Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the arabidopsis patatin-like protein 2 (plp2) plays an essential role in cell death execution and differentially affects biosynthesis of oxylipins and resistance to pathogens. | we previously reported that patatin-like protein 2 (plp2), a pathogen-induced patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase, promotes cell death and negatively affects arabidopsis resistance to the fungus botrytis cinerea and to the bacteria pseudomonas syringae. we show here that, on the contrary, plp2 contributes to resistance to cucumber mosaic virus, an obligate parasite inducing the hypersensitive response. these contrasted impacts on different pathosystems were also reflected by differential effects o ... | 2009 | 19271961 |
| trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from vigna mungo seeds. | three trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors were isolated from seeds of the black gram (vigna mungo) with a procedure that entailed cation exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose, anion exchange chromatography on q-sepharose, ion exchange chromatography by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) on mono q and mono s, and gel filtration by fplc on superdex 75. two of the trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors were adsorbed on the first four types of chromatographic media. all three inhibitors have a molecul ... | 2009 | 19275741 |
| regulation of defense and cryoprotective proteins by high levels of co(2) in annona fruit stored at chilling temperature. | this study focuses on how the length of exposure to chilling temperature and atmosphere storage conditions regulate the hydrolytic activity and expression of chitinase (pr-q) and 1,3-beta-glucanase (pr-2) isoenzymes in cherimoyas (annona cherimola mill.). storage at 6 degrees c modified the expression of constitutive isoenzymes and induced the appearance of novel acidic chitinases, achi26 and achi24, at the onset of the storage period, and of a basic chitinase, bchi33, after prolonged storage. t ... | 2009 | 18538447 |
| plant defense responses in opium poppy cell cultures revealed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. | opium poppy (papaver somniferum) produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesic morphine and the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. in contrast to the plant, cell cultures of opium poppy do not accumulate alkaloids constitutively but produce sanguinarine in response to treatment with certain fungal-derived elicitors. the induction of sanguinarine biosynthesis provides a model platform to characterize the regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkalo ... | 2009 | 18682378 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel leguminous defense peptide with antifungal and antiproliferative potency. | leguminous plants have formed a popular subject of research owing to the abundance of proteins and peptides with important biological activities that they produce. the antifungal proteins and peptides have been purified from a number of leguminous species. however, research continues to discover novel antifungal plant-produced peptides and proteins are being needed, specially those novel ones with both antifungal activity and other significant bioactivities. the objective of this study was to is ... | 2009 | 18841359 |
| expression and functional characterization of the plant antimicrobial snakin-1 and defensin recombinant proteins. | in this study, for the first time, functionally active, recombinant, cysteine-rich plant proteins snakin-1 (sn1) and defensin (pth1) were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system. the overall level of antimicrobial activities of sn1 and pth1 produced in escherichia coli was commensurate with that of the same proteins previously obtained from plant tissues. both proteins exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the phytopathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganensis sub ... | 2009 | 18824107 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activity of cicerfuran and related 2-arylbenzofurans and stilbenes. | cicerfuran, 2-(2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran, is an antifungal phytoalexin previously isolated from the roots of chickpea, cicer spp. the synthesis of cicerfuran, five 2-arylbenzofuran analogues and nine stilbene intermediates was reported recently. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated against two species of bacteria, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas syringae, and four species of filamentous fungi, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea, cladospo ... | 2009 | 17418552 |
| [atmospheric concentration of fungus spores in ankara and the effect of meteorological factors in 2003 period]. | the atmospheric concentrations of airborne fungus spores change continuously according to the meteorological factors, and their intensity have important allergic effects on atopic subjects and opportunistic pathogenic effects on immunocompromised patients. the aim of this study was to identify the fungal spores found in ankara atmosphere during 2003 period and to investigate the changes in spore concentrations in relation to meteorological factors. fungal spores were sampled by using 7-day burka ... | 2009 | 20084916 |
| molecular systematics of the cotton root rot pathogen, phymatotrichopsis omnivora. | cotton root rot is an important soilborne disease of cotton and numerous dicot plants in the south-western united states and mexico. the causal organism, phymatotrichopsis omnivora (= phymatotrichum omnivorum), is known only as an asexual, holoanamorphic (mitosporic) fungus, and produces conidia resembling those of botrytis. although the corticoid basidiomycetes phanerochaete omnivora (polyporales) and sistotrema brinkmannii (cantharellales; both agaricomycetes) have been suggested as teleomorph ... | 2009 | 20198139 |
| effect of canopy manipulation on cane and fruit botrytis in protected raspberry. | botrytis cinerea causes disease on both the fruit and cane of raspberry. the incidence of latent and post-harvest fruit botrytis was examined in 19 commercial open-field and protected crops. many samples showed a high incidence of infected fruit (>50%), even on protected crops sprayed with fungicides. differences between open-field and protected crops, between sprayed and unsprayed crops and between two varieties (glen ample and tulameen) were not statistically significant. the incidence of late ... | 2009 | 20222545 |
| temperature-dependent growth of botrytis cinerea isolates from potted plants. | botrytis cinereo is a common aggressive saprophyte fungus which also invades injured plant tissues, causing botrytis blight (grey mould) in many ornamental plants, including potted flowering plants. several b. cinerea isolates from potted plants (pelargonium x hortorum, lantana camara, lonicera japonica, hydrangea macrophylla, and cyclamen persicum) affected by botrytis blight in the south of spain were studied and identified by pcr. the isolates showed phenotypic differences between them, as pr ... | 2009 | 20222557 |
| selection of bacterial antagonists for the biological control of botrytis cinerea in apple (malus domestica) and in comparison with application of thiabendazole. | in this study fifteen strains of identified pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis were investigated for biological control activity against botrytis cinerea. p. fluorescens p-35 and b. subtilis b-16 showed the most inhibitory zone in dual culture assay against b. cinerea, in vitro. after ten days, p. fluorescens p-5 and b. subtilis b-3 showed the considerable results against b. cinerea on apple fruits and could reduce the grey mould from 100% to less than 35%. after twenty days, p. fluor ... | 2009 | 20222558 |
