Publications

circadian rhythm in the visual system of the lizard anolis carolinensis.	the electroretinogram (erg) was recorded from free-moving anolis lizards once per hour for 5 days. as in our previous work, the b-wave, but not the a-wave, showed a reliable circadian rhythm (cr) in amplitude, with an acrophase near projected noon. both the a- and b-waves showed a cr in peak time (implicit time, or it), with the a-wave it being longest near midnight, and the b-wave it at midday. acrophases were shifted when animals were housed on a phase-shifted light-dark cycle. the erg cr was ...	1993	8369548
immunofluorescent identification of endogenous neurotransmitter content in golgi-impregnated neurons.	a combined golgi-impregnation/immunocytochemistry procedure was developed to identify the endogenous neurotransmitter content of morphologically characterized neurons. golgi-impregnated retinal amacrine cells in the lizard anolis carolinensis were characterized morphologically in thick resin sections. cells of interest were remounted, resectioned at 1 micron thickness and subjected to a postembedding immunofluorescence procedure to visualize the amino acid neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric ac ...	1993	7681517
immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing lizards from the southeastern u.s.a.	preserved museum specimens of 13 lizard and 3 snake species common in the southeastern u.s.a. were examined for immature ixodes scapularis say ticks. five eumeces and 4 ophisaurus lizard species yielded an infestation prevalence of 17.8% for species of eumeces and 29.0% for species of ophisaurus. mean intensity of larvae and nymphs was 7.1 and 2.7, respectively, for species of eumeces, and 6.3 and 1.4, respectively, for species of ophisaurus. collection dates of the lizards ranged from january t ...	1993	8410539
lactate and glucose metabolism in mouse (mus musculus) and reptile (anolis carolinensis) skeletal muscle.	the reliance on anaerobic metabolism during exercise in lizards has been the subject of a growing body of literature in activity metabolism. prior studies have demonstrated that lizards rely more on postexercise lactate to regenerate depleted glycogen stores than do many mammals. these studies prompted an in vitro comparison between the metabolic mechanisms for the handling of lactate and glucose in the muscles of a small mammal and lizard. hindlimb muscles of mus and anolis were stimulated to f ...	1993	8457001
molecular characterization of the red visual pigment gene of the american chameleon (anolis carolinensis).	the red sensitive visual pigment of the american chameleon, anolis carolinensis, is unique in having absorption maximum some 50 nm further into the red than any other terrestrial vertebrate examined. we report here the isolation and sequence determination of the genomic dna clone for the anolis red visual pigment gene. phylogenetic analysis shows that this gene is most closely related to the gecko green and chicken red visual pigment genes. we identified nine anolis-specific amino acid replaceme ...	1993	8500618
choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoidea express receptors for vitamin d: differences between "seasonal" and "non-seasonal" breeders.	autoradiographic studies with [3h]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 demonstrated nuclear high affinity binding sites (receptors) in epithelial cells of choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoid in "seasonal" breeders of various vertebrate phyla, namely xiphophorus helleri, hyla crucifer, xenopus laevis, bufo woodhousei, chrysemys scripta, anolis carolinensis, nerodia sipedon and phodopus sungorus, but vitamin d receptors were undetectable in these tissues in non-seasonal breeders, such as zebra finch, labor ...	1992	1329147
lack of effect of trh on alpha-msh release from the neurointermediate lobe of the lizard lacerta vivipara.	thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) is a potent stimulator of melanotropin (alpha-msh) release from pituitary melanotrophs in pig, frog, and fish. concurrently, it has recently been shown that injection of trh induces skin darkening in the lizard anolis carolinensis (licht and denver, 1988). in the present study, we have thus investigated in vitro the possible effect of trh on alpha-msh release from the lizard (lacerta vivipara) neurointermediate lobe, by means of the perifusion technique. using ...	1992	1398012
arginine vasotocin concentrations in the supraoptic nucleus of the lizard anolis carolinensis are associated with reproductive state but not oviposition.	arginine vasotocin (avt) is a neuropeptide involved in reproductive function in many nonmammalian vertebrates. we determined brain and plasma avt concentrations during the estrous cycle and oviposition in the lizard anolis carolinensis. there were no differences in avt concentrations in the plasma or any brain region during the ovipositional sequence. however, we found that females with an egg in each oviduct and a large pre-ovulatory follicle (diameter > 4.5 mm) in one-ovary had significantly h ...	1992	1460444
vitamin a2-based visual pigments in fully terrestrial vertebrates.	as part of a broad study of the ocular and extraocular photoreceptors of reptiles, we have used high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to identify the retinoids present in whole eye extracts of the arboreal lizard anolis carolinensis and the non-arboreal ruin lizard podarcis sicula. unexpectedly, only vitamin a2-derived chromophore was detected in anolis, while a mixture of vitamin a1- and vitamin a2-derived chromophores was detected in podarcis. these are the first examples of fully terr ...	1992	1287997
asymmetric distribution of melatonin receptors in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis.	the pineal hormone melatonin may regulate seasonal reproduction and entrainment of circadian rhythms by binding to specific brain receptors. an analysis of melatonin receptor distribution in the lizard brain revealed an asymmetry of melatonin binding in the diencephalon. a high degree of melatonin binding was present in the left habenular nucleus, but no binding was observed in the habenulum of the right brain hemisphere. it is intriguing that the left habenular nucleus, in contrast to the right ...	1992	1333346
neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of anolis carolinensis, i: gamma-aminobutyric acid.	the inhibitory amino-acid neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), was localized in the pure cone retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis by autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques. uptake of [3h]-gaba labeled horizontal cells, amacrine cells, numerous cells in the ganglion cell layer, both plexiform layers, and the nerve fiber layer. label in the inner plexiform layer showed distinct lamination. the pattern of gaba immunoreactivity was similar to the pattern of [3h]-gaba up ...	1992	1586653
asymmetric metabolism of hypothalamic catecholamines alternates with side of ovulation in a lizard (anolis carolinensis).	we determined levels of monoamines and their metabolites in 2 hypothalami dissected from the right and left hemibrains of 15 females during the right-left alternating ovulatory cycle of anolis carolinensis. tissue contents of the following were measured using hplc and electrochemical (coulometric) detection: dopamine (da) and its metabolite 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac), norepinephrine (ne) and its metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (mhpg) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (dhpg), ...	1992	1583449
