Publications

experimental otitis media with effusion induced by intratympanic lipid a instillation.	otitis media with effusion was induced in guinea pigs by intratympanic instillation of lipid a, the lipid moiety of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota re595. lipid a was chosen as an inducer because of its similar composition among various bacterial species. animals were killed from the first to 14th day after instillation of various concentrations (0.2, 2, 20, 200 micrograms/ml) of lipid a in 0.5% triethylamine. by 3 days after instillation, all experimental an ...	1987	3578674
responses of baboons to traditionally pyrogenic agents.	it is not clear whether baboons develop fever in response to endotoxin or other pyrogens. we injected various pyrogens intravenously in 12 unrestrained baboons (papio ursinus) and measured their body temperature using intra-abdominal radiotelemeters. serum iron concentration was also measured. the baboons developed fever after injection of killed staphylococcus aureus (5 x 10(7) organisms/kg). no significant fever was measured after injection of lipopolysaccharide (salmonella typhosa) (0.1, 8, 4 ...	1987	3621085
a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies to enterobacterial re core glycolipid and lipid a. results in healthy subjects and in patients infected by gram-negative bacteria.	we have developed an elisa for igm and igg antibodies to the core glycolipid (cgl) of the re mutant salmonella minnesota r 595, and to lipid a. anti-cgl antibodies have been detected in sera from 37% of healthy blood donors, whereas anti-lipid a activities were found in 13% of individuals only. the anti-cgl and anti-lipid a activities were examined in patients in a surgical intensive care unit, selected on the basis of a definite risk of infectious complications due to gram-negative bacteria. of ...	1987	3657701
application of liposomes to generation of monoclonal antibody to glycosphingolipid: production of monoclonal antibody to ggose4cer.	liposomes were applied to the immunization with ggose4cer and screening for production of monoclonal antibody to ggose4cer. four-week-old and 22-week-old balb/c mice were immunized with ggose4cer and salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharides incorporated liposomes which were composed of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. since antibody response to ggose4cer was higher in 22-week-old than 4-week-old balb/c mice after immunization, 22-week-old balb/c mice were used for the immuni ...	1987	3667566
a new method for reduction of endotoxin contamination from protein solutions.	a method of reducing endotoxin contamination in protein-containing solutions is described here using a combination of polymyxin b-sepharose 4b (pb-seph 4b) affinity binding and endotoxin-protein dissociation with the dialyzable surfactant, octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (obdg). using the limulus amoebocyte lysate (lal) assay to detect endotoxin, greater than 1000-fold reduction of endotoxin reactivity could be accomplished from a contaminated commercial preparation of bovine catalase. importantly, ...	1987	3693909
approaches to augmenting the immunogenicity of the ganglioside gm2 in mice: purified gm2 is superior to whole cells.	the gangliosides gm2, gd2, and gd3 are differentiation antigens largely restricted to cells of neuroectodermal origin. they are expressed on most melanomas, astrocytomas, and neuroblastomas and have been shown to function as effective targets for monoclonal antibodies. in previous studies, we have immunized melanoma patients and mice with a series of melanoma cell vaccines containing these antigens, but have observed only occasional antibody responses. we report here the results of experiments i ...	1987	3805726
functional properties of salmonella minnesota rb-bound and rb-unbound cell fractions in elderly donors.	the capacity of salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) binding to human peripheral blood lymphocytes allows the recovery of rb-bound and rb-unbound cell populations that elicit different functions. here, we have applied this method to lymphocytes from aged individuals to evaluate the possibility that such an approach could reverse the senescence-related impaired immune responsiveness. in this regard we show that rb binding augments either spontaneous or t-dependent plaque-forming cell generation in rb-u ...	1987	3297381
endotoxin neutralization with rabbit antisera to escherichia coli j5 and other gram-negative bacteria.	to study the mechanisms of protection against endotoxin challenge offered by antisera to smooth and rough gram-negative organisms, we have developed an assay to quantitate endotoxin neutralization based on inhibition of the limulus amoebocyte lysate test. dilutions of different bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were incubated with hyperimmune rabbit sera against escherichia coli o113, e. coli o18, and rough mutants e. coli j5 and salmonella minnesota re595 and were then combined with limulus ...	1987	3298063
antibody immunotherapy of gram-negative bacterial sepsis.	gram-negative bacterial sepsis continues to represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. currently available medical therapy (antimicrobial agents, hemodynamic monitoring, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and nutritional support) for this disease process has reduced but not eliminated the severe consequences that may ensue. recent investigations have demonstrated the ability of antibody directed against gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps or endot ...	1987	3299299
serological relationships between escherichia coli and salmonella smooth- and rough-mutant lipopolysaccharides as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin g antiendotoxin antibodies.	reactions of sera from healthy blood donors to smooth and rough mutant lipopolysaccharides (lps) from escherichia coli o111:b4 and salmonella minnesota which had been complexed with polymyxin b were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. relative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivities were examined for prima facie evidence of cross-reactivity by analyses of correlation and relative scatter. patterns of reactivity were interpreted in relation to published structures. evidence wa ...	1987	3312008
the function of antibody and complement in the lysis of bacteria.	the factors controlling lysis of gram-negative bacteria by complement are being investigated systematically. the first question was how smooth salmonella minnesota, which has on its surface lipopolysaccharide with long o polysaccharide side chains, avoids lysis. rough organisms are serum sensitive. in both smooth and rough organisms, complement components are deposited on the surface and the lytic sequence proceeds to completion. however, with serum-resistant organisms the membrane attack comple ...	1987	3317749
artificial antigens. synthesis of polyacrylamide copolymers containing 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulopyranosylonic acid (kdo) residues.	starting from an anomeric mixture of methyl (allyl 4,5,7,8-tetra-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-alpha- and -beta-d-manno-2-octulopyranosid)onates, the glycosides sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-alpha- and -beta-d-manno-2-octulopyranosid)onate, sodium o-(sodium 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-2-octulopyranosylonate)-(2----4)-[allyl 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-2-octulopyranosid]onate and sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-7-o-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-beta-d-manno-2-octulopyranosid)++ +onate were prepared in several steps. radical copolymerization of the ...	1987	3319141
