Publications

[helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in southern saxony--2: nematodes].	between january 1993 and november 1994 a total of 1300 red foxes from the administrative districts halle and dessau were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine. the following nematodes were found: toxocara canis (26.5%), toxascaris leonina (10.5%), uncinaria stenocephala (15.9%) ancylostoma caninum (1.7%). the search for trichinella spp. larvae was negative in all 780 examined foxes.	1997	9471417
neuroprotective effect of recombinant neutrophil inhibitory factor in transient focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat.	the neuroprotective effects of recombinant neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif) have been assessed with temporary (2 h) middle cerebral artery (mca) occlusion in the rat using the intraluminal suture technique. administration of nif (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) immediately after the onset of reperfusion and at 4 and 6 h post-mca occlusion significantly reduced both hemispheric infarct volume (p < 0.001) and brain swelling (p < 0.001), and improved neurological outcome (p < 0.02) when assessed at 24 h. these ...	1996	9117543
aberrant migration of ancylostoma caninum to the os penis of a dog.	a male pitbull terrier was presented with a history of stranguria and depression. on clinical and radiological examination a suspected necrogranuloma of the caudal os penis, which obstructed the urethra, was found. the necrogranuloma was removed surgically and contained blood and necrotic tissue as well as several adult male and female ancylostoma caninum worms. the urethral obstruction resulted in post-renal azotaemia, hydronephrosis and eventually bladder rupture. a rare case of aberrant migra ...	1996	9120864
new anticoagulant prompts bad blood between partners.		1996	8596945
the role of cd11/cd18 integrins in the reverse passive arthus reaction in rat dermal tissue.	the cd11/cd18 leukocyte integrins are necessary for tissue localization of neutrophils, an early requisite event in inflammation. we have analyzed the contribution of cd11a/cd18 and cd11b/cd18 to local neutrophil accumulation and tissue injury in the reverse passive arthus reaction in the rat dermis. experimental groups comprised animals that received an intravenous infusion of (1) recombinant neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), a hookworm-derived antagonist of cd11b/cd18; (2) monoclonal antibod ...	1996	8603998
use of a novel cd11b/cd18 inhibitory agent in a c6-deficient rat to evaluate delayed xenograft rejection.		1996	8623367
cloning and characterization of ancylostoma-secreted protein. a novel protein associated with the transition to parasitism by infective hookworm larvae.	the developmentally arrested third stage infective larva of hookworms resumes development upon entry into the definitive host. this transition to parasitism can be modeled in vitro by stimulating infective larvae with a low molecular weight ultrafiltrate of host serum together with methylated glutathione analogues. when stimulated to resume development in vitro, activated larvae of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum released a 42-kda protein, termed ancylostoma-secreted protein (asp). asp was the ...	1996	8636085
solvent-accessible residues on the metal ion-dependent adhesion site face of integrin cr3 mediate its binding to the neutrophil inhibitory factor.	neutrophil adhesion-dependent functions such as chemotaxis, spreading, and phagocytosis are inhibited by neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), a glycoprotein produced by the hookworm ancylostoma caninum. the nif binding site has been localized to the a-domain of integrin cr3 (cd11b/cd18) and shown to be metal-dependent. the recently solved crystal structure of the a-domain from cd11b revealed a putative metal ion-dependent adhesion site (midas) on the top of the structure. to determine if nif bind ...	1996	8663417
overlapping, but not identical, sites are involved in the recognition of c3bi, neutrophil inhibitory factor, and adhesive ligands by the alphambeta2 integrin.	the alphambeta2 (cd11b/cd18, mac-1) integrin receptor binds numerous ligands, including neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), c3bi, and certain immobilized protein substrates, represented by denatured ovalbumin. these ligands share no obvious structural similarities, yet their interactions with receptor are inhibited by nif and involve the i domain, a stretch of approximately 200 amino acids in the alpham subunit. recombinant wild-type and mutant forms of alphambeta2 have been used to compare the ...	1996	8663418
immunoglobulin g subclass antibodies against excretory/secretory antigens of ancylostoma caninum in human enteric infections.	most patients with proven or suspected enteric infection with the common hookworm of dogs, ancylostoma caninum, produce immunoglobulin g (igg) and ige antibodies to an immunodominant excretory/secretory antigen (ac68) of the parasite. these antibodies were detected in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blots; the western blot to detect igg antibodies to ac68 was the most specific and sensitive. the subclasses of igg of the antibody response to the parasite were analyzed u ...	1996	8686791
immunochemical characterization of ancylostoma caninum antigens.	adult worms of ancylostoma caninum were dissected and manually separated into cephalic glands, cervical glands, intestine, esophagus and cuticula. these fractions as well as third stage larvae were fractionated with triton x-114 into water soluble (hydrophilic), triton soluble (hydrophobic) and unsoluble proteins. these fractions were characterized by immunoblotting with serum from rabbits immunized either with a pool of cervical, cephalic glands and intestine, or the esophagus fraction as well ...	1996	8688863
anticoagulant repertoire of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	hookworms are hematophagous nematodes that infect a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. there has been speculation for nearly a century as to the identity of the anticoagulant substances) used by these organisms to subvert host hemostasis. using molecular cloning, we describe a family of potent small protein (75-84 amino acids) anticoagulants from the hookworm ancylostoma caninum termed acap (a. caninum anticoagulant protein). two recombinant acap members (acap5 and acap6) directly ...	1996	8700900
high prevalence of ancylostoma spp. infection in dogs, associated with endemic focus of human cutaneous larva migrans, in tacuarembo, uruguay.	a helminthological survey of the intestinal parasites in stray dogs was conducted in urban and suburban area of tacuarembó, uruguay, during winter time. eighty stray dogs captured in the city were necropsied. seventy nine dogs (98.8%) were positive for helminth infection. seventy seven (96.3%) were parasitized by hookworms. two species of hookworms were found: ancylostoma caninum 96.3% and a. braziliense 49.4%. this is the first report of the prevalence of a. braziliense in uruguay. considering ...	1996	8758550
