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evaluation of multiplexed pcr and liquid-phase array for identification of respiratory fungal pathogens.invasive fungal infections are the cause of serious morbidity and high mortality in immunocompromised patients. early laboratory diagnostic options remain limited; however, rapid detection and accurate identification may improve outcome. herein, multiplexed pcr followed by liquid-phase array was evaluated for detection and identification of common respiratory fungal pathogens, including aspergillus fumigatus, rhizopus microsporus, scedosporium apiospermum and fusarium solani. the limit of detect ...201222435876
synthesis of a new group of aliphatic hydrazide derivatives and the correlations between their molecular structure and biological activity.in view of the growing demand for new compounds showing biological activity against pathogenic microorganisms, such as pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi, the objective of this study was to synthesize a new group of aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of hydrazide. in consequence of the reactions observed during synthesis, the resulting compounds retained their linear structure. their structure and lipophilicity, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), were analyzed. correlat ...201222441334
effects of lactoferricin b against keratitis-associated fungal biofilms.biofilms are considered as the most important developmental characteristics in ocular infections. biofilm eradication is a major challenge today to overcome the incidence of drug resistance. this report demonstrates the in vitro ability of biofilm formation on contact lens by three common keratitis-associated fungal pathogens, namely, aspergillus fumigatus, fusarium solani, and candida albicans. antifungal sensitivity testing performed for both planktonic cells and biofilm revealed the sessile p ...201222410856
functional analysis of fara transcription factor in the regulation of the genes encoding lipolytic enzymes and hydrophobic surface binding protein for the degradation of biodegradable plastics in aspergillus oryzae.fara is a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcription factor which upregulates genes required for growth on fatty acids in filamentous fungi like aspergillus nidulans. fara is also highly similar to the cutinase transcription factor ctf1α of fusarium solani which binds to the cutinase gene promoter in this plant pathogen. this study determines whether fara transcriptional factor also works in the regulation of genes responsible for the production of cutinase for the degradation of a biodegradable plastic, pol ...201222280964
production of antifungal chitinase by aspergillus niger lock 62 and its potential role in the biological control.aspergillus niger lock 62 produces an antifungal chitinase. different sources of chitin in the medium were used to test the production of the chitinase. chitinase production was most effective when colloidal chitin and shrimp shell were used as substrates. the optimum incubation period for chitinase production by aspergillus niger lock 62 was 6 days. the chitinase was purified from the culture medium by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography. the molecular mass of the pu ...201222922773
fruit-specific overexpression of wound-induced tap1 under e8 promoter in tomato confers resistance to fungal pathogens at ripening stage.based on high economic importance and nutritious value of tomato fruits and as previous studies employed e8 promoter in fruit ripening-specific gene expression, we have developed transgenic tomato plants overexpressing tomato anionic peroxidase cdna (tap1) under e8 promoter. stable transgene integration was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern analysis for nptii. northern blotting confirmed elevated tap1 levels in the breaker- and red-ripe stages of t(1) transgenic fruits, w ...201222462603
metabolites from aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus associated with melia azedarach, and their antifungal, antifeedant, and toxic activities.thirty-nine fungal metabolites 1-39, including two new alkaloids, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen tr-2 (6) and 3-hydroxyfumiquinazoline a (16), were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus fumigatus ln-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of melia azedarach. their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments) and by comparison of their nmr data with those reported in the l ...201222409377
streptomycetes and micromycetes as perspective antagonists of fungal phytopathogens.among natural factors that permanently influence on the plants, the soil microorganisms play a special role for the growing of plants as habitants of their rhizosphere. mainly they are the representatives of actinomycetes genus streptomyces and fungal genus penicillium and their metabolic products stimulate plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. the aim of our study was to determine the antagonism of actinomycetes and micromycetes isolated from soils of r. moldova ...201223878981
correlations between root-associated microorganisms and peach replant disease symptoms in a california soil.replant disease often occurs when certain crops are "replanted" in a soil that had previously supported the same or similar plant species. this disease typically leads to reductions in plant growth, crop yields, and production duration, and its etiology remains ill-defined. the objective of this study was to identify microorganisms associated with peach replant disease symptoms at a field location in california, usa. soil samples were subjected to treatments to create various levels of replant d ...201223071565
volatile organic compounds produced by the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10.xanthomonas campestris is a phytopathogenic bacterium and causes many diseases of agricultural relevance. volatiles were shown to be important in inter- and intraorganismic attraction and defense reactions. recently it became apparent that also bacteria emit a plethora of volatiles, which influence other organisms such as invertebrates, plants and fungi. as a first step to study volatile-based bacterial-plant interactions, the emission profile of xanthomonas c. pv. vesicatoria 85-10 was determin ...201222563356
kinetics of fungal extracellular alpha-amylase from fusarium solani immobilized in calcium alginate beads.extracellular alpha-amylase mass produced by fusarium solani using mango kernel as substrate was immobilized in calcium alginate beads through entrapment technique. maximum enzyme immobilization efficiency was achieved in 2 mm size beads formed by 6.5% (w/v) of sodium alginate in 2% (w/v) calcium chloride. the catalytic properties of the immobilized alpha-amylase were compared with that of free enzyme (soluble). the activity yield of the immobilized enzyme was 81% of the free enzyme. the immobil ...201223741795