effect of haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide on complement activation and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.	purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was examined for its capacity to interact with human hemolytic complement, generate conversion products of c3, c4, and factor b, stimulate c5a activity, and affect human neutrophil chemiluminescence and phagocytosis. salmonella typhimurium lps and salmonella minnesota rb lps (r345 mutant) were examined for comparison. incubation of hib lps with human serum deficient in gamma-globulin or with normal human serum containing ...	1987	3324033
characterisation of protein co-extracted together with lps in escherichia coli, salmonella minnesota and yersinia enterocolitica.	the porin proteins of escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, and salmonella minnesota were found to co-extract by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether method together with the r lipopolysaccharide of these strains. lipopolysaccharide free protein recovered from the phenolic residue of the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether extract migrated as a mr 36-37,000 protein. we could demonstrate that the protein was extracted from bacteria as a high molecular weight protein-lipopolysaccharide complex ...	1987	3333795
role of myeloperoxidase in the killing of naegleria fowleri by lymphokine-altered human neutrophils.	previously we have shown that human neutrophils treated with conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (scm) in the presence of antisera have amoebicidal properties for naegleria fowleri, a pathogenic free-living amoeba. the data now presented show that neutrophils which lack myeloperoxidase (mpo) but have a normal oxygen-dependent respiratory burst could not be altered by scm to express the amoebicidal activity. catalase inhibited this amoebicidal activity of ...	1987	3032797
pilot study of intravenous administration of the acid-treated salmonella minnesota r595 (re) in cancer patients.	the clinical toxicity of acetic acid-treated "salmonella minnesota" r595 (re) organisms was evaluated in 24 cancer patients. bacteria were injected i.v. four times at increasing doses for a total of 6.5 micrograms. this therapeutic regimen was free of major side effects (one patient had fever higher than 38 degrees c and 10 patients complained of pruritus). furthermore, this bacterial preparation which possesses a more exposed lipid a on its surface, exhibited immunomodulating capacities in that ...	1987	2961115
comparative studies of endotoxin uptake by isolated rat kupffer and peritoneal cells.	the process of uptake of endotoxin by cells of the reticuloendothelial system is of current interest. rabbit peritoneal macrophages have been used to study macrophage-endotoxin interactions and have suggested a receptor-mediated process. it is generally believed that the site of in vivo endotoxin clearance is the liver and that this clearance involves the kupffer cell population. in the current report, the uptake characteristics of iodine-125-labeled salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (lps) ...	1987	2824379
detection of a ganglioside antigen associated with small cell lung carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies directed against fucosyl-gm1.	monoclonal antibodies with an apparent specificity for fucosyl-gm1 (fuc-gm1) were produced by the immunization of mice with fuc-gm1 adsorbed to salmonella minnesota bacteria and fusion of the spleen cells with the myeloma cell line sp 2/0. the antibodies detected fuc-gm1 with a unique ceramide composition containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids in 11 of 12 cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung. trace amounts of fuc-gm1 were detected in 1 of 11 squamous epithelial cell lung carcinomas. fuc-gm1 was a ...	1986	3002616
contributions of c1q, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and porins during attachment and ingestion phases of phagocytosis by murine macrophages.	in contrast to the s-form of salmonella minnesota, its re mutant binds to mouse peritoneal macrophages. the binding reaction triggers an oxidative burst, measured by a chemiluminescent reaction. the oxidative burst was abolished in the presence of either purified lipopolysaccharide or porins (outer membrane proteins) extracted from the re mutant, suggesting that both components are involved in binding of the re mutant to macrophages. in addition, fc-recognizing membrane structures on the macroph ...	1986	3005172
in vitro deacylation of lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota by acanthamoeba castellanii enzymes.	enzymatic deacylation of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from a salmonella rd mutant by a cell-free preparation from acanthamoeba castellanii has been studied. the degradation was found to be dependent on the presence of a surface-active component (triton x-100) in the reaction mixture. the lipid a part of the lipopolysaccharide was the primary target of the enzymes, which cleaved with high efficiency the ester-bound long-chain nonhydroxylated and 3-hydroxylated acyl residues, i.e. lauric, myris ...	1986	3007130
serospecific antigens of legionella pneumophila.	serospecific antigens isolated by edta extraction from four serogroups of legionella pneumophila were analyzed for their chemical composition, molecular heterogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological properties. the antigens were shown to be lipopolysaccharides and to differ from the lipopolysaccharides of other gram-negative bacteria. the serospecific antigens contained rhamnose, mannose, glucosamine, and two unidentified sugars together with 2-ket ...	1986	3017918
the fatty acid content of the bordetella pertussis endotoxin.	the fatty acid content of bordetella pertussis endotoxin has been estimated by several methods. expressed as 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, it was 0.74 mumol (mg lyophilized material)-1, 0.38 mumol being ester-bound, and 0.32 mumol in amide linkage. reported molar ratios of ester-bound to amide-bound fatty acids in endotoxins of various bacterial species range from 2.4 to 2 in b. pertussis, to 5 to 2 in salmonella minnesota; according to these figures large differences must exist in the degree of ...	1986	2872266
lipopolysaccharide structures in enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio cholerae are immunologically related to campylobacter spp.	to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (lps) structures of campylobacter species are immunologically related to those of 11 other gram-negative organisms, we immunoblotted from polyacrylamide gels the lps of these strains with immune rabbit serum raised against six campylobacter jejuni strains and two campylobacter fetus strains. the lps studied were from salmonella minnesota wild type and ra to re mutants, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and pseudo ...	1986	3079730
a novel disialoganglioside (iv3neuaciii6neuaclc4) of human adenocarcinoma and the monoclonal antibody (fh9) defining this disialosyl structure.	this ganglioside is highly immunogenic, and immunization of mice with this disialoganglioside fraction coated on salmonella minnesota followed by fusion of immunized spleen cells with mouse myeloma and selection of the hybridoma by positive reactivity with the purified disialoganglioside resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma secreting immunoglobulin g2a antibody fh9 that reacts specifically with the ganglioside antigen above but not with monosialosyllactotetraosylceramide i (iv3neuaclc4), ...	1986	3087411
