Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from patients pre- and post-administration of favipiravir. | favipiravir, a viral rna-dependent rna polymerase inhibitor, has recently been approved in japan for influenza pandemic preparedness. here, we conducted a cell-based screening system to evaluate the susceptibility of influenza viruses to favipiravir. in this assay, the antiviral activity of favipiravir is determined by inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect, which can be measured by using a colorimetric cell proliferation assay. to demonstrate the robustness of the assay, we compared the ... | 2016 | 27321665 |
| effectiveness of the 2013 and 2014 southern hemisphere influenza vaccines against laboratory-confirmed influenza in young children using a test-negative design, bangkok, thailand. | the thai advisory committee on immunization practices recommends annual influenza vaccination for children 6 months through 2 years of age, although older children may be vaccinated on request. we evaluated the effectiveness of the 2013 and 2014 inactivated influenza vaccines to reduce medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among thai children aged 7-60 months. | 2016 | 27307102 |
| influenza activity - united states, 2015-16 season and composition of the 2016-17 influenza vaccine. | during the 2015-16 influenza season (october 4, 2015-may 21, 2016) in the united states, influenza activity* was lower and peaked later compared with the previous three seasons (2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15). activity remained low from october 2015 until late december 2015 and peaked in mid-march 2016. during the most recent 18 influenza seasons (including this season), only two other seasons have peaked in march (2011-12 and 2005-06). overall influenza activity was moderate this season, with a ... | 2016 | 27281364 |
| effects of previous episodes of influenza and vaccination in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in navarre, spain, 2013/14 season. | we estimated whether previous episodes of influenza and trivalent influenza vaccination prevented laboratory-confirmed influenza in navarre, spain, in season 2013/14. patients with medically-attended influenza-like illness (ma-ili) in hospitals (n = 645) and primary healthcare (n = 525) were included. we compared 589 influenza cases and 581 negative controls. ma-ili related to a specific virus subtype in the previous five seasons was defined as a laboratory-confirmed influenza infection with the ... | 2016 | 27277013 |
| the human antimicrobial protein bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) inhibits the infectivity of influenza a virus. | in addition to their well-known antibacterial activity some antimicrobial peptides and proteins (amps) display also antiviral effects. a 27 aa peptide from the n-terminal part of human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) previously shown to harbour antibacterial activity inhibits the infectivity of multiple influenza a virus strains (h1n1, h3n2 and h5n1) the causing agent of the influenza pneumonia. in contrast, the homologous murine bpi-peptide did not show activity against influ ... | 2016 | 27273104 |
| a novel small-molecule compound disrupts influenza a virus pb2 cap-binding and inhibits viral replication. | the conserved residues 318-483 in the pb2 subunit of influenza a polymerase is an independently folded cap-binding domain (pb2cap) that exhibits a distinct binding mode from other host cap-binding proteins, which suggests that pb2cap might be an ideal drug target. this study aimed to identify a new class of anti-influenza inhibitors that specifically disrupts the interaction between pb2cap and host cap structures. | 2016 | 27272726 |
| global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2014-2015. | the world health organization (who) collaborating centres for reference and research on influenza (who ccs) tested 13,312 viruses collected by who recognized national influenza centres between may 2014 and may 2015 to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) data for neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. ninety-four per cent of the viruses tested by the who ccs were from three who regions: western pacific, the americas and europe. approximately 0 ... | 2016 | 27265623 |
| mycophenolic acid, an immunomodulator, has potent and broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against pandemic, seasonal and avian influenza viruses affecting humans. | immunomodulators have been shown to improve the outcome of severe pneumonia. we have previously shown that mycophenolic acid (mpa), an immunomodulator, has antiviral activity against influenza a/wsn/1933(h1n1) using a high-throughput chemical screening assay. this study further investigated the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of mpa against contemporary clinical isolates of influenza a and b viruses. the 50 % cellular cytotoxicity (cc50) of mpa in madin darby canine kidney cell line w ... | 2016 | 27259985 |
| live attenuated influenza vaccine in children induces b-cell responses in tonsils. | tonsils play a key role in eliciting immune responses against respiratory pathogens. little is known about how tonsils contribute to the local immune response after intranasal vaccination. here, we uniquely report the mucosal humoral responses in tonsils and saliva after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) vaccination in children. | 2016 | 27247344 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective effects of a trivalent chimeric norovirus p particle immunogen displaying influenza ha2 from subtypes h1, h3 and b. | the ectodomain of the influenza a virus (iav) hemagglutinin (ha) stem is highly conserved across strains and has shown promise as a universal influenza vaccine in a mouse model. in this study, potential b-cell epitopes were found through sequence alignment and epitope prediction in a stem fragment, ha2:90-105, which is highly conserved among virus subtypes h1, h3 and b. a norovirus (nov) p particle platform was used to express the ha2:90-105 sequences from subtypes h1, h3 and b in loops 1, 2 and ... | 2016 | 27222326 |
| genotyping and detection of common avian and human origin-influenza viruses using a portable chemiluminescence imaging microarray. | influenza viruses are divided into three types, a, b, and c. human influenza a and b viruses can cause seasonal epidemics, but influenza c causes only a mild respiratory illness. influenza a virus can infect various host species. in 2013, human-infectious avian influenza a (h7n9) was first reported in china. by the second week of 2014, there were 210 laboratory-confirmed human cases in the country, and the mortality rate eventually reached 22 %. rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza viruses ... | 2016 | 27822445 |
| influence of social contact patterns and demographic factors on influenza simulation results. | the demographic composition and the frequency and nature of social contacts may affect the spread of influenza virus in a population, resulting in distinct age-dependent immunity patterns. as demography and social contact rates differ strongly between european countries, this may impact infection incidence and vaccine effectiveness and thus limit the extent to which conclusions derived from observations in one country can be generalized to others. in the current study, we aimed to decipher the i ... | 2016 | 27821137 |
| molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire in young adults before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. | molecular understanding of serological immunity to influenza has been confounded by the complexity of the polyclonal antibody response in humans. here we used high-resolution proteomics analysis of immunoglobulin (referred to as ig-seq) coupled with high-throughput sequencing of transcripts encoding b cell receptors (bcr-seq) to quantitatively determine the antibody repertoire at the individual clonotype level in the sera of young adults before and after vaccination with trivalent seasonal influ ... | 2016 | 27820605 |
| exogenous activation of invariant natural killer t cells by α-galactosylceramide reduces pneumococcal outgrowth and dissemination postinfluenza. | influenza a virus infection can predispose to potentially devastating secondary bacterial infections. invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells are unconventional, lipid-reactive t lymphocytes that exert potent immunostimulatory functions. using a mouse model of postinfluenza invasive secondary pneumococcal infection, we sought to establish whether α-galactosylceramide (α-galcer [a potent inkt cell agonist that is currently in clinical development]) could limit bacterial superinfection. our result ... | 2016 | 27803187 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was not associated with influenza virus infection in children and adults in hong kong, 2009-2010. | some studies have hypothesized that vitamin d may have a role to play in protection against influenza virus infections and illnesses, and that seasonal fluctuation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25(oh)d] may affect seasonal patterns of influenza virus infections. | 2016 | 27798334 |
| constitutively expressed ifitm3 protein in human endothelial cells poses an early infection block to human influenza viruses. | a role for pulmonary endothelial cells in the orchestration of cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment during influenza virus infection, leading to severe lung damage, has been recently identified. as the mechanistic pathway for this ability is not fully known, we extended previous studies on influenza virus tropism in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. we found that a subset of avian influenza viruses, including potentially pandemic h5n1, h7n9, and h9n2 viruses, could infect huma ... | 2016 | 27707929 |
| virologic differences do not fully explain the diversification of swine influenza viruses in the united states. | influenza a(h1n1) viruses entered the u.s. swine population following the 1918 pandemic and remained genetically stable for roughly 80 years. in 1998, there was an outbreak of influenza-like illness among swine that was caused by a(h3n2) viruses containing the triple reassortant internal gene (trig) cassette. following the trig cassette emergence, numerous reassortant viruses were isolated in nature, suggesting that the trig virus had an enhanced ability to reassort compared to the classical swi ... | 2016 | 27581984 |
| seasonal influenza vaccination of children induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity beyond the current season: cross-reactivity with past and future strains. | influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection. | 2016 | 27571905 |
| fatal cases of seasonal influenza in russia in 2015-2016. | the influenza epidemic in 2015-2016 in russia is characterized by a sharp increase of influenza cases (beginning from the second week of 2016) with increased fatalities. influenza was confirmed in 20 fatal cases registered among children (0-10 years), in 5 cases among pregnant women, and in 173 cases among elderly people (60 years and older). two hundred and ninety nine people died from influenza were patients with some chronic problems. the overwhelming majority among the deceased (more than 98 ... | 2016 | 27776172 |
| circulation of multiple genotypes of h1n2 viruses in a swine farm in italy over a two-month period. | in august 2012 repeated respiratory outbreaks caused by swine influenza a virus (swiav) were registered for a whole year in a breeding farm in northeast italy that supplied piglets for fattening. the virus, initially characterized in the farm, was a reassortant eurasian avian-like h1n1 (h1avn1) genotype, containing a haemagglutinin segment derived from the pandemic h1n1 (a(h1n1)pdm09) lineage. to control infection, a vaccination program using vaccines against the a(h1n1)pdm09, human-like h1n2 (h ... | 2016 | 27771067 |
| improving influenza virological surveillance in europe: strain-based reporting of antigenic and genetic characterisation data, 11 european countries, influenza season 2013/14. | influenza antigenic and genetic characterisation data are crucial for influenza vaccine composition decision making. previously, aggregate data were reported to the european centre for disease prevention and control by european union/european economic area (eu/eea) countries. a system for collecting case-specific influenza antigenic and genetic characterisation data was established for the 2013/14 influenza season. in a pilot study, 11 eu/eea countries reported through the new mechanism. we demo ... | 2016 | 27762211 |
| virological surveillance of influenza in four recent post-pandemic seasons (2010/11 to 2013/14) in bulgaria. | influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for studying the evolution of influenza viruses as well as for annual updating of the vaccine composition. the aim of the present study is to analyse the circulation of the influenza viruses in bulgaria during the four recent post-pandemic seasons. | 2016 | 27755859 |
| characterization of influenza outbreaks in lebanon during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. | despite the significant burden of influenza outbreaks, active disease monitoring has been largely absent in the middle east, including lebanon. in this study we characterized influenza virus in 440 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with acute respiratory infections during two influenza seasons in lebanon. influenza a(h3n2) was dominant in the 2013/14 season while the a(h1n1)pdm09 and b/yamagata strains were most prevalent in the 2014/15 season. all tested isolates were susceptible to ... | 2016 | 27714749 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of a(h1n1) pdm09 and h3n2 viruses in jordan, 2011-2013. | understanding the genetic evolution of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses can help better select strains to be included in the annual influenza vaccine. there is little information on their evolution in jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses in jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the ha and na genes of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. the full ha and na genes of 16 h1n1-positive samples obtaine ... | 2016 | 27714744 |