a distinctive aphthous ileitis linked to ancylostoma caninum.	ileal ulceration is diagnosed commonly at colonoscopy in northeastern australia. this observation has occurred contemporaneously with the description of a painful enteritis caused through supposedly rare infections by ancylostoma caninum, the cosmopolitan dog hookworm. in this study, we describe the morphology and prevalence of ileal ulcers and investigate their cause. there were 182 patients with a distinctive aphthous ileitis highlighted by haemorrhage into the tips of surrounding villi. the a ...	1996	8792304
the efficacy of doramectin on arrested larvae of ancylostoma caninum in early pregnancy of bitches.	the efficacy of doramectin treatment on arrested a. caninum larvae during early pregnancy of bitches was examined. four bitches were percutaneously infected with 20,000 third-stage larvae of a. caninum on the day of conception and treated subcutaneously with 1 mg doramectin per kg body weight on day 30 of pregnancy. four infected untreated pregnant bitches served as controls. a single application of dormectin substantially reduced the number of somatic larvae in bitches and the number of intesti ...	1996	8794697
mechanisms underlying neutrophil adhesion to apical epithelial membranes.	crypt abscesses allow prolonged apposition of activated neutrophils to the epithelial surface of the colon. adhesion of neutrophils to both the vascular endothelium and basolateral epithelial membrane share common effector molecules but are distinct processes. this study aimed to define the mechanisms that effect adhesion, independent of transmigration, to the apical epithelium. ht29 (cl 19a) cells were grown to confluency and incubated with neutrophils under conditions of: (i) neutrophil stimul ...	1996	8801197
cryopreservation of sheathed third-stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum (hookworm of dogs) and ancylostoma tubaeforme (hookworm of cats).	sheathed infective third-stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma tubaeforme were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. the survival rates, as assessed by motility, were a. caninum 49.2% and a. tubaeforme 51,5% after 30 d of cryopreservation.	1996	8856767
acasp, a gene encoding a cathepsin d-like aspartic protease from the hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	intestinal infection with the zoonotic hookworm ancylostoma caninum can provoke human eosinophilic enteritis. a cdna was isolated from a. caninum, using an oligonucleotide primer designed to hybridize to the region encoding the consensus, catalytic site residues d32tgssnlw of aspartic proteases. this novel cdna encoded an aspartic protease zymogen of 422 amino acids, exhibiting 47% identity to the lysosomal aspartic protease of aedes aegypti, 46% identity to the aspartic protease of schistosoma ...	1996	8858139
attenuation of the inflammatory response in an animal colitis model by neutrophil inhibitory factor, a novel beta 2-integrin antagonist.	neutrophils are significant effector cells in acute inflammatory bowel disease. recruitment of these cells is dependent on beta 2-integrin-mediated adhesion and transmigration. the efficacy of neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), an antagonist of the beta 2-integrin cd11b/cd18, in ameliorating inflammation was tested in an animal model of acute colitis.	1996	8858748
enterobius, trichuris, capillaria, and hookworm including ancylostoma caninum.	infections by the nematodes enterobius, trichuris, capillaria, and hookworm are some of the most widespread gastrointestinal infections worldwide. this article is designed not only to provide an overview of the different parasites in terms of epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and disease but also to highlight particular areas of intensive research activity that are providing new insights into both the biology of the host-parasite relationship and possible new approaches to infection manageme ...	1996	8863041
ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide: cloning by pcr and expression of soluble, active protein in e. coli.	ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide (acap) is the major anticoagulant activity present in extracts of adult ancylostoma caninum hookworms. this 8.7 kda protein is a potent and specific inhibitor of human coagulation factor xa. using pcr, we have isolated a cdna encoding for acap from an adult a. caninum cdna library. the 5' end of the acap cdna was identified by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) using a. caninum cdna and a 5' primer corresponding to a nematode spliced leader sequence. the ...	1996	8885227
molecular approaches to vaccinating against hookworm disease.	anthelminthic drug chemotherapy has failed as an acceptable approach to hookworm control in the less developed countries of the tropics. the development of a genetically engineered vaccine against hookworm infection would be a major advance in our efforts to control this parasitic disease. we have produced several lead recombinant hookworm vaccine antigens. their development is based on scientific principles that were generated almost 70 years ago when investigators first began to attenuate livi ...	1996	8888276
hookworm: developmental biology of the infectious process.	hookworms cause severe anemia and malnutrition in developing countries of the tropics, with an estimated one billion people infected worldwide. an in vitro system that models the early events of infection has provided new information about the linkage between the infectious process and the parasite's developmental biology. the cloning and expression of ancylostoma secreted protein, asp 1 - a secreted molecule associated with these developmental processes - is an example of how this system allows ...	1996	8939719
a discrete site modulates activation of i domains. application to integrin alphambeta2.	a central characteristic of integrin adhesion receptors is their capacity to become activated, thereby enhancing their affinity for ligands. here, we report the identification of a discrete site within the i domain of integrin alphambeta2, which modulates the adhesive activity of this receptor. based upon the crystal structure, this region is composed of two short and spatially proximal loops, e162qlkksktl and q190nnpnprs. mutations in these loops yield receptors which support spontaneous cell a ...	1996	8939940
vaccination with alum-precipitated recombinant ancylostoma-secreted protein 1 protects mice against challenge infections with infective hookworm (ancylostoma caninum) larvae.	ancylostoma-secreted protein 1 (asp-1) is the major protein secreted by infective hookworm larvae (ancylostoma caninum). the escherichia coli-expressed recombinant protein was evaluated as a vaccine antigen in a mouse model of ancylostomiasis. a. caninum larvae migrate through mouse lungs, with maximal migration occurring 48-54 h after oral infection. quantitative larval recovery from the lungs at this time was used as an end point for vaccine evaluation. all mice developed antibodies to recombi ...	1996	8940240