inhibition of x-ray or chemical carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation of c3h10t1/2 fibroblasts by lipopolysaccharides.	oncogenic transformation of mouse 10t 1/2 fibroblasts induced upon exposure to x-ray or n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine was suppressed if lipopolysaccharide (lps) was present in the culture medium. the suppressive effect of lps was exerted within 24 h after irradiation. suppression was dependent on the concentration of lps added and lps (2 micrograms/ml) derived from salmonella minnesota r595 reduced the number of transformed type iii foci per dish from 0.39 to 0.15. indomethacin (1 to 30 m ...	1986	3089580
characterization of a structural series of lipid a obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of neisseria gonorrhoeae. combined laser desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis of high performance liquid chromatography-purified dimethyl derivatives.	monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of serum-sensitive strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae was fractionated on a silicic acid column to yield the hexaacyl and pentaacyl mlas. the dimethyl derivative of the hexaacyl mla was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the dimethyl esters of hexaacyl and pentaacyl mlas were further purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and all of the peaks were analyzed by laser desorption mass ...	1986	3090037
modulation of bone metabolism by two chemically distinct lipopolysaccharide fractions from bacteroides gingivalis.	two separate species of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from bacteroides gingivalis 381 have been isolated. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated not only the heterogeneity of each species, but also that they represented high- and low-molecular-weight lps entities. although both contained the same carbohydrate and fatty acid components, the proportions of these differed between the lps species. the direct effects of these two species in modulation of bone resorption and ...	1986	3940999
synthetic salmonella-type lipid a antigen with high serological specificity.	a synthetic compound (compound 516), beta(1-6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate, which is acylated by (r)-3-hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoyl, (r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl, (r)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl, and (r)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups at positions 2,3,2', and 3', respectively, exhibited in vitro antigenic reactivity of high specificity comparable to that of free lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595. this was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a ...	1986	3941004
immunotherapy of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. a single murine monoclonal antibody provides cross-genera protection.	previous experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of polyclonal antibody directed against the core lipopolysaccharide (lps)-lipid a component of endotoxin to reduce mortality. we sought to characterize the ability of a single murine monoclonal igg1 antibody (8a1 mab) to react to a variety of gram-negative microorganisms, to promote phagocytosis, and to provide protection during experimental murine sepsis. the 8a1 mab reacted to various gram-negative bacterial whole cell an ...	1986	3942500
endotoxin inactivating activity of rat serum.	the ability of rat serum to inactivate endotoxin (lps) was assessed with the aid of the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. following the addition of various amounts of endotoxin to normal serum the mixture was incubated for 1 hr at 37 degrees c and the residual endotoxin activity determined. one milliliter of rat serum inactivated between 5 and 10 micrograms escherichia coli lps per hour. heating serum for 45 min at 56 degrees c resulted in loss of 80-90% of the lps inhibitor (lpsi) activity. serum ...	1986	3945619
pasteurellosis in laboratory rabbits: characterization of lipopolysaccharides of pasteurella multocida by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot techniques, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of five isolates of pasteurella multocida from rabbits were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of purified unaggregated lpss resembled those of semirough strains of gram-negative enterobacteria and consisted of one or two bands that migrated within an interval just ahead or slightly behind the ...	1986	3744546
antibody-independent activation of the classical pathway of human serum complement by lipid a is restricted to re-chemotype lipopolysaccharide and purified lipid a.	incubation of most bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) with normal human sera at 37 degrees c activates the serum complement system, resulting in decreased levels of hemolytic complement. a panel of r-chemotype lps preparations isolated from salmonella minnesota rough mutant strains, as well as smooth wild-type lps from s. minnesota, escherichia coli o55-b5, serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterolitica, were used to examine the effect of lps polysaccharide chain length on lps lipid (lipid a)-d ...	1986	3744547
methylation analysis of the heptose/3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid region (inner core) of the lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota rough mutants.	a modified methylation analysis is described which allows the elucidation of the structure of the inner core region [heptose/3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo)] of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) of salmonella minnesota rough mutants (re, strain r595; and rd2p-, strain r4). methylation, carboxyl-reduction, remethylation, hydrolysis, carbonyl-reduction, and acetylation of the re-mutant lps yielded the 2,6-di-o-acetyl and 2,4,6-tri-o-acetyl derivatives of partially methylated 3-deo ...	1986	3756946
inhibition by antibiotics of rb salmonella binding to human peripheral blood lymphocytes.	several lines of evidence point out that salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) possesses the capacity to adhere spontaneously to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. the binding is mediated via the lipopolysaccharide moiety of the bacterial outer membrane. in this report, we have evaluated the effects of various antibiotics on bacterial binding. our data show that trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and erythromycin significantly decrease rb binding, while gentamicin and sisomicin are withou ...	1986	3759441
mechanism of human platelet activation by endotoxic glycolipid-bearing mutant re595 of salmonella minnesota.	the mechanism through which human blood platelets interact with gram-negative bacteria with well-defined structural variations in endotoxic lipopolysaccharide was studied. secretion of 14c-serotonin and aggregation of platelets separated from plasma proteins were observed on challenge with rough mutant re595 of salmonella minnesota possessing a glycolipid outer layer composed of lipid a and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (kdo) but lacking heptose phosphate in the core and o-polysaccharide in its outer p ...	1986	3768528