age-dependent distribution of fungal endophytes in panax ginseng roots cultivated in korea.fungal endophytes were isolated from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old ginseng roots (panax ginseng meyer) cultivated in korea. the isolated fungal endophytes were identified based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and morphological characterization by microscopic observations. a total of 81 fungal endophytes were isolated from 24 ginseng roots. fungal endophytes were classified into 9 different fungal species and 2 unknown species. ginseng roots that were 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-years ...201223717135
diversity of fungal endophytes in various tissues of panax ginseng meyer cultivated in korea.endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues (root, stem, petiole, leaf, and fl ower stalk) of 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants (panax ginseng meyer) cultivated in korea. the isolated endophytic fungi were identified based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its), 1-5.8-its 2. a morphological characterization was also conducted using microscopic observations. according to the identification, 127 fungal isolates were assigned to 27 taxa. the genera of phoma, altern ...201223717122
molecular analysis and anticancer properties of two identified isolates, fusarium solani and emericella nidulans isolated from wady el-natron soil in egypt against caco-2 (atcc) cell line.to characterize, identify and investigate the anticancer properties of two new soil fungal isolates, emericella nidulans and fusarium solani isolated from wady el-natron in egypt against colon cancer caco-2 (atcc) cell line.201223569862
in vitro susceptibility of filamentous fungi to copper nanoparticles assessed by rapid xtt colorimetry and agar dilution method.metal nanoparticles and their uses in various aspects have recently drawn a great deal of attention. one of the major applications is that it can be used as an antimicrobial agent. they can be considered in approaches targeted to decrease the harms caused by microorganisms, specifically fungi, threatening the medical and industrial areas. the aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of synthesized copper nanoparticles (cunps) against four filamentous fungi including alternari ...201223518166
nuclease released by verticillium dahliae is a signal for non-host resistance.a dnase released from the fungal pathogen of bean, fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (fsph), was previously shown to signal the activation of total disease resistance and activate pathogenesis-related (pr) genes in pea. data in the current study which used the pea-endocarp model to research non-host resistance, indicated that dnase released by verticillium dahliae (vd), pathogenic on potato also has non-host resistance-inducing capabilities in peas. other strains of vd that release dnase are patho ...201223352407
antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude plant extracts from colombian biodiversity.on a global scale, people have used plants to treat diseases and infections, and this has raised interest on the plant biodiversity potencial in the search of antimicrobial principles. in this work, 75 crude n-hexanes, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the aerial parts of 25 plants belonging to four botanical families (asteraceae, euphorbiaceae, rubiaceae and solanaceae), collected at the natural regional park ucumari (risaralda, colombia), were evaluated for their antibacterial and ant ...201223342508
design, spectral characterization and biological studies of transition metal(ii) complexes with triazole schiff bases.a new series of three biologically active triazole derived schiff base ligands l(1)-l(3) have been synthesized in equimolar reaction of 3-amino-1h-1,2,4-triazole with pyrrol-2-carboxaldehyde, 4-bromo-thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, and 5-iodo-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde. the prepared schiff bases were used for further complex formation reaction with different metal elements like co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) as chlorides by using a molar ratio of ligand:metal as 2:1. the structure and bonding nature ...201223277183
studies on a rhein-producing endophytic fungus isolated from rheum palmatum l.rheum palmatum l. (chinese rhubarb) is a highly regarded medicinal plant. its dominant active constituents are anthraquinones including emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, etc. rhein naturally occurs in anthraquinone (1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl anthraquinone), which is found in r. palmatum l. and related plants such as rhubarb. it has good antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and hemostatic properties. in this study, a total of 14 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from r. pal ...201223266728
A New Method for Evaluation of Compatibility of Contact Lenses and Lens Cases With Contact Lens Disinfecting Solutions.PURPOSE:: The purpose of this article is to describe new methodology, antimicrobial efficacy endpoint methodology to determine compatibility of contact lens solutions, lens cases and hydrogel lenses for disinfection (AEEMC), to evaluate the effect of a contact lens and a lens case on disinfection efficacy, and to present the ring test used to justify the use of the method in multiple laboratories. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A prototype solution containing chlorhexidine as the disinfecting agent and ...201222178791
comparative analysis of fusarium mitochondrial genomes reveals a highly variable region that encodes an exceptionally large open reading frame.the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of fusarium verticillioides, fusarium solani and fusarium graminearum were annotated and found to be 53.7, 63.0 and 95.7kb in length, respectively. the genomes encode all genes typically associated with mtdnas of filamentous fungi yet are considerably larger than the mt genome of f. oxysporum. size differences are largely due to the number of group i introns. surprisingly, the genomes contain a highly variable region of 7-9kb that encodes an exceptionally large, un ...201122178648
deep granulomatous dermatitis of the fin caused by fusarium solani in a false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens).a 10-year-old female false killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) developed skin lesions in the left breast fin. histopathologically, the lesions consisted of multiple granulomas spread diffusely into the deep dermis and bone; characteristically, each granuloma has septate, branching fungal hyphae and chlamydospores surrounded by eosinophilic splendore-hoeppli materials. macrophages, epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells in the granulomas reacted mainly to anti-sra-e5 antibody against hu ...201122214860
