and virological characterization of a large community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in southern italy. | a large outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in 2004 in campania, a region of southern italy, with 882 cases reported between 1 january and 1 august. the local public health authorities and the italian national institute of health carried out investigations in order to characterize the agent, identify the source of infection and the route of transmission, and implement appropriate control measures. a web-based reporting system enhanced the flow of information between public hea ... | 2008 | 17892633 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis a virus in representative food matrices. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an important cause of foodborne disease worldwide. the detection of this virus in naturally contaminated food products is complicated by the absence of a reliable culture method, low levels of contamination, and the presence of matrix-associated compounds which inhibit molecular detection. in this study, we report a novel method to concentrate hav from foods prior to the application of reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection. specifically, we used cationically ... | 2008 | 17931710 |
| incidence of hav and hbv infections and vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. | hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) superinfection is associated with an increased mortality in patients with chronic liver diseases (cld). despite official recommendations, it was reported that the vaccination rate against hav is low in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. to evaluate the situation in patients with autoimmune liver diseases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. | 2008 | 17970833 |
| changing patterns of hepatitis a and e sero-prevalences in children after the 1999 earthquakes in duzce, turkey. | hepatitis a and e are enteric viral diseases that are characteristically found in developing countries. sero-epidemiological data about both infections showed higher prevalence rates soon after the 1999 earthquakes in duzce, turkey. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the data 4 years after the earthquakes. | 2008 | 17999670 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus in children with fulminant hepatic failure in argentina. | hepatitis a infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, is an important cause of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in children in argentina. universal vaccination in 1-year-old children was implemented in june 2005. the limited studies about the correlation between the characteristics of the hepatitis a virus (hav) and fhf have been carried out in adults. | 2008 | 18028318 |
| hepatitis a virus mutant spectra under the selective pressure of monoclonal antibodies: codon usage constraints limit capsid variability. | severe structural constraints in the hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid have been suggested as the reason for the lack of emergence of new serotypes in spite of the occurrence of complex distributions of mutants or quasispecies. analysis of the hav mutant spectra under immune pressure by the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) k34c8 (immunodominant site) and h7c27 (glycophorin binding site) has revealed different evolutionary dynamics. populations composed of complex ensembles of mutants with very low fitn ... | 2008 | 18057242 |
| the picornavirus avian encephalomyelitis virus possesses a hepatitis c virus-like internal ribosome entry site element. | avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) is a picornavirus that causes disease in poultry worldwide, and flocks must be vaccinated for protection. aev is currently classified within the hepatovirus genus, since its proteins are most closely related to those of hepatitis a virus (hav). we now provide evidence that the 494-nucleotide-long 5' untranslated region of the aev genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element that functions efficiently in vitro and in mammalian cells. unlike th ... | 2008 | 18077729 |
| hepatitis a incidence and hospital-based seroprevalence in italy: a nation-wide study. | to define the pattern of hav infection in italy and to study the differences among geographic areas (northern, central and southern italy) and age-classes, we performed hav antibody testing on sera collected in 1996-1997 from a large sample of the italian population and compared the results with those of other seroprevalence studies and with incidence data for the period 1985-2005, calculated by a surveillance system specific for acute viral hepatitis based on symptomatic cases. a total of 3,561 ... | 2008 | 17978852 |
| immunogenicity, safety, and interchangeability of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines in chilean children. | to compare the immunogenicity, safety, and interchangeability of two pediatric hepatitis a vaccines, avaxim 80u-pediatric and havrix 720, in chilean children. | 2008 | 17988917 |
| comparison between serum and saliva for the detection of hepatitis a virus rna. | due to the ease of collection, oral fluid is being investigated as an alternative to serum for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. however, for prospective studies involving hepatitis a virus (hav) rna detection, a standard methodology must be developed. in the present study, nested rt-pcr and real-time pcr were optimized and evaluated for hav detection and quantification, using oral fluid from healthy volunteers (n=20) and paired serum/oral fluid samples from individuals involved in a hepa ... | 2008 | 18160140 |
| a new liquid intravenous immunoglobulin with three dedicated virus reduction steps: virus and prion reduction capacity. | a new 10% liquid human intravenous immunoglobulin (us trade name: gammagard liquid; european trade name: kiovig) manufactured by a process with three dedicated pathogen inactivation/removal steps (solvent/detergent treatment, 35-nm nanofiltration and low ph/elevated temperature incubation) was developed. the ability of the manufacturing process to inactivate/remove viruses and prions was investigated. | 2008 | 18167162 |
| anti-hav activity of some newly synthesized triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazines. | 6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-3(2h)-thione 2 was used as precursor for the preparation of some novel 3-s-substituted-6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives 3-11. furthermore, the preparation of 1-[2-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-1h-pyrazole derivative 13 and 5-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ylsulfanylmethyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole derivatives 15 and 17, are described. some of the prepared products revealed a promising antiviral ... | 2008 | 18214848 |