chemical, biological, and immunochemical properties of the chlamydia psittaci lipopolysaccharide.	the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia psittaci was extracted from yolk sac-grown elementary bodies, purified, and characterized chemically, immunochemically, and biologically. the lps contained d-galactosamine, d-glucosamine, phosphorus, long-chain fatty acids, and 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid in the molar ratio of approximately 1:2:2:6:5. the antigenic properties of the isolated lps were compared with those of the lps from chlamydia trachomatis and salmonella minnesota re by the passi ...	1986	3770953
neutrophil stimulation by lipid a and lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnesota.		1986	3778779
relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. acid-treated salmonella minnesota r595 (re) enhances immune responsiveness in patients with gynecologic malignancies.	nine patients with gynecologic malignancies (six cervix, two endometrium and one ovary) were injected with acid-treated salmonella minnesota r595 (re). patients received a total of four injections (at increasing doses from 0.5 to 3 micrograms) every 2 weeks. all patients, before treatment, had a severe impairment of their immune system either of cell-mediated immunity (leukocyte inhibiting factor activity) or non-specific immunity (polymorphonuclear cell and/or monocyte-mediated phagocytosis and ...	1986	3804533
monoclonal antibody against bacterial lipopolysaccharide cross-reacts with dna-histone.	monoclonal antibodies to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) were prepared by fusing spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with salmonella minnesota re 595 lps to the mouse myeloma cell line p3u1. one of them, designated rs01, revealed a strong positive antinuclear activity and reacted with dna-histone. rs01 also bound specifically to salmonella minnesota re 595 lps and eliminated the biological activity of lps. the salmonella completely inhibited the ana activity of rs01 and dna-histone blocke ...	1986	3542315
adherence of lyme disease spirochetes to rat lymphocytes.	in the present work, the capacity of lyme disease (ld) spirochetes to spontaneously adhere to rat lymphocytes has been evaluated. borrelia organisms adhere to thymus, spleen, payer's patches and peripheral blood lymphocytes in a higher frequency than that observed with salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) used as reference strain. employing enriched splenic t and b cell populations, spirochete binding to b lymphocytes is more elevated than that obtained with salmonella, while similar percentage of t c ...	1986	3495084
characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to escherichia coli j5.	twenty-eight independently derived monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against escherichia coli j5 endotoxin were produced and characterized. each mab exhibited a specific titer by both radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination assay. most of the mab were of the immunoglobulin g isotype; however, several immunoglobulin m antibodies and one immunoglobulin a antibody were produced. when characterized for their capacity to cross-react with purified endotoxin preparations from several gram-nega ...	1986	3514463
electrophoretic and serological characterization of the lipopolysaccharides of legionella pneumophila.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. we used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteinase-k-digested cell lysates to provide preliminary data on the lps chemotypes for 20 strains of legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 to 8). the profiles of all strains except chicago 2 (serogroup 6) were similar in the number, spacing, and size distribution of the bands visualized on silver-stained gels and were indicative of ...	1986	3519457
elisa for detection of human antibodies to chlamydiae.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human antibodies to chlamydiae is described which exploits the cross-react properties between the genus-specific antigen of chlamydiae and the relps constituent of the outer membrane of a salmonella minnesota mutant. of 100 random sera tested by elisa-relps and immunofluorescence 78% showed an absolute correlation, 15% were positive in immunofluorescence and negative in elisa and 7% were positive in elisa and negative in immunofluorescenc ...	1986	3537133
effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cell monolayers.	preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (ec) monolayers with 1 ng to 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide (lps) increased the binding of t lymphocytes to ec. the effect was maximal at lps concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml, and occurred with lps derived from escherichia coli (serotypes 0111:b4 and 0127:b8), shigella flexneri (serotype 2a), serratia marcescens (serotype 0:3), and yersinia entercolitica (serotype 0:3). the increased binding appeared to be mediated primarily th ...	1986	3484495
human monocyte production of interleukin-1: parameters of the induction of interleukin-1 secretion by lipopolysaccharides.	the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an activator of human monocyte interleukin-1 (il-1) synthesis and secretion has been examined in this study. the results demonstrate that when blood monocytes are prepared under low endotoxin conditions, they do not spontaneously secrete il-1 activity. when cells are exposed to lps extracted from different bacterial species, there is variation seen in the potency, with lps from salmonella species being the most potent in inducing il-1 activity from human m ...	1986	3484775
radioprotective properties of detoxified lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595.	in the past, the toxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) or its principal bioactive component, lipid a, has detracted from their potential use as radioprotectants. recently, a relatively nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid a (lam) that retains many of the immunobiologic properties of lps has been isolated from a polysaccharide deficient re mutant strain of salmonella minnesota (r595). the ability of the native endotoxic glycolipid (gl) from s. minnesota (r595) as well as diphosphoryl lipid a (l ...	1986	3488559
biological activity of synthetic heptaacyl lipid a representing a component of salmonella minnesota r595 lipid a.	a synthetic lipid a (preparation 516), containing seven acyl groups and representing one component of natural free lipid a of salmonella minnesota r595, has been investigated for biological activity in a number of endotoxin test systems. it was found that the synthetic preparation was, in typical in vivo endotoxin tests (lethality, pyrogenicity, shwartzman reactivity) as well as in its antigenicity and macrophage activation capacity, significantly less active than natural salmonella lipid a. how ...	1986	3490368
induction of human interleukin 1 by bacterial and synthetic lipid a.	lipopolysaccharides (lps) are well known inducers of interleukin 1 (il 1). here we show that synthetic heptaacyl salmonella minnesota (compound 516) and synthetic e. coli type (compound 506) lipid a, as well as monodephospho part structures thereof, are able to induce il 1 production in human mononuclear cells. the 4'-monodephospho part structure (compound 505) was found to be the most active il 1 inducer as compared to compound 506 and the 1-monodephospho part structure (compound 504). syntheti ...	1986	3490388
immune responses to the lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in convalescent and immunized pigs.	the immunologic responses to a smooth-type lipopolysaccharide (lps) (hps-lps), a rough-type lps (hpr-lps), and a capsular-enriched polysaccharide preparation (hpc-ps) purified from haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were determined in pigs immunized with a commercial h. pleuropneumoniae cellular vaccine, in pigs experimentally infected with h. pleuropneumoniae, in control pigs, and in immunized rabbits. the ability of the preparations to induce lymphocyte blastogenesis and b-cell activation was determ ...	1986	3490442