| modelling of seasonal influenza and estimation of the burden in tunisia. | the burden of influenza was estimated from surveillance data in tunisia using epidemiological parameters of transmission with who classical tools and mathematical modelling. the incidence rates of influenza-associated influenza-like illness (ili) per 100 000 were 18 735 in 2012/2013 season; 5536 in 2013/14 and 12 602 in 2014/15. the estimated proportions of influenza-associated ili in the total outpatient load were 3.16%; 0.86% and 1.98% in the 3 seasons respectively. distribution of influenza v ... | 2016 | 27714740 |
| detection of influenza b viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitor in morocco during 2014/15 season. | we monitored phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in morocco during 2014-2015 to oseltamivir and zanamivir. throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. positive samples were inoculated in mdck cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor ... | 2016 | 27714739 |
| characteristics of severe acute respiratory infectionassociated hospitalization in yemen, 2014/15. | this study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection (sari) in yemen. we carried out a retrospective descriptive analysis of data from january 2014 to december 2015. nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each patient for laboratory testing. a total of 1346 diagnostic specimens were tested, of which 733 (54%) were positive for influenza viruses. influenza a( ... | 2016 | 27714737 |
| genetic characterization of influenza viruses from influenza-related hospital admissions in the st. petersburg and valencia sites of the global influenza hospital surveillance network during the 2013/14 influenza season. | continuous surveillance for genetic changes in circulating influenza viruses is needed to guide influenza prevention and control. | 2016 | 27690141 |
| influenza a virus vaccines for swine. | economic losses due to influenza a virus (iav) infections are substantial and a global problem, ranking among the top three major health challenges in the swine industry. currently, h1 and h3 subtypes circulate in pigs globally associated with different combinations of n1 and n2 subtypes; however, the origin, gene constellation, and antigenic makeup of iav vary greatly on different continents. vaccination is one means of mitigating the effects of iav disease, and vaccines are most effective if t ... | 2016 | 27923501 |
| in vitro anti-viral activity of psoraleae semen water extract against influenza a viruses. | influenza causes respiratory infections and poses health risks to humans and animals; its effects are complicated by increasing resistance to existing anti-influenza viral agents. therefore, novel therapeutic approaches against influenza virus infection are required. psoraleae semen has been widely used in traditional medicine in korea, taiwan, china, and japan for treating and preventing various diseases. in this study, we examined the anti-viral activities and mechanism of action of the water ... | 2016 | 27965579 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in chongqing, china, 2011-2015. | chongqing is the largest municipality and located in southwestern of china, with over 30 million registered inhabitants. there are few reports regarding the epidemiology of influenza in chongqing. the objective of the paper is to explore the epidemiology of influenza in chongqing, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. | 2016 | 27936139 |
| evaluation of a candidate live attenuated influenza vaccine prepared in changchun bcht (china) for safety and efficacy in ferrets. | we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) product in ferrets. the bcht laiv product was significantly less virulent than wild-type h1n1 virus, when evaluated by comparing virus shedding and histopathologic lesions. the data indicated strong evidence for an attenuated phenotype of laiv. furthermore, the vaccine induced robust humoral immune responses in seronegative ferrets, and protected ferrets against development of fever, weight loss and turbinate infl ... | 2016 | 27997342 |
| simultaneous detection of influenza a subtypes of h3n2 virus, pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and reassortant avian h7n9 virus in humans by multiplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assay. | influenza a virus is a leading causative pathogen of human acute respiratory infection. recently, the co-circulation of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and seasonal h3n2 viruses was reported, and sporadic cases with reassortant avian h7n9 virus are continually reported in china. we aimed to establish a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assay to simultaneously detect and discriminate flua subtypes, including human seasonal h3n2 virus, pandemic (h1n1) 2009 ... | 2016 | 27995031 |
| national influenza surveillance in the philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains. | the results of routine influenza surveillance in 13 regions in the philippines from 2006 to 2012 are presented, describing the annual seasonal epidemics of confirmed influenza virus infection, seasonal and alert thresholds, epidemic curve, and circulating influenza strains. | 2016 | 27993136 |
| human seasonal influenza a viruses induce h7n9-cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) antibodies that are directed towards the nucleoprotein. | antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) against avian influenza virus subtypes including h7n9 and h5n1 have been detected in human sera. there are limited data on the presence of such cross-reactive adcc mediating antibodies (adcc-abs) in children and the viral target(s) of these abs are poorly understood. using high-throughput nk cell activation and nk cytotoxicity assays, we compared adcc-abs in sera collected from healthy infants (≤1 year), children (2-17 years ... | 2016 | 28011910 |
| impact of influenza in the post-pandemic phase: clinical features in hospitalized patients with influenza a (h1n1) pdm09 and h3n2 viruses, during 2013 in santa fe, argentina. | it is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the influenza a (h1n1) pdm09 virus and compare it with influenza a (h3n2) virus, as surveyed in just a few studies, in order to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of influenza control and prevention strategies. the aims in this study were to describe influenza clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients, caused by influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 and influenza a (h3n2) viruses during 2013 ... | 2016 | 28004402 |
| coherence of influenza surveillance data across different sources and age groups, beijing, china, 2008-2015. | influenza is active during the winter and spring in the city of beijing, which has a typical temperate climate with four clear distinct seasons. the clinical and laboratory surveillance data for influenza have been used to construct critical indicators for influenza activities in the community, and previous studies have reported varying degrees of association between laboratory-confirmed influenza specimens and outpatient consultation rates of influenza-like illness in subtropical cities. howeve ... | 2016 | 28036373 |