endophytic fungal flora from roots and fruits of an indian neem plant azadirachta indica a. juss., and impact of culture media on their isolation.azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), native to india, is well known worldwide for its insecticidal and ethanopharmacological properties. although endophytic microbes are known from this plant as only leaves and stems were the subjects of past reports. now, a variety of procedures and a number of different media were used to isolate the maximum number of endophytic fungi from unripe fruits and roots. a total of 272 isolates of 29 filamentous fungal taxa were isolated at rate of 68.0% from 400 samp ...201123024409
phylogenomic and functional domain analysis of polyketide synthases in fusarium.fusarium species are ubiquitous in nature, cause a range of plant diseases, and produce a variety of chemicals often referred to as secondary metabolites. although some fungal secondary metabolites affect plant growth or protect plants from other fungi and bacteria, their presence in grain-based food and feed is more often associated with a variety of diseases in plants and in animals. many of these structurally diverse metabolites are derived from a family of related enzymes called polyketide s ...201122289777
preparation and characterization of dispersible chitosan particles with borate crosslinking and their antimicrobial and antifungal activity.we synthesized new dispersive chitosan particles at circumneutral ph. particles composed of a chitosan-borate complex were synthesized by a method consisting of two simple steps: mixture and dialysis. as this method does not employ reagents such as organic solvents or surface-active agents and does not require heat treatment, it has a minimal negative impact on the environment. crosslinking of the reaction of glucose and boric acid at ordinary temperature and pressure led to the formation of com ...201122261277
inhibitory effects of essential oils of medicinal plants from growth of plant pathogenic fungi.plant cells produce a vast amount of secondary metabolites. production of some compounds is restricted to a single species. some compounds are nearly always found only in certain specific plant organs and during a specific developmental period of the plant. some secondary metabolites of plants serve as defensive compounds against invading microorganisms. nowadays, it is attempted to substitute the biological and natural agents with chemically synthesized fungicides. in the present research, the ...201122702190
experimental model of fusarium solani keratitis in rats.to establish a repeatable rat model of fusarium solani keratitis (f. solani keratitis) that mimicked fungal keratitis in humans.201122553683
effects of cox-2 inhibitor ns-398 on il-10 expression in rat fungal keratitis.to investigate the expression of interleukin-10 (il-10) and the effect of ns-398(cox-2 inhibitor) on the expression of il-10 in fungal keratitis in rats, and analyze its effects on anti-fungus immunity.201122553634
[mycetoma caused by fusarium solani]. 201121367408
accurate and practical identification of 20 fusarium species by seven-locus sequence analysis and reverse line blot hybridization, and an in vitro antifungal susceptibility study.eleven reference and 25 clinical isolates of fusarium were subject to multilocus dna sequence analysis to determine the species and haplotypes of the fusarial isolates from beijing and shandong, china. seven loci were analyzed: the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (ef-1+¦); the nuclear rrna internal transcribed spacer (its), large subunit (lsu), and intergenic spacer (igs) regions; the second largest subunit of the rna polymerase gene (rpb2); the calmodulin gene (cam); and the mitochon ...201121389150
antimicrobial efficacy of multi-purpose contact lens disinfectant solutions following evaporation.non-compliance is a significant factor in contact lens related microbial keratitis and includes solution reuse and failure to recap the lens storage case resulting in evaporation effects. to address this, impact of partial evaporation on the antimicrobial efficacy of multipurpose contact lens care solutions was investigated.201121393050
effect of bromine oxidation on high-performance thin-layer chromatography multi-enzyme inhibition assay detection of organophosphates and carbamate insecticides.following high-performance thin-layer chromatography, thiophosphate pesticides, which inhibit choline esterases, are detectable using a multi-enzyme inhibition assay (hptlc-ei) based on rabbit liver esterase (rle), bacillus subtilis (bs2) esterase, or cutinase (from fusarium solani pisi). because choline esterase inhibition is more effective after conversion of thiophosphate thions into their corresponding oxons, a pre-oxidation step was added to the hptlc-ei assay. bromine vapour was found to b ...201121397236
activation of focal adhesion kinase enhances the adhesion of fusarium solani to human corneal epithelial cells via the tyrosine-specific protein kinase signaling pathway.to determine the role of the integrin-fak signaling pathway triggered by the adherence of f. solani to human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs).201121403855
antibacterial effects of enniatins j(1) and j(3) on pathogenic and lactic acid bacteria.enniatins (ens) are n-methylated cyclohexadepsipeptides, secondary metabolites produced by various species of the genus fusarium. they are known to act as antifungal, antiyeast and antibacterial and to possess antiinsecticidal and phytotoxic properties. in this study we evaluated for the first time the antibiotic effect of pure fractions of en j(1) and j(3) on several pathogenic strains and lactic acid bacteria. the ens j(1) and j(3) were purified from the fermentation extract of fusarium solani ...201121742008
in vitro antifungal activity of e1210, a novel antifungal, against clinically important yeasts and moulds.e1210 is a new antifungal compound with a novel mechanism of action and broad-spectrum of antifungal activity. we investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of e1210 compared to that of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, and micafungin against clinical fungal isolates. e1210 showed potent activity against most candida spp. (mic(90) of ôëñ0.008 to 0.06 ++g/ml) except for candida krusei (mics of 2 to >32 ++g/ml). e1210 showed equally potent activity against fluconazole-res ...201121825291
identification and comparison of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation.cutinases have been exploited for a broad range of reactions, from hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble esters to polymer synthesis. to further expand the biotechnological applications of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation, we perform a comparative activity and stability analysis of five cutinases from alternaria brassicicola (abc), aspergillus fumigatus (afc), aspergillus oryzae (aoc), humicola insolens (hic), and the well-characterized fusarium solani (fsc). of the cutinases, hic dem ...201121713515