a single ovary of anolis carolinensis responds more to exogenous gonadotropin if the contralateral ovary is absent.	the lizard anolis carolinensis exhibits asymmetric ovarian growth. at any given time, the larger ovary (lo) contains a larger follicle than does the smaller ovary (so). physiologically hypophysectomized females with quiescent ovaries were treated with gonadotropin (ovine fsh) or saline vehicle after either surgical removal of the lo or sham operation. the smaller ovaries of initial control, sham-operated, and hemiovariectomized (ho) females were similar in weight and follicular size. therefore, ...	1992	1577249
distribution of arginine vasotocin in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis.	the distribution of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (avt-ir) was determined in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis. cells and fibers containing avt-ir were found in the medial septal region, lamina terminalis, lateral forebrain bundle, preoptic area, supraoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus. occasional avt-ir cells were found in the interpeduncular nucleus. fibers containing av ...	1992	1600566
the effects of light on cyclic nucleotide metabolism of isolated cone photoreceptors.	a procedure has been developed for the isolation of cone photoreceptors from the retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis in order to study the effects of dark- and light-adaptation on the cyclic nucleotide metabolism of these visual cells. incubation of the retina in n2 medium with hyaluronidase and dnaase allows us to obtain intact photoreceptors with good purity (85-90%), yields (greater than 2 x 10(5) cells per retina), and more than 95% of them excluding trypan blue. camp levels are 20-fold ...	1992	1348477
fine structure of cells in the young regenerating spinal cord of the lizard anolis carolinensis after h3-thymidine administration.	h3-thymidine was injected in a single dose into adult lizards anolis carolinensis during early stages of tail regeneration when the new tail measured in length 2-5 mm (about 3 weeks). electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that in the regenerating spinal cord three different cell types were recognizable four hours post-injection. by far the most common type was the ependymal cell. ependymal or roundish cells with clear electron-density or storing bundles of intermediate filaments were occ ...	1992	1489867
the effects of progesterone on sexual behavior in male green anole lizards (anolis carolinensis).	it is well known that androgen-dependent sexual behaviors in male mammals and birds are inhibited by exogenous progesterone (p). however, recent research on male whiptail lizards (cnemidophorus inornatus) indicates that p can stimulate sexual and copulatory behavior. we report here both antiandrogenic and synandrogenic actions of p on sexual behavior in males of another reptile, the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis). earlier reports on birds and mammals are reviewed and discussed in relat ...	1991	1813375
ultrastructure of lingual salivary glands in the american chameleon: anolis carolinensis.	that portion of the dorsal surface of the tongue of anolis carolinensis that is covered by plumose papillae is underlaid by a series of tubular salivary glands that open between the papillae; glands persist into the posterior zone of the tongue, where they open between cylindriform papillae. anterior glands are serous in nature--they consist of simple columnar epithelial cells that contain abundant secretory granules exhibiting a variety of substructural patterns. the golgi apparatus is large an ...	1991	2048753
the fate of hepatozoon species naturally infecting florida black racers and watersnakes in potential mosquito and soft tick vectors, and histological evidence of pathogenicity in unnatural host species.	haemogregarine parasites, derived from the florida snakes coluber constrictor and nerodia fasciata and ingested by aedes aegypti, completed sporogony within the hemocoeles of nearly all fed mosquitoes in 14-18 days, and produced oocysts typical of hepatozoon. however, mortalities and morbidity were high in the culex which had fed on the coluber. oocysts were not found in any ornithodoros turicata (argasidae) which fed upon either snake host, but many sections of fed ticks had gametocyte-like cel ...	1991	1683862
melatonin deacetylation: retinal vertebrate class distribution and xenopus laevis tissue distribution.	deacetylation is a rapid clearance mechanism for ocular melatonin. we have studied the distribution of retinal melatonin deacetylase activity among vertebrate classes. exogenous radiolabeled melatonin is metabolized by ocular tissue prepared from the amphibian xenopus laevis, the reptile anolis carolinensis, the teleost fish carassius auratus, and the bird gallus domesticus. in contrast, we were unable to detect ocular melatonin breakdown in rat or pig. in each species exhibiting ocular melatoni ...	1991	1782560
phosphodiesterase of cone photoreceptors from the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	cone and rod photoreceptors utilize cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) in the light regulation of membrane polarization. the prototype for visual transduction is established for rod photoreceptors, which utilize a cascade of reactions to regulate a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) (ec 3.1.4.17) and thereby control the intracellular concentration of cgmp. although cones appear to utilize a comparable cgmp cascade for their phototransduction, evidence exists that the pde from cone phot ...	1991	1851207
neurotensin is localized to paracrine cells in the urinary bladder of the turtle, chrysemys picta.	urinary bladder from the painted turtle, chrysemys picta, contains a substantial population of endocrine/paracrine cells scattered through the mucosal epithelium which immunostains using antisera directed toward mammalian neurotensin (nt). radiommunoassay of 0.1 n hcl extracts of chrysemys bladder indicated an immunoreactive nt (int) concentration of 161 +/- 39 pmol/g tissue (n = 9), an amount lower but comparable in magnitude to that found in mucosal scrapings of the intestine (926 +/- 125 pmol ...	1990	2202609
asymmetry in diencephalic monoamine metabolism is related to side of ovulation in a reptile.	the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis), like humans and other higher primates, alternates ovulation between left and right ovaries. to test the possible role of hypothalamic function in ovarian asymmetry, we measured levels of 3 major monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine; dopamine; serotonin) and their metabolites in microdissected left and right diencephalon from lizards during the first cycle of ovulation in the spring. all of the metabolite/parent neurotransmitter ratios were sig ...	1990	2302561
glycolysis in anolis carolinensis during agonistic encounters.	we examined the influences of territorial status, encounter outcome, body mass difference, activity, and display on lactate accumulation in adult male anolis carolinensis during agonistic interactions. of the pairs of lizards frozen at the onset of an encounter, intruders had significantly higher lactate concentrations than residents. lactate levels at the onset of an interaction were not significantly different from those at the conclusion, suggesting a limited role for glycolysis during such e ...	1990	2236261