| [the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a in the netherlands; the usefulness of typing isolated viral strains]. | to investigate the epidemiological links between several outbreaks of hepatitis a in the netherlands (2001-2004). | 2007 | 18232198 |
| [investigation of herpes group and hepatitis a virus nucleic acids in the atherome plaque samples of patients with coronary arterial disease]. | it is assumed that various infectious agents play direct or indirect roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which is accepted as a chronic inflammatory phenomenon. however, the data obtained from different studies are contradictory. the aim of this study was to investigate the roles of herpes virus group [herpes simplex virus (hsv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv)] and hepatitis a virus (hav) which are debated in terms of their impact in the pathogenesis of coronary arteria ... | 2007 | 18173072 |
| [is it necessary to investigate anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibodies when the hepatic enzymogram is normal?]. | is it necessary to investigate anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibodies when the hepatic enzymogram is normal? type a viral hepatitis (hav) is the most frequent viral hepatitis around the world, especially in low income countries. in order to confirm this disease, a lot of laboratory tests are annually carried out where hav is endemic. our objective was to establish the utility of investigating anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibodies for hav diagnosis in patients with normal levels of ser ... | 2007 | 17990376 |
| safety procedures of coagulation factors. | two main types of safety procedures must be applied to biological products, including plasma derivatives: (i) preventive procedures and (ii) elimination procedures. prevention includes epidemiological control of donor populations; checks on each donor's health condition; analysis of each donation for the main pathogens using serological methods; additional analysis of all plasma for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and ... | 2007 | 18078396 |
| [acute hemolysis and renal failure caused by hepatitis a infection with underlying glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. | although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder worldwide, it has rarely been reported among korean. the patient was previously healthy 39 yr old male who showed severe hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia after hepatitis a infection. the additional studies for differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia showed a moderate deficiency of g6pd enzyme. because hepatitis a infection in patient with g6pd deficiency pr ... | 2007 | 18094574 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus risk factors in a very low endemic country, switzerland. | we aimed to estimate the population-based lifetime exposure to guidelines-based hepatitis a virus (hav) risk factors in a country model with very low hav endemicity. a cross-sectional survey among randomly selected residents of switzerland aged 20-60 years was performed assessing the hav exposure risk according to the u.s. and the swiss guidelines. the adjusted prevalence of lifetime exposure to hav-associated risk exceeded 80% with travel being the most important risk factor. in addition, not o ... | 2007 | 18061318 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and its relationship with environmental factors in children of different age groups in kahramanmaras, eastern mediterranean region of turkey. | hepatitis a infections are influenced by environmental and socioeconomic factors. epidemiologic studies regarding hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in turkey have not previously examined these factors. we investigated hav seroprevalence and its association with sociodemographic factors among children of various ages in the eastern mediterranean region of turkey. the study included 1142 children (603 male and 539 female) between ages of 6 months and 18 years. seropositivity in the whole group was ... | 2007 | 18070285 |
| exploration of cost effectiveness of active vaccination in the control of a school outbreak of hepatitis a in a deprived community in the united kingdom. | in january 2006, an outbreak of hepatitis a occurred in a socio-economically deprived area of liverpool, in the united kingdom (uk), where extensive community outbreaks of hepatitis had previously occurred. a total of nine cases were confirmed. five of these were linked within a primary school. the outbreak initially occurred among a close social contact group, but there was evidence of subsequent person-to-person transmission within a local primary school. the school was attended by 221 pupils ... | 2007 | 18076861 |
| [duration of viral rna circulation in blood of patients with hepatitis a]. | duration of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna circulation in blood of patients with ha was assessed and compared with intensity of cytolytic syndrome. detection of viral rna was performed by rt-pcr method with specific primers to vp1/p2a region of hav genome. 54 blood serum samples from 40 patients were prospectively studied on the presence of hav rna. the latterwas detected in 53.7% of serum samples. the greatest number of positive results of hav rna detection in blood of the patients with ha was obt ... | 2007 | 18038542 |
| [real-time multiplex pcr for rapid detection of enteroviruses, adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in clinical specimens]. | real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with internal positive control (ipc) was developed for simultaneous detection of adenoviruses (av), enteroviruses (ev) and hepatitis a virus (hav). primes and probes labeled with different fluorophores (fam, r6g, rox, and cy5) and able to detect up to four viral rnas (dnas) with high specificity in a single tube in real-time pcr were designed. sensitivity and specificity of the method was estimated using cultural strains of 8 serotypes of ev, 5 ... | 2007 | 18038551 |
| anti-hepatitis a virus seroprevalence among patients with chronic viral liver disease in korea. | it is generally recommended that patients with chronic viral hepatitis should be vaccinated against hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. we intended to evaluate the prevalence of igg anti-hav according to age in patients chronically infected with hepatitis b virus or hepatitis c virus in korea. | 2007 | 18049159 |