structural analysis of the catalytic site of accp-1, a cysteine proteinase secreted by the hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	previously, we have reported that hookworms secrete cysteine proteinase activity that is capable of cleaving the cathepsin l-specific substrate z-phe-arg-amc. we have also reported the gene sequences of novel cathepsin b-like proteinases from hookworms, but have been unable to locate cathepsin l-like genes that could account for the presence of the cathepsin l activity in these parasites. here we present an homology model for the secreted hookworm cysteine proteinase accp-1 based upon the crysta ...	1996	8948483
genetic markers in ribosomal dna for hookworm identification.	polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of ribosomal (r) dna was conducted on uncinaria stenocephala, ancylostoma caninum, a. tubaeforme and a. ceylanicum. the rdna region spanning the first and second internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) plus the 5.8s (its+) gene was amplified by pcr from each of the species, digested separately with 9 restriction endonucleases and the fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. characteristi ...	1996	8971275
human enteric infection with ancylostoma caninum: hookworms reappraised in the light of a "new" zoonosis.	recent studies in northeastern australia indicate that enteric infection with ancylostoma caninum is a leading cause of human eosinophilic enteritis. much more frequent accompaniments of this infection are obscure abdominal pain with or without blood eosinophilia, while a large part of the population is probably infected asymptomatically. these conclusions are based on extensive serological investigations in patients and control subjects, as well as 15 cases in which single, adult hookworms were ...	1996	8971276
the specificity of the human ige response to necator americanus.	human ige responses to helminth infections have been described as both problematic and beneficial, in that type 1 hypersensitivity to parasite infections can reputedly cause pathology and/or parasite expulsion, (pritchard, quinnell & walsh 1995). in the present communication, we can report that the ige response to helminth infections may be beneficial in a diagnostic sense, in that antibodies of this isotype showed minimal cross-reactivity against antigens from the parasites tested. this informa ...	1995	8817608
characterization and localization of cathepsin b proteinases expressed by adult ancylostoma caninum hookworms.	the hookworm ancylostoma caninum induces human eosinophilic enteritis (ee), probably via allergic responses to its secretions. cysteine and metallo-proteinases may be the components of these secretions that elicit hypersensitivity reactions. in order to characterize genes encoding cysteine proteinases (cp) secreted by a. caninum, an adult hookworm cdna library was constructed and screened with a cloned fragment of a hookworm cp gene. this fragment was obtained using consensus oligonucleotide, cp ...	1995	7477098
comparison of the efficacies of three heartworm preventives against experimentally induced infections with ancylostoma caninum and toxocara canis in pups.	forty 11- to 12-week-old helminth-naive beagles were categorized by sex and weight and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (group 1, ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate; group 2, milbemycin oxime; group 3, untreated control; group 4, diethylcarbamazine/oxibendazole). each pup was inoculated po with approximately 100 infective ancylostoma caninum larvae and 100 larvated toxocara canis eggs on day 0, and repeatedly at 7-day intervals thereafter until day 56. administration of anthelmintics also began ...	1995	7782242
amplification and characterization of cysteine proteinase genes from nematodes.	in order to isolate proteinase genes from parasitic nematodes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques, we employed a pair of consensus oligonucleotide primers designed to anneal to the active site cysteine (primer ncpc) and asparagine (primer ncpn) coding regions of cysteine proteinases. the primers were biased toward the nucleotide and codon usages of cysteine proteinase genes of nematodes and were based on the consensus nucleotide sequences flanking the active site residues of genes from ...	1995	8525283
neutrophil inhibitory factor is neuroprotective after focal ischemia in rats.	we tested the neuroprotective potential of neutrophil inhibitory factor (rnif), a novel 41-kd recombinant glycoprotein derived from a hookworm, in a model of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. male wistar rats were assigned to treatment with rnif and vehicle. middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) for 2 hours was induced by insertion of an intraluminal suture. infusion of the drug was initiated at the onset of reperfusion. infarct volume was determined 48 hours after reperfusion. neutrophils w ...	1995	8526467
a natural glycoprotein inhibitor (nif) of cd11b/cd18 reduces leukocyte adhesion in the liver after hemorrhagic shock.	this study was designed to assess the effect of neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), a novel specific inhibitor of cd11b/cd18 on hepatic leukocyte trafficking by intravital microscopy 5 h after hemorrhagic shock. anesthetized rats were instrumented for invasive hemodynamical monitoring. hemorrhagic shock was induced for 60 min by withdrawal of arterial blood (mean arterial blood pressure = 40 mmhg). rats were adequately resuscitated for 5 h to achieve a mean arterial blood pressure > 100 mmhg and ...	1995	8574753
abdominal pain, pan-gut eosinophilia, and dog hookworm infection.		1995	8583307
neutrophil inhibitory factor prevents neutrophil-dependent lung injury.	neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif) is a recently cloned 41-kda protein from the canine hookworm that binds cd11b/cd18 and inhibits cd11b/cd18-dependent neutrophil adhesion. we evaluated nif's effects on neutrophil-dependent lung injury in guinea pigs. pulmonary vascular endothelial cd54 (icam-1) was induced in buffer-perfused lungs by 90-min exposure to 1000 u/ml tnf-alpha. human neutrophils (2 x 10(7)) were added to the perfusate and activated by 5 x 10(-9) pma; in some lungs, the neutrophils w ...	1995	7594491
ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide: a hookworm-derived inhibitor of human coagulation factor xa.	human hookworm infection is a major cause of gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency anemia, affecting up to one billion people in the developing world. these soil-transmitted helminths cause blood loss during attachment to the intestinal mucosa by lacerating capillaries and ingesting extravasated blood. we have isolated the major anticoagulant used by adult worms to facilitate feeding and exacerbate intestinal blood loss. this 8.7-kda peptide, named the ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant ...	1995	7597095
an investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the kruger national park.	many factors have been cited as possible reasons for the decline in the number of wild dogs (lycaon pictus), but few studies have provided supportive data. between 1990 and 1993, the dynamics of 10 wild dog packs in the southern district of the kruger national park in south africa were monitored. casual observations of the causes of disease and mortality in the entire population were also recorded. during the same period, 46 wild dogs were immobilised, weighed, and subjected to physical examinat ...	1995	7629782
seasonal influence on human enteric infection by ancylostoma caninum.	ancylostoma caninum, the cosmopolitan canine hookworm prevalent in domestic pets throughout northeastern australia, has been identified as a cause of obscure abdominal pain. to investigate the influence of climate on putative and confirmed human infections, a retrospective study of patients with eosinophilic enteritis and established infections was undertaken to identify the monthly and seasonal rates. the numbers seen each month were maintained throughout most of the year but decreased in june ...	1995	7677217
diethylcarbamazine-induced dirofilaria immitis larval death, as indicated by immunoglobulin e concentration, in dogs with concurrent ancylostoma caninum infection.	immunoglobulin e is produced in response to parasitic nematodes that undergo blood and tissue migrations. results of our previous studies indicated that ige and igg respond to dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected dogs. to determine the association between treatment with the larvicide, diethylcarbamazine (dec), and antibody responses and to examine the potential influence of infection with a nonfilarid intestinal nematode on isotype-specific immune responses, we monitored, by use of iso ...	1995	7717581
cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the catalytic subunit of a camp-dependent protein kinase from ancylostoma caninum third-stage infective larvae.		1995	7723782
immunohistochemical localization of excretory/secretory antigens in adult ancylostoma caninum using monoclonal antibodies and infected human sera.	human eosinophilic enteritis (ee) may result from hypersensitivity to the excretory/secretory (es) antigens of adult ancylostoma caninum. the origin of several antigens were identified by probing adult a. caninum with mouse monoclonal antibodies (moabs), sera from mice vaccinated with es antigens and sera from human ee patients. six moabs (ac/es 1-6) were produced against es antigens, two being igg3 and four igm. western blots demonstrated four different antigen specificities: moab ac/es 1 bound ...	1995	7731733
ancylostoma caninum: metalloprotease release coincides with activation of infective larvae in vitro.	infective stages of several nematode parasites are known to release proteases in excretory/secretory products. these enzymes are believed to facilitate tissue invasion, although direct evidence is lacking. for these investigations, we employed an assay that uses the resumption of feeding as a marker for early events in the infectious process. when ancylostoma caninum third-stage infective larvae are stimulated to feed in vitro, they release proteases of approximately 50,000 and 90,000 molecular ...	1995	7895832
eosinophilic enteritis in northeastern australia. pathology, association with ancylostoma caninum, and implications.	while eosinophilic gastroenteritis is considered a rare condition, eosinophilic enteritis without gastric involvement is quite common in northeastern australia. we present 79 patients with biopsy-proven eosinophilic enteritis, 70 seen since 1987. in 10 patients, eosinophilic enteritis was associated with infection by single, sexually immature, adult hookworms, most positively identified as the common dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum. an additional 22 patients (of 34 tested) had serological evide ...	1995	7872431
surface expression and ligand-based selection of cdnas fused to filamentous phage gene vi.	we describe a novel phage display system that affords the surface expression and hence affinity selection of cdnas. the strategy is based on a new approach to functionally display proteins on filamentous phage through the attachment to the c-terminus of the minor coat protein vi. the utility of the method was evaluated using a cdna library derived from the parasite ancylostoma caninum. cdna sequences were fused in each of the three reading frames to the 3'-end of the m13 gene vi expressed by a p ...	1995	9634780
dog hookworm: a cause of eosinophilic enterocolitis in humans.		1994	7877002
a hookworm glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil function is a ligand of the integrin cd11b/cd18.	the chronic survival of many endoparasites is dependent on the ability of these organisms to escape the host immune response. identification of the molecular mechanisms by which these organisms evade this response may yield novel approaches in the development of anti-inflammatory agents. we describe here the discovery and characterization of a novel 41-kilodalton glycoprotein from the canine hookwork (ancylostoma caninum) that potently inhibits cd11/cd18-dependent neutrophil function in vitro. n ...	1994	7908286
functional interaction between the integrin antagonist neutrophil inhibitory factor and the i domain of cd11b/cd18.	neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif) is a hookworm-derived glycoprotein ligand of the integrin cd11b/cd18 that inhibits human neutrophil function (moyle, m., foster, d. l., mcgrath, d. e., brown, s. m., laroche, y., de meutter, j., stanssens, p., bogowitz, c. a., fried, v. a., ely, j. a., soule, h. r., and vlasuk, g. p. (1994) j. biol. chem. 269, 1008-10015). here, we present evidence that recombinant nif (rnif) associates with the approximately 200-amino acid residue i domain of cd11b/cd18 and th ...	1994	7929363
hyaluronidases of the gastrointestinal invasive nematodes ancylostoma caninum and anisakis simplex: possible functions in the pathogenesis of human zoonoses.	the gastrointestinal invasive stages of two parasitic nematodes, ancylostoma caninum and anisakis simplex, were each found to release in vitro a hydrolytic enzyme that degrades the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid. the parasite hyaluronidases were partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography and biochemically characterized. the hyaluronidase from a. caninum adult worms had a molecular weight of 65,000 and a ph optimum of 6 with activity at neutral ph, while the hyaluronidase from a. simple ...	1994	7930737
secretion of cysteine proteinase activity by the zoonotic hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	the zoonotic hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, probably induces human eosinophilic enteritis by inducing allergic responses to its secretions. this species is already known to secrete metalloproteinases, but in other parasites, cysteine proteinases are involved in pathogenesis. we studied somatic extracts of a. caninum adults and infective larvae and adult excretory/secretory (es) antigens for cysteine proteinase activity using fluorogenic peptide substrates and by gelatin and fluorogenic substrate ...	1994	7943555