endocrine and behavioral responses to aggression and social dominance in the green anole lizard, anolis carolinensis.	adult males of the small arboreal iguanid lizard, anolis carolinensis, will fight and form social dominance hierarchies when placed in habitats with limited resources. the relationships between time since initial aggressive interaction, relative social dominance, reproductive activity, and corticosterone and androgen levels were determined for 34 pairs of lizards. a discriminant analysis established a "dominance index" which indicated that over 90% of the difference between individuals who had w ...	1990	2307346
the mechanism of dewlap extension in anolis carolinensis (reptilia: iguanidae) with histological analysis of the hyoid apparatus.	anolis carolinensis has two aggressive displays involving movements of the hyoid apparatus: erection of the throat and extension of the dewlap. erection of the throat is an enlargement of the gular region and dewlap extension consists of a vertical erection of the gular flap. cinefluoroscopy and high speed cinematography show that the dewlap is extended in three phases: 1) protraction of the entire hyoid apparatus; 2) forward pivoting movement of the ceratobranchials ii; and 3) retraction of the ...	1990	29865772
the double nucleus of the sertoli cell in the lizard anolis carolinensis.	over 90% of the sertoli cells in the testes of adult lizards (anolis carolinensis) are binucleate. the nuclei occur in closely associated pairs in the basal cytoplasm of the sertoli cells that line the testis tubules. the two nuclei of a pair are of similar volume, and each usually contains one conspicuous rounded nucleolus. the average volume of individual nuclei varies from 367.8 microm(3) in spermatogenically active testes in march to 172.5 microm(3) in september, when testes are regressed. t ...	1990	18620301
aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of paired male lizards (anolis carolinensis).	the associations of physical activity, skin color, body mass difference and conspecific olfactory cues with short-term aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in paired male anolis carolinesis were examined. control measurements for mild laboratory manipulation (such as the movement of a metabolic chamber) yielded significant increases in the rate of oxygen consumption, but not in the lactate concentration of these animals; stronger manipulation increased both. a possible influence of conspecific olfac ...	1989	2634263
presynaptic calcium currents recorded from calyciform nerve terminals in the lizard ciliary ganglion.	electron microscopic examination of ciliary ganglion from anolis carolinensis shows large calyciform presynaptic nerve terminals ending on ganglion cells. intracellular records were obtained from the terminals, and membrane currents were recorded with the single-electrode voltage clamp technique. after block of na+ currents with tetrodotoxin, depolarization of the terminals produced inward currents that disappeared when extracellular ca2+ was removed, and increased in magnitude and duration when ...	1989	2562058
alpha-melanotropin: the minimal active sequence in the lizard skin bioassay.	alpha-melanotropin (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-msh) is a tridecapeptide, ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2. the minimal sequence of alpha-msh required for agonism in the lizard (anolis carolinensis) skin bioassay was determined to be ac-his-phe-arg-trp-nh2 (ac-alpha-msh6-9-nh2). smaller fragments of this sequence (ac-alpha-msh6-8-nh2, ac-alpha-msh6-7-nh2, ac-alpha-msh7-9-nh2, and ac-alpha-msh7-8-nh2) were devoid of melanotropic activity. the tetrapeptide ...	1989	2537778
potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics.	utilizing results from previous structure-activity relationships and theoretical studies of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-msh, ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2) and its related superpotent analogues, ac-[nle4,d-phe7]-alpha-msh and ac-[cys4,cys10]-alpha-msh, we have designed a new class of alpha-msh4-13 and alpha-msh4-10 cyclic lactam fragment analogues of alpha-melanotropin. the cyclic peptides have the following general structures: ac-[nle4,xxx5,d-phe7,yyy10,gly11]-alpha-m ...	1989	2555512
design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.	alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) is a linear tridecapeptide (ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2) that has diverse physiological functions in addition to its reversible darkening of amphibian skins by stimulating melanosome dispersion within melanophores. on the basis of theoretical and experimental results from our laboratory and others, we have designed a group of 1-13, 4-13, and especially 4-10 analogues related to the superpotent analogue [nle4,d-phe7]a ...	1989	2535874
membrane currents in lizard motor nerve terminals and nodes of ranvier.	presynaptic membrane currents were recorded by external electrodes and nodal membrane currents were obtained by the voltage clamp technique in motor nerve endings and nodes of ranvier of the lizard anolis carolinensis. although of compact shape, lizard motor endings display relatively long terminal branches; they exhibit, in agreement with previous findings in mouse and frog motor terminals, na, ca and k conductances, the latter consisting of a voltage- and a ca-dependent type. lizard nodes of r ...	1989	2622756
effects of trh on hormone release from pituitaries of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	the ability of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) to stimulate thyrotropin (tsh) from pituitaries of adult male lizards, anolis carolinensis, was tested in vivo and in vitro. tsh output by pituitaries in vitro was determined by bioassay of the incubation medium using in vitro t4 output by thyroids from the same lizards. pituitaries incubated without trh had no detectable tsh secretion during two consecutive (2 or 3 hr) periods of incubation. incubation in 10 or 100 ng/ml trh for 2 or 3 hr signi ...	1988	3138157
cyclic lactam analogues of ac-[nle4]alpha-msh4-11-nh2.	two side-chain cyclic lactam analogues of the 4-11 fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh), ac-[nle4,d-orn5,glu8]alpha-msh4-11-nh2 and ac-[nle4,d-orn5,d-phe7,glu8]alpha-msh4-11-nh2, were prepared on p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin by using a combination of n alpha-boc and n alpha-fmoc synthetic strategies with diphenyl phosphorazidate mediated cyclization. the melanotropin activities of these two analogues were examined and compared relative to those of alpha-msh, ac-[nle4]alp ...	1988	2852955
regional differentiation in the stomach of the green anole.	the stomach of anolis carolinensis (reptilia: iguanidae) has four histologically and histochemically distinct regions. the gastroesophageal junction has an acidic surface mucin and no glands. the cardia has an acidic surface mucin and mucous glands. this acidic mucin appears to contain neither sulfates nor sialic acid. the fundus has a neutral surface mucin and mucoserous glands. the pylorus has a neutral surface mucin and mucous glands.	1988	3382024
[histological study of oral glands of the anole lizard, anolis carolinensis].		1988	3272355
in vivo test system for tumor production by cell lines derived from lower vertebrates.	the immune suppressed lizard, anolis carolinensis, can be used to test for in vivo tumor production by cell lines derived from a variety of ectothermic vertebrates. cell lines tested for tumor production were also assessed for loss of attachment-dependent proliferation and contact inhibition of cell overlap. the results demonstrate that the criteria standardly used to assess transformation and neoplastic change in cultured mammalian cells apply equally well to cultured cells from ectotherms.	1988	3280544