| implementation of a hepatitis a prevention policy in haemophiliacs: results from the french cohort. | in the early nineties, the occurrence of hepatitis a outbreaks in some patients with haemophilia in some countries led french health authorities to recommend hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination in hav-seronegative haemophiliacs. the french 'suivi thérapeutique national des hémophiles' cohort permitted to assess the implementation of this recommendation by the analysis of the vaccinal process, i.e. hav seropositivity assessment and vaccination of hav-seronegative patients, in a survival approach. ... | 2007 | 17973847 |
| increasing hepatitis a igg prevalence rate in men who have sex with men attending a sexual health clinic in london: implications for immunization policy. | the aims of this study were to audit an immunization policy to vaccinate men who have sex with men (msm) attending a large london sexual health clinic, and to undertake an approximate cost analysis of different strategies, using the estimated prevalence rate of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin g (igg). a retrospective study of the seroprevalence of anti-hav igg among msm was conducted for a 12-month period, involving 395 homosexual or bisexual men attending the genitourinary medicine ... | 2007 | 17945051 |
| hepatitis a vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. | hepatitis a vaccine administered to persons after exposure to the hepatitis a virus has not been compared directly with immune globulin, which is known to be highly effective in preventing hepatitis a when given within 2 weeks after exposure to the virus. | 2007 | 17947390 |
| another success for hepatitis a vaccine. | 2007 | 17947391 | |
| bayesian coalescent inference of hepatitis a virus populations: evolutionary rates and patterns. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a hepatotropic member of the family picornaviridae. previous studies suggested that hav may evolve more slowly than other members of the family. to estimate hav substitution rates precisely, we used a bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) approach on temporally sampled hav vp1 full-length sequences from strains isolated in france. a mean rate of evolutionary change of 9.76 x 10(-4) nucleotide substitution per site per year was found. the results also revealed that t ... | 2007 | 17947528 |
| update: prevention of hepatitis a after exposure to hepatitis a virus and in international travelers. updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | in 1995, highly effective inactivated hepatitis a vaccines were first licensed in the united states for preexposure prophylaxis against hepatitis a virus (hav) among persons aged > or =2 years. in 2005, vaccine manufacturers received food and drug administration approval for use of the vaccines in children aged 12-23 months. | 2007 | 17947967 |
| rna interaction and cleavage of poly(c)-binding protein 2 by hepatitis a virus protease. | the poly(rc)-binding protein pcbp2 has multiple functions in post-transcriptional control of host and viral gene expression. since it interacts with picornaviral rna structures, it was proposed that pcbp2 regulates viral genome translation and replication. the hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornavirus, contains an unusual pyrimidine-rich tract (py1) with unknown functions. using in vivo and in vitro assays, we provide direct evidence that pcbp2 interacts with py1 and that binding is medi ... | 2007 | 17967440 |
| [comparison of recent igg anti-hav prevalence between two hospitals in seoul and gyeonggi area]. | recently, the incidence of acute hepatitis a has increased nationwide and is related to the low rate of igg anti-hav. this study compared the prevalence of igg anti-hav in two university hospitals located in a large city and in a small city including a rural region according to age, gender, and the year of diagnosis. | 2007 | 17898552 |
| evaluation of an extracting method for the detection of hepatitis a virus in shellfish by sybr-green real-time rt-pcr. | consumption of virus-contaminated shellfish has caused numerous outbreaks of gastroenteritis and hepatitis worldwide. in the present study, we evaluated a rapid and simple extraction method to concentrate and purify enteric viruses from shellfish tissues for their detection by real-time rt-pcr. this procedure consists of an alkaline elution with a glycine buffer, solids removal by slow speed centrifugation, purification by chloroform extraction and virus concentration by ultracentrifugation. the ... | 2007 | 17900731 |
| molecular characterization of an acute hepatitis a outbreak among healthcare workers at a korean hospital. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies is low in young adults in korea. from may to july 2005, 17 cases of hav were reported from healthcare workers (hcws) in a hospital intensive care unit (icu). we looked for the presence of anti-hav igm from all patients in the medical-surgical icu with elevated aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) and screened ast and alt levels in all hcws who came into contact with two suspected index cases. once the outbrea ... | 2007 | 17919777 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis a virus in urban sewage in rio de janeiro, brazil. | a one-year survey was conducted to examine hepatitis a virus (hav) prevalence, distribution of genotypes and their relationship to bacterial indicators in raw and treated sewage samples. | 2007 | 17651213 |
| analysis of hepatitis a virus protein 2b in sera of hepatitis a of various severities. | in our recent study of the full-length hepatitis a virus (hav) genome from some patients with fulminant hepatitis and acute hepatitis, possible associations were suggested between the severity of hepatitis a and the amino acid substitutions in the nonstructural protein 2b. we therefore analyzed hav 2b from many patients with various clinical disease severities. | 2007 | 17653652 |
| rising hepatitis a immunity in u.s. military recruits. | the u.s. military immunizes new recruits against hepatitis a. since 2001, immunization with the hepatitis a vaccine has been recommended for civilian adolescents in higher risk areas. recently, the armed forces epidemiological board recommended serologic screening where feasible to reduce redundant recruit immunizations. | 2007 | 17691697 |
| concomitant administration of a virosome-adjuvanted hepatitis a vaccine with routine childhood vaccines at age twelve to fifteen months: a randomized controlled trial. | the objectives of this trial were to test for noninferiority of a virosomal hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine (epaxal) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines compared with epaxal given alone and to an alum-adjuvanted hav vaccine (havrix junior) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines. | 2007 | 17721372 |