extracellular xylanase production by fusarium species in solid state fermentation.fusarium sp. has been shown to be a promising organism for enhanced production of xylanases. in the present study, xylanase production by 21 fusarium sp. isolates (8 fusarium culmorum, 4 fusarium solani, 6 fusarium verticillioides and 3 fusarium equiseti) was evaluated under solid state fermentation (ssf). the fungal isolate fusarium solani syrn7 was the best xylanase producer among the tested isolates. the effects of some agriculture wastes (like wheat straw, wheat bran, beet pulp and cotton se ...201122184927
Alpha2-macroglobulin from an Atlantic shrimp: biochemical characterization, sub-cellular localization and gene expression upon fungal challenge.In this study, we report on the isolation and characterization of an alpha2-macroglobulin (a2M) from the plasma of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis, its sub-cellular localization and transcriptional changes after infection by fungi. The molecular mass of the a2M was estimated at 389 kDa by gel filtration and 197 kDa by SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, suggesting that a2M from F. paulensis consists of two identical sub-units, covalently linked by disulphide bonds. The N-terminal amin ...201121888978
[Identification of soil-borne fungi using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy].Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate statistic analysis for identification of soil-borne fungi that causes severe economic damage to agriculture: Fusarium monili forme, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. The original FTIR spectra were normalized, and the second derivatives were calculated, from ...201122007392
the in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of marrubium vulgare l. essential oil grown in tunisia.in order to validate its antiseptic and anticancer properties with respect to traditional uses, we have screened for the first time the antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of m. vulgare l. essential oil against different pathogenic microorganisms and the cytotoxic activity against hela cell lines.201121936887
fungal endophthalmitis.fungal endophthalmitis (fe) is infrequent but results in poor visual outcomes. it can be exogenous or endogenous depending upon the mode of infection. the common causes for endogenous fe, post-traumatic fe and fe secondary to keratitis are candida albicans, aspergillus niger and fusarium solani, respectively. clinical features depend on the virulence of the organism and the mode of infection. broad-spectrum systemic antifungal therapy with or without intravitreal antifungal drugs is recommended. ...201122114969
performance of innovative pu-foam and natural fiber-based composites for the biofiltration of a mixture of volatile organic compounds by a fungal biofilm.the performance of perlite and two innovative carriers that consist of polyurethane (pu) chemically modified with starch; and polypropylene reinforced with agave fibers was evaluated in the biofiltration of a mixture of vocs composed of hexane, toluene and methyl-ethyl-ketone. at a total organic loading rate of 145gcm(-3)h(-1) the elimination capacities (ecs) obtained were 145, 24 and 96gcm(-3)h(-1) for the biofilters packed with the pu, the reinforced polypropylene, and perlite, respectively. s ...201122178276
successful treatment of disseminated fusariosis with voriconazole in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patient.fusarium species are actually the second most common pathogenic mould in immunocompromised patients, and it is difficult to treat such fusarial infections with current antifungal agents. we report the case of a 53-year-old woman with philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. during induction chemotherapy with febrile neutropenia, she developed a disseminated fusariosis, with persistent fever refractory to antibacterial agents and caspofungin (as empirical therapy), painful skin lesion ...201122126523
a novel antifungal protein from seeds of sesbania virgata (cav.) pers. (leguminosae-faboideae).a novel antifungal protein with a molecular mass around 50 kda was purified from seeds of sesbania virgata (cav.) pers. using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by gel filtration on a sephadex g-75 superfine (sigma) column and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a c8 column. the protein, designated fp1-a, with a novel n-terminal sequence amvhspgg(s)fs(p), showed growth inhibitory activity of filamentous fungi aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, colletotrichu ...201121881792
evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi.invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ...201121880976
four plant defensins from an indigenous south african brassicaceae species display divergent activities against two test pathogens despite high sequence similarity in the encoding genes.abstract:201122032337
detection of invasive infection caused by fusarium solani and non-fusarium solani species using a duplex quantitative pcr-based assay in a murine model of fusariosis.a duplex real time pcr (rt-pcr) assay for detecting dna of members of the genus fusarium has been developed and validated by using two mouse models of invasive infection. the duplex rt-pcr technique employed two specific molecular beacon probes targeting a highly conserved region of the fungal rdna gene. this technique showed a detection limit of 10 fg dna per μl of sample and a specificity of 100%. the sensitivity in a total of 48 samples from a murine model of fusarium solani infection was 93. ...201121905946
Supercritical carbon dioxide biocatalysis as a novel and green methodology for the enzymatic acylation of fibrous cellulose in one step.Aliphatic esters of cellulose have recently raised the interest on the field of biopolymers. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for the enzymatic acylation of cellulose with long chain fatty groups in one step. Therefore we designed a system at which fibrous cellulose was enzymatically acylated with vinyl laurate in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) and as a result cellulose laurate was formed. The biocatalysts used for this reaction were immobilized lipase Candida antar ...201122014705
Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic, magnetic, theoretical, and microbiological studies of a nickel(II) complex of L-tyrosine and imidazole, [Ni(Im)2(L-tyr)2]·4H2O.The [Ni(Im)(2)(L-tyr)(2)]·4H(2)O (1) complex was obtained in crystalline form as a product of interaction of L-tyrosine sodium salt, imidazole, and NiSO(4). The X-ray structure was determined, and the spectral (IR, FIR, NIR-vis-UV, HF EPR) and magnetic properties were studied. The Ni(2+) ion is hexacoordinated by the N and O atoms from two L-tyrosine molecules and by two N atoms of imidazole, resulting in a slightly distorted octahedral [NiN(2)N(2)'O(2)] geometry with a tetragonality parameter T ...201122010795