efficacy of fenbendazole against giardiasis in dogs.	efficacy of fenbendazole at 2 dosages for treating naturally acquired giardiasis in dogs was assessed. giardia cysts were not detected in the feces of 6 of 6 group-1 dogs (as determined by use of the zinc sulfate concentration technique) after fenbendazole treatment (50 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 24 h, for 3 doses). cysts were not detected in the feces of 6 of 6 group-2 dogs after fenbendazole treatment (50 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 8 h, for 3 days). however, cysts were not detected in the fe ...	1994	7978640
investigations into the efficacy of doramectin on reactivated somatic larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomatidae) in pregnant bitches.	the aim of this investigation was to examine whether reactivated somatic ancylostoma caninum larvae can be eliminated by the administration of doramectin to pregnant bitches. four pregnant bitches experimentally infected with 20,000 third-stage larvae of a. caninum were treated subcutaneously with 1 mg doramectin per kg body weight on day 55 of the pregnancy (5-8 days before parturition). another four experimentally infected pregnant bitches served as controls. the single doramectin treatment co ...	1994	7740860
the wild dog (lycaon pictus): a new host for ancylostoma caninum.	faecal nematode egg counts performed on one captive and 49 free-ranging wild dogs (lycaon pictus) revealed the presence of eggs of ancylostoma spp. in 12 (24%) of the animals. the captive wild dog pup showed anorexia, general malaise, pale mucous membranes and black stools. adult male and female ancylostoma caninum were recovered from an approximately 3-month-old pup which died of distemper-like disease and a 9-year-old severely debilitated captive wild dog. a single adult a. caninum was also re ...	1994	7745585
[effect of environmental conditions on parasitic infection of dogs].	the following intestinal parasites: dipylidium caninum, taenia hydatigena, trichocephalus vulpis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ascaris sp. have been found on the basis of coprological investigations of 120 dogs from the wrocłow shelter, 20 dogs from wrocłow flats and 20 dogs from rural area of kielce district. total extensity of infection of rural dogs was 100% and 40-48% in town. these differences, according to the authors, are connected with ...	1994	7801643
effect of albendazole on ancylostoma caninum larvae migrating in the muscles of mice.	when mice inoculated with 1,000 third-stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum for 1 week were treated intragastrically (ig) with albendazole (alb) 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg.d for 3 days, the mean larva numbers collected from the muscles of each group were 2.7 +/- 1.7, 2.0 +/- 1.5 and 1.0 +/- 1.0, respectively, being much less than that 205 +/- 68 of the control group. in mice treated ig with alb 150 mg/kg.d for 3 days, the concentrations of alb and its effective metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide (albso), ...	1994	7867159
the a-domain of beta 2 integrin cr3 (cd11b/cd18) is a receptor for the hookworm-derived neutrophil adhesion inhibitor nif.	the a-domain is a approximately 200-amino acid peptide present within structurally diverse proadhesive proteins including seven integrins. a recombinant form of the a-domain of beta 2 integrins cr3 and lfa-1 has been recently shown to bind divalent cations and to contain binding sites for protein ligands that play essential roles in leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites, phagocytosis and target cell killing. in this report we demonstrate that the neutrophil adhesion inhibitor, nif produced ...	1994	7528750
occult enteric infection by ancylostoma caninum: a previously unrecognized zoonosis.	human disease caused by the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum and a high incidence of eosinophilic enteritis have been reported from northern queensland, australia. the aim of this study was to evaluate patients with unexplained abdominal pain and a possible association with cryptic infections by a. caninum.	1994	8276205
immunologic incrimination of ancylostoma caninum as a human enteric pathogen.	in northeastern australia, the incidence of human eosinophilic enteritis (ee) and unexplained abdominal pain with peripheral blood eosinophilia (pe) appear to be exceptionally high. because adults of the common dog hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, were found in situ in several cases, we compared specific antibody responses in patients with ee or pe with those of individuals from various control groups. sera were obtained from three patients with confirmed dog hookworm infection, 25 patients with e ...	1994	8304575
human enteric infection with canine hookworms.	to describe a zoonotic ancylostomiasis (canine), acquired from domestic pets by patients living in developed, urban communities.	1994	8304653
the ecology of animal parasitic nematodes in endemic areas of jos, nigeria.	a survey involving 3418 faecal samples collected from three areas of heavy human and animal activities in jos, nigeria showed that 2354 (68.9%) of the samples harboured various parasitic nematodes of man and animals. altogether, twelve species of parasitic nematodes were encountered. five of these, namely: ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, trichuris trichiura and strongyloides stercoralis infect man while five others: trichostrongylus probolurus, t. colubriformis, ...	1993	8334456
efficacy of ivermectin in a beef-based chewable formulation against ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala in dogs.	the effective dosage of a chewable formulation of ivermectin was determined in 35 young dogs with induced infections of ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. dogs were inoculated with these parasites and held until the infections were patent. within each of 7 replicates, dogs were allocated randomly to 1 of 5 treatment groups: vehicle control, or ivermectin at 6, 12, 18, or 24 micrograms/kg. chewable treatments were tailored to body weight. seven or 8 days after treatment, parasites we ...	1993	8410551
observations on the feeding behaviour of parasitic third-stage hookworm larvae.	the feeding behaviour of parasitic 3rd-stage larvae (l3) of the hookworms ancylostoma caninum, a. ceylanicum and necator americanus was examined. less than 11% of a. caninum l3 recovered from the small intestines of dogs infected orally were feeding at 4-48 h post-infection (p.i.), and none of the a. ceylanicum l3 recovered from the intestines of orally infected hamsters had resumed feeding. all l4 of both species recovered at 36 and 48 h p.i. had resumed feeding. on the other hand, approximatel ...	1993	8446471
the prevalence of giardia and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the kimberley.	to determine the prevalence of giardia duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the west kimberley region of western australia.	1993	8450779