| optimization of a quantitative micro-neutralization assay. | the micro-neutralization (mn) assay is a standard technique for measuring the infectivity of the influenza virus and the inhibition of virus replication. in this study, we present the protocol of an imaging-based mn assay to quantify the true antigenic relationships between viruses. unlike typical plaque reduction assays that rely on visible plaques, this assay quantitates the entire infected cell population of each well. the protocol matches the virus type or subtype with the selection of cell ... | 2016 | 28060291 |
| quantifying protection against influenza virus infection measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assays in vaccine trials. | correlations between hemagglutination-inhibition titers (hereafter "titers") and protection against infection have been identified in historical studies. however, limited information is available about the dynamics of how titer influences protection. | 2016 | 26427723 |
| serological evidence of pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infections in greek swine. | the introduction of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) influenza virus in pigs changed the epidemiology of influenza a viruses (iavs) in swine in europe and the rest of the world. previously, three iav subtypes were found in the european pig population: an avian-like h1n1 and two reassortant h1n2 and h3n2 viruses with human-origin haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase proteins and internal genes of avian decent. these viruses pose antigenically distinct has, which allow the retrospective diagnosis o ... | 2016 | 26477456 |
| insight flu005: an anti-influenza virus hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin pilot study. | hemagglutination inhibition (hai) antibody responses to anti-influenza virus hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (hivig) were characterized. thirty-one patients with influenza during the 2013-2014 season were randomly assigned to receive 0.25 g/kg of hivig (n = 16) or placebo (n = 15). for hivig recipients, the ratio of geometric mean titers (1 hour after infusion/before infusion) was 4.00 (95% confidence interval [ci], 2.61-6.13) for 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) and 1.76 (95% ci, 1.33-2.3 ... | 2016 | 26374911 |
| immunogenicity and sustainability of the immune response in brazilian hiv-1-infected individuals vaccinated with inactivated triple influenza vaccine. | hiv-infected individuals have a higher risk of serious illnesses following infection by infection with influenza. although anti-influenza vaccination is recommended, immunosuppression may limit their response to active immunization. we followed-up a cohort of hiv-infected individuals vaccinated against influenza to assess the immunogenicity and sustainability of the immune response to vaccination. individuals were vaccinated 2011 with inactivated triple influenza vaccine (tiv), and they had rece ... | 2016 | 26267817 |
| influenza infection in the intensive care unit: four years after the 2009 pandemic. | the role of influenza viruses in severe acute respiratory infection (sari) in intensive care units (icu) remains unknown. the post-pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 period, in particular, has been poorly studied. | 2016 | 26025480 |
| influenza virus surveillance in argentina during the 2012 season: antigenic characterization, genetic analysis and antiviral susceptibility. | the activity and circulation of influenza viruses in argentina was studied during 2012 as part of the argentinean surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses, in the context of global influenza surveillance. the antigenicity and molecular characteristics of haemagglutinins (ha) of circulating influenza a and b viruses were analysed to assess the emergence of virus variants. susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir was evaluated by enzymatic assay and results were backed-up by seq ... | 2016 | 26345289 |
| anti-influenza virus effects of cocoa. | cocoa contains biologically active ingredients that have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which includes an inhibitory effect on influenza virus infection. | 2016 | 25847473 |
| assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness in a sentinel surveillance network 2010-13, united states. | influenza vaccines are now widely used to reduce the burden of annual epidemics of influenza virus infections. influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) is monitored annually to determine ve against each season's circulating influenza strains in different groups such as children, adults and the elderly. few prospective surveillance programs are available to evaluate influenza ve against medically attended illness for patients of all ages in the united states. | 2016 | 26611200 |
| influenza outbreaks among passengers and crew on two cruise ships: a recent account of preparedness and response to an ever-present challenge. | during spring 2014, two large influenza outbreaks occurred among cruise ship passengers and crew on trans-hemispheric itineraries. | 2016 | 26031322 |
| one-pot reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for detecting mers-cov. | due to the limitation of rapid development of specific antiviral drug or vaccine for novel emerging viruses, an accurate and rapid diagnosis is a key to manage the virus spread. we developed an efficient and rapid method with high specificity for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), based on one-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-pot rt-lamp). a set of six lamp primers [f3, b3, fip, bip, lf (loop-f), and lb (loop-b)] were designed using ... | 2016 | 28119682 |
| rules of co-occurring mutations characterize the antigenic evolution of human influenza a/h3n2, a/h1n1 and b viruses. | the human influenza viruses undergo rapid evolution (especially in hemagglutinin (ha), a glycoprotein on the surface of the virus), which enables the virus population to constantly evade the human immune system. therefore, the vaccine has to be updated every year to stay effective. there is a need to characterize the evolution of influenza viruses for better selection of vaccine candidates and the prediction of pandemic strains. studies have shown that the influenza hemagglutinin evolution is dr ... | 2016 | 28117657 |
| genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus subtypes co-circulate among poultry in bangladesh. | influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. we analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza a viruses. virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. the most frequently identified subtyp ... | 2016 | 27010791 |
| influenza h7n9 lah-hbc virus-like particle vaccine with adjuvant protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. | the long alpha-helix (lah) region located in influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) shows conservation among different influenza a strains, which could be used as a candidate target of influenza vaccines. moreover, the hepatitis b virus core protein (hbc) is a carrier for heterologous epitopes in eliciting effective immune responses. we inserted the lah region of h7n9 influenza virus into the hbc and prepared the lah-hbc protein, which were capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (vlp), b ... | 2016 | 27866773 |