Resistant Fusarium Keratitis Progressing to Endophthalmitis.OBJECTIVE:: To report a case of multidrug-resistant Fusarium sp keratitis that progressed to endophthalmitis and that eventually required enucleation. METHODS:: Case report and literature review. Isolate identification and susceptibility testing were performed by the Fungus Testing Laboratory at San Antonio, TX. RESULTS:: A 52-year-old soft contact lens wearer had a corneal abrasion and developed a corneal infiltrate. Examination of corneal scrapings revealed filamentous hyphae with septation an ...201121993589
stacking of antimicrobial genes in potato transgenic plants confers increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens.solanum tuberosum plants were transformed with three genetic constructions expressing the nicotiana tabacum ap24 osmotine, phyllomedusa sauvagii dermaseptin and gallus gallus lysozyme, and with a double-transgene construction expressing the ap24 and lysozyme sequences. re-transformation of dermaseptin-transformed plants with the ap24/lysozyme construction allowed selection of plants simultaneously expressing the three transgenes. potato lines expressing individual transgenes or double- and tripl ...201122115953
Treatment of Fungal Keratitis From Fusarium Infection by Corneal Cross-Linking.PURPOSE:: To evaluate the efficacy of corneal cross-linking (CXL) (riboflavin-UV-A) as a simple therapy in Fusarium keratitis. METHODS:: Twenty-four rabbits were systemically anesthetized, and the stromata of their right corneas were inoculated with Fusarium solani [10 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter]. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups: one was treated with CXL 72 hours after infection and the other did not receive any treatment (control). All eyes in both the groups were examined bef ...201122081155
in vitro efficacy of a povidone-iodine 0.4% and dexamethasone 0.1% suspension against ocular pathogens.to assess the efficacy of a povidone-iodine 0.4%-dexamethasone 0.1% suspension against bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba clinical isolates.201121420603
characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for control of phytopathogenic fungi of tomato.fluorescent pseudomonas spp., isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato and pepper plants, were evaluated in vitro as potential antagonists of fungal pathogens. strains were characterized using the api 20ne biochemical system, and tested against the causal agents of stem canker and leaf blight (alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.), and root rot (fusarium solani). to this end, dual culture antagonism assays were carried out on 25% tryptic soy agar, k ...201121507555
[mycetomas diagnosed in senegal from 2008 to 2010].mycetomas are inflammatory pseudotumours of subcutaneous and possibly osseous soft fabrics, generally polyfistulas with chronic mode of evolution.201124451559
biocidal efficacy of silver-impregnated contact lens storage cases in vitro.silver-impregnated contact lens (cl) storage cases are designed to reduce microbial contamination during use, but there are limited data on their effectiveness. this study evaluated early antimicrobial activity of silver-impregnated cl cases and silver-release characteristics in vitro.201120720221
effect of biofumigation with manure amendments and repeated biosolarization on fusarium densities in pepper crops.in the region of murcia (southeast spain), sweet pepper has been grown as a monoculture in greenhouses for many years. until 2005, when it was banned, soils were disinfested with methyl bromide (mb) to control pathogens and to prevent soil fatigue effects. the genus fusarium plays an important role in the microbiological component associated with yield decline in pepper monocultures. in the present study, soils were treated with manure amendments, alone (biofumigation, b) or in combination with ...201120820866
solar disinfection of fungal spores in water aided by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.our previous contribution showed that fusarium solani spores are inactivated by low amounts of hydrogen peroxide (lower than 50 mg l(-1)) together with solar irradiation in bottles. the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of solar h(2)o(2)/uv-vis in distilled water and simulated municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (se) contaminated with chlamydospores of fusarium equiseti in a 60 l solar cpc photo-reactor under solar irradiation. this study showed that f. equ ...201120859602
in vivo confocal microscopy of equine fungal keratitis.to describe in vivo corneal confocal microscopy of horses with fungal keratitis and correlate findings with clinical, histopathological, and microbiological evaluations of clinical cases and an ex vivo experimental equine fungal keratitis model.201121199274
a photopolymerized antimicrobial hydrogel coating derived from epsilon-poly-l-lysine.hydrogels made from epsilon-poly-l-lysine-graft-methacrylamide (epl-ma) have been found to have impressive wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria (specifically escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (specifically candida albicans and fusarium solani). the epl-ma hydrogel also possesses in vitro biocompatibility and epl-ma solution is relatively non-hemolytic: the concentration needed for onset of human red blood cell ...201121257199
pathogenic spectrum of fungal keratitis and specific identification of fusarium solani.to investigate the predominant causative pathogens and epidemiologic features of fungal keratitis and establish a rapid, specific molecular method to detect fungal keratitis caused by fusarium solani.201121273551
performance of a cutinase membrane reactor for the production of biodiesel in organic media.the enzymatic transesterification of oils with an alcohol, using recombinant cutinase of fusarium solani pisi microencapsulated in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (aot)/isooctane reversed micelles, was performed in a membrane bioreactor (mbr). a tubular ceramic membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut off of 15,000 da was used to retain the enzyme, and characterized in terms of rejection coefficients of the reaction components by transmission experiments. the performance of the mbr i ...201121290382
evaluations of shorter exposures of contact lens cleaning solutions against fusarium oxysporum species complex and fusarium solani species complex to simulate inappropriate usage.an outbreak of fusarium keratitis in contact lens users resulted in withdrawal of renu with moistureloc solution, although the exact cause of the outbreak remains enigmatic. we evaluated current and discontinued multipurpose cleaning solutions (mpss; moistureloc, equate, multiplus, and optifree express) against plankton- and biofilm-derived cells of fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) and f. solani species complex (fssc). the methods included a traditional assay based on cfu counts and a n ...201121300826