a field and laboratory evaluation of a commercial elisa for the detection of giardia coproantigens in humans and dogs.	a capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) was evaluated for its ability to detect giardia coproantigens in the faeces of humans and dogs in the perth metropolitan area and aboriginal communities in fitzroy crossing, western australia. using zinc sulphate flotation and light microscopy, giardia cysts and/or trophozoites were observed in 8 of 57 (14%) human stool samples from perth and 21 of 55 (38%) stool samples from fitzroy crossing, after 2 separate examinations. analysis of diagnos ...	1993	8465392
persistence of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern texas.	the persistence and interrelationships of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern texas were determined; data were collected at 4-yr intervals (1979, 1983, and 1987). the a priori expectation was that a defined recurrent group of helminth species persisted over time and that the respective helminth species were stable in terms of their abundances. the fager index and subsequent recurrent group analysis indicated a small group of taxonomically unrelat ...	1993	8501593
protective immunity to haemonchus contortus induced by immunoaffinity isolated antigens that share a phylogenetically conserved carbohydrate gut surface epitope.	whole gut homogenates of the blood-sucking nematode haemonchus contortus induce protective immunity in goats, and some of these gut ag are conserved among related parasitic nematode species. to identify gut ag that induce protective immunity and have phylogenetically conserved epitopes, mab were made to gut-surface ag of h. contortus. forty-nine mab reacted with microvilli of the parasite gut. two of these mab (42/10.6.1 and 42/53.3.5) were analyzed here. both of the mab bound to the microvillar ...	1993	7693812
intestinal helminth parasite community in wolves (canis lupus) in italy.	from 1987 to 1993, 89 wolves (canis lupus) collected throughout the whole italian range were examined for intestinal helminth parasites. twelve species were found, including 5 nematodes (uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and toxascaris leonina) and 7 cestodes (echinococcus granulosus, taenia hydatigena, t. multiceps, t. pisiformis, t. ovis, mesocestoides lineatus and dipylidium caninum). no significant differences were detected between sexes. t. canis ...	1993	8065823
intestinal helminths of public health importance in dogs in nairobi.	in a survey of intestinal canine zoonotic helminths in nairobi, 156 dogs were autopsied. of these, 10% were infected with echinococcus granulosus, 88% with ancylostoma caninum, 45% with dipylidium caninum and 3% with toxocara canis. all the infected dogs with e. granulosus originated from around abottoirs in dagoretti. the risk of infection in man with hydatid disease is considered to be high around dagoretti and control measures are recommended.	1993	8187655
ancylostoma caninum: glutathione stimulates feeding in third-stage larvae by a sulfhydryl-independent mechanism.	the reduced form of the tripeptide glutathione has been reported to reinitiate feeding by third-stage larvae of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum. investigations were conducted with the gsh analogue ophthalmic acid to determine the mechanism by which gsh stimulates feeding. ophthalmic acid stimulated feeding, beginning at 1-2.5 mm and reaching a maximum by 10-15 mm, and also enhanced serum-stimulated feeding. the results indicate that gsh stimulates feeding by a specific, sulfhydryl-independent m ...	1993	8253162
detection of antibodies to secretions of ancylostoma caninum in human eosinophilic enteritis.	to evaluate the role of canine hookworms in human eosinophilic enteritis (ee) in north-eastern australia, we tested human sera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which incorporated antigens of adult ancylostoma caninum. sera from the following groups were examined: 10 patients with ee (unexplained recurrent abdominal pain and related symptoms, with peripheral eosinophilia) from townsville and brisbane; 2 persons known to be infected with a. caninum and 20 presumed unexposed healthy ...	1992	1287934
[detection of intestinal parasites from dogs in tochigi-city in 1979 and 1991].	to clarify whether sanitary and hygienic conditions surrounding humans and pet animals have improved or not, we examined feces from dogs for intestinal parasites in tochigi in 1979 and 1991. intestinal parasites were detected from 109 of the 262 dogs (41.9%) in 1979 and 86 of the 260 dogs (32.8%) in 1991. among the parasites. ancylostoma caninum, tirchuris vulpis and toxocara canis were most commonly detected, and their detection rates were higher in 1979. on the contrary, dipylidium caninum, st ...	1992	1293225
weight loss, total and differential leucocytic counts in mice treated with alcohol during ancylostoma caninum infection.	females of swiss albino mice were treated with various doses of alcohol and ancylostoma caninum larvae. mice which received 40% alcohol for 20 days showed a significant decrease in body weight and in the number of leucocytes. eosinophilia was also observed in mice which were treated with 40% alcohol for 20 days.	1992	1300354
[study on toxicology of a new anthelmintic "85012"].	"85012", a new anthelmintic containing amidine synthesized in our laboratory, was experimentally effective against nippostrongylus braziliensis and ancylostoma caninum. in acute and subacute toxicity test, it was proved lowly toxic. there was no evidence that the drug induced any damages to main organs and tissues of animals. in order to evaluate its potential mutagenicity and teratogenicity, micronucleus test, bone marrow metaphase analysis, chl cells chromosomal aberration assay, spermatic abe ...	1992	1394887
[extent and course of excretion of larva in the milk of female dogs after infections of different severity with ancylostoma caninum (ancylostomatidae)].	it was investigated whether there is a linear correlation between the number of applied infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and the number of larvae excreted by bitches with the milk. the investigations were carried out with nine bitches that were infected percutaneously each with 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 third stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum at the day of conception. a clear linear correlation between the number of applied infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and the number of larvae ...	1992	1416220
[biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of ancylostoma caninum].	infections with ancylostoma caninum are transmitted orally or percutaneously. the transmission of infectious stages with the milk of particular importance for the distribution of the species. it occurs during the dissemination of larvae that follows every infection as well as after reactivation of resting somatic larvae in the bitch at the end of the pregnancy. the galactogenic transmission of larvae occurs even when, due to existing immunity, no patent infections develop in the bitch. immunity ...	1992	1425324