structure-activity relationship of lipid a: comparison of biological activities of natural and synthetic lipid a's with different fatty acid compositions.	to investigate the structure-activity relationships, various biological activities, including pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, elicitation of shwartzman reaction, mitogenicity and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-inducing activity, were compared among natural and synthetic lipid a's differing in fatty acid composition. in all these tests, natural lipid a's from escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota and synthetic la-15-pp, which carries 3-hydroxy- and 3-acyloxy-tetradecanoyl groups at the 2, 3 and 2 ...	1986	2423510
the occurrence of anti-3-fucosyllactosamine antibodies and their cross-reactive idiotopes in preimmune and immune mouse sera.	the carbohydrate determinant 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-fl), gal(beta 1-4)[fuc alpha 1-3]glcnac-r, which is also known as ssea-1 or as the x determinant, is very immunogenic in balb/c mice. many monoclonal antibodies directed against this structure have been obtained by immunization of mice with murine teratocarcinomas and human carcinomas and myeloid cells. we have undertaken an analysis of the regulation of these antibodies and of their idiotypic, structural, and genetic diversity. we have descri ...	1986	2430018
staining of o-specific polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides with ruthenium red.	s-form lipopolysaccharides (lps) from klebsiella strain len-1 (o3: k1-) and from salmonella minnesota strain 1114 were positively stained with ruthenium red, whereas r-form lps from klebsiella strain len-111 (o3-: k1-) and ra, rb1, rcp+, rd1p-, and re lps from the respective mutant strains of s. minnesota were not or only faintly stained by such treatment. from these results it was concluded that ruthenium red stains the o-specific polysaccharide chains of lps. the appearance of stained preparat ...	1986	2431251
comparison of the exoproducts of gram-negative bacteria by sds-page.	the protein exoproducts released during exponential growth of gram-negative bacteria were analysed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the following bacterial strains were tested: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia rubidaea, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella minnesota, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens. it is demonstrated by sds-page t ...	1985	2408403
monoclonal antibodies raised against neuac alpha 2-6neolactotetraosylceramide detect carcinoma-associated gangliosides.	monoclonal antibodies wee obtained by the immunization of mice with 6'lm1 (iv6neuac-nlcose4cer) adsorbed to salmonella minnesota. the monoclonal antibodies showed a specificity for gangliosides with a terminal neuac alpha 2-6gal substitution, which was demonstrated in solid-phase binding assay and in liposome inhibition assay. gangliosides with a neuac alpha 2-6gal substitution were minor components of different normal tissues. however, these gangliosides were enriched in carcinomas of many tiss ...	1985	2410031
activation of murine spleen cells by lipid a: negative modulation of lipid a mitogenic activity by o-antigen polysaccharide.	we have investigated the regulatory effects of polysaccharide-rich subunits upon lipid a activity with the use of hybrid lps macromolecules of defined subunit composition. hybrid lps were constructed with polysaccharide-rich lps from escherichia coli o55:b5 and lipid a-rich lps from salmonella minnesota r595 by dissociation of the two parental lps species to monomeric solutions with deoxycholate, admixing these lps in various proportions and reassociation into high m.w. lps hybrid aggregates by ...	1985	2411800
control of lipopolysaccharide-high-density lipoprotein interactions by an acute-phase reactant in human serum.	we have recently described several phenomena involving the interactions of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from salmonella minnesota re595 (re595-lps) with rabbit serum, which are different in and unique to acute-phase serum as compared with normal serum (p.s. tobias and r.j. ulevitch, j. immunol. 131:1913-1916, 1983). to determine whether these phenomena could also be observed in acute-phase human serum (aphs), we used aphs obtained from volunteers injected with etiocholanolone. as observed in acute- ...	1985	2412965
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the measurement of antibodies to different parts of the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide core region.	bovine serum albumin was complexed with the core antigens of either escherichia coli j5 lps, salmonella minnesota r595 lps or e. coli lipid a. these core-bsa complexes were used for solid-phase coating in elisas for anti-core antibodies. antibodies, binding to various parts of the core region were easily quantified in a single experimental set-up, which was hitherto not possible. the elisa has only 3 incubation steps and is not costly as only moderate amounts of the core antigens (i.e., 1 microg ...	1985	2413127
cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli j5 and other gram-negative bacteria.	antiserum to rough gram-negative mutants such as escherichia coli j5 and salmonella minnesota re595 is thought to neutralize the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharides (lpss). to verify that such antisera are capable of binding heterologous endotoxins, we examined igg and igm class antibodies induced in rabbits to a variety of lpss. immunization with rough mutants or lipid a induced high igg antibody responses to the homologous purified lps and relatively low but significant responses to heterolog ...	1985	2413146
[use of immunoenzyme analysis for evaluating the specificity of the antibody recognition of the antigenic determinants of streptococcus group a].	investigations carried out with the use of a celia system have revealed that antibodies in the sera of patients with primary erysipelas and antibodies in rabbit antiserum to the ribosomes of group a streptococcus specifically bind with adsorbed streptococcal ribosomes, recognizing the antigenic determinants of streptococcal ribosomes, which differ from those of individual gram-negative prokaryotes (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, salmonella minnesota). the modified celia sy ...	1985	2413662
differences in attachment and phagocytosis of salmonella minnesota strains (s form, re mutant) by mouse peritoneal macrophages: participation of endogenous c1q and bacterial surface components (lps, porins).		1985	2417782
chemiluminescence response of the human polymorphonuclear neutrophil to lipopolysaccharides.	polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) respond to a variety of stimuli with a sequence of reactions that lead to the production of "active oxygen" species, including h2o2, free radicals, such as superoxide (o2-.) and hydroxyl (ho.), and singlet molecular oxygen (1o2). some of these can oxidize (5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine 1,4-dione) (luminol) to the ground state aminophthalate ion; this reaction sequence is accompanied by the generation of a photon and forms the basis for the chemiluminescence ( ...	1985	2420454