steady-state analysis of alpha-melanotropin in the pars intermedia of anolis carolinensis: effect of background adaptation.	the steady-state levels of alpha-melanotropin-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh)-related peptides were examined in the pars intermedia of the reptile anolis carolinensis as a function of background adaptation. after a 7-day period, the content of immunoreactive alpha-msh-related material in the pars intermedia of light-adapted animals was approximately fourfold higher than that of animals maintained on a dark background for the same period. the immunoreactive alpha-msh-related material present in t ...	1987	3666421
development and keratinization of the epidermis in the common lizard, anolis carolinensis.	epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play important roles in the development of the vertebrate integument with its diverse appendages. as a result of these interactions, specific morphogenetic events occur which result in the formation of distinct epidermal appendages. following the early morphogenetic events involving cell proliferation and movement, other developmental events such as stratification, histotypic differentiation, and terminal cytodifferentiation occur in the epidermis. using the c ...	1987	2445898
photosensitivity in the skin of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	skin of the lizard, anolis carolinensis, is remarkably sensitive to light. illuminated in vitro with visible light from a tungsten source (110 w (m-2)), skin changes from brilliant green to dark brown (50% reduction in reflectance) within 2-4 min as a result of dispersion of melanin from a perinuclear position within dermal melanophores into superficial dendritic processes. reversal of the process, reaggregation of pigment, will occur within 2.0 min upon return to darkness. this photic response ...	1987	3615629
seasonal changes in the effects of arginine vasotocin and stretch on anolis uterine contractions in vitro.	we determined the effects of acute stretch on spontaneous and arginine vasotocin (avt)-driven contractions of the anolis carolinensis uterus in vitro. whole uteri from reproductively inactive females (october) were placed in a bath of oxygenated 32 degrees c anolis "ringer's." two initial tensions were utilized, 1.5 g or 15 g, the latter being an estimate of the tension on the wall of a uterine compartment. uteri were then exposed to either saline or avt (50 ng/ml), and spontaneous or avt-driven ...	1987	3612049
role of protein kinase c in the pigment cell of the lizard (anolis carolinensis).	the role of protein kinase c in melanosome dispersion was examined using the melanophores of the lizard anolis carolinensis and an in-vitro rate method of bioassay. the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa), which directly activates protein kinase c, was able to potentiate the melanophore response to alpha-msh in a dose-dependent manner. similarly, the stimulatory response to forskolin, which activates the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit, was also potentiated by tpa. the ...	1987	3819640
propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, retards response to msh in skin of anolis carolinensis.	lacking sympathetic innervation, the skin of a. carolinensis, an iguanid lizard, darkens within minutes in response to circulating melanocyte stimulating hormone (msh) or beta adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine (epi). this change is produced by dispersion of melanin from a perinculear position within dermal melanophores into superficial dendritic processes. these melanophores possess alpha-2 and beta-2 adrenergic as well as msh receptors except in a patch of skin behind the eye, the eyespot ...	1987	3671516
pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizard anolis carolinensis: ii. photoreceptive inputs.	the pineal organ of the lizard anolis carolinensis acts as a transducer of photoperiodic information, since light can affect the pineal melatonin rhythm (pmr). the synthesis and secretion of melatonin may be a major mechanism whereby a circadian pacemaker within the pineal can control circadian clocks located elsewhere. an investigation into potential routes by which light could affect the pmr showed that (1) removal of the photosensory parietal eye did not affect the pmr as compared to controls ...	1987	2979660
pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizard anolis carolinensis: i. response to light and temperature cycles.	both light and temperature can influence the pineal's synthesis of the indoleamine melatonin. an investigation of the effects of light and temperature cycles on the pineal melatonin rhythm (pmr) showed the following: (1) both daily light cycles and daily temperature cycles could entrain the pmr; melatonin levels peaked during the dark phase of a light-dark cycle or the cool phase of a temperature cycle. (2) the pmr could be entrained by a temperature cycle as low as 2 degrees c in amplitude in l ...	1987	2979659
development of an avascular region (the stigma) in ovarian follicles of lizards (anolis).	the architecture of follicular blood vessels in the ovary of lizards (anolis equestris and anolis carolinensis) was studied by standard histology and also after vascular perfusion with an orange silicone-rubber compound or with india ink. the theca of the follicular wall contains a netlike arrangement of anastomosing sinusoids, which increase in size as a follicle grows. an avascular stigma forms in very small, growing follicles when a portion of the follicular wall contacts the ovarian surface ...	1987	29907009
seasonal changes in a lizard pituitary: immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural morphometry of lactotropes, corticotropes, and gonadotropes.	pituitary glands of adult male lizards (anolis carolinensis) were studied in an effort to monitor seasonal cytologic changes quantitatively. cells were identified immunocytochemically and on the basis of ultrastructural characteristics. electron micrographs of the anterior pars distalis (containing lactotropes, corticotropes, and gonadotropes) of lizards collected in spring and fall were analyzed morphometrically. lactotropes are the most numerous cell type in this area and occupy the largest vo ...	1987	29925203
a comparison of structure-activity relationships within alpha-msh on melanophores of anolis carolinensis and rana pipiens.	we have compared the structure-function relationship of the tridecapeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) on the melanophores of the lizard anolis carolinensis and the frog rana pipiens by determining the melanosome-dispersing potency of 15 shorter peptide sequences and 8 substituted alpha-msh analogues. major differences were found between the lizard and the frog in their response to alpha-msh peptide fragments and analogues. in anolis, the sequence ser-tyr-ser- is not as impo ...	1987	3498189
differential structural requirements for the msh and mch activities of melanin concentrating hormone.	h-asp-thr-met-arg-cys-met-val-gly-arg-val-tyr-arg-pro-cys-trp-glu-val-oh , melanin concentrating hormone (mch), exhibits both melanin granule concentrating and dispersing (msh-like) activities. fragment analogues of mch were synthesized as described herein and the melanotropic activities of the peptides were determined. in the frog (rana pipiens) and lizard (anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays, the 5-17 and 5-14 fragments of mch were inactive (at concentrations of 10(-5)m or less), whereas the 1 ...	1987	3494178