| infection of raspberry leaves by botrytis cinerea in relation to leaf and cane age. | botrytis cinerea pers, ex fr. can cause diseases on both cane and fruit on raspberry. previous observations in field crops led to formulation of the hypothesis that infection of canes arose from invasion by mycelium from the petioles of infected leaves and that only mature and old leaves are susceptible. inoculation studies in protected crops were conducted to investigate infection of raspberry leaves and canes by b. cinerea with a particular emphasis on determining the timing of cane infection ... | 2009 | 20222562 |
| effect of essential oils in control of plant diseases. | in this study, antifungal activity of some essential oils, extracted from syzygium aromoticum, foeniculum vulgare, cuminum cyminum and mentha piperita were investigated against grey mould of apple. the essential oils of s. aromaticum and f. vulgare showed considerable antifungal activities on pda medium against botrytis cinerea. results indicated that the increasing of dosage of the essential oils caused to the more antifungal activity against b. cinerea in vitro condition. after 10 days, result ... | 2009 | 20222570 |
| phenotypic analysis of arabidopsis mutants: oomycete pathogens. | various fungal pathogens are used in arabidopsis pathogen studies, including fusarium oxysporum, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea, and others. the oomycete pathogen peronospora parasitica has been used by several groups and is described in this protocol. working with peronospora is complicated by the fact that it is an obligate biotroph, and consequently cultures must be maintained on living plants. there is no central repository for peronospora stocks, but most investigators who work w ... | 2009 | 20147042 |
| exposure to the airborne mould botrytis and its health effects. | most investigations into the correlation between exposure to fungi and detrimental health effects focus on the 2-4 most prevalent genera in ambient air, both outdoors and indoors. yet over 80 genera of fungi have been shown to have allergenic potential. also, there is no agreement about threshold values for exposure to fungi. one of the fungal genera expected to be less prevalent in ambient air and known to cause allergy is botrytis. in this review, we investigate the airborne exposure level and ... | 2009 | 20047250 |
| important phytopathogenic airborne fungal spores in a rural area: incidence of botrytis cinerea and oidium spp. | the effects of the climatic changes more and more frequently, favour the emergence and the development of plant diseases. botrytis cinerea and oidium spp. spores are often responsible for enormous productivity losses in cultures with high commercial interests such as the grapevine. this work aims to detect these airborne spores, before the emergence of lesions in vitis vinifera. in the rural area of amares, the seasonal distribution of the concentration of the 2 spore types, was continuously stu ... | 2009 | 20047251 |
| incidence of fungals in a vineyard of the denomination of origin ribeiro (ourense - north-western spain). | knowledge about the fungal spores most abundant in the atmosphere of a vineyard is of great use since it allows development of prediction models of the spore concentration, and therefore application of phytosanitary treatments only when high levels of fungal propaguls are detected. in this study the concentration of phytopathogenic spores is related with the different phenological stages of the vineyard, and a prediction model developed for each fungal type using meteorological, phenological and ... | 2009 | 20047260 |
| transcriptomic response of the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma atroviride to the presence of a fungal prey. | combating the action of plant pathogenic microorganisms by mycoparasitic fungi has been announced as an attractive biological alternative to the use of chemical fungicides since two decades. the fungal genus trichoderma includes a high number of taxa which are able to recognize, combat and finally besiege and kill their prey. only fragments of the biochemical processes related to this ability have been uncovered so far, however. | 2009 | 19948043 |
| gene disruption and characterization of a class v chitin synthase in botrytis cinerea. | cell-wall chitin biosynthesis in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea involves 7 classes of chitin synthases. in this study, we disrupted a gene encoding a chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain (bcchsv) through agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. the resulting mutant was not significantly affected in either growth characteristics or pathogenicity on tomato leaves. surprisingly, the bcchsv mutant exhibited a 31% (m/m) increase in its chitin content compared with th ... | 2009 | 19940935 |
| [chemical constituents and bioactivity of teucrium pilosum]. | to study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of teurium pilosum. | 2009 | 19943482 |
| phytochemical profile and anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of supercritical versus conventional extracts of satureja montana. | winter savory satureja montana is a medicinal herb used in traditional gastronomy for seasoning meats and salads. this study reports a comparison between conventional (hydrodistillation, hd, and soxhlet extraction, se) and alternative (supercritical fluid extraction, sfe) extraction methods to assess the best option to obtain bioactive compounds. two different types of extracts were tested, the volatile (sfe-90 bar, second separator vs hd) and the nonvolatile fractions (sfe-250 bar, first and se ... | 2009 | 19928761 |
| broad-spectrum disease resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens in transgenic carrots (daucus carota l.) expressing an arabidopsis npr1 gene. | the development of transgenic plants highly resistant to a range of pathogens using traditional signal gene expression strategies has been largely ineffective. modification of systemic acquired resistance (sar) through the overexpression of a controlling gene such as npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes) offers an attractive alternative for augmenting the plants innate defense system. the arabidopsis (at) npr1 gene was successfully introduced into 'nantes coreless' carrot under control of a camv 35s ... | 2009 | 19859731 |
| dissection of the complex phenotype in cuticular mutants of arabidopsis reveals a role of serrate as a mediator. | mutations in lacerata (lcr), fiddlehead (fdh), and bodyguard (bdg) cause a complex developmental syndrome that is consistent with an important role for these arabidopsis genes in cuticle biogenesis. the genesis of their pleiotropic phenotypes is, however, poorly understood. we provide evidence that neither distorted depositions of cutin, nor deficiencies in the chemical composition of cuticular lipids, account for these features, instead suggesting that the mutants alleviate the functional disor ... | 2009 | 19876373 |
| a new role for plant r2r3-myb transcription factors in cell cycle regulation. | 2009 | 19881525 | |
| analysis of the involvement of chitin-binding domain of chicw in antifungal activity, and engineering a novel chimeric chitinase with high enzyme and antifungal activities. | an antifungal chitinase, chicw, produced by bacillus cereus 28-9 is effective against conidial germination of botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of lily leaf blight. chicw as a modular enzyme consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a fibronectin type-iii-like domain, and a chitin-binding domain. when two c-terminal domains of chicw were truncated, chicwdeltafc (lacking the chitin-binding domain and fibronectin type iii-like domain) lost its antifungal activity. since chicwdeltaac (la ... | 2009 | 19884776 |