| [preparation and detection of anti-influenza a virus polymerase basic protein 1 polyclonal antibody]. | influenza a virus is an enveloped virus that belongs to the orthomyxoviridae family. it has 8 negative rna segments that encode 16 viral proteins. the viral polymerase consists of 3 proteins (pb 1, pb2 and pa) which plays an important role in the transcription and replication of the influenza a virus. polymerase basic protein 1 (pb 1) is a critical member of viral polymerase complex. in order to further study the function of pb1, we need to prepare the pb1 antibody with good quality. therefore, ... | 2016 | 27363203 |
| design and evaluation of novel interferon lambda analogs with enhanced antiviral activity and improved drug attributes. | type iii interferons (ifns) (also called ifn-λ: ifn-λ1, ifn-λ2, ifn-λ3, and ifn-λ4) are critical players in the defense against viral infection of mucosal epithelial cells, where the activity of type i ifns is weak, and unlike type i ifns that are associated with severe and diverse side effects, type iii ifns cause minimal side effects due to the highly restricted expression of their receptors, and thus appear to be promising agents for the treatment and prevention of respiratory and gastrointes ... | 2016 | 26792983 |
| development of single-chain variable fragments (scfv) against influenza virus targeting hemagglutinin subunit 2 (ha2). | influenza a viruses (iav) are widespread in birds and domestic poultry, occasionally causing severe epidemics in humans and posing health threats. hence, the need to develop a strategy for prophylaxis or therapy, such as a broadly neutralizing antibody against iav, is urgent. in this study, single-chain variable fragment (scfv) phage display technology was used to select scfv fragments recognizing influenza envelope proteins. the tomlinson i and j scfv phage display libraries were screened again ... | 2016 | 26446888 |
| indole alkaloid glucosides from the roots of isatis indigotica. | five new indole alkaloid glucosides named isatindigotindolosides a-e (1-5), along with three known analogs (6-8), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the isatis indigotica roots. their structures including the absolute configurations were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with chemical methods and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations. in the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 6 and 7 showed antiviral activity against influenza virus a/hanfan ... | 2016 | 26651370 |
| labdisk with complete reagent prestorage for sample-to-answer nucleic acid based detection of respiratory pathogens verified with influenza a h3n2 virus. | portable point-of-care devices for pathogen detection require easy, minimal and user-friendly handling steps and need to have the same diagnostic performance compared to centralized laboratories. in this work we present a fully automated sample-to-answer detection of influenza a h3n2 virus in a centrifugal labdisk with complete prestorage of reagents. thus, the initial supply of the sample remains the only manual handling step. the self-contained labdisk automates by centrifugal microfluidics al ... | 2016 | 26610171 |
| molecular modeling and lead design of substituted zanamivir derivatives as potent anti-influenza drugs. | influenza virus spreads infection by two main surface glycoproteins, namely hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). na cleaves the sialic acid receptors eventually releasing newly formed virus particles which then invade new cells. inhibition of na could limit the replication of virus to one round which is insufficient to cause the disease. | 2016 | 28155702 |
| an intranasal proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine is safe, immunogenic & efficacious in the human viral influenza challenge model. serum igg & mucosal iga are important correlates of protection against illness associated with infection. | a proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (p-tiv) administered intra-nasally was shown to be safe, well tolerated and immunogenic in both systemic and mucosal compartments, and effective at preventing illness associated with evidence of influenza infection. | 2016 | 28005959 |
| influenza virus vaccine for neglected hosts: horses and dogs. | this study provides information regarding vaccine research and the epidemiology of influenza virus in neglected hosts (horses and dogs). equine influenza virus (eiv) causes a highly contagious disease in horses and other equids, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. eiv has resulted in costly damage to the horse industry and has the ability of cross the host species barrier from horses to dogs. canine influenza is a virus of equine or avian origin and infects companion animals that live in clos ... | 2016 | 27489801 |
| canine influenza virus coinfection with staphylococcus pseudintermedius enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in mice. | canine influenza virus (civ) and staphylococcus pseudintermedius (sp) are pathogens that cause respiratory disease in dogs. considering bacterial infections following influenza are a leading cause of illness and death, it is of particular meaning to investigate the interaction between these two pathogens. in this study, balb/c mice were used as a mouse model to assess whether inoculation with civ h3n2 followed by s. pseudintermedius 72 h later resulted in exacerbation of disease. disease was cha ... | 2016 | 27259293 |
| serum samples from middle-aged adults vaccinated annually with seasonal influenza vaccines cross-neutralize some potential pandemic influenza viruses. | we examined serum samples from adults ages 48-64 who received multiple seasonal influenza vaccines from 2004 to 2009 for cross-neutralizing antibodies to potential pandemic strains. using pseudoviruses bearing various hemagglutinins (ha-pseudoviruses), we found serum neutralization titers (≥160) in 100% against a/japan/305/1957 (h2n2), 53% against a/hong kong/1073/99 (h9n2), 56% against the h3n2 variant a/indiana/08/11 (h3n2v), 11% against a/hong kong/g9/97 (h9n2), and 36% a/chicken/hong kong/sf ... | 2016 | 26243315 |
| [effect of a combination of glutamyl-tryptophan and glycyrrhizic acid on the course of acute infection caused by influenza (h3h2) virus in mice]. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the modulating effect of glutamyl-tryptophan (ew), glycyrrhizic acid (ga), and their combination on the course of experimental infection caused by influenza a (h3n2) virus in mice. the animals were infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus in a dose of 1 or 10 ld50. ga (10 mg/kg body weight) and ew (0.1, 10, and 1000 microg/kg) alone or in combination were intraperitoneally injected for 5 days, starting on day 1 of virus infection. rimantadine 50 ... | 2016 | 22905423 |
| the rapid and sustained responses of dendritic cells to influenza virus infection in a non-human primate model. | dendritic cells (dcs) are readily infected by influenza viruses and play a crucial role in regulating host innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. the aims of this study are to characterize the dynamic changes in the numbers and maturation status of dendritic cells present in the lung and lung-associated lymph nodes (lalns) in the model of a non-human primate (nhp) infected by influenza a virus (iav). cynomolgus macaques were infected with influenza a virus (h3n2) via bronchosco ... | 2016 | 24780366 |