vector incrimination and experimental transmission of plasmodium floridense by bites of infected culex (melanoconion) erraticus.	a survey of mosquitoes which are attracted to and readily feed upon lizards in a northcentral florida area where there is a relatively high prevalence of plasmodium floridense in anolis carolinensis was conducted. culex erraticus and cx. territans, collected in lizard-baited traps, readily fed on lizards in the traps and in the laboratory, and the former mosquito species is an experimental vector of plasmodium floridense. sporozoites were observed in the salivary glands from 11 to 14 days at 21- ...	1987	3504906
light-induced phosphorylation of proteins from the all-cone retina of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	proteins from the all-cone retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis were phosphorylated using [gamma 32p] atp, separated by sds-page and detected by autoradiography. several proteins incorporated 32p. exposure of the retinal homogenates to light brought about a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of the protein(s) with a molecular weight nearly identical to that of rat rhodopsin. it is likely that these proteins are the cone visual pigments, and that they incorporate phosphate when bleached by ...	1986	3771142
glucosylceramide in the androgen-responsive kidney of the lizard anolis carolinensis.	during the spring breeding season of the american chameleon, anolis carolinensis, elevated levels of glucosylceramides which contain hydroxy fatty acids are produced in the kidneys of males but not females. hyperproduction of this glycolipid is also induced by testosterone. the testosterone-induced hypertrophy of epithelial cells in the proximal tubules of the mouse kidney seems an analogous phenomenon and an elevated concentration of specific glycolipids in the male mouse kidney has been previo ...	1986	3087291
comparative biological activities of potent analogues of alpha-melanotropin. effect of nonaromatic and para substituted aromatic amino acids at position 7.	several alpha-melanotropin (alpha-msh) analogues with para substituted aromatic and nonaromatic amino acids in the 7-position of the hormone were prepared and their melanotropic activities determined in the frog (rana pipiens) and lizard (anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays. d and l-phe(p-no2), d- and l-tyr, d- and l-ala, and gly were substituted in the 7-position. the use of substituted d or l-aromatic amino acids in the 7th position of the central ac-[nle4]-alpha-msh4-11-nh2 fragment resulted ...	1986	3489682
temporal responses to environmental scale in the lizard anolis carolinensis (reptila, lacertilia, iguanidae).	an influence of spatial scale on temporal processing has been described in humans (de long, 1981). the hypothesis that a similar relationship exists in reptiles was tested by placing twelve lizards in volumetrically constant but large-scale or small-scale "home" environments and alternately exposing them to large and small scale novel environments in a counterbalanced design. behavioral measures included latencies and frequencies for four types of behavior associated with behavioral arousal and ...	1986	24925186
papillary morphology of the tongue of the american chameleon: anolis carolinensis.	based on regional differences in surface morphology, the dorsum of the tongue of anolis carolinensis can be subdivided into four distinct zones. the first quarter of the tongue is relatively smooth, whereas the second and fourth quarters are festooned with closely packed cylindriform papillae, which are covered by typical parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelium. the third quarter of the tongue is covered by papillae of novel morphology that we have named "plumose papillae." these are compos ...	1986	3799996
elevated testosterone level in response to clomiphene in male anolis carolinensis.	anolis carolinensis were used as experimental models to study the short-term effects of the fertility drug, clomiphene citrate, on male squamate reproductive function. daily injections of 10.0 micrograms of clomiphene induced an increase in plasma testosterone over a 5 day period. no change in testis mass or morphology was elicited over this time.	1986	2878788
light at night cannot suppress pineal melatonin levels in the lizard anolis carolinensis.	up to 2 hr exposure of anoles to high intensity natural or artificial illumination at mid-dark does not suppress pineal melatonin levels. the results support the hypothesis that the lizard pineal is completely insensitive to acute exposure to light at night which is in direct contrast to the effects of light in higher vertebrates.	1986	2875831
pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizard anolis carolinensis: effects of light and temperature cycles.	pineal and ocular melatonin was assessed, over 24 h periods, in male lizards (anolis carolinensis) entrained to 24 h light-dark (ld) cycles and a constant 32 degrees c, and in lizards entrained to both 24 h ld cycles and 24 h temperature cycles (32 degrees c/20 degrees c). at a constant temperature, the duration of the photoperiod has a profound effect on the duration, amplitude, and phase of the pineal melatonin rhythm (fig. 1). the pineal melatonin rhythm under cyclic temperature peaks during ...	1985	3837087
role of progesterone in the control of female sexual receptivity in anolis carolinensis.	the synergism of progesterone (p) with estrogen (estradiol benzoate, eb) in the facilitation of receptivity in female green anole lizards (anolis carolinensis) is independent of time since ovariectomy, but is dependent on the time interval between eb and p administration and on the time of year. there is a brief window of time during which p facilitates receptivity in females primed with a subthreshold dose of eb. sexual receptivity is induced if the time interval between eb and p is 24 hr but n ...	1985	4007478
an anolis skin melanophore assay suitable for photoaffinity labeling studies with alpha-msh.	visual determination of msh-induced pigment migration in melanophores of small pieces of anolis carolinensis skin is standardized by first measuring photoelectrometrically the change in reflection/transmission of the whole dorsal skin in response to different hormone concentrations. this method allows the rapid and precise recording of time-response curves after photo-affinity labeling of msh receptors or of dose-response curves of large series of synthetic compounds.	1985	3996541
the stimulatory effects of prostaglandins on the melanophores of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	the melanosome dispersing activity of prostaglandins pge1, pge2, pgf1 alpha, pgf2 alpha, pgi2 and 6 beta pgi, was tested on the melanophores of anolis carolinensis. only pge2 and pge1 were active and while pge2 was the most potent and acted synergistically with alpha-msh, pge1 was additive with alpha-msh. arachidonic acid also stimulated melanosome dispersion but its effect was blocked by indomethacin suggesting an action through its conversion to pge1 or pge2. the effect of alpha-msh, on the ot ...	1985	3919235