| construction of a recombinant bacillus velezensis strain as an integrated control agent against plant diseases and insect pests. | to construct a new recombinant strain of bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a b. thuringiensis expression vector (pht1k-1ac) was generated that contained the b. thuringiensis cry1ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal e. coli-b. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pht1k). this vector was introduced into a b. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities a ... | 2009 | 19884784 |
| a facile synthesis and biological activity of novel tetrahydrobenzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones. | the synthesis and biological activity of 2-substituted-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':5,6] pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones are described. bioassay results indicated that these compounds have antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea at a concentration of 50mg/l. in addition, compounds 5m and 5n were effective to both kb cells and their parent multidrug resistant kbv200 cells with the overexpression of abcb1. for example, compound 5m showed the best inhibition against kb and kb ... | 2009 | 19846302 |
| amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungus b. cinerea. | metabolic changes that occur in host tissues during a necrotrophic plant/fungal interaction have been poorly investigated. whereas carbon metabolism reprogramming and photosynthesis disturbances have been studied, data on plant amino acids stores during infection are scarce. here we report an analysis of sunflower cotyledon amino acid content during infection with the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea, by using (13)c-nmr spectroscopy. a rapid disappearance of plant amino acids was observed, m ... | 2009 | 19847103 |
| induced plant volatiles allow sensitive monitoring of plant health status in greenhouses. | a novel approach to support the inspection of greenhouse crops is based on the measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted by unhealthy plants. this approach has attracted some serious interest over the last decade. in pursuit of this interest, we performed several experiments at the laboratory-scale to pinpoint marker volatiles that can be used to indicate certain health problems. in addition to these laboratory experiments, pilot and model studies were performed in order to verify the va ... | 2009 | 19847108 |
| development of a taqman real-time pcr assay for quantification of airborne conidia of botrytis squamosa and management of botrytis leaf blight of onion. | the use of a dna-based method for quantifying airborne inoculum of botrytis squamosa, a damaging pathogen of onion, was investigated. a method for purifying dna from conidia collected using rotating-arm samplers and quantifying it using a taqman real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay is described. the sensitivity of the qpcr assay was high, with a detection limit of 2 conidia/rod. a linear relationship between numbers of conidia counted with a compound microscope and those ... | 2009 | 19821731 |
| conserved functions of arabidopsis and rice cc-type glutaredoxins in flower development and pathogen response. | glutaredoxins (grxs) are ubiquitous oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to oxidative stress by reducing disulfides in various organisms. in planta, three different grx classes have been identified according to their active site motifs. cpyc and cgfs classes are found in all organisms, whereas the cc-type class is specific for higher land plants. recently, two arabidopsis cc-type grxs, roxy1 and roxy2, were shown to exert crucial functions in petal and anther initiation and diffe ... | 2009 | 19825617 |
| arabidopsis extra large g-protein 2 (xlg2) interacts with the gbeta subunit of heterotrimeric g protein and functions in disease resistance. | heterotrimeric gtp-binding proteins, which consist of galpha, gbeta, and ggamma subunits, play important roles in transducing extracellular signals perceived by cell surface receptors into intracellular physiological responses. in addition to a single prototypical galpha protein (gpa1), arabidopsis has three unique galpha-like proteins, known as xlg1, xlg2, and xlg3, that have been found to be localized in nuclei, although their functions and mode of action remain largely unknown. through a tran ... | 2009 | 19825634 |
| aeromycological profile of indoor and outdoor environments. | the aim of this work was to determine the differences between indoor and outdoor aeromicological composition. the aerobiological study was performed, from 15 january to 14 april 2008, using two volumetric spore traps, one placed indoors and another positioned outdoors on the roof of the faculdade de ciências building. a total of 23 000 spores were sampled outdoors and 15 500 spores were identified indoors. in both environments, the most abundant fungal spores were cladosporium, aspergillus/penic ... | 2009 | 20449225 |
| fungicide-driven evolution and molecular basis of multidrug resistance in field populations of the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea. | the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea causes losses of commercially important fruits, vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. fungicide treatments are effective for disease control, but bear the risk of resistance development. the major resistance mechanism in fungi is target protein modification resulting in reduced drug binding. multiple drug resistance (mdr) caused by increased efflux activity is common in human pathogenic microbes, but rarely described for plant pathogens. annual monitoring f ... | 2009 | 20019793 |
| the response of antioxidant metabolism in apple fruit to post-harvest storage disease. | 2009 | 20420239 | |
| repression of the auxin response pathway increases arabidopsis susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. | in plants, resistance to necrotrophic pathogens depends on the interplay between different hormone systems, such as those regulated by salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene, and abscisic acid. repression of auxin signaling by the sa pathway was recently shown to contribute to antibacterial resistance. here, we demonstrate that arabidopsis auxin signaling mutants axr1, axr2, and axr6 that have defects in the auxin-stimulated scf (skp1-cullin-f-box) ubiquitination pathway exhibit incre ... | 2008 | 19825556 |
| do pathogen-specific defense mechanisms contribute to wound-induced resistance in tomato? | a network of shared intermediates/components and/or common molecular outputs in biotic and abiotic stress signaling has long been known, but the possibility of effective influence between differently triggered stresses (co-protection) is less studied. recent observations show that wounding induces transient protection in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) to four pathogens with a range of lifestyles, locally and systemically. the contribution of ethylene (et) in basal but also in wound-induced res ... | 2008 | 19841665 |
| hidden diversity of endophytic fungi in an invasive plant. | fungal endophytes are important in plant ecology and common in plants. we attempted to test cointroduction and host-jumping hypotheses on a community basis by comparing endophytes isolated from invasive spotted knapweed (centaurea stoebe, asteraceae) in its native and invaded ranges. of 92 combined, sequence-based haplotypes representing eight classes of fungi, 78 occurred in only one of the two ranges. in the native range of c. stoebe, one haplotype of alternaria alternata was clearly dominant, ... | 2008 | 21632429 |
| identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the isocitrate lyase/pep mutase enzyme superfamily using a sequence marker-based method. | aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (oah). the a. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to oah yet only the oaha gene encodes oah activity. oah and oah-like proteins form subclass of the isocitrate lyase/pep mutase enzyme superfamily, which is ubiquitous present filamentous fungi. analysis of function-specific residues using a superfamily- ... | 2008 | 17654546 |
| atrazine degradation by aerobic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet flag (acorus calamus l.). | in presented study the capability of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet flag (acorus calamus) to the atrazine degradation was assessed. following isolation of the microorganisms counts of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and fungi were determined. isolated microorganisms were screened in terms of their ability to decompose a triazine herbicide, atrazine. our results demonstrate that within the rhizosphere of sweet flag there were 3.8x10(7) cfu of psychrophilic bacte ... | 2008 | 17594524 |
| amino acids, iron, and growth rate as key factors influencing production of the pseudomonas putida btp1 benzylamine derivative involved in systemic resistance induction in different plants. | the biological control bacterium pseudomonas putida btp1 exerts its protective effect mostly by inducing an enhanced state of resistance in the host plant against pathogen attack [induced systemic resistance (isr)]. we previously reported that a specific compound derived from benzylamine may be involved in the elicitation of the isr phenomenon by this pseudomonas strain. in this article, we provide further information about the n,n-dimethyl-n-tetradecyl-n-benzylammonium structure of this determi ... | 2008 | 17597337 |
| distinct roles of the pepper hypersensitive induced reaction protein gene cahir1 in disease and osmotic stress, as determined by comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses. | a capsicum annuum hypersensitive induced reaction protein1 (cahir1) was recently proposed as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death in plants. overexpression of cahir1 in transgenic arabidopsis plants conferred enhanced resistance against the hemi-biotrophic pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) and the biotrophic hyaloperonospora parasitica. infection by avirulent pseudomonas strains carrying avrrpm1 or avrrpt2 caused enhanced resistance responses in transgenic plants, suggesting tha ... | 2008 | 17899171 |
| over-expression of the arabidopsis atmyb41 gene alters cell expansion and leaf surface permeability. | the arabidopsis atmyb41 gene encodes an r2r3-myb transcription factor whose expression is not detectable under normal growth conditions in any organ or at any developmental stage analysed. it is expressed at high levels in response to drought, aba and salt treatments, suggesting a possible role in stress responses. transgenic lines over-expressing this transcription factor showed a pleiotropic phenotype similar to that exhibited by some mutants that affect cuticle biosynthesis. this includes a d ... | 2008 | 17971045 |
| identification, expression analysis and characterization of defense and signaling genes in vitis vinifera. | the reduction of phytochemicals applied to grapevine relies on the development of alternative strategies involving activation of the plant's own defense system. the aim of this work was to study the signaling of defense responses to pathogens in vitis vinifera. we identified in v. vinifera cv. chardonnay two putative regulatory elements, vvnhl1 and vveds1, with similarity to arabidopsis defense regulators ndr1 and eds1. expression studies of these putative signaling genes together with other kno ... | 2008 | 17988883 |
| ethylene- and pathogen-inducible arabidopsis acyl-coa-binding protein 4 interacts with an ethylene-responsive element binding protein. | six genes encode proteins with acyl-coa-binding domains in arabidopsis thaliana. they are the small 10-kda cytosolic acyl-coa-binding protein (acbp), membrane-associated acbp1 and acbp2, extracellularly-targeted acbp3, and kelch-motif containing acbp4 and acbp5. here, the interaction of acbp4 with an a. thaliana ethylene-responsive element binding protein (atebp), identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. the subcellular localization of acbp4 and atebp, wa ... | 2008 | 18836139 |
| [identification of endophytic actinomycete lj20 from plant and its antifungal substances]. | endophytic actinomycete lj20 with antifungal activity was isolated from the roots of capsicum plants. we identified lj20 and synthesized its antifungal substances. | 2008 | 18837367 |
| characterization of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil resistance in field isolates of penicillium digitatum. | genetic and biochemical mechanisms of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil resistance in isolates of penicillium digitatum were evaluated and compared to those characterized in other fungi. resistant isolates were naturally occurring in packinghouses and were not associated with crop losses. for the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, ec50 values were 0.02 to 0.04 microg/ml for sensitive, 0.08 to 0.65 microg/ml for moderately resistant (mr), and > 40 microg/ml for highly resistant (hr) isolates. two fludioxonil- ... | 2008 | 18943197 |
| spatiotemporal relationships between disease development and airborne inoculum in unmanaged and managed botrytis leaf blight epidemics. | comparatively little quantitative information is available on both the spatial and temporal relationships that develop between airborne inoculum and disease intensity during the course of aerially spread epidemics. botrytis leaf blight and botrytis squamosa airborne inoculum were analyzed over space and time during 2 years (2002 and 2004) in a nonprotected experimental field, using a 6 x 8 lattice of quadrats of 10 x 10 m each. a similar experiment was conducted in 2004 and 2006 in a commercial ... | 2008 | 18943236 |
| evidence of induced systemic resistance against botrytis elliptica in lily. | lily leaf blight, caused by botrytis elliptica, is an important fungal disease in taiwan. in order to identify an effective, nonfungicide method to decrease disease incidence in lilium formosanum, the efficacy of rhizobacteria eliciting induced systemic resistance (isr) was examined in this study. over 300 rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of l. formosanum healthy plants and 63 were identified by the analysis of fatty acid profiles. disease suppressive ability of 13 strains was de ... | 2008 | 18943260 |
| genotyping of benzimidazole-resistant and dicarboximide-resistant mutations in botrytis cinerea using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. | botrytis cinerea, an economically important gray mold pathogen, frequently exhibits multiple fungicide resistance. a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay has been developed to detect benzimidazole- and dicarboximide-resistant mutations. three benzimidazole-resistant mutations-(198)glu to ala (e198a), f200y, and e198k-in beta-tubulin bena were detected using a single set of fluorescence-labeled sensor and anchor probes by melting curve analysis. s ... | 2008 | 18944187 |