efficacy of milbemycin oxime against experimentally induced ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs.	twenty-eight helminth-naive beagles, 16 to 26 weeks old, were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae each of ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala 5 times at weekly intervals. dogs were randomly allocated to 4 groups of 7 on the basis of fecal egg counts, and treatments were randomly assigned. groups 1 and 3 were given milbemycin oxime at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg of body weight, po, on day 0 and on days 0 and 30, respectively; groups 2 and 4 were nontreated controls. fecal egg coun ...	1992	1429184
[the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes].	between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ...	1992	1459030
resumption of feeding in vitro by hookworm third-stage larvae: a comparative study.	third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding in vitro in response to several stimuli. experiments were conducted to characterize the in vitro feeding behavior of several hookworm species. reduced glutathione and, to a lesser extent, canine and human serum stimulated third-stage larvae of ancylostoma duodenale to resume feeding. glutathione-induced feeding reached a maximum by 16 hr and was concentration-dependent between 0- and 15-mm glutathione. oxidize ...	1992	1491295
efficacy of an ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate chewable formulation against the canine hookworms, uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum.	the effectiveness of the combination of pyrantel pamoate (5 mg kg-1) and ivermectin (6 micrograms kg-1) against the canine hookworms uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum was determined. this combination is intended for monthly use as a heartworm preventative and for treatment and control of canine hookworms. the formulation was found to be effective (99.6% reduction in worm burdens) against both species of hookworms in experimentally infected dogs. no adverse effects due to the drug co ...	1992	1532872
comparison of febantel tablets and vercom paste against gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs.	thirty adult dogs with naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections were assigned at random to ten replicates and treated daily for 3 days with either a combination febantel/praziquantel (vercom) paste, febantel tablets or placebo tablets. numbers of hookworm and whipworm eggs after treatment were reduced similarly for both drug formulations when compared with pretreatment egg counts, whereas these counts increased in the controls. vercom paste reduced the hookworm egg count by 99.9% ...	1992	1561756
efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs.	eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against dirofilaria immitis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, and toxascaris leonina. three studies involved induced infection with d immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. in 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the ...	1992	1586021
ancylostoma caninum: reduced glutathione stimulates feeding by third-stage infective larvae.	the resumption of feeding in vitro has been proposed as an indicator of the reactivation of development by arrested third-stage hookworm larvae. the tripeptide glutathione was tested for its ability to induce in vitro feeding by third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. reduced glutathione, but not oxidized glutathione, stimulated larval feeding in a specific, concentration-dependent manner. feeding began at 5-10 mm, and reached a plateau at 25-50 mm. incubation in ...	1992	1639163
identification of dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs with a coagglutination assay.	the presence of dirofilaria immitis excretory-secretory (es) products was detected in the urine of infected dogs using a coagglutination assay. urine samples from 30 naturally infected dogs were positive. seventeen of them were microfilaremic, whereas 13 had become amicrofilaremic after receiving 2 courses of diethylcarbamazine. urine samples from 20 dogs infected with other parasites, dipetalonema reconditum (7), toxocara canis (5), and ancylostoma caninum (8), and urine samples from 20 healthy ...	1992	1738064
evaluation of a beef-based chewable formulation of pyrantel pamoate against induced and natural infections of hookworms and ascarids in dogs.	pyrantel pamoate, formulated in a beef-based chewable tablet, was evaluated for efficacy in dogs against induced and natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. dose titration trials were conducted in canada, the uk and germany in dogs treated with pyrantel (as pamoate salt) at 0, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg kg-1 body weight. these studies showed that a dose rate of 2.5 mg kg-1, the efficacy of pyrantel against adult t. canis, t. leonina, u. sten ...	1991	1763481
anthelmintic activity of paraherquamide in dogs.	paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of penicillium paraherquei and penicillium charlesii, was tested against the common gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs at a single oral dosage of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg kg-1. efficacy was poor (less than 85%) against ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxascaris leonina, trichuris vulpis, and strongyloides stercoralis at the low- and mid-dosage levels. at the high dosage level, good efficacy (91%) was observed only against s. stercoralis. ad ...	1991	1788941
effects of alcohol on natural resistance to ancylostoma caninum in mice.	experiments were performed to study the effect of alcohol on natural immunity of swiss albino mice during ancylostoma caninum infection. natural resistance is lowered in alcoholic mice; 40% alcohol by mouth produced significant effect after 20 daily injections. the effect of the drug on natural immunity depended upon the concentration and the period of consumption. animals retained maximum number of larvae during alcohol treatment.	1991	1804867
[parasitologic, clinical, hematologic and serologic findings in puppies after lactogenic infection with ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae)].	the correlation between intensity of ancylostoma caninum infections in bitches and the intensity of lactogenic infections and clinical signs of their puppies was investigated. on average, 825, 1,867 or 2,125 specimens were observed in litters of two bitches inoculated with 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 third stage larvae (liii) respectively, at the day of conception. adverse effects of the infection on the growth and behaviour of the puppies were observed after onset of their second week of life: 11/2 ...	1991	1853668