endophthalmitis as primary clinical manifestation of fatal fusariosis in an allogeneic stem cell recipient.the occurrence of infections due to previously rare opportunistic pathogens is increasing despite the use of novel treatment strategies for immunocompromised patients. here, we report the case of a patient presenting with fever, muscle pain, and bilateral endophthalmitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. fusarium solani was isolated from peripheral blood samples and identified as the cause of gradual bilateral vision loss, despite appropriate antifungal prophylaxis, and t ...201121324055
simultaneous detection and identification of aspergillus and mucorales species in tissues collected from patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.rapid detection and differentiation of aspergillus and mucorales species in fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis are desirable, since the clinical management and prognosis associated with the two taxa are fundamentally different. we describe an assay based on a combination of broad-range pcr amplification and reverse line blot hybridization (pcr/rlb) to detect and differentiate the pathogens causing fungal rhinosinusitis, which include five aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. t ...201121325541
osmotin purified from the latex of calotropis procera: biochemical characterization, biological activity and role in plant defense.a protein, similar to osmotin- and thaumatin-like proteins, was purified from calotropis procera (ait.) r.br latex. the isolation procedure required two cation exchange chromatography steps on 50mm na-acetate buffer (ph 5.0) cm-sepharose fast flow and 25 mm na-phosphate buffer (ph 6.0) resource-s, respectively. the protein purity was confirmed by an unique n-terminal sequence [atftirnncpytiwaaavpgggrrlnsggtwtinvapgta]. the osmotin (cposm) appeared as a single band (20,100 da) in sodium dodecyl s ...201121334906
glyceollin, a soybean phytoalexin with medicinal properties.this review covers the biosynthesis of glyceollin and its biological activities including antiproliferative/antitumor action (toward b16 melanoma cells, lncap prostate cancer cells, and bg-1 ovarian cancer cells), anti-estrogenic action (through estrogen receptors a- and ß-), antibacterial action (toward erwinia carotovora, escherichia coli, bradyrhizobium japonicum, sinorhizobium fredii ), antinematode activity, and antifungal activity (toward fusarium solani, phakospora pachyrhizi, diaporthe p ...201121336922
[clinical and mycological evaluation of onychomycosis among brazilian hiv/aids patients].onychomycosis is common in immunocompromised patients, but emerging species have been verified, thereby modifying the epidemiological profile of this mycosis. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and mycological profile of onychomycosis among hiv/aids patients.201121340406
effect of artificial reconstitution of the interaction between the plant camptotheca acuminata and the fungal endophyte fusarium solani on camptothecin biosynthesis.fungal endophytes inhabit healthy tissues of all terrestrial plant taxa studied and occasionally produce host-specific compounds. we recently isolated an endophytic fungus, fusarium solani, from camptotheca acuminata, capable of biosynthesizing camptothecin (cpt, 1), but this capability substantially decreased on repeated subculturing. the endophyte with an impaired 1 biosynthetic capability was artificially inoculated into the living host plants and then recovered after colonization. although t ...201121348469
synthesis, characterization and biological studies of sulfonamide schiff's bases and some of their metal derivatives.a new series of schiff base ligands derived from sulfonamide and their metal(ii) complexes [cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii)] have been synthesized and characterized. the nature of bonding and structure of all the synthesized compounds has been explored by physical, analytical and spectral data of the ligands and their metal(ii) complexes. the authors suggest that all the prepared complexes possess an octahedral geometry. the ligands and metal(ii) complexes have been screened for ...201121534864
antifungal properties of wheat histones (h1-h4) and purified wheat histone h1.wheat ( triticum spp.) histones h1, h2, h3, and h4 were extracted, and h1 was further purified. the effect of these histones on specific fungi that may or may not be pathogenic to wheat was determined. these fungi included aspergillus flavus , aspergillus fumigatus , aspergillus niger , fusarium oxysporum , fusarium verticillioides , fusarium solani , fusarium graminearum , penicillium digitatum , penicillium italicum , and greeneria uvicola . non-germinated and germinating conidia of these fung ...201121595494
olecranon bursa with fusarium solani infection in an otherwise healthy patient. 201121605189
importance of rub and rinse in use of multipurpose contact lens solution.purpose.: the introduction of contact lens multipurpose disinfection solution (mpds) that can be used in conjunction with a "no-rub" regimen has simplified lens care requirements. once adhered to a surface, microorganisms can become less susceptible to disinfection. the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of various regimen steps on the efficacy of mpds when used with silicone hydrogel and conventional lenses. methods.: commercially available mpdss containing polyquad or polyhexamethylen ...201121623253
an outbreak of fusarium solani endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an eye training and research hospital in istanbul.to report an outbreak of fusarium solani endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgeries performed on the same day in the same operating room. nine patients underwent phacoemulsification at 4th clinic of beyoglu eye training and research hospital in istanbul. cefuroxime axetyl was injected intracamerally from the same vial to all patients at the end of surgery. all patients developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis. presentation, cultural studies, treatment, clinical responses and risk f ...201121627695
synthesis, characterization and biological properties of thienyl derived triazole schiff bases and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes.a new series of biologically active thienyl derived triazole schiff bases and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of physical (m.p., magnetic susceptibility and conductivity), spectral (ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr, electronic and mass spectrometry) and microanalytical data. all the schiff base ligands and their oxovanadium(iv) complexes have been subjected to in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, shigella flexner ...201121635212
[antagonism of trichoderma spp. to fungi caused root rot of sophora tonkinensis].to study the antagonism of trichoderma spp. to fungi s9(fusarium solani)which caused root rot of sophora tonkinensis and discuss the further develop prospects of microbial biological control in soil-borne diseases on chinese herbal medicines.201121809533