induction of oviposition in cycling anolis carolinensis requires a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker and a high dosage of arginine vasotocin.	in a previous study, a high dosage (2.0 micrograms) of arginine vasotocin (avt), following 10 micrograms of dichloroisoproterenol, induced oviposition in anolis carolinensis at the end of the breeding season. the present study determined if a lower dosage of avt (0.25 microgram), comparable to that effective in other lizard species, would induce oviposition in cycling a. carolinensis. only a high dosage of avt (2.0 micrograms), following 10 micrograms of dichloroisoproterenol 15 min beforehand, ...	1985	2859231
annual testicular cycle of the lizard anolis carolinensis: effects of pinealectomy and melatonin.	the effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin treatment on the reproductive system of male anoles were examined at several different times of year. in september pinealectomy of anoles exposed to either a stimulatory ld 14:10 light cycle or a nonstimulatory ld 10:14 light cycle induced significant testicular growth and development over that observed in sham-operated anoles. at a nonphotosensitive time of year (december) pinealectomy also had a significant progonadal effect but no effect of ...	1985	4038731
life cycle and postembryonic development of oochoristica anolis (cyclophyllidea: linstowiidae).	gravid proglottids of oochoristica anolis from naturally infected anole lizards, anolis carolinensis, were placed in covered petri dishes with laboratory-reared beetles, tribolium confusum and tenebrio molitor. after maintenance at 25 c, metacestodes developed in 29 of 61 t. confusum (48%), but in none of 5 t. molitor. beetles contained from 1 to 22 metacestodes (means = 3.3), which were fully developed by day 40 postexposure. a primary lacuna was never observed, but the possibility of its prese ...	1985	3981334
effect of deluteinization on plasma progesterone concentration and gestation in the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	plasma progesterone concentration in deluteinized female lizards, as determined by radioimmunoassay, did not decrease significantly, as compared to non-surgical controls until 48 hr after surgery. sham surgery induced a significant increase in plasma progesterone concentration 24 hr after surgery. progesterone concentration then declined to an intermediate level not significantly different from non-surgical control or deluteinized females. plasma progesterone concentration in non-surgical contro ...	1985	2858308
the fine structure of early tooth formation in an lguanid lizard, anolis carolinensis.	cytodifferentiation and hard tissue formation were studied in anolis to collect information regarding the phylogenetic history of enamel and the functional significance of the events seen in the mammalian tooth during differentiation. the differentiation of the ameloblasts of anolis, like that of mammals, shows two phases: in the early phase, the cells are short and rich in free ribosomes, in the late phase the cells elongate, develop an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the golgi appar ...	1985	30005564
[nle4, d-phe7]-alpha-msh: a superpotent melanotropin with prolonged action on vertebrate chromatophores.	the in vitro and in vivo responses of integumental chromatophores to alpha-msh and a related analogue, [nle4, d-phe7] -alpha-msh, were studied in a number of vertebrate species: the teleost, lebistes reticulatus; the amphibians, rana pipiens, r. catesbeiana, xenopus laevis, bufo alvarius, and b. cognatus; the lizard, anolis carolinensis; the rattlesnake, crotalus atrox. the alpha-melanotropin analogue was a superpotent agonist in the in vitro frog (r. pipiens, r. catesbeiana) and lizard (a. caro ...	1985	2859941
involvement of platelet activating factor in physiological stress in the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	platelet activating factor (paf) and 1-o-alkyl-linked choline-containing phosphoglycerides have been identified in the blood of the lizard, anolis carolinensis. the level of paf in the blood of chronically stressed lizards is 250% higher than in that of controls; the blood contains sufficient 1-o-alkyl-linked choline-containing phosphoglycerides to support the synthesis of paf. incorporation of paf is higher in the liver than in the blood; control animals incorporate more paf than chronically st ...	1985	2861063
comparative studies on the electric nature of amphibian gonadotropin.	the isoelectric focusing (ief) profiles of pituitary gonadotropic (gth) activity in six species of adult male amphibians were examined in addition to the newt and bullfrog. the gth activity was measured by two radioreceptor assay (rra) systems; one with xenopus laevis testicular homogenate as the receptor preparation, and the other with anolis carolinensis testicular homogenate, both employing 125i-labeled rat fsh as the radioligand, or by a radioimmunoassay (ria) system for bullfrog basic gth ( ...	1985	3874809
in vitro synthesis of acth- and beta-endorphin-related substances in the pars distalis of anolis carolinensis.	in order to investigate the biosynthesis of acth- and beta-endorphin-related substances in the pars distalis of anolis carolinensis, explants of pars distali were incubated for 24 hr in a complete medium which contained [3h]tyrosine. acid extracts of the incubates were immunoprecipitated with either an affinity-purified acth antiserum or an affinity-purified beta-endorphin antiserum and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. three distinct peaks of acth-related ma ...	1984	6092211
avian and mammalian vitamin d-dependent calcium binding protein in reptilian nephron.	a calcium binding protein (cabp) with an apparent relative molecular weight of 28,000 was localized in the kidney of anolis carolinensis with antisera directed against vitamin d-dependent cabp from either rat kidney (rrcabp) or chick intestine (cicabp). when extracts of female saurian kidneys were fractionated by gel filtration on sephadex g-100, both calcium binding activity, as measured by the chelex resin assay, and cabp immunoreactivity, as measured by radioimmunoassay for rrcabp, were obser ...	1984	6204907
comparative biological activities of potent active-site analogues of alpha-melanotropin. effect of tyrosine substitution at position-4.	we have prepared several alpha-melanotropin (alpha-msh) analogues with tyrosine substituted for methionine at the 4-position and determined their melanotropic activities on the frog (rana pipiens), lizard (anolis carolinensis) and s-91 (cloudman) mouse melanoma adenylate cyclase bioassays. the potencies of ac-[tyr4]-alpha-msh4-10-nh2 and ac-[tyr4]-alpha-msh4-11-nh2 were compared with alpha-msh and with their corresponding methionine and norleucine substituted analogues. the tyr-4 analogues were ...	1984	6332085
synthesis and biological actions of melanin concentrating hormone.	a melanin (melanosome) concentrating hormone, mch, was synthesized and the methodology for its synthesis is detailed. this heptadecapeptide, h-asp-thr-met-arg-cys-met-val-gly-arg-val-tyr-arg-pro-cys-trp-glu-val-oh , stimulated melanosome concentration (centripetal aggregation) within melanophores of all species of teleost fishes studied. melanosome aggregation in response to mch was not blocked by dibenamine as was the response to norepinephrine (ne), demonstrating that melanosome aggregating re ...	1984	6466330
melanotropin bioassays: in vitro and in vivo comparisons.	a reflectance method was utilized to compare the in vitro responses in three species of frogs (rana pipiens, r. berlandieri forrei, and r. catesbeiana) and a lizard (anolis carolinensis) to alpha- and beta-melanotropins (alpha- and beta p-msh). the integumental chromatic response of the three ranid species was identical, in that alpha-msh was about 2 times more potent than beta p-msh. the melanotropins were equipotent in the lizard skin bioassay. a remarkable feature of the anolis skin assay is ...	1984	6611282