| poly(a) binding protein, c-terminally truncated by the hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c, inhibits viral translation. | proteolytic cleavage of translation initiation factors is a means to interfere with mrna circularization and to induce translation arrest during picornaviral replication or apoptosis. it was shown that the regulated cleavages of eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4g and poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) by viral proteinases correlated with early and late arrest of host cap-dependent and viral internal ribosome entry site (ires)-dependent translation, respectively. here we show that in contrast to c ... | 2007 | 17726047 |
| prevalence and correlates of hepatitis a among adult drug users: the significance of incarceration and race/ethnicity. | this report examines associations between hepatitis a virus (hav) infection prevalence and a history of incarceration in jail or a correctional facility among a population of drug users in baltimore stratified by african american and white racial/ethnic status. the study sample consisted of 509 non-injection and injection drug users recruited from inner-city neighborhoods of the baltimore metropolitan region. the baseline prevalence of hav infection was 36.9% (n=188). one-fourth (25.5%) of the s ... | 2007 | 17766016 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a pediatric dose of a virosome-adjuvanted hepatitis a vaccine: a controlled trial in children aged 1-16 years. | the availability of pediatric formulations of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines would facilitate the introduction of universal mass vaccination against hav. the objective of this study was to compare a pediatric dose (0.25 ml) of epaxal, a virosomal, aluminum-free hav vaccine, to 0.5 ml standard dose, and to alum-adsorbed hav vaccine. | 2007 | 17848882 |
| hepatitis a as an etiologic agent of acute liver failure in latin america. | this prospective, multicenter study examined the importance of hepatitis viruses as etiological agents of acute liver failure (alf) and the outcome of alf cases in latin american children and adolescents. | 2007 | 17848883 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in infants and young children. | infants with passively transferred maternal antibody, born to mothers immune to hepatitis a virus (hav), have a blunted response to hepatitis a (ha) vaccine. we compared ha vaccine immunogenicity among infants born to immune and susceptible mothers, vaccinated on different schedules. | 2007 | 17259872 |
| molecular confirmation of oysters as the vector for hepatitis a in a 2005 multistate outbreak. | numerous hepatitis a outbreaks were linked to the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish in the united states between 1960 and 1989. however, there had been no major molluscan shellfish-associated hepatitis a outbreaks reported in the united states for more than a decade (1989 to 2004). beginning in late august 2005, at least 10 clusters of hepatitis a illnesses, totaling 39 persons, occurred in four states among restaurant patrons who ate oysters. epidemiologic data indicated that oysters were ... | 2007 | 17265873 |
| convenience is the key to hepatitis a and b vaccination uptake among young adult injection drug users. | despite cdc recommendations to vaccinate injection drug users (idus) against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections, coverage remains low. vaccination programs convenient to idus have not been widely implemented or evaluated. we assessed whether convenience and monetary incentives influenced uptake of free vaccine by 18-30-year-old idus in five u.s. cities. | 2007 | 17276018 |
| participant-collected, mail-delivered oral fluid specimens can replace traditional serosurveys: a demonstration-of-feasibility survey of hepatitis a virus-specific antibodies in adults. | although population-based serosurveys offer an optimal measure of cumulative infection rates, they are seldom performed due to high cost and complex logistics. use of participant self-collected oral fluid as a diagnostic specimen and mail for specimen delivery has the potential of generating reliable, population-representative data at limited cost. | 2007 | 17278676 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in afro-brazilian isolated communities in central brazil. | to investigate hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rates among isolated african-descendant communities in central brazil, 947 subjects were interviewed about demographic characteristics in all 12 isolated afro-descendant communities existing in the state of mato grosso do sul, central brazil, between march 2002 and november 2003. blood samples were collected and sera were tested for hav antibodies (total and igm anti-hav) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall prevalence of hav infectio ... | 2007 | 17294012 |
| cocirculation of and coinfections with hepatitis a virus subgenotypes iiia and ib in patients from pune, western india. | aim: during the 1990s, a changing pattern of epidemiology of hepatitis a was reported in different populations of india. the present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains over a period of 10 years. methods: stool/serum samples were collected from hepatitis a patients clinically presenting acute viral hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed to detect hav-rna. hav genome ... | 2007 | 17300702 |
| predictors of immunity after hepatitis a vaccination in hiv-infected persons. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection remains a health risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. while the inactivated hav vaccine affords protection to immunocompetent persons >95% of the time, rates of developing protective antibody (anti-hav) in hiv+ persons are considerably lower. although low cd4+ t-cell counts have previously been reported to be correlated with this poor response, the effect of hiv viraemia on hav vaccine response has not previously been reported. the medic ... | 2007 | 17305885 |
| hepatitis a virus in environmental water samples from the amazon basin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a significant waterborne human pathogen. of the global supply of potable water, brazil retains 13%, of which 75% resides in the amazon basin. although hepatitis a morbidity has declined progressively in brazil as a whole, it remains high in the amazon region. we used nested and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and quantify the viral load in water samples from the amazon basin. most samples tested positive (92%), with viral lo ... | 2007 | 17306323 |