monophosphoryl lipid a obtained from lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota r595. purification of the dimethyl derivative by high performance liquid chromatography and complete structural determination.	the monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota r595 was fractionated on a silicic acid column to yield the heptaacyl, hexaacyl, and pentaacyl mla. each of these mlas was methylated with diazomethane to yield the dimethyl derivative and purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the molecular ions obtained by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of purified dimethyl heptaacyl mla allowed us to es ...	1985	3988753
effect of ph on turbidity and ultrastructures of endotoxins extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and re mutant.		1985	3990586
[binding of salmonella minnesota r 345 (rb) to human lymphocytes: useful method for enrichment of cells mediating antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity in the non-adherent fraction].		1985	3991973
uptake and subcellular localization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the adrenal gland.	for determination of the kinetics of uptake and subcellular localization of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from lps-high density lipoprotein (lps-hdl) complexes in the adrenal gland, lps-hdl complexes were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography of 125i-salmonella minnesota re595 lps that had been incubated with 20 mm edta-rabbit plasma. after intravenous injection of lps-hdl complexes in rabbits, preferential uptake of the lps was observed in the adrenal, so that by 5 hours, adrenal-tissue-bound lp ...	1985	4014444
isolation and biological activities of limulus anticoagulant (anti-lps factor) which interacts with lipopolysaccharide (lps).	exposure of limulus hemocytes to bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, lps) results in the activation of the intracellular clotting system, consisting of several protein components. during the separation of these components, a potent anticoagulant, named anti-lps factor, which inhibits the endotoxin-mediated activation of the coagulation cascade, was found in hemocytes from both tachypleus tridentatus and limulus polyphemus (tanaka, s., et al. (1982) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 105, 717-7 ...	1985	4030741
[biological activities of chemically-treated glycolipids from salmonella minnesota re-mutant].		1985	4057552
ganglioside modulation of lipopolysaccharide-initiated complement activation.	highly purified preparations of mouse gangliosides have been demonstrated to bind to purified preparations of lipopolysaccharide (lps). in some instances, the binding has been demonstrated to be dependent upon the presence of sialic acid in the ganglioside preparation. the binding of gangliosides to lps from the deep rough salmonella minnesota re mutant has suggested that the interaction involves the lipid a-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosanate region of the lps macromolecule. the interaction between gang ...	1985	4079939
isolation and partial characterization of the extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from fast-growing rhizobium japonicum usda 205 and its nod- mutant, hc205, which lacks the symbiotic plasmid.	the extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from two fast-growing rhizobium japonicum strains, usda 205 and hc205, were isolated and partially characterized. strain hc205 is a nod- mutant of usda 205 which lacks the symbiotic plasmid. the extracellular polysaccharides from both strains are very similar in composition, having galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and acyl groups. the extracellular polysaccharides do not contain detectable levels of pyruvate. methylation analys ...	1985	4091554
lipopolysaccharide stimulation of plasmacytoma cells.	various preparations of lipopolysaccharides (lps) were tested for their effect on 6 plasma tumor cell lines. lps from escherichia coli b5:055, salmonella minnesota 1114, and r7 mutant, as well as the glycolipid from s. minnesota 595 were highly stimulatory on cell suspensions from solid transplantable plasma tumor cells mopc 315 and mpc11, as measured by thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation. even nanogram doses were effective. lps preparations from s. minnesota r5 and endotoxin-free ce ...	1985	3855479
biological activities of lipopolysaccharide fractionated by preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis.	lipopolysaccharide from a smooth strain of salmonella minnesota was fractionated into two major fractions and one intermediate fraction by using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. on the basis of the study by hitchcock and brown, it was deduced that the top fraction was mainly long o-side chain lps and the bottom fraction was o-side chain-less lps. the middle fraction was a mixture of both short o-side chain lps and o-side chain-less lps. the antigenic properties and biolo ...	1985	3872989
relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. iv. t lymphocytes from lpsd mice possess binding site(s) for rb salmonella.	we have previously shown that salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) spontaneously binds to 50 to 55% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). in the present study, we have compared rb cytoadherence to lymphoid cells from various tissues of lipopolysaccharide (lps) hyporesponsive (lpsd) and lps responsive (lpsn) mouse strains. a higher number of spleen cells from lpsd mice (c3h/hej and c57bl/10scn) bound rb bacteria (22 to 30%) than cells from lpsn mice (4 to 9%). rb bound mainly to t cells, ...	1985	3876386
evidence for direct binding of the first component of complement, c1, to outer membrane proteins from salmonella minnesota.		1985	3878768
high-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella minnesota, and escherichia coli.	lipopolysaccharide from smooth strains of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella minnesota, and escherichia coli o111:b4, o55:b5, and o127:b8 was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. all lipopolysaccharide samples separated into three major populations. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fractions from s. typhimurium and s. minnesota indicated that the three peaks were made up of molecules with average o-antigen lengths of (i) 70 or more repeat units, (ii) 30 ...	1985	3886631
selective detection of 3-deoxymannooctulosonic acid in intact lipopolysaccharides by spin-echo 13c nmr.	the 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid (kdo) region of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from the heptoseless mutant salmonella minnesota r595 and inner core and heptoseless mutants derived from escherichia coli k12 was studied by 13c nmr spectroscopy. a spin-echo spectral editing technique was employed for the selective detection of the quaternary anomeric carbon of ketosidically linked kdo. only two quaternary carbon resonances attributable to kdo were detected in the anomeric carbon spectral region of e ...	1985	3902810
bacterial lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate acetate, and muramyl dipeptide stimulate the expression of a human monocyte surface antigen, mo3e.	exposure of mononuclear phagocytes to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), phorbol myristate acetate (pma), or muramyl dipeptide (mdp) is known to stimulate a variety of cellular activities that include increases in phagocytosis, oxidative metabolism, synthesis and secretion of monokines, and cytotoxicity of microbes and tumor cells. we now report that culture of human peripheral blood monocytes in medium containing lps, phorbol compounds, or mdp also results in the acquired expression of a plasm ...	1985	3934269