| antigenic maps of influenza a(h3n2) produced with human antisera obtained after primary infection. | antigenic characterization of influenza viruses is typically based on hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay data for viral isolates tested against strain-specific postinfection ferret antisera. here, similar virus characterizations were performed using serological data from humans with primary influenza a(h3n2) infection. | 2016 | 26142433 |
| [ph-dependent rearrangements in the influenza a virus]. | the influenza virus possesses two modules: internal ribonucleoprotein (rnp) containing the viral genome rna and external lipid envelope with transmembrane ionic channel protein m2 and embedded glycoproteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) forming surface spike ends. these modules are combined in a whole virion by the matrix protein m1. the effect of the acidic ph 4,2-4,5 on the influenza virus grown in mdck-h cells was tested. the a/aichi/68 (h3n2) virus synthesized in mdck-h cells was ... | 2016 | 25335418 |
| [immunization with live attenuated a/h5n1 vaccine protects guinea pigs from reinfection]. | cold-adapted influenza virus a/hk/1/68/162/35(h3n2) was developed as unified donor of attenuation and high reproductive capacity forvaccine strains. the reassortant of this donor with surface antigens of highly pathogenic strain alchicken/astana/6/05 (h5n1) was tested in guinea pigs as a live or inactivated preparation. immunization with both formulations induced equal levels of serum virus specific antibodies, while the level of mucosal antibodies was significantly higher in animals immunized w ... | 2016 | 24772645 |
| [evolution of influenza a(h3n2) virus from 2007 to 2012]. | the results of the genetic studies of influenza viruses make it possible to understand their evolution and recommendations for vaccine strains content. in this work, the data of complete sequence of the ha, na, and m2-protein for 34 strains of influenza a(h3n2) virus circulating in russia during 2007-2012 are presented. the influenza strains were isolated in ivanovsky institute of virology, moscow, and some collaborating russian centers. the results of the phylogenetic analysis showed the differ ... | 2016 | 24772643 |
| one-health simulation modelling: a case study of influenza spread between human and swine populations using naadsm. | the circulation of zoonotic influenza a viruses including ph1n1 2009 and h5n1 continue to present a constant threat to animal and human populations. recently, an h3n2 variant spread from pigs to humans and between humans in limited numbers. accordingly, this research investigated a range of scenarios of the transmission dynamics of ph1n1 2009 virus at the swine-human interface while accounting for different percentages of swine workers initially immune. furthermore, the feasibility of using naad ... | 2016 | 24661802 |
| efficacy and safety of treatment with an anti-m2e monoclonal antibody in experimental human influenza. | the efficacy of tcn-032, a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope on m2e, was explored in experimental human influenza. | 2015 | 25281755 |
| drug susceptibility of influenza a/h3n2 strains co-circulating during 2009 influenza pandemic: first report from mumbai. | from its first instance in 1977, resistance to amantadine, a matrix (m2) inhibitor has been increasing among influenza a/h3n2, thus propelling the use of oseltamivir, a neuraminidase (na) inhibitor as a next line drug. information on drug susceptibility to amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza a/h3n2 viruses in india is limited with no published data from mumbai. this study aimed at examining the sensitivity to m2 and na inhibitors of influenza a/h3n2 strains isolated from 2009 t ... | 2015 | 25461259 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in the united states during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type. | during the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza a(h3n2) and 2 influenza b lineage viruses in the united states. | 2015 | 25406334 |
| comparative mutational analyses of influenza a viruses. | the error-prone rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and external selective pressures are the driving forces for rna viral diversity. when confounded by selective pressures, it is difficult to assess if influenza a viruses (iav) that have a wide host range possess comparable or distinct spontaneous mutational frequency in their rdrps. we used in-depth bioinformatics analyses to assess the spontaneous mutational frequencies of two rdrps derived from human seasonal (a/wuhan/359/95; wuhan) and h5n1 ... | 2015 | 25404565 |
| antiviral matrine-type alkaloids from the rhizomes of sophora tonkinensis. | three new matrine-type alkaloids, (+)-5α-hydroxyoxysophocarpine (1), (-)-12β-hydroxyoxysophocarpine (2), and (+)-5α-hydroxylemannine (3), along with 14 known analogues, (-)-sophocarpine (4), (-)-5α-hydroxysophocarpine (5), (-)-9α-hydroxysophocarpine (6), (+)-12α-hydroxysophocarpine (7), (-)-12β-hydroxysophocarpine (8), (+)-oxysophocarpine (9), (+)-matrine (10), (+)-sophoranol (11), (+)-9α-hydroxymatrine (12), (-)-14β-hydroxymatrine (13), (+)-oxymatrine (14), (+)-5α-hydroxyoxymatrine (15), (-)-14 ... | 2015 | 26132528 |
| potential of acylated peptides to target the influenza a virus. | for antiviral drug design, especially in the field of influenza virus research, potent multivalent inhibitors raise high expectations for combating epidemics and pandemics. among a large variety of covalent and non-covalent scaffold systems for a multivalent display of inhibitors, we created a simple supramolecular platform to enhance the antiviral effect of our recently developed antiviral peptide b (peb(gf)), preventing binding of influenza virus to the host cell. by conjugating the peptide wi ... | 2015 | 26124860 |
| antiviral glycosidic bisindole alkaloids from the roots of isatis indigotica. | seven new glycosidic bisindole alkaloids, isatindigobisindolosides a-g (1-7), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the isatis indigotica roots. their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, together with calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ecd) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. in the nmr spectra of 1-3, it is found that integration of h-2 and intensity of c-2 are affected n ... | 2015 | 26123248 |
| predicting clinical severity based on substitutions near epitope a of influenza a/h3n2. | epitopes are the main targets for specific antibodies in the host defense systems. recent studies have shown that amino acid (aa) substitutions located within the influenza a/h3n2 hemagglutinin 1 (ha1) epitopes a-e, particularly in a and b, result in antigenic drift. viruses with such drift mutations may have resulted in more severe influenza-related illness during influenza epidemics between late 2012 and early 2015. we sought to quantify vaccine mismatches in epitopes a-e of the ha1 protein, a ... | 2015 | 26118307 |