osmotin from calotropis procera latex: new insights into structure and antifungal properties.this study aimed at investigating the structural properties and mechanisms of the antifungal action of cposm, a purified osmotin from calotropis procera latex. fluorescence and cd assays revealed that the cposm structure is highly stable, regardless of ph levels. accordingly, cposm inhibited the spore germination of fusarium solani in all ph ranges tested. the content of the secondary structure of cposm was estimated as follows: a-helix (20%), ß-sheet (33%), turned (19%) and unordered (28%), rms ...201121798235
efficacy of oral e1210, a new broad-spectrum antifungal with a novel mechanism of action, in murine models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and fusariosis.e1210 is a first-in-class, broad-spectrum antifungal with a novel mechanism of action - inhibition of fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. in this study, the efficacies of e1210 and reference antifungals were evaluated in murine models of oropharyngeal and disseminated candidiasis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and disseminated fusariosis. oral e1210 demonstrated dose dependent efficacy in these infections caused by candida species, aspergillus spp. and fusarium solani. in the treatment ...201121788462
fusarium soloni mycetoma.a young apparently healthy, non-diabetic, hiv non-reactive woman presented with a mycetoma-like lesion on right buttock. discharge was scanty, and mycotic grains were not seen. biopsy of sinus track was obtained for microscopy and culture. microscopic examination revealed plenty of fungal hyphae in direct microscopic examination of grounded tissues in saline; koh, gram's, and h and e-stained smears. all the three inoculated slants of sabouraud's media yielded heavy growth of fusarium solani. pre ...201121772597
amphotericin b and voriconazole susceptibility profiles for the fusarium solani species complex: comparison between the e-test and clsi m38-a2 microdilution methodology. 201121744037
[mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on siraitia grosvenorii].to study the mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on siraitia grosvenorii,the result can provide basis for controltion.201121818963
epidemiological and clinico-mycological profile of fungal wound infection from largest burn centre in asia.the current study was conducted to know the incidence, predisposing factors, spectrum, clinical profile and antifungal susceptibility (afs) of fungal wound infection (fwi) in burn patients. of a total of 71 patients, 20 (28.2%) emerged with the diagnosis of fwi. fungal pathogens in this study were candida tropicalis (14%), candida parapsilosis (5.6%), aspergillus niger (2.8%) and one each of candida albicans (1.4%), candida glabrata (1.4%), syncephalestrum (1.4%) and fusarium solani (1.4%). all ...201121740469
novel microbial transformation of resibufogenin by fusarium solani.in this paper, microbial transformation of resibufogenin by fusarium solani as 3.1829 was investigated, and five transformed products were isolated and identified as 3-ketone-resibufogenin (2), 3-one-cyclic 3-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediylacetal)-resibufogenin (3), 3-dimethoxyl-resibufogenin (4), 3-epi-resibufogenin (5), and 3-epi-15+¦-hydroxy-7+¦h-bufalin (6), respectively. among them, 3, 4, and 6 are new compounds, and the rare double oxidization of c-3 was reported. in addition, the cytotoxicit ...201121830888
expression of innate and adaptive immune mediators in human corneal tissue infected with aspergillus or fusarium.background.ôçâfilamentous fungi of the genera aspergillus and fusarium are major causes of corneal ulcers in the united states and in the developing world and result in significant visual impairment and blindness. methods.ôçârna was extracted from 110 patients with corneal ulcers in southern india within 1 week of infection with either fusarium solani or aspergillus flavus, and gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. posttransplant corneas from later stage disea ...201121828275
kinetics and mechanism of the cutinase-catalyzed transesterification of oils in aot reversed micellar system.the kinetics of the enzymatic transesterification between a mixture of triglycerides (oils) and methanol for biodiesel production in a bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (aot)/isooctane reversed micellar system, using recombinant cutinase from fusarium solani pisi as a catalyst, was investigated. in order to describe the results that were obtained, a mechanistic scheme was proposed, based on the literature and on the experimental data. this scheme includes the following reaction steps: the ...201121739170
the synthetic strigolactone gr24 influences the growth pattern of phytopathogenic fungi.strigolactones that are released by plant roots to the rhizosphere are involved in both plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and in plant infection by root parasitic plants. in this paper, we describe the response of various phytopathogenic fungi to the synthetic strigolactone gr24. when gr24 was embedded in the growth medium, it inhibited the growth of the root pathogens fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, fusarium solani f. sp. mango, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and macrophomina phase ...201121688170
new species from the fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the old world tropics.abstract: a large collection of strains belonging to the fusarium solani species complex (fssc) was isolated from soil and perithecia in primary forests in sri lanka (from fallen tree bark) and tropical australia (queensland, from fallen tree fruits and nuts). portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, the nuclear large subunit (nlsu), and internal transcribed spacer regions (its) of the nuclear ribosomal rna genes were sequenced in 52 isolates from soil and perithecia. t ...201121700636
mycotic corneal ulcers in upper assam.purpose : to study the association of various risk factors and epidemiological variables of mycotic keratitis treated at a tertiary referral hospital of upper assam. materials and methods: in this hospital-based prospective study a total of 310 consecutive corneal ulcer cases attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of assam medical college were enrolled between april 2007 and march 2009. after clinical and slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination in all suspected cases, smears and culture ...201121836342
fusarium solani onychomycosis of the thumbnail coinfected with pseudomonas aeruginosa: report of two cases.fusarium species are non-dermatophytic moulds, which are commonly known soil saprophytes and important plant pathogens, and have been frequently reported to be aetiological agents of opportunistic infections in humans. the prevalence of onychomycosis caused by fusarium species varies in the literature because of geographical differences in mould distribution and diagnostic methods. onychomycosis caused by fusarium species is considered rare in korea, and only four cases have been described to da ...201119751392