| stability and fitness of anilinopyrimidine-resistant strains of botrytis cinerea. | the fitness of anilinopyrimidine-resistant isolates of botrytis cinerea compared with that of sensitive isolates, collected from vegetable crops in greece during 2005, was investigated. stability of resistance to anilinopyrimidine fungicides was determined after consecutive transfers of the fungal isolates on fungicide-free potato dextrose agar for 16 culture cycles or on fungicide-untreated cucumber seedlings for eight disease cycles. results showed that after the consecutive transfers of the i ... | 2008 | 18944193 |
| the camp-dependent signaling pathway and its role in conidial germination, growth, and virulence of the gray mold botrytis cinerea. | in botrytis cinerea, some components of the camp-dependent pathway, such as alpha subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins and the adenylate cyclase bac, have been characterized and their impact on growth, conidiation, germination, and virulence has been demonstrated. here, we describe the functions of more components of the camp cascade: the catalytic subunits bcpka1 and bcpka2 and the regulatory subunit bcpkar of the camp-dependent protein kinase (pka). although deltabcpka2 mutants showed no obvi ... | 2008 | 18842094 |
| [nondestructive detection of grey mold of eggplant based on ground multi-spectral imaging sensor]. | botrytis cinerea pers. is a worldwide fungus. it is a severe threat to eggplant. chemistry methods can do an accurate identification, however they are time-consuming, require execution by professionals and are high cost. the present paper presents the development of a ground based multi-spectral imaging sensor for the grey mold detection. three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of crop images were acquired. two algorithm systems were developed. the objective of the image processing is to obta ... | 2008 | 18844147 |
| complex genetics control natural variation in arabidopsis thaliana resistance to botrytis cinerea. | the genetic architecture of plant defense against microbial pathogens may be influenced by pathogen lifestyle. while plant interactions with biotrophic pathogens are frequently controlled by the action of large-effect resistance genes that follow classic mendelian inheritance, our study suggests that plant defense against the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea is primarily quantitative and genetically complex. few studies of quantitative resistance to necrotrophic pathogens have used large p ... | 2008 | 18845849 |
| purification and characterization of peroxidase from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) buds. | peroxidases (ec 1.11.1.7; donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase) are part of a large group of enzymes. in this study, peroxidase, a primer antioxidant enzyme, was purified with 19.3 fold and 0.2% efficiency from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, cm-sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and sephadex g-25 purification steps. the substrate specificity of peroxidase was investigated using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts), ... | 2008 | 18473941 |
| vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.). | studies were conducted to determine the effect of vermicompost on growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of 'chandler' strawberry. for this, 4 levels of vermicompost (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0tha(-1)) were supplemented with inorganic fertilizers to balance fertilizer requirement of strawberry under semi-arid region of northern india. the vermicompost was incorporated into top 10cm layer of soil, which was supplemented on the basis of chemical analysis, with amount of inorganic n, ... | 2008 | 18490155 |
| the hog1-like map kinase sak1 of botrytis cinerea is negatively regulated by the upstream histidine kinase bos1 and is not involved in dicarboximide- and phenylpyrrole-resistance. | in filamentous ascomycetes, hog-like signal transduction cascades are involved in the resistance to hyper-osmotic conditions and to dicarboximides and phenylpyrroles. the histidine kinase (hk) bos1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) sak1 are important for the adaptation to hyper-osmotic and oxidative stress, development, and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. however, bos1delta and sak1delta mutants created previously, also presented different phenotypes, ... | 2008 | 18495505 |
| [mold growth on strawberries and cherries during storage at 25 degrees c]. | mold species that grew on the surface of retailed strawberries (10 packs, 211 strawberries) and cherries (18 packs, 441 cherries) during storage at 25 degrees c were isolated and identified to evaluate the state of mold growth. mold growth was observed on 208 (98.6%) of the 211 strawberries and 193 (43.8%) of the 441 cherries. the mold species most frequently isolated from strawberries was botrytis cinerea, being observed in 81.0% of the strawberries examined, followed by cladosporium and altern ... | 2008 | 18503247 |
| cloning and functional characterization of bcatra, a gene encoding an abc transporter of the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | bcatra was cloned from the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea) and sequenced. sequence analysis revealed that bcatra encodes a protein composed of 1562 amino acid residues displaying high similarity with various fungal atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters having the (nbf-tm(6))(2) topology. expression of bcatra is barely detectable during normal vegetative growth in liquid substrates. transcript levels of bcatra are enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent manner a ... | 2008 | 18515055 |
| efficacy of heat treatments with water and fludioxonil for postharvest control of blue and gray molds on inoculated pears and fludioxonil residues in fruit. | the residue levels of fludioxonil (flu) were determined in pear cultivars precoce di fiorano, coscia, and spadona estiva after a 2-min dip in an aqueous mixture of flu containing 300 or 100 mg/liter of active ingredient at 20 or 50 degrees c and after 12 days at 17 degrees c and 80% relative humidity (simulated shelf life conditions). the accumulation trend of flu residues was determined in 'precoce di fiorano' pears after treatments with 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/liter of active ingredient at 20 o ... | 2008 | 18522031 |
| growth of phytopathogenic fungi in the presence of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides. | four phytopathogenic fungi were cultivated up to six days in media containing chitooligosaccharide mixtures differing in average dp and fa. the three different mixtures were named q3 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp10, with dp2-dp7 as main components), q2 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp12, with dp2-dp10 as main components) and q1 (which derived from q2 and contained oligomers of dp5-dp8 with hexamer and a heptamer as the main components). the novel aspect of this work is t ... | 2008 | 18523865 |
| first isolation of a novel thermostable antifungal peptide secreted by aspergillus clavatus. | a novel antifungal peptide produced by an indigenous fungal strain (vr) of aspergillus clavatus was purified. the antifungal peptide was enriched in the supernatant after heat treatment at 70 degrees c. the thermostable character was exploited in the first purification step, as purified peptide was obtained after ultrafiltration and reverse phase-hplc on c18 column application. the purified peptide named "acafp" for a. clavatus antifungal peptide, has molecular mass of 5773da determined by maldi ... | 2008 | 18687373 |