localization of neurons containing pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the hypothalamus and midbrain of the lizard, anolis carolinensis: evidence for region-specific processing of beta-endorphin.	immunohistochemical analyses of the lizard-brain, following colchicine pretreatment, revealed two populations of pomc-producing cell bodies located in medial-basal hypothalamus and the mesencephalic tegmentum. analyses of extracts of lizard brain regions by radioimmunoassay and gel filtration chromatography indicate that beta-endorphin-sized and alpha-msh-sized peptides are the major pomc-related end products. evidence is presented for region-specific processing of beta-endorphin in the lizard b ...	1984	6099207
beta-endorphin/acth immunocytochemistry in the cns of the lizard anolis carolinensis: evidence for a major mesencephalic cell group.	the immunocytochemical distribution of beta-endorphin and other proopiomelanocortin (pomc) peptides in the central nervous system of the lizard anolis carolinensis was determined. colchicine pretreatment was used to enhance perikaryal immunoreactivity. a major finding of this study is the localization of a previously undetected mesencephalic cell group which exhibits immunoreactivity to beta-endorphin, acth, and alpha-msh. the perikarya of these neurons are large, bipolar, and situated in the me ...	1984	6094619
luteolysis induced by prostaglandin f2 alpha in the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	the effect of exogenous prostaglandin f2 alpha (pgf) on luteal function and morphology was examined in the lizard, anolis carolinensis. reproductively active females were injected with 1.0 micrograms pgf, 0.1 micrograms pgf, or 0.05 ml saline. animals were killed 2, 6, or 24 hr after injection. prostaglandin treatment induced luteolysis as evidenced by significant decreases in plasma progesterone concentration in animals sacrificed 6 and 24 hr after treatment. both doses of pgf were effective. h ...	1984	6595183
spontaneous, rhythmic contractions of the ovarian follicular wall of a lizard (anolis carolinensis).	collapsed walls of vitellogenic follicles from the lizard anolis carolinensis were placed in an in vitro system to measure contractility. three initial tensions were utilized, 0.15, 1.5, and 10.0 g; the latter, after relaxation, produced follicles with a tension similar to that on the wall of an intact vitellogenic follicle. follicles at each tension then were exposed to either saline or 50 ng/ml arginine vasotocin (avt). spontaneous, rhythmic follicular contractions occurred (approx one every 3 ...	1984	6510687
compensatory testicular hypertrophy in the lizard anolis carolinensis.	in reproductively responsive, male anolis carolinensis undergoing artificially induced testicular recrudescence, unilateral orchidectomy of the left testis produced compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis. testosterone inhibited this compensatory testicular hypertrophy on a weight basis, but did not reduce the rate of spermatogenic development. these results suggest that there is a mechanism of testosterone feedback in anolis carolinensis that controls gonadotropin secretion during the ...	1984	6432937
social status, gonadal state, and the adrenal stress response in the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	adult males of the small arboreal iguanid lizard, anolis carolinensis, form social dominance hierarchies when placed in habitats with limited resources. skin color changes occur during hierarchy formation, most conspicuously in subordinates, who appear darker (more brown) than dominants (more green). because skin color in this species is under the control of hormones frequently associated with physiological stress, radioimmunoassay of plasma levels of the principal reptilian adrenal steroid, cor ...	1984	6706316
endogenous circadian rhythm in electroretinogram of free-moving lizards.	an endogenous circadian rhythm in the electroretinogram (erg) of free-moving lizards, anolis carolinensis, can be demonstrated in experiments lasting up to eight days. the rhythm does not appear to arise from processes that could modulate the amount of light reaching the photoreceptors. moreover, since the rhythm is well-developed in the b-wave, but not a-wave, the direct modulation of neural processes proximal to the photoreceptors may be involved. lastly, this rhythm may have ecological signif ...	1984	6698728
role of the amygdala in the reproductive and aggressive behavior of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	thirteen male green anole lizards were lesioned in the ventromedial nucleus (vmn) of the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge ("amygdala") and/or the paleostriatum (ps) to determine the influence of these structures on assertion and challenge displays addressed to male intruders, or courtship displays and copulatory neckgrip directed toward females. lesions that affected both vmn and ps reduced or eliminated both challenge and courtship displays as well as the neckgrip, a crucial component in cour ...	1984	6538977
photoaffinity labelling of msh receptors on anolis melanophores: irradiation technique and msh photolabels for irreversible stimulation.	excised dorsal skin of anolis carolinensis was exposed to high intensity uv-irradiation in the presence of different photoreactive alpha-msh derivatives. the resulting covalent binding of the hormone to its receptor induced irreversible pigment dispersion. the duration of the longlasting response depended on the type and length of irradiation; it was maximal after two 5 min irradiation phases with a light intensity of approximately 180 mw/cm2 and a spectrum from 310 to 550 nm, fresh hormone bein ...	1984	6098659
temperature-compensated circadian clock in the pineal of anolis.	the pineal organ of the lizard anolis carolinensis can be maintained for up to 10 days in superfused organ culture. during this time it synthesizes and releases melatonin into the medium flowing slowly over it. collection of timed aliquots of medium and subsequent analysis for melatonin by radioimmunoassay reveal circadian rhythms of melatonin output by the isolated pineal. these rhythms persist for many cycles in constant darkness and at several constant ambient temperatures ranging from 22 to ...	1983	6577470
the relationship among ovarian condition, steroid hormones, and estrous behavior in anolis carolinensis.	the lizard anolis carolinensis ovulates a single egg alternately from each ovary every 14 days. the ovulated egg enters the ipsilateral oviduct, acquires a shell, and is oviposited 18 or 19 days later. thus, there is only a single egg in one of the oviducts (one-egg condition) during most of the estrous cycle, but there is a 4-5 day period when a mature, shelled egg is in one oviduct while a recently ovulated egg is in the contralateral oviduct (two-egg condition). analysis of ovarian follicular ...	1983	6684672
adrenergic inhibition of uterine contractions and oviposition in the lizard anolis carolinensis.	injection of arginine vasotocin (avt), which induces oviposition in several lizard species, fails to do so in anolis carolinensis. we tested the hypothesis that epinephrine-induced activation of beta-adrenoreceptors in the uterus inhibits avt action on uterine smooth muscle. pretreatment of gravid females with the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist dichloroisoproterenol 15 min before an avt injection resulted in uterine sensitivity to avt and subsequent oviposition. furthermore, in vitro tests indic ...	1983	6136451