| inter-seasonal influenza is characterized by extended virus transmission and persistence. | the factors that determine the characteristic seasonality of influenza remain enigmatic. current models predict that occurrences of influenza outside the normal surveillance season within a temperate region largely reflect the importation of viruses from the alternate hemisphere or from equatorial regions in asia. to help reveal the drivers of seasonality we investigated the origins and evolution of influenza viruses sampled during inter-seasonal periods in australia. to this end we conducted an ... | 2015 | 26107631 |
| computational analysis of antigenic epitopes of avian influenza a (h7n9) viruses. | influenza virus can rapidly change its antigenicity, via mutation in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, to evade host immunity. the emergence of the novel human-infecting avian h7n9 virus in china has caused widespread concern. however, evolution of the antigenicity of this virus is not well understood. here, we inferred the antigenic epitopes of the ha protein from all h7 viruses, based on the five well-characterized ha epitopes of the human h3n2 virus. by comparing the two major h7 phylogenetic l ... | 2015 | 26100010 |
| baicalin inhibits autophagy induced by influenza a virus h3n2. | baicalin, a natural product isolated from scutellariaradix, has been reported to have significant in vivo and in vitro anti-influenza virus activity, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. in this study, we found that baicalin inhibited autophagy induced by influenza virus a3/beijing/30/95 (h3n2) in both a549 and ana-1 cells. the results showed that h3n2 induced autophagy by suppressing mtor signaling pathway, which however could be significantly inhibited by baicalin. baicalin ... | 2015 | 25446340 |
| comparative analysis of virulence of a novel, avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus in various host species. | a novel avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus (civ) that showed high sequence similarities in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with those of non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses was isolated in our routine surveillance program in south korea. we previously reported that the pathogenicity of this strain could be reproduced in dogs and cats. in the present study, the host tropism of h3n2 civ was examined by experimental inoculation into several host species, including chickens, pigs, m ... | 2015 | 25218482 |
| a plasmon-assisted fluoro-immunoassay using gold nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes for monitoring the influenza virus. | a plasmon-assisted fluoro-immunoassay (pafi) was developed for the detection of the influenza virus by using au nanoparticle (au np)-decorated carbon nanotubes (aucnts) that were synthesized using phytochemical composites at room temperature in deionized water. specific antibodies (abs) against the influenza virus were conjugated onto the surface of aucnts and cadmium telluride quantum dots (qds), which had a photoluminescence intensity that varied as a function of virus concentration and a dete ... | 2015 | 25240957 |
| the neuraminidases of mdck grown human influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated since 1994 can demonstrate receptor binding. | the neuraminidases (nas) of mdck passaged human influenza a(h3n2) strains isolated since 2005 are reported to have dual functions of cleavage of sialic acid and receptor binding. na agglutination of red blood cells (rbcs) can be inhibited by neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), thus distinguishing it from haemagglutinin (ha) binding. we wanted to know if viruses prior to 2005 can demonstrate this property. | 2015 | 25896455 |
| mucosally administered lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sm2 and ha2) with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes. | the development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. in this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sm2 and ha2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit a1 (cta1) on the surface of lactobacillus casei (pgsa-cta1sm2ha2/l. casei). oral and nasal administrations of recombinant l. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and their isotypes (igg1 & igg ... | 2015 | 26210951 |
| genetic analysis of h3n2 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. | five h3n2 avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from live poultry markets (lpms) and poultry slaughterhouses in shanghai, china in 2013. all viruses were characterized by whole-genome sequencing with subsequent genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis. the hemagglutinin cleavage site of all viruses indicated that the five strains were low-pathogenic aivs. phylogenetic analysis of all eight viral genes showed that the five h3n2 viruses clustered in the eurasian lineage of influenza vir ... | 2015 | 25899857 |
| fabrication of cell culture-derived influenza vaccine dissolvable microstructures and evaluation of immunogenicity in guinea pigs. | microstructure patches provide an opportunity for simple, effective, and safe vaccine administration, while achieving the desired immune response. we have evaluated the microcor transdermal system for cell culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine administration. influenza monovalent purified bulk vaccines (monobulks) (h1n1, h3n2, b) were concentrated by tangential flow filtration, lyophilized, and formulated with biocompatible excipients to form the microstructure array dissolvable tips. stan ... | 2015 | 25930118 |
| protection against multiple influenza a virus strains induced by candidate recombinant vaccine based on heterologous m2e peptides linked to flagellin. | matrix 2 protein ectodomain (m2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza vaccine. m2e-based vaccines against human influenza a provide only partial protection against avian influenza viruses because of differences in the m2e sequences. in this work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining equal protection and immune response by using recombinant protein on the basis of flagellin as a carrier of the m2e peptides of human and avian influenza a viruses. recombinant ... | 2015 | 25799221 |
| diversity in compartmental dynamics of gene regulatory networks: the immune response in primary influenza a infection in mice. | current approaches to study transcriptional profiles post influenza infection typically rely on tissue sampling from one or two sites at a few time points, such as spleen and lung in murine models. in this study, we infected female c57/bl6 mice intranasally with mouse-adapted h3n2/hong kong/x31 avian influenza a virus, and then analyzed the gene expression profiles in four different compartments (blood, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen) over 11 consecutive days post infection. these dat ... | 2015 | 26413862 |
| viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adolescents and adults with mild or moderate severity and its relation to age and severity. | better knowledge of distribution of respiratory viruses (rvs) in adolescents and adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is needed. | 2015 | 25812108 |