| characterization of metabolites of fungicidal cymoxanil in a sensitive strain of botrytis cinerea. | the metabolism of cymoxanil [1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethyl urea] by a very sensitive strain of botrytis cinerea toward this fungicide was studied by using [2-(14)c]-cymoxanil. labeled cymoxanil was added either in a culture of this strain or in its enzymatic extract. the main metabolites, detected in biological samples, were isolated and identified by mass and nmr spectrometry. their identification allowed us to show that this strain quickly metabolized cymoxanil according to at least ... | 2008 | 18693740 |
| new flavonoids from boldoa purpurascens cav. | phytochemical analysis of the leaves of boldoa purpurascens cav. led to isolation of four flavone glycosides, three of which are new compounds. their structures have been determined by mass spectrometry and by 1 d and 2 d nmr analysis, i. e., 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-alpha- l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- d-xylopyranoside ( 1), 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-beta- d-xylopyranoside ( 2), and 4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavonol 3- o-alpha- l-rhamnopyrano ... | 2008 | 18704880 |
| evolutionary history of the ancient cutinase family in five filamentous ascomycetes reveals differential gene duplications and losses and in magnaporthe grisea shows evidence of sub- and neo-functionalization. | * the cuticle is the first barrier for fungi that parasitize plants systematically or opportunistically. here, the evolutionary history is reported of the multimembered cutinase families of the plant pathogenic ascomycetes magnaporthe grisea, fusarium graminearum and botrytis cinerea and the saprotrophic ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. * molecular taxonomy of all fungal cutinases demonstrates a clear division into two ancient subfamilies. no evidence was found for lateral ... | 2008 | 18713314 |
| in vitro antifungal activity and mechanism of action of chitinase against four plant pathogenic fungi. | to determine why chitinase has different antifungal activity on different pathogenic fungi in vitro, we purified recombinant rice chitinase from pichia pastoris and investigated its antifungal activity against four fungi - rhizopus stolonifer (ehrenb. et fr.) vuill, botrytis squamosa walker, pythium aphanidermatum (eds.) fitzp, and aspergillus niger van tiegh. scanning electron microscopy (sem) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) were used to analyze the surface microstructure and ... | 2008 | 18720488 |
| uptake of the pharmaceutical fluoxetine hydrochloride from growth medium by brassicaceae. | since the european union banned disposal of sewage sludge (ss) at sea in 1998 the application rate of ss to land has risen significantly. land application is thus possibly an important transport route for ss-associated organic chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, to soils and perhaps also to plants. the potential for the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine hcl, to undergo uptake into brassicaceae tissues was therefore investigated in a tissue culture study under laboratory condi ... | 2008 | 18723196 |
| it3f: a web-based tool for functional analysis of transcription factors in plants. | a web-based tool, the interspecies transcription factor function finder (it3f), has been developed to display both evolutionary gene relationships and expression data for plant transcription factors, focussing primarily on the r2r3myb gene subfamily for proof of concept. the graphical display of information allows users to make direct comparisons between structurally related genes and to identify those genes that are potentially orthologous, thereby assisting with their understanding of gene fun ... | 2008 | 18771782 |
| genetic analysis of fenhexamid-resistant field isolates of the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, one of the latest antibotrytis fungicides, active especially against leotiomycete plant-pathogenic fungi, inhibits 3-ketoreductase of the c-4-demethylation enzyme complex during ergosterol biosynthesis. we isolated botrytis cinerea strains resistant to various levels of fenhexamid from french and german vineyards. the sequence of the gene encoding 3-ketoreductase, erg27, varied according to levels of resistance. highly resistant isolates, termed hydr3(+), all prese ... | 2008 | 18779358 |
| signaling pathways that regulate the enhanced disease resistance of arabidopsis "defense, no death" mutants. | arabidopsis dnd1 and dnd2 mutants lack cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel proteins and carry out avirulence or resistance gene-mediated defense with a greatly reduced hypersensitive response (hr). they also exhibit elevated broad-spectrum disease resistance and constitutively elevated salicylic acid (sa) levels. we examined the contributions of npr1, sid2 (eds16), ndr1, and ein2 to dnd phenotypes. mutations that affect sa accumulation or signaling (sid2, npr1, and ndr1) abolished the enhanced r ... | 2008 | 18785824 |
| the atrbohd-mediated oxidative burst elicited by oligogalacturonides in arabidopsis is dispensable for the activation of defense responses effective against botrytis cinerea. | oligogalacturonides (ogs) are endogenous elicitors of defense responses released after partial degradation of pectin in the plant cell wall. we have previously shown that, in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), ogs induce the expression of phytoalexin deficient3 (pad3) and increase resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea independently of signaling pathways mediated by jasmonate, salicylic acid, and ethylene. here, we illustrate that the rapid induction of the expression o ... | 2008 | 18790995 |
| a new mycoparasite, pythium lycopersicum, isolated in isparta, turkey: morphology, molecular characteristics, and its antagonism with phytopathogenic fungi. | pythium lycopersicum sp. nov. has been isolated from soil samples taken in an agricultural land in the isparta region of southern turkey. this oomycete is characterized by its contiguous sporangia having globose to elongated elements linked with hyphal filaments, ornamented oogonia, and monoclinous antheridia with large antheridial cells. the oomycete is reminiscent of pythium ornamentatum described by the corresponding author in 1987 from soil samples taken in algeria. sequence analyses of the ... | 2008 | 18795956 |
| detection of sclerotinia sclerotiorum using a monomeric and dimeric single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibody. | sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary is a phytopathogenic fungus capable of causing significant yield losses in numerous crops, including canola, in which the fungus causes sclerotinia stem rot. immunological detection methods to rapidly determine the presence of s. sclerotiorum on plants may provide growers with a viable diagnostic tool to aid with fungicide use decisions. this paper discusses the generation of a monomeric and dimeric single-chain, variable fragment (scfv) antibody with affi ... | 2008 | 18800799 |
| rlm3, a tir domain encoding gene involved in broad-range immunity of arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | here, we describe the rapid cloning of a plant gene, leptosphaeria maculans 3 (rlm3(col)), which encodes a putative toll interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding (tir-nb) class protein, which is involved in defence against the fungal pathogen l. maculans and against three other necrotrophic fungi. we have, through microarray-based case control bulk segregant comparisons of transcriptomes in pools of col-0 x an-1 progeny, identified the absence of a locus that causes susceptibility in an-1. the ... | 2008 | 18397376 |