| twinrix vaccination schedules among injecting drug users. | twinrix is the only licensed vaccine that provides dual protection against infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). the standard vaccination schedule for twinrix is 0, 1 and 6 months. however, many high-risk populations, such as injecting drug users (idus), do not complete the vaccination series and, thus, do not acquire sufficient immunity against hav and hbv. twinrix can be administered using an accelerated vaccination schedule of 0, 7 and 21 days, with a booster rec ... | 2007 | 17309329 |
| shifting seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in japan, 1973-2003. | hepatitis a infection is caused by hepatitis a virus (hav) contracted through fecal-oral transmission. life-long immunity is conferred after infection. improved sanitary conditions have generally resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis a. however, a low incidence of infection results in increased hav susceptibility. the present study investigates the prevalence of anti-hav antibody and clarifies the current hav status and hav susceptibility in japan at 2003. | 2007 | 17310086 |
| interchangeability of a hepatitis a vaccine second dose: avaxim 80 following a first dose of vaqta 25 or havrix 720 in children in turkey. | this randomised, observer-blind clinical trial conducted in turkey evaluated the immunogenicity, safety and interchangeability of three paediatric inactivated hepatitis a vaccines in 424 seronegative children between 1 and 15 years of age. | 2007 | 17318620 |
| genetic variability and molecular evolution of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of type a viral hepatitis, was first identified about three decades ago. recent findings have shown that hav possess several characteristics that make it unique among the family picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis. hav circulates in vivo as distributions of closely genetically related variants referred to as quasispecies. hav exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation to en ... | 2007 | 17328982 |
| identification of hepatitis a virus mimotopes by phage display, antigenicity and immunogenicity. | a phage-displayed peptide approach was used to identify ligands mimicking antigenic determinants of hepatitis a virus (hav) for the first time. bacteriophages displaying hav mimotopes were isolated from a phage-display peptide library by affinity selection on serum antibodies from hepatitis a patients. selected phage-peptides were screened for reactivity with sera from hav infected patients and healthy controls. four cloned peptides with different sequences were identified as mimotopes of hav; t ... | 2007 | 17129616 |
| degradation of the encephalomyocarditis virus and hepatitis a virus 3c proteases by the ubiquitin/26s proteasome system in vivo. | we have isolated stably transfected mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines that inducibly express either the mature encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) or hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c protease and have used these cells to demonstrate that both proteins are subject to degradation in vivo by the ubiquitin/26s proteasome system. the detection of 3c protease expression in these cells requires inducing conditions and the presence of one of several proteasome inhibitors. both 3c proteases are incorporated ... | 2007 | 17150238 |
| the first experimental study on a candidate combined vaccine against hepatitis a and hepatitis e. | to test the possibility of developing a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and e, groups of mice were immunized with different formulations containing different dosages of a commercially inactivated hepatitis a vaccine and a candidate recombinant hepatitis e vaccine. monovalent vaccine components were used as controls. the experimental results showed that the combined vaccine could induce neutralizing antibodies against both hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) effectively in mi ... | 2007 | 17156900 |
| comparative evaluation of new taqman real-time assays for the detection of hepatitis a virus. | three novel real-time taqman rt-pcr assays targeting the 5'-utr, the viral protease and the viral polymerase regions of the hepatitis a virus (hav) were developed, evaluated and compared against a new published 5'-utr taqman assay (jn) and a widely used conventional rt-pcr assay (havc). all conventional rt-pcr (hav, sh-prot and sh-poly systems) and taqman (sh-prot, sh-poly, jn and sh-5u systems) assays evaluated were consistent for the detection of the three different hav strains (hm-175, has-15 ... | 2007 | 17157393 |
| a 1-year study of the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in tunisia. | this 1-year (september 2000 to august 2001) prospective study investigated the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the population of monastir, tunisia (86 serum samples), in the influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants, and in shellfish harvested in the coastal areas of monastir, bizerte and sfax (january 2001 to may 2001). the virus was detected by rt-pcr using primers targeted at the vp3-vp1 region. an epidemic of hav infection was observed during the winter months, with a ... | 2007 | 17184284 |
| elimination of hepatitis a infection outbreaks in day care and school settings in southern israel after introduction of the national universal toddler hepatitis a immunization program. | in 1999, israel became the first country to begin universal toddler immunization against hepatitis a infection with a 2-dose schedule at 18 and 24 months. the effect of the israeli program on outbreaks of hepatitis a in day care and school settings was studied. | 2007 | 17195703 |
| multiple viral hepatitis in injection drug users and associated risk factors. | while infections due to hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) have been well-studied in injection drug users (idus), hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and coinfection with multiple hepatitis viruses have received less attention. | 2007 | 17201886 |
| a dynamic model for assessing universal hepatitis a vaccination in canada. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) in canada is currently targeted toward high-risk groups. however, universal vaccination has been adopted in several other countries with a similar disease burden. here we develop an age-structured compartmental model of hav transmission and vaccination in canada to assess potential universal vaccination strategies. the model predicts that universal vaccination at age 1 (respectively 4, 9, 15), with phasing out of targeted vaccination, would reduce repo ... | 2007 | 17229493 |