diversity of microfungi in sandy beach soil of teluk aling, pulau pinang.a total of 82 isolates of microfungi were isolated from 6 sandy soil samples collected from teluk aling beach, pulau pinang. the soil microfungi were isolated by using direct isolation, debris isolation and soil dilution techniques. based on morphological characteristics, seven genera of microfungi were identified namely, fusarium (42%), aspergillus (24%), trichoderma (13%), curvularia (9%), colletotrichum (6%), helminthosporium (4%) and penicillium (2%). the most common species isolated was fus ...201124575210
molecular characterization of pathogenic fusarium species in cucurbit plants from kermanshah province, iran.fusarium is one of the important phytopathogenic genera of microfungi causing serious losses on cucurbit plants in kermanshah province, the largest area of cucurbits plantation in iran. therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing fusarium spp. from infected cucurbit plants, to ascertain their pathogenicity, and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. a total of 100 fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased cucurbit plants collected from fields ...201123961146
[severe keratomycosis due to fusarium solani induced by a telluric foreign body: about a case in moroccan sahara].we report a case of severe keratitis due to fusarium solani in a young man in the sahara in morocco where the climate is arid. this patient reported had a grain of sand in his right eye for a week after a sandstorm. on admission he had a corneal abscess. despite rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment with available antifungal drugs: amphotericin b and natamycin eye drops, the prognosis worsened and led to the enucleation of the right eye. faced with a suspected eye infection after a microtr ...201124451564
a new furoquinoline alkaloid with antifungal activity from the leaves of ruta chalepensis l.bioassay-guided separation with an eye toward antifungal activity led to the isolation of the new alkaloid 5-(1̀,1̀-dimethylallyl)-8-hydroxyfuro[2-3-b] quinoline (1) and the known biscoumarin daphnoretin (2) as the active constituents of the chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of ruta chalepensis. the structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectral characteristics (nmr, uv, and ms) and were compared with the literature. the antifungal activity of the isolated ...201022491304
characterization of bacillus isolates of potato rhizosphere from andean soils of peru and their potential pgpr characteristics.bacillus spp. are well known rhizosphere residents of many crops and usually show plant growth promoting (pgp) activities that include biocontrol capacity against some phytopatogenic fungi. potato crops in the andean highlands of peru face many nutritional and phytophatogenic problems that have a significant impact on production. in this context is important to investigate the natural presence of these microorganisms in the potato rhizosphere and propose a selective screening to find promising p ...201024031569
in vitro antagonism of cotton seedlings fungi and characterization of chitinase isozyme activities in trichoderma harzianum.the antagonistic fungus trichoderma harzianum is widely recognized as a potential biocontrol agent against several soil-borne plant pathogens. t. harzinum is rich source of chitinoltic enzymes. in vitro screening of 5 isolates of t. harzinum, one isolate of chaetomium globosum and one isolate of conetherium mentance, revealed that all of them had reduced growth area of macrophomina phaseolina, fusarium solani and rhizoctonia solani on pda medium, significantly. the inhibition percentage ranged f ...201023961072
pr-1, a novel antifungal protein from pumpkin rinds.a novel antifungal protein, m(r) = ca. 40 kda, was isolated from pumpkin rind and designated pr-1. when purified by anion exchange chromatography and hplc, it inhibited growth of several fungi including botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani and rhizoctonia solani, as well as the yeast, candida albicans, at 10-20 microm. it did not inhibit growth of escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus even at 200 microm. laser scanning microscopy of fungal cells exposed to rhodamine-labeled ...201019760117
steady state and time resolved fluorescence quenching and chemical modification studies of a lectin from endophytic fungus fusarium solani.the solute quenching studies of a lectin from endophytic fungus fusarium solani were carried out using different quenchers such as acrylamide, succinimide, potassium iodide and cesium chloride. the lectin showed emission maximum at 348 nm indicating relative exposure of tryptophan. the quenchable fraction of the fluorophore was 100% with acrylamide, whereas it was only 50% with succinimide. the ionic quenchers iodide and cesium showed opposite effects at different ph. in the case of cesium, rais ...201019823920
endophytic bacteria from ocimum sanctum and their yield enhancing capabilities.endophytes are beneficial microbes that reside intercellularly inside the plants. interaction of endophytes with the host plants and their function within their host are important to address ecological relevance of endophyte. four endophytic bacteria os-9, os-10, os-11, and os-12 were isolated from healthy leaves of ocimum sanctum. these isolated microbes were screened in dual culture against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium solani, alternaria s ...201019826860
design of eudragit rl 100 nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation method for ocular drug delivery.the objective of the current study was to prepare positively charged amphotericin-b-loaded nanoparticles providing a controlled release formulation. the particles were prepared by solvent displacement or nanoprecipitation method. the non-biodegradable positively charged polymer eudragit rl 100 was used to prepare the different formulations with varying ratios of drug and polymer. the formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and differential scanning calorimetry meas ...201019800990
endophytic fungal strains of fusarium solani, from apodytes dimidiata e. mey. ex arn (icacinaceae) produce camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 9-methoxycamptothecin.camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin are two important precursors for the synthesis of the clinically useful anticancer drugs, topotecan and irinotecan. in recent years, efforts have been made to identify novel plant and endophytic fungal sources of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin. in this study we have isolated endophytic fungi strains from apodytes dimidiata (icacinaceae), a medium sized tree from the western ghats, india. the fungi were identified as fusarium solani using both its ...201019863979
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