lizard tail autotomy: function and energetics of postautotomy tail movement in scincella lateralis.	handling of autotomized, thrashing and autotomized, exhausted tails of the lizard scincella lateralis by mammals and snakes was tested to examine the function of postautotomy tail movement. tail movement attracted a mammal's attack to the tail, permitting the lizard to escape and increased the time required for a snake to subdue a tail before swallowing it, increasing the lizard's escape time by 40 percent. lactate concentrations of autotomized tails after movement were compared to those of inta ...	1983	17815319
corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate endocrine pancreas.	the light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) is described in the endocrine pancreas of several species representing the major classes of vertebrates: fishes (channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus), amphibians (african clawed toad, xenopus laevis), reptiles (chameleon, anolis carolinensis), birds (chicken, gallus domesticus), and several mammals (rat, mouse, cat, rhesus monkey, and man). the crf-containing cells are scattered over the entire islet t ...	1983	6340106
biosynthesis of a proinsulin-like molecule in the pancreas of a lizard.	the biosynthesis of insulin, in particular the occurrence of a proinsulin-like molecule (pilm), in the pancreas of the green anole, anolis carolinensis, was investigated. the laboratory rat was used for comparison and validation of the procedures. anolian pancreases were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled leucine or proline. radioactivity incorporated into the acidic ethanol-soluble (aes) phase increased in an essentially linear manner with time. selective incorporation of labeled amino acids ...	1983	6352401
[half-cys4,half-cys10]-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity.	alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-melanotropin; alpha-msh) is a linear tridecapeptide (ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2) that reversibly darkens amphibian skins by stimulating melanomsome (pigment granule) dispersion within melanophores. by using a number of in vitro melanocyte assays, we have examined the conformational requirements for alpha-msh activity. synthesis of [half-cys4,half-cys10]-alpha-msh, a cyclic, conformationally restricted, "isosteric" analog ...	1982	6281785
localization of multiple forms of acth- and beta-endorphin-related substances in the pituitary of the reptile, anolis carolinensis.	immunohistochemical studies on the pituitary of anolis carolinensis detected acth-like, beta-endorphin-like, and 16k fragment-like immunoreactivity in distinct clusters of cells in the anterior lobe; acth-like, alpha msh-like, beta-endorphin-like, and 16k fragment-like immunoreactivity was detected in all the cells of the intermediate lobe. crude acid extracts of both lobes, when analyzed by radioimmunoassay, gave displacement curves in acth and beta-endorphin assays which were parallel to the a ...	1982	6300807
corpus luteum - uterine relationships in the control of uterine contraction in the lizard anolis carolinensis.		1982	7129078
effects of mif-i, sex, and weight on tonic immobility in lizards (anolis carolinensis).	three experiments were done with the lizard, anolis carolinensis, as a follow-up on our previous work which showed that mif-i reduced tonic immobility (ti) during the breeding season and that females had longer ti durations than males in the non-breeding season. in june, during the breeding season, 60 male and 60 female lizards were injected with 0.1 mg/kg of mif-i or naloxone or the diluent vehicle and placed in small aquaria for ten minutes. ti was then induced in the small aquaria. similar ex ...	1982	6125952
continuous-perifusion tissue culture of fetal and adult pancreas of the lizard anolis carolinensis.	the differentiation of the fetal saurian pancreas in continuous-perifusion tissue culture (cptc) was examined. splenic pancreases from 24-day postoviposition fetuses of the green anole, anolis carolinensis, were grown for 8 to 31 days by cptc following successful preliminary studies with adult pancreas. adult anolian endocrine pancreas was maintained by up to 7 days by cptc. the pancreatic explants were examined morphologically by light and electron microscopy. the functional integrity of the en ...	1982	7049003
an immunocytochemical study of the cytogenesis of pancreatic endocrine cells in the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	the differentiation of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the lizard anolis carolinensis following oviposition was examined. immediately postoviposition (po) there was no apparent differentiation of epithelioid cells into endocrine or exocrine components. individual subpopulations of the endocrine-like cells, which could not be identified during the early po period on the basis of either their tinctorial properties at the light-microscopic level or their granule morphologies at the electron-micro ...	1982	7041604
a forebrain atlas and stereotaxic technique for the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	a forebrain atlas and stereotaxic neurosurgical techniques were developed for use in anatomical and behavioral experiments on the green anolis lizard (anolis carolinensis). green anoles are convenient and robust experimental subjects with a rich behavioral repertoire, the social components of which are partly under hormonal control. the technique and atlas were devised to conduct neuroethological investigations of the effect of lesions on species-typical display behavior. the atlas consists of 1 ...	1982	30081617
anatomical distribution of estrogen target neurons in turtle brain.	autoradiographic studies with [3h]estradiol-17 beta in red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) show concentration and retention of radioactivity in nuclei of neurons in certain regions. accumulations of estrogen target neurons exist in the periventricular brain with relationships to ventral extensions of the forebrain ventricles, including parolfactory, amygdaloid, septal, preoptic, hypothalamic and thalamic areas, as well as the dorsal ventricular ridge, the piriform cortex, and midbrain-p ...	1981	7317778
estrogen-sensitive progestin binding sites in the brain of the lizard, anolis carolinensis.	cytosol binding sites for the synthetic progestin [3h]r5020 have been identified in the brain and oviduct from untreated and estrogen primed ovariectomized female lizards (anolis carolinensis). competition of various unlabeled steroids at either 10 nm (brain) or 10 and 100 nm (oviduct) revealed that progestins were effective competitors whereas two glucocorticoids as well as testosterone and estradiol were ineffective. the apparent dissociation constant (kd) of the receptor for [3h]r5020 in the ...	1981	7196792
scanning electron microscope studies of the auditory papillae of some iguanid lizards.	the papillae basilares of 16 species (10 general) of iguanid lizards were studied by scanning electron microscopy. variations in the surface structures of the auditory papillae showed the following major differences: 1)papillae with localization of the unidirectional hair cells at the apical end of the papilla (anolis carolinensis); 2)papillae with absence or loss of a portion of the apical bidirectional hair-cell segment (basiliscus basiliscus); 3)papillae with a central, short ciliated, unidir ...	1981	7304475