| effective lethal mutagenesis of influenza virus by three nucleoside analogs. | lethal mutagenesis is a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy that exploits the high mutation rate and low mutational tolerance of many rna viruses. this approach uses mutagenic drugs to increase viral mutation rates and burden viral populations with mutations that reduce the number of infectious progeny. we investigated the effectiveness of lethal mutagenesis as a strategy against influenza virus using three nucleoside analogs, ribavirin, 5-azacytidine, and 5-fluorouracil. all three drugs were acti ... | 2015 | 25589650 |
| hemagglutinin sequence conservation guided stem immunogen design from influenza a h3 subtype. | seasonal epidemics caused by influenza a (h1 and h3 subtypes) and b viruses are a major global health threat. the traditional, trivalent influenza vaccines have limited efficacy because of rapid antigenic evolution of the circulating viruses. this antigenic variability mediates viral escape from the host immune responses, necessitating annual vaccine updates. influenza vaccines elicit a protective antibody response, primarily targeting the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha). however, ... | 2015 | 26167164 |
| development of a candidate influenza vaccine based on virus-like particles displaying influenza m2e peptide into the immunodominant region of hepatitis b core antigen: broad protective efficacy of particles carrying four copies of m2e. | a long-term objective when designing influenza vaccines is to create one with broad cross-reactivity that will provide effective control over influenza, no matter which strain has caused the disease. here we summarize the results from an investigation into the immunogenic and protective capacities inherent in variations of a recombinant protein, hbc/4m2e. this protein contains four copies of the ectodomain from the influenza virus protein m2 (m2e) fused within the immunodominant loop of the hepa ... | 2015 | 25976545 |
| preparation of monopegylated cyanovirin-n's derivative and its anti-influenza a virus bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. | influenza a virus (iav) has been raising public health and safety concerns worldwide. cyanovirin-n (cvn) is a prominent anti-iav candidate, but both cytotoxicity and immunogenicity have hindered the development of this protein as a viable therapy. in this article, linker-cvn (lcvn) with a flexible and hydrophilic polypeptide at the n-terminus was efficiently produced from the cytoplasm of escherichia coli at a >15-l scale. pegylation at the n-terminal α-amine of lcvn was also reformed as 20 kda ... | 2015 | 25713409 |
| a nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 proteins expressed in e. coli. | a novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 individually expressed in e. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked ha1/ha2 on the envelope of the influenza a virus strain x-31 (h3n2). a truncated ectodomain of ha2 subunit, ha2(23-185)/c137s, lacked two membrane-interacting sequences, i.e., the n-terminal fusion peptide as well as the ... | 2015 | 25288022 |
| antiviral activities of several oral traditional chinese medicines against influenza viruses. | influenza is still a serious threat to human health with significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses poses a great challenge to existing antiviral drugs. traditional chinese medicines (tcms) may be an alternative to overcome the challenge. here, 10 oral proprietary chinese medicines were selected to evaluate their anti-influenza activities. these drugs exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza a h1n1, influenza a h3n2, and influenza b virus. i ... | 2015 | 26557857 |
| anti-viral and cytotoxic norbisabolane sesquiterpenoid glycosides from phyllanthus emblica and their absolute configurations. | in an effort to identify anti-viral and cytotoxic compounds from phyllanthus spp., 14 highly oxygenated norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblicins h1-h14, were isolated from the roots of phyllanthus emblica linn, along with phyllaemblicins b and c and glochicoccinoside d. their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. determination of absolute configurations of these compounds was facilitated by theoretical calculations of electronic c ... | 2015 | 26074492 |
| genetic characterization of h1n1 and h1n2 influenza a viruses circulating in ontario pigs in 2012. | the objective of this study was to characterize h1n1 and h1n2 influenza a virus isolates detected during outbreaks of respiratory disease in pig herds in ontario (canada) in 2012. six influenza viruses were included in analysis using full genome sequencing based on the 454 platform. in five h1n1 isolates, all eight segments were genetically related to 2009 pandemic virus (a(h1n1)pdm09). one h1n2 isolate had hemagglutinin (ha), polymerase a (pa) and non-structural (ns) genes closely related to a( ... | 2015 | 26030614 |
| low-ph stability of influenza a virus sialidase contributing to virus replication and pandemic. | the spike glycoprotein neuraminidase (na) of influenza a virus (iav) has sialidase activity that cleaves the terminal sialic acids (viral receptors) from oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates. a new antigenicity of viral surface glycoproteins for humans has pandemic potential. we found "low-ph stability of sialidase activity" in na. the low-ph stability can maintain sialidase activity under acidic conditions of ph 4-5. for human iavs, nas of all pandemic viruses were low-ph-stable, whereas t ... | 2015 | 26027822 |
| zanamivir-resistant influenza viruses with q136k or q136r neuraminidase residue mutations can arise during mdck cell culture creating challenges for antiviral susceptibility monitoring. | surveillance of circulating influenza strains for antiviral susceptibility is important to ensure patient treatment guidelines remain appropriate. influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 virus isolates containing mutations at the q136 residue of the neuraminidase (na) that conferred reduced susceptibility to the na inhibitor (nai) zanamivir were detected during antiviral susceptibility monitoring. interestingly, the mutations were not detectable in the viruses from respective clinical specimens, only ... | 2015 | 26608955 |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic h1n1 genes in pigs. | at least 10 different genotypes of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic h1n1 [a(h1n1)pdm09] gene(s) have been identified in u.s. pigs, including the h3n2 variant with a single a(h1n1)pdm09 m gene, which has infected more than 300 people. to date, only three genotypes of these viruses have been evaluated in animal models, and the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the other seven genotype viruses remain unknown. here, we show that three h3n2 reassortant viruses that cont ... | 2015 | 25540372 |
| cross-reactive immunity against influenza viruses in children and adults following 2009 pandemic h1n1 infection. | 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza (a(h1n1)pdm09) virus infected large numbers of people worldwide. recent studies suggest infection with a(h1n1)pdm09 virus elicited cross-reactive anti-hemagglutinin (ha) memory b cell response to conserved regions of ha. however, the breadth and magnitude of cross-reactive immunity in children and adults following a(h1n1)pdm09 infection are unknown. | 2015 | 25513756 |