effect of milbemycin oxime against ancylostoma caninum in dogs with naturally acquired infection.	twenty-six mixed-breed (14 males, 12 females) dogs were used in a double-blind study to evaluate the effect of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infection with ancylostoma caninum. dogs were ranked and paired, on the basis of number of hookworm eggs/g of feces, and treatment was randomly assigned. each dog was given either the study drug or placebo (1 tablet/11.4 kg [0.5 mg/kg] of body weight). eggs per gram of feces enumeration was done on days 3 and 7 after treatment, and dogs were e ...	1991	1883101
host-finding and host recognition of infective ancylostoma caninum larvae.	a. caninum larvae responded to environmental and host stimuli with four behavioral phases of host-finding. (1) snake-like movement was stimulated by warmth and by defined vibrations of the substratum. (2) waving behavior was a prerequisite for the passive change-over to dog hairs. it was stimulated by heat radiation and by the co2 content, warmth, and humidity of an air stream. (3) creeping direction: the larvae were attracted by heat in temperature gradients as weak as 0.04 degrees c mm-1 and b ...	1991	1917283
transaminases changes and worm burden in multiple infection of ancylostoma caninum in mice.	aspartate transaminase level was significantly increased in intestine of experimentals that received multiple doses of infection. the level of alanine transaminase rose to a significant value in liver of mice infected with multiple doses. rise of transaminases is correlated with the necrosis (disruption of intestina) hepatic cells in infected mice. changes and/or the distribution of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase with regard to the dosage is discussed.	1991	1940329
albumin and a dialyzable serum factor stimulate feeding in vitro by third-stage larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	previous studies demonstrated that third-stage, developmentally arrested larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding in vitro in response to canine serum and hostlike temperature. experiments to determine the identity of the serum stimulus are described. serum from several nonhost species stimulated feeding, but to levels lower than canine serum. heating the serum to 57 c had no effect on its stimulatory ability. dialysis reduced serum stimulatory activity by 50%, and ultraf ...	1991	1713962
hookworm folliculitis.	a case of persistent folliculitis in a 21-year-old man was demonstrated to be due to ancylostoma caninum larvae. treatment with oral thiabendazole was curative. cutaneous larva migrans may be due to a caninum, but this presentation appears to be unique. the literature concerning etiology and pathogenesis of larva migrans is discussed with reference to this case.	1991	2006880
zinc sulfide in intestinal cell granules of ancylostoma caninum adults.	a source of confusion has existed since the turn of the century about the reddish brown, weakly birefringent "sphaerocrystals" located in the intestines of strongyle nematodes, strongylus and ancylostoma. x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometric analyses were used for accurate determination of the crystalline order and elemental composition of the granules in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. the composition of the intestinal pigmented granules was identified unequivocally as ...	1991	2010861
parasites, pets, and people.	it is important for the family physician to understand that patients' relationships with their pets play an important role in helping maintain mental and physical health yet provide the potential for causing illness in the patient. toxocara canis (dog roundworm) and toxocara cati (cat roundworm) are the ascarids most commonly responsible for vlm and ocular larva migrans in humans. these roundworms live in their adult stage in the small intestine of the dog and cat where their eggs are passed in ...	1991	2011635
effects of milbemycin oxime on adult ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala in dogs with experimentally induced infections.		1991	2021256
efficacy of nitroscanate against naturally acquired infection with ancylostoma caninum, dipylidium caninum, and trichuris vulpis in dogs.	eighteen dogs with naturally acquired helminth infections were used to evaluate the efficacy of nitroscanate against ancylostoma caninum, dipylidium caninum, and trichuris vulpis. approximately 15 minutes before treatment, the dogs were given 100 to 200 g of canned dog food. ten dogs were treated with nitroscanate (50 mg/kg of body weight, po), and 8 dogs were given placebo tablets po. the dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 10 days after treatment and helminths were recovered from the small i ...	1991	2053726
serum-stimulated feeding in vitro by third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	developmentally arrested nonfeeding infective larvae of hookworms resume development after entry into the host, presumably in response to a signal encountered during invasion. logically, an initial step in the resumption of development might be the resumption of feeding. an in vitro assay for feeding is described for the third-stage larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. populations of larvae incubated under hostlike conditions in the presence of 10% canine serum resume feeding withi ...	1990	2112598
extrusion of the residual body in spermatids of ancylostoma caninum (nematoda, strongyloidea).	transmission electron microscopy reveals that the spermatocytes of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum contain an abundance of golgi complexes, ribosomes, specialized membranous organelles, and long strands of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. these organelles remain abundant until the early spermatid stage of sperm development, when they reach their maximum abundance and maturity and the production of new ones ceases. golgi complexes, ribosomes, and excess ser, which are not functional after this stag ...	1990	2160020
metalloproteases of infective ancylostoma hookworm larvae and their possible functions in tissue invasion and ecdysis.	to infect their hosts, hookworm larvae must exsheath and migrate through connective tissue. a modified in vitro skin chamber was used to show that the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale and the zoonotic canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum penetrate epidermis, basement membrane, and dermis in similar ways. these similarities in tissue invasion properties reflect the observed biochemical similarities in parasite protease composition. the larvae of both species contain protease activity that is i ...	1990	2254016
field trials of the anthelmintic efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs.	the efficacies of nitroscanate and mebendazole against nematodes and dipylidium caninum were compared by the examination of the faeces of 155 dogs. in unweaned puppies nitroscanate acted significantly faster and was significantly more effective than mebendazole against toxocara canis. in adult dogs, both drugs had a low efficacy against trichuris vulpis but a similarly good efficacy against other nematodes, with a tendency for nitroscanate to be more effective in reducing the prevalence of ancyl ...	1990	2309388