toxicity of d-galactosamine for rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture.	hepatocellular injury was induced by exposure of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes to 4 mm d-galactosamine. the cell damage was very similar to that seen in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver, both in biochemical and in structural terms. the severity of the lesions caused by d-galactosamine was dependent on the age of the culture being treated. less severe damage was found with older cultures. since the primary metabolic effects of d-galactosamine were age-independent, the reduction i ...	1985	2857129
specific binding of endotoxin to human monocytes and mouse macrophages: serum requirement.	specific binding of bordetella pertussis and neisseria meningitidis endotoxins to human monocytes and murine macrophages was demonstrated. binding of b. pertussis endotoxin could be inhibited by endotoxins of salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the origin of the lipopolysaccharides and on the origin of the mononuclear phagocytic cells. the binding of b. pertussis and n. meningitidis endotoxins which was mediated by the po ...	1985	2857597
immunomodulation by bordetella pertussis: antiviral effects.	treatment of mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide extracted from b. pertussis will effect resistance to rabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, and herpes simplex virus. our previous observations indicated that treatment of c3h/hen (+/nu) and bdf1 mice with pertussis vaccine injected i.p. five days prior to a mouse adenovirus lethal dose i.p. challenge elicited resistance to clinical disease and death. susceptibility returned to a ...	1985	2872109
structural investigations on the inner core region of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnesota rough mutants.	the structure of the inner core region (l-glycero-d-mannoheptose/2-keto-3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid region) of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnesota rough mutants was investigated. using conventional methods (neutral sugar analysis, smith degradation and methylation analysis) combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) of higher oligosaccharides (up to tetrasaccharide), the linkages of the core sugars of lipopolysaccharides from s. minnesota rough mutants, strains r4 ( ...	1985	2933084
relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. iii. functional analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations separated by cytoadherence with salmonella minnesota rb.	spontaneous adherence of bacteria to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) represents a useful tool for analysis of lymphocyte subsets with different functions. we have recently shown that pbmc can be divided into 2 populations based on their ability to bind salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) bacteria. by using these procedures, here, we provide evidence that rb-bound and rb-unbound pbmc populations give similar proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a) ...	1985	2935333
the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) on histamine release from human basophils. i. enhancement of immunologic release by lps.	preincubation of human basophils with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) purified from the heptose-deficient mutant salmonella minnesota r595 enhanced by an average of sixfold the response of peripheral blood basophils obtained from allergic donors to several allergens in vitro as judged by release of histamine. enhancement occurred at suboptimal, optimal, and supraoptimal concentrations of antigen. no effect was seen if basophils were from a nonallergic donor, and lps by itself rarely caused hi ...	1985	2578909
antigenic properties of chlamydia trachomatis lipopolysaccharide.	the antigenic properties of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia trachomatis l2 were investigated. by means of passive hemolysis, passive hemolysis inhibition, and absorption experiments, it was shown that antiserum raised against chlamydial elementary bodies contained at least two different antibody specificities which reacted with different antigenic determinants of chlamydial lps. one of these antibodies cross-reacted with enterobacterial re lps, recognizing a structure which is shared b ...	1985	2580795
binding activity of a murine anti-lipid a monoclonal antibody.	in this report we briefly describe an immunoglobulin g3 monoclonal antibody, 2g6/1h11, which binds purified lipid a from salmonella minnesota and a lipid a precursor molecule derived from salmonella typhimurium. 2g6/1h11 does not bind well to purified whole s. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps), s. minnesota lps, lps preparations from a series of s. minnesota rough mutants, or intact s. typhimurium bacteria. thus, there are antigenic determinants in purified lipid a which are not exposed when ...	1985	2580797
[demonstration of a species specific determinant of bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharides using monoclonal antibodies].	the reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies to bacteroides fragilis was tested (elisa) with 37 strains of b. fragilis, 1 strain each of b. thetaiotaomicron, b. ovatus, b. vulgatus and b. eggerthii, 1 strain of fusobacterium, as well as pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 strains), e coli (8 strains), klebsiella (2 strains), yersinia enterocolitica (1 strain) and lps from salmonella minnesota. both monoclonal antibodies proved to be specific for b. fragilis. the determinants recognized by these antibodies ...	1985	2581371
characterization of two different antibody specificities recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in free lipid a of escherichia coli.	antisera were raised in rabbits with acid-treated re mutant bacteria from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli and tested in a passive hemolysis assay with di- and monophosphorylated free lipid a of e. coli (lipa-ac and lipa-hcl, respectively) coated onto sheep erythrocytes. depending on the acid used to prepare the immunogen (acetic versus hydrochloric acid), different antibody specificities were obtained. antiserum prepared against hcl-treated bacteria was found to react with both antigen ...	1985	2581900
addition of perchloric acid to blood samples for colorimetric limulus test using chromogenic substrate: comparison with conventional procedures and clinical applications.	preexposure of blood samples to perchloric acid permitted an accurate, quantitative measurement of endotoxin levels as low as 1 pg/ml using a colorimetric limulus test. conventional chloroform and dilution-heating methods were unsatisfactory because of high residual nonspecific amidolytic activity and poor recovery. the normal peripheral plasma endotoxin level was less than 10 pg/ml when escherichia coli 0111:b4 endotoxin was used as a reference. one nanogram in this assay was equivalent to 2.9 ...	1984	6088654
chemical and ultrastructural comparison of endotoxins extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and r mutants.	endotoxic lipopolysaccharide and glycolipids ( rgl ) extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and r mutant cells ( chemotypes ra, rb, rc, rd1, and rd2 ), respectively, with hot phenol-water (pw) and phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (pcp) were analyzed chemically and electron microscopically. all rgl extracted with pw ( rgl -pw) contained excess amounts of phosphate, o-ester linked fatty acids and neutral sugars, while all rgl extracted with pcp ( rgl -pcp) contained excess amounts of free ...	1984	6203017