| declining trend in the seroprevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus in thailand. | since the mid 1970s, infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) in thailand has shifted from hyper-endemic to mesoendemic. in 2004, to explore this trend in prevalence further, 3997 subjects from four geographically distinct provinces of thailand were tested, in a commercial elisa, for antibodies to hav. the results indicate that the seroprevalence of hav continues to fall, almost certainly because the profound socio-economic development that has occurred over the last few decades in thailand has br ... | 2007 | 17244410 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis--united states, 2005. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and, for hepatitis a, since 1995. | 2007 | 17363893 |
| hepatitis a antibody prevalence among people with an intellectual disability in ireland. | this manuscript aims to determine the prevalence of antibody to and risk factors for hepatitis a virus (hav) in individuals attending three intellectual disability services through a cross-sectional survey held in dublin, ireland. participants were 636 individuals aged four to 78 years attending three intellectual disability services. the main outcome measure was the measurement of anti-hav (igg antibody) in oral fluid swabs using an antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) technique. risk fact ... | 2007 | 17370978 |
| full-length sequences of subgenotype iiia and iiib hepatitis a virus isolates: characterization of genotype iii hav genomes. | to elucidate the extent of genomic heterogeneity of human hepatitis a virus (hav) strains and to characterize genotype iii hav strains over the entire genome, the full-length sequence of three subgenotype iiia isolates (ha-jng04-90f, ha-jng08-92f, and haj95-8f) and one iiib isolate (haj85-1f) was determined. the ha-jng04-90f, ha-jng08-92f, and haj95-8f genomes which comprised 7463 or 7464 nt excluding the poly(a) tail, were closest to a reported nearly entire sequence of a iiia isolate (nor-21) ... | 2007 | 17376556 |
| [changes in the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in korea]. | 2007 | 17380068 | |
| [the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in korea]. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a is associated with socioeconomic and hygiene status. recently, the prevalence of hepatitis a in young adults has been steadily increasing in korea. this study is to investigate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in korea. | 2007 | 17380072 |
| different transmission patterns of hepatitis a virus for two main risk groups as evidenced by molecular cluster analysis. | men who have sex with men and traveling children are the most important risk groups for transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) in amsterdam, the netherlands. between these two risk groups, different hav genotypes are found. in this study the patterns of introduction and transmission of hav were investigated in the two groups. hav sequences from amsterdam patients were divided according to risk: (i) travelers and their contacts, (ii) homosexual men and their contacts. the sequences in each risk ... | 2007 | 17385681 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in a group of portuguese citizens living in lisbon area. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most important cause of acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in portugal, due to improvements in sanitation epidemic outbreaks of hav infection have become less frequent. this report is the first, to our knowledge that characterized hav in portugal. for the detection and molecular characterization of hav cases in a group of portuguese individuals in the lisbon area, 31 serum samples were tested: 8 from symptomatic children from an acute hepatitis a outbreak in a r ... | 2007 | 17387747 |
| genetic analysis of hav strains in tunisia reveals two new antigenic variants. | to evaluate the genetic variability of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates in tunisia, serum samples were collected from 99 patients in different tunisian areas in 2003 containing 92 cases with acute hepatitis, five with severe acute hepatitis and two with fulminant hepatitis. the entire vp1 gene was amplified and sequenced. sequences were then aligned and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. additionally, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the vp1 was determined. the analysis of tunisian hav isolat ... | 2007 | 17393293 |
| optimization of the virus concentration method using polyethyleneimine-conjugated magnetic beads and its application to the detection of human hepatitis a, b and c viruses. | to enhance the sensitivity of virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr), a novel virus concentration method using polyethyleneimine (pei)-conjugated magnetic beads was developed in our previous study. however, several viruses could not be concentrated by this method. in this paper, the conditions of virus concentration were optimized to concentrate a wide range of viruses more efficiently. the pei beads adsorbed viruses more efficiently than other ... | 2007 | 17433454 |
| disruption of innate immunity due to mitochondrial targeting of a picornaviral protease precursor. | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is an essential component of virus-activated signaling pathways that induce protective ifn responses. its localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane suggests an important yet unexplained role for mitochondria in innate immunity. here, we show that hepatitis a virus (hav), a hepatotropic picornavirus, ablates type 1 ifn responses by targeting the 3abc precursor of its 3c(pro) cysteine protease to mitochondria where it colocalizes with and cle ... | 2007 | 17438296 |
| emerging need for vaccination against hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic liver disease in korea. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended for patients with chronic liver disease (cld), but this has been deemed unnecessary in korea since the immunity against hav was almost universal in adults. however, this practice has never been reevaluated with respect to the changing incidence of adult acute hepatitis a. we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 278 patients with acute hepatitis a diagnosed from january 1995 to november 2005 and prospectively tested 419 consecu ... | 2007 | 17449927 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a in st. petersburg, russia, 1997-2003. | the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains circulating in the st. petersburg and karelia regions was studied during 1997-2003. hepatitis a virus rna was isolated from both clinical samples (stools or sera) and environmental samples (sewage water). rt-pcr was carried out using different primer pairs from the vp1/2a and vp1 genomic regions, the variable parts of the hav genome. pcr products were sequenced and 306 nucleotides from the vp1/2a and 332 nucleotides from the vp1 regio ... | 2007 | 17457910 |