| role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from trichoderma, in plant root colonization. | swollenin, a protein first characterized in the saprophytic fungus trichoderma reesei, contains an n-terminal carbohydrate-binding module family 1 domain (cbd) with cellulose-binding function and a c-terminal expansin-like domain. this protein was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry among many other cellulolytic proteins secreted in the coculture hydroponics medium of cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings and trichoderma asperellum, a well-known biocontrol agent and inducer of p ... | 2008 | 18400936 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the pathogen of botrytis cinerea]. | employing gfp as a reporter gene and hygromycin gene (hph) as a selection marker, the recombinant vector pkpg was constructed and transformed into fresh conidia of botrytis cinerea via agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformants were identified by pcr analysis of gfp and hph cassette, green fluorescence observation with microscope and southern hybridization. results confirmed that target genes were successfully integrated into the genome of botrytis cinerea. | 2008 | 18424425 |
| fungal biotransformation of (+/-)-linalool. | the biotransformation of (+/-)-linalool was investigated by screening 19 fungi. product accumulation was enhanced by substrate feeding and, for the first time, lilac aldehydes and lilac alcohols were identified as fungal biotransformation byproduct using spme-gc-ms headspace analysis. aspergillus niger dsm 821, botrytis cinerea 5901/02, and b. cinerea 02/fbii/2.1 produced different isomers of lilac aldehyde and lilac alcohol from linalool via 8-hydroxylinalool as postulated intermediate. linaloo ... | 2008 | 18426215 |
| chemical composition and biological properties of portuguese wild mushrooms: a comprehensive study. | the chemical composition and biological properties of portuguese wild mushrooms ( cantharellus cibarius, hypholoma fasciculare, lepista nuda, lycoperdon molle, lycoperdon perlatum, ramaria botrytis, tricholoma acerbum) were evaluated in order to assess these products as sources of nutrients and nutraceuticals. the analyzed mushrooms contain very useful phytochemicals such as phenolics, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. all of the species proved to have antioxidant activity (measured b ... | 2008 | 18435539 |
| kazachstania hellenica sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast from a botrytis-affected grape must fermentation. | four ascomycetous yeast strains (d4w13, d9w2, d9w4 and d9w17t) were isolated from botrytis-affected fermenting grape juice originating from attica province, greece. phylogenetic analysis of rrna gene sequences (18s, 26s and 5.8s-its) showed that the four strains represent a distinct species within the genus kazachstania, closely related to kazachstania zonata nbrc 100504t and kazachstania gamospora nbrc 11056t. electrophoretic karyotyping and physiological analysis support the affiliation of the ... | 2008 | 18450725 |
| sulphur and nitrogen regulation of the protease-encoding acp1 gene in the fungus botrytis cinerea: correlation with a phospholipase d activity. | sulphur and nitrogen catabolic repressions are regulations that have long been recognized in fungi, but whose molecular bases remain largely elusive. this paper shows that catabolic repression of a protease-encoding gene correlates with the modulation of a phosphatidylethanolamine (pe)-specific phospholipase d (pld) activity in the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. our results first demonstrate that the acp1 gene is subject to sulphur catabolic repression, with sulphate and cysteine inhibiting ... | 2008 | 18451055 |
| wounding of arabidopsis leaves causes a powerful but transient protection against botrytis infection. | summary: physical injury inflicted on living tissue makes it vulnerable to invasion by pathogens. wounding of arabidopsis thaliana leaves, however, does not conform to this concept and leads to immunity to botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. in wounded leaves, hyphal growth was strongly inhibited compared to unwounded controls. wound-induced resistance was not associated with salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- or ethylene-dependent defence responses. the phytoalexin camalexin was foun ... | 2008 | 18452590 |
| overexpression of ogpae1 from wild rice confers fungal resistance against botrytis cinerea. | a full-length cdna of the ogpae1 gene encoding the alpha5 subunit of the 20s proteasome was isolated from wild rice (oryza grandiglumis) treated by wounding or with a fungal elicitor. the deduced amino acid sequence of ogpae1 comprises 237 amino acids (25.99 kda), and shows 94.5% homology with arabidopsis thaliana atpae1. expression of ogpae1 is regulated by defense-related signaling chemicals such as cantharidin, endothall and jasmonic acid. overexpression of ogpae1 in a. thaliana leads to resi ... | 2008 | 18463946 |
| cloning and characterization of farnesyl pyphosphate synthase gene from the aba-producing fungi botrytis cinerea. | farnesyl pyphosphate synthase (fpps) catalyzes the systhesis of farnesyl pyphosphate and appears to be a promising regulation site of abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis pathway in fungi. here we reported the isolation and characterization of botrytis cinerea (fpps) gene. the cloned fpps gene carries an open reading frame of 1044-bp encoding a deduced protein of 347 amino acids with a molecular weight of 39.83 kda, and the coding region is interrupted with a 63-bp intron. comparison analysis showed ... | 2008 | 18464040 |
| [isolation and identification of specific sequences correlated to cytoplasmic male sterility and fertile maintenance in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis)]. | analysis of issr (inter-simple sequence repeat) and ddrt-pcr (differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) was performed between cytoplasmic male sterility cauliflower ogura-a and its corresponding maintainer line ogura-b. totally, 306 detectable bands were obtained by issr using thirty oligonucleotide primers. commonly, six to twelve bands were produced per primer. among all these primers only the amplification of primer issr3 was polymorphic, an 1100 bp specific band w ... | 2008 | 18464586 |
| the ap2/erf domain transcription factor ora59 integrates jasmonic acid and ethylene signals in plant defense. | plant defense against pathogens depends on the action of several endogenously produced hormones, including jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene. in certain defense responses, ja and ethylene signaling pathways synergize to activate a specific set of defense genes. here, we describe the role of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) apetala2/ethylene response factor (ap2/erf) domain transcription factor ora59 in ja and ethylene signaling and in defense. ja- and ethylene-responsive expression of severa ... | 2008 | 18467450 |
| synergistic interactions between chitinase chicw and fungicides against plant fungal pathogens. | antifungal activity of chicw and synergistic interactions between chicw with fungicides were investigated. conidial germinations of phytopathogenic fungi, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis elliptica, and colletotrichum gloeoporioides, were inhibited by chicw but a. longipes was not. in addition, chicw showed synergistic effect with fungicides switch (cyprodinil+fludioxonil) and tebuconazole to inhibit fungal conidial germinations. the level of synergism of chicw with tebuconazole was higher than ... | 2008 | 18467877 |
| potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi, and nematodes. | the phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of olive mill wastes have been widely investigated and demonstrated over the past decade. however, their potential utilization as biodegradable pesticides against plant pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, a series of laboratory bioassays was designed to test the inhibitory effects of sterile water extracts of two-phase olive mill waste (tpomw) and tpomw composts with different degrees of stabilization on several different plant pathoge ... | 2008 | 18471866 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil and various extract of silene armeria l. | the aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the floral parts of silene armeria l. by hydrodistillation, and to test the efficacy of essential oil and various leaf extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) as an antifungal potential. the gc-ms analysis determined that 28 compounds, which represented 89.03% of total oil, were present in the oil containing mainly 1-butene, methylcyclopropane, 2-butene and caryophyllene oxide. ... | 2008 | 18538562 |
| asymmetric total synthesis of botcinins c, d, and f. | stereoselective total synthesis of botcinins c, d, and f is effectively carried out through asymmetric aldol reactions, 6-endo ring closure, and smi2-mediated 3,4-trans or -cis stereoselective intramolecular reformatsky reaction. rapid esterification of the main skeleton of botcinins with the chiral side chain using mnba and dmap produced botcinin d, an antifungal chemical against a pathogen of rice blast disease. | 2008 | 18549237 |
| in vitro and in vivo [corrected] activity of eugenol oil (eugenia caryophylata) against four important postharvest apple pathogens. | the activity of eugenol oil was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against four apple pathogens namely phlyctema vagabunda, penicillium expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of eugenol incorporated in malt extract agar medium was found to be 2 mg ml(-1). mycelial growth of the four test pathogens was completely inhibited when treated with 150 microl l(-1) of volatile eugenol whether at 4 or 20 degrees c. conidia of p. vagabunda, p. expansum, ... | 2008 | 18554737 |
| direct fungicidal activities of c6-aldehydes are important constituents for defense responses in arabidopsis against botrytis cinerea. | c6-aldehydes, such as (z)-3-hexenal, (e)-2-hexenal, and n-hexanal, are volatile compounds formed by hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) and found in most terrestrial plants. they are fungicidal and bactericidal compounds, and are also signaling compounds to induce defense responses in plants. transgenic plants having overexpressed or suppressed hpl activity (sh or ash, respectively) showed lower or higher susceptibility against a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea. in this study, we examined w ... | 2008 | 18556030 |
| isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete gomphus floccosus. | bioautography of extracts of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete gomphus floccosus (schw.) singer indicated the presence of fungitoxic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction against the plant pathogens colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and colletotrichum acutatum. bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction resulted in the isolation of the bioactive fatty acids (9 s,10 e,12 z)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (1), (9 e,11 z)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid ( ... | 2008 | 18557621 |
| real-time rt-pcr expression analysis of chitinase and endoglucanase genes in the three-way interaction between the biocontrol strain clonostachys rosea ik726, botrytis cinerea and strawberry. | clonostachys rosea is a well-known biocontrol agent against botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold in strawberry. the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes might play a significant role for successful biocontrol by c. rosea. the expression pattern of four chitinases, and two endoglucanase genes from c. rosea strain ik726 was analyzed using real-time rt-pcr in vitro and in strawberry leaves during interaction with b. cinerea. specific primers were designed for beta-tubulin genes from c ... | 2008 | 18557783 |
| ethephon elicits protection against erysiphe necator in grapevine. | the grapevine (vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, erysiphe necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used extensively in vineyards to reduce pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and the need for environmental protection require the use of alternative strategies. the phytohormone ethylene is assumed to play a role in the development of disease resistance. in the present study, we have treate ... | 2008 | 18570435 |
| roles of arabidopsis wrky3 and wrky4 transcription factors in plant responses to pathogens. | plant wrky dna-binding transcription factors are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic responses. it has been previously shown that arabidopsis wrky3 and wrky4, which encode two structurally similar wrky transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (sa). however, the role of the two wrky transcription factors in plant disease resistance has not been directly analyzed. | 2008 | 18570649 |
| control of postharvest pear diseases using rhodotorula glutinis and its effects on postharvest quality parameters. | rhodotorula glutinis was evaluated for its activity in reducing postharvest gray mold decay and blue mold decay of pear caused by botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum respectively, and in reducing natural decay development of pear fruits, as well as its effects on postharvest quality of fruits. there was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. at concentrations of r. glutinis at 5x108 cfu/ml, the gray mold decay was comp ... | 2008 | 18579245 |
| dna sequence analysis of herbarium specimens facilitates the revival of botrytis mali, a postharvest pathogen of apple. | the fungus botrytis cinerea has been widely accepted as the species responsible for causing gray mold decay of apple, although a second species causing apple decay, b. mali, was reported in 1931. botrytis mali was validly published in 1931, nevertheless it has always been considered a doubtful species. to study the relationship of botrytis isolates causing gray mold on apple, dna sequence analysis was employed. twenty-eight botrytis isolates consisting of 10 species were sampled, including two b ... | 2008 | 18592897 |
| [roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to botrytis cinerea pers]. | under the conditions of root substrate injection and foliar spray of different concentration spermidine, this paper measured the disease index, defense enzyme activities, and contents of disease resistance-related substances in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings infected by botrytis cinerea pers., aimed to investigate the roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to b. cinerea. the results showed that after treated with spermidine, the disease index decreased by 25.4%, ... | 2008 | 18593045 |
| drill-assisted genomic dna extraction from botrytis cinerea. | current dna extraction protocols for genomic dna from botrytis cinerea almost always start with mycelium that has been reduced to powder with liquid n(2) in a mortar, and this makes their application to a large number of samples slow and cumbersome. here we present an adaptation of an existing method [möller et al. (1992) nucleic acids res 20: 6115-6116] for which the initial steps have been modified, including the homogenization of the fungus with sand and the aid of a common household drill. t ... | 2008 | 18594767 |