lipid a fractions analyzed by a technique involving thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with alkaline phosphatase as enzyme, was used for the study of antigenicity of lipid a fractions directly on thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) plates. for visualization a gel slab containing the enzyme substrate was placed on the plate containing enzyme-conjugated antibodies. the plate was read by a thin-layer chromatogram spectrophotometer. the immunoassay was both highly specific and quite sensitive. sensitivity was superior to levels obtain ...	1984	6365543
ocular localization of circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from a rough strain of salmonella minnesota ( re595 ) containing primarily lipid a was used to study tissue distribution following its intravenous injection in rabbits. for this purpose, the re595 was either labelled with 125iodine (125i) and localization quantitated by gamma radiation spectrometry and radioautography of different tissues or a fluorescein labelled antibody to re595 was employed. localization of [125i]- re595 or lps was looked for at ...	1984	6373334
monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli j5 lipopolysaccharide: cross-reaction with other gram-negative bacterial species.	four monoclonal antibodies against escherichia coli j5 were studied. each of these monoclonal antibodies reacted with purified lipopolysaccharides from e. coli j5, the deep rough mutant salmonella minnesota re595, agrobacterium tumefaciens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 as well as with the purified lipid a of p. aeruginosa. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using the outer membranes from a variety of gram-negative bacteria demonstrated that these lipid a-specific monoclonal antibodies interac ...	1984	6381310
lipid a and immunotherapy.	endotoxin isolated from re mutants of salmonella typhimurium or salmonella minnesota and consisting only of 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid (kdo) and lipid a synergistically enhances the ability of mycobacterial cell wall skeleton (cws) to regress transplantable, line-10 tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) in syngeneic guinea pigs. tumor regression is rapid, and systemic tumor immunity concomitantly develops when as little as 50 micrograms of each of these two components is combined and injected in ...	1984	6382555
relationship between immune system and gram negative bacteria. i. spontaneous binding of smooth and rough salmonella to human peripheral blood lymphocytes.	over the past years many reports have emphasized that either gram positive or gram negative bacteria possess the ability to bind spontaneously to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl). here, bacterial binding to human pbl has been studied by using a smooth (s) salmonella typhimurium lt-2 and two rough (r) mutants of salmonella minnesota r 345 (rb) and r 595 (re), which possess specific deletions in their lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecule. our results provide evidence that all three bacterial ...	1984	6383666
heterogeneity of lipid a: comparison of lipid a types from different gram-negative bacteria.	chloroform-soluble purified lipid a preparations from 10 sources, including five escherichia coli strains (eh100, k-12, o127, o111, rcdc), two salmonella strains (salmonella typhimurium, salmonella minnesota r595), shigella sonnei ii, and a hybrid of shigella flexneri and e. coli k-12, were compared with lipid a from s. flexneri. purified lipid a from s. flexneri was earlier found to be composed of eight fractions. the various lipid a preparations were assayed by thin-layer chromatography. chrom ...	1984	6384185
isolation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose, the assumed substrate of heptose transferase(s), from salmonella minnesota r595 and shigella sonnei re mutants.	from heptose transferase-less re mutants of salmonella minnesota and shigella sonnei, a mixture of nucleotide-linked heptoses was isolated. after paper chromatography in different solvent systems, adp derivatives of d-glycero-d-mannoheptose and l-glycero-d-mannoheptose could be isolated in pure form. the structure of adp-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose was verified by analytical methods and by transformation of adp-d-glycero-d-mannoheptose with adp-d-glycero-d-mannoheptose-6-epimerase.	1984	6384216
enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of human immunoglobulin g specific for the glycolipid of enterobacteriaceae.	an enzyme immunoassay (eia) is reported that quantitates human immunoglobulin (ig)g specific for the glycolipid (re-gl) of salmonella minnesota re 595. re-gl was adsorbed to polystyrene microcuvettes, and 100 microliters of appropriately diluted lots of human plasma or affinity-purified rabbit anti-re-gl igg was added to the cuvettes. the cuvettes were incubated, washed, and then reacted with staphylococcus aureus protein a-peroxidase. after a final wash the substrate 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzth ...	1984	6386298
difference in susceptibility to gram-negative urinary tract infection between c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice.	the difference in susceptibility to urinary tract infection between c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice was tested for with gram-negative strains differing in lipopolysaccharide composition. recently, impaired clearance of escherichia coli from the kidney of c3h/hej compared to c3h/hen mice was shown to be correlated with the lps low responsiveness. in this study, a difference in clearance from the kidneys of c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice was found only with lipopolysaccharide-containing bacteria. gram-positive ...	1984	6389367
phase-i study of intravenous modified lipid a.	endotoxin and the lipid-a portion of the molecule have a variety of biological effects, including the induction of necrosis and regression of malignancy. to date extensive clinical trials of endotoxin as a potential therapeutic agent have been shunned due to the toxicity of the material. several lipid-a analogues have been described which have reduced toxicity and retain antitumor activity. we have investigated in a phase-i trial the clinical toxicity and immunological effects of monophosphoryl ...	1984	6391653
enhancement of endotoxicity and reactivity with carbocyanine dye by sonication of lipopolysaccharide.	the specificity of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) in the carbocyanine dye reaction was investigated, and then a stoichiometric study of the dye-lps interaction was conducted with attention to the relationship of biological activities of lps to the reactivity with the dye. absorption maxima of some bacterial components in the dye reaction were as follows; lps from both escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and lipid a from e. coli lps, 465 nm; shigella flexneri lps, 460 nm; salmonella ...	1984	6442756
concepts of the chemical structure of lipid a.	lipid a represents the covalently bound lipid component of lipopolysaccharides (lps), the endotoxins and o antigens of gram-negative bacteria. lipid a's of endotoxically active lps consist of a beta(1'----6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide that carries phosphoryl groups in positions 1 and 4'. depending on the origin of lipid a, nonacylated, nitrogen-containing residues may be bound to these phosphoryl groups. as shown in enterobacterial lipid a's, available hydroxyl groups of the d-glucosamine ...	1984	6474002