| inverse association between t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 and t-bet in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. | it has been suggested that human hepatitis a virus cellular receptor, also known as t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 (tim-1), plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases on the basis of epidemiologic data, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. in a murine model of ovalbumin (ova)-sensitized allergic rhinitis (ar), we examined the expression of tim-1 and its correlation with t helper1-associated transcription factor, t-bet, as a potential mediator of t-cell imm ... | 2007 | 17460580 |
| helicobacter pylori, hepatitis viruses a, c, e, antibodies and hbsag - prevalence and associated risk factors in pediatric communities of karachi. | objective: to document the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies and hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), in the pediatric age group of low socioeconomic urban communities of karachi and to identify risk factors associated with these infections. design: cross-sectional survey. place and duration of study: three selected squatter settlements of karachi during april 2002 to december 2004. patients a ... | 2007 | 17462174 |
| hepatitis a vaccine associated with autoimmune hepatitis. | to describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav). a case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in association with hepatitis a and other hepatotropic viruses. soon after the administration of formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, a man who had recently recovered from an uncharacterized but self-limiting hepatitic illness, experienced a severe deterioration (ast 1687 u/l, inr 1.4). ... | 2007 | 17465509 |
| detection and quantification by real-time rt-pcr of hepatitis a virus from inoculated tap waters, salad vegetables, and soft fruits: characterization of the method performances. | water, salad vegetables and fruits exposed to fecal contamination may cause outbreaks of hepatitis a. a protocol of viral concentration by filtration on electronegative membrane filter and a protocol based on a viral elution in tris-glycine buffer, ph 9.5 with concentration by polyethylene glycol precipitation were associated with real-time, reverse transcriptase-pcr to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) artificially inoculated in 2 l of tap water, or on 25 g of fruits or salad vegetables. these met ... | 2007 | 17490771 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a virus infection caused by food served in a restaurant. | 2007 | 17515658 | |
| codon usage and replicative strategies of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the prototype of genus hepatovirus, has many biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the picornaviridae family. among these it is worth of note the need for an intact eif4g factor for the initiation of translation and thus the inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a similar mechanism as in other picornaviruses. consequently, hav must inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery and this may explain its poor growth ... | 2007 | 17524513 |
| [hepatitis a outbreak in transdanubia (hungary): molecular connections and epidemiological conclusions - 2006]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most important cause of fecally transmitted acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in hungary, beside the sporadic hav infections, outbreaks also occur, particularly in northeast part of the country where the subgenotype ia is endemic. the reported number of hav cases was less than 10 per year in southwest hungary. | 2007 | 17526446 |
| vaccination of newborns against hepatitis a in the presence of maternally derived antibodies. | infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) is a significant cause of childhood disease but effective vaccines are available. naturally acquired anti-hav antibodies ensure transfer of protective immunity which persists for up to 6 months in the newborn. such maternal anti-hav antibodies are able to inhibit the antibody responses in infants vaccinated with inactivated hepatitis a vaccines, although no clinically significant consequences of this are observed. by increasing the number of doses, for exampl ... | 2007 | 17555761 |
| hepatitis a vaccination in chronic liver disease: is it really required in a tropical country like india? | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) has been recommended in patients with chronic liver disease to prevent any decompensation due to superinfection. this may not hold good in high endemic areas for hepatitis a like india. the aim of this study was to find out the seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease and to justify the need for vaccination against hepatitis a virus in these patients. one hundred and thirty three consecutive patients with cirrhosis o ... | 2007 | 17582184 |
| attachment of enteric viruses to bottles. | storage of water that was deliberately contaminated with enteric viruses in polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles led to a rapid decrease of the apparent viral load, thereby hampering the development of samples for a collaborative evaluation of viral detection methods for bottled water. to determine if this decrease was due to spontaneous inactivation or to adhesion, an elution protocol was developed and combined with a rapid and sensitive real-time reverse transcription-pcr-based method to q ... | 2007 | 17586668 |
| genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus protein 2c in sera from patients with fulminant and self-limited hepatitis a. | to examine whether genetic differences in hepatitis a virus (hav) are responsible for the range of clinical severities, we analyzed the hav 2c genome, whose mutations have previously been shown to be important for enhanced replication in cell culture systems and to be related to virulence in simians. | 2007 | 17591082 |
| hepatitis a virus detection in food: current and future prospects. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is responsible for around half of the total number of hepatitis infections diagnosed worldwide. hav infection is mainly propagated via the faecal-oral route and as a consequence of globalisation, transnational outbreaks of foodborne infections are reported with increasing frequency. molecular procedures are now available and should be employed for the direct surveillance of hav in food and environmental samples. | 2007 | 17594452 |
| incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infections among young korean soldiers. | this study was performed to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections in young soldiers in the republic of korea army. from january 2000 through december 2004, a total of 147 hepatitis a cases were reported to the armed forces medical command. the annual incidence rates were 7.4 per 100,000 persons in 2000, 1.6 in 2001, 4.4 in 2002, 9.8 in 2003, and 6.2 in 2004, based on the reported cases among approximately 500,000 soldiers. all patients were males with a ... | 2007 | 17596668 |
| resistance of surface-dried virus to common disinfection procedures. | it is believed that surface-dried viruses can remain infectious and may therefore pose a threat to public health. to help address this issue, we studied 0.1 n naoh and 0.1% hypochlorite for their capacity to inactivate surface-dried lipid-enveloped (le) [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and pseudorabies virus (prv)] and non-lipid-enveloped [nle; canine parvovirus (cpv) and hepatitis a virus (hav)] viruses in a background of either plasma or culture medium. ... | 2007 | 17601636 |
| rapid and real-time detection of hepatitis a virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | a one-step, single tube, real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for detecting sequences of the untranslated region in the genome of hepatitis a virus (hav). the rt-lamp assay reported in this study was very simple and rapid; the hav-specific amplification was obtained in 50 min under isothermal conditions at 62.5 degrees c by employing a set of seven primers. the rnas of three cell-adapted hav strains belonging to different subgenotyp ... | 2007 | 17604128 |
| [hav infection in patients with chronic hepatitis c]. | in most cases, hepatitis a virus (hav) infection causes a self-limiting benign acute hepatitis which confers permanent acquired immunity. however, in patients with pre-existing chronic hepatitis, hav superinfection can cause acute hepatitis with severe progression leading to a fulminant form or linked to the risk of a rapid deterioration of hepatic function. for such a reason, some authors recommend anti-hav vaccination for subjects with hcv-correlated chronic hepatitis before the initiation of ... | 2007 | 17612281 |
| epidemiology of travel-associated and autochthonous hepatitis a in austrian children, 1998 to 2005. | in austria, being an area of low hepatitis a endemicity, every year, several cases of this infectious disease are reported. the aim of the present study was to provide data on disease and hospitalization of children below the age of 15 for imported and autochthonous hepatitis a in austria. | 2007 | 17617847 |
| hepatitis a vaccination coverage among children aged 24-35 months--united states, 2004-2005. | after the licensure of hepatitis a vaccine in 1995 for children aged > or =24 months, the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) incrementally expanded the proportion of children for whom it recommended the vaccine. in 1996, acip recommended vaccinating children in communities that had high rates of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, including american indian/alaska native (ai/an) communities and selected hispanic and religious communities. in 1999, acip extended the recommendation ... | 2007 | 17625495 |
| immunogenic epitopes on the surface of the hepatitis a virus capsid: impact of secondary structure and/or isoelectric point on chimeric virus assembly. | hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 2a has the capacity to harbor and expose a short foreign epitope. the chimeric virus, hav-gp41, bearing seven amino acids of the 2f5 epitope of the hiv glycoprotein gp41, was shown to replicate in cell culture and laboratory animals and to induce a humoral immune response. as an extension of this work, we now investigated the possibility to insert longer epitopes, their impact on genetic stability, and the production of chimeric hav. twenty-seven amino acid residu ... | 2007 | 17640757 |
| marked decrease in the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis a in the basque country, spain, 1986-2004. | the aim of this study was to determine changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the basque country, spain, and to evaluate their implications for vaccination strategies. a total of 1356 persons were enrolled in a study of the prevalence of anti-hav in 2004 and compared with two previous studies (1986-1987 and 1992). the selection method and the characteristics of the population were similar in the three studies. a marked decline in the seroprevalence in all age groups ... | 2007 | 16848926 |
| immunogenicity of a chimeric hepatitis a virus (hav) carrying the hiv gp41 epitope 2f5. | its stable particle structure combined with its high immunogenicity makes the hepatitis a virus (hav) a perfect carrier to expose foreign epitopes to the host immune system. in an earlier report [beneduce, f., kusov, y., klinger, m., gauss-müller, v., morace, g., 2002. chimeric hepatitis a virus particles presenting a foreign epitope (hiv gp41) at their surface. antiviral res. 55, 369-377] chimeric virus-like particles (hav-gp41) were described that carried at their surface the dominant gp41 epi ... | 2007 | 17014915 |
| viral safety of c1-inhibitor nf. | we studied the efficacy of virus reduction by three process steps (polyethylene glycol 4000 (peg) precipitation, pasteurization, and 15nm virus filtration) in the manufacturing of c1-inhibitor nf. the potential prion removing capacity in this process was estimated based on data from the literature. virus studies were performed using hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as relevant viruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and pseudorabies v ... | 2007 | 17071103 |
| procedure for rapid concentration and detection of enteric viruses from berries and vegetables. | several hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nv) outbreaks due to consumption of berries and vegetables have been reported during recent years. to facilitate the detection of enteric viruses that may be present on different fresh and frozen products, we developed a rapid and sensitive detection method for hav, nv, and rotavirus (rv). initial experiments focused on optimizing the composition of the elution buffer, improving the viral concentration method, and evaluating the performance of vario ... | 2007 | 17085706 |
| antibody persistence and immune memory elicited by combined hepatitis a and b vaccination in older adults. | response to hepatitis a and b vaccines has been reported to decline with age. this open, prospective, single-site study examined the long-term response to the combined hepatitis a/b vaccine twinrix in 98 primary responders aged 45-67 years. levels of antibody against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs) were tested 30 months after initial vaccination. at this stage, all participants remained seropositive for anti-hav and 70% for anti-hbs. a booster vaccination was offere ... | 2007 | 17097774 |