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predicting the emergence of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae), on a degree-day scale in north america.codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut production in north america. management programs are based on preventing larval entry into the fruit or nut and are typically timed by heat-driven models that are synchronized to field populations by first capture of overwintering moths in pheromone traps. unfortunately, trap capture is affected by a range of environmental parameters as well as by the use of mating disruption, which makes det ...201323424021
an attempt to increase efficacy of moth mating disruption by co-releasing pheromones with kairomones and to understand possible underlying mechanisms of this technique.pheromone-based mating disruption is used worldwide for management of the internal fruit feeding codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.). there has been recent interest in the potential of improving mating disruption of c. pomonella, and potentially other insect species in general, by broadcasting combinations of pheromone and attractive host-plant kairomones. given that such kairomones are attractive by themselves (often to both sexes), and also enhance male moth response to their pheromone, it is p ...201323339797
adding microencapsulated pear ester to insecticides for control of cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in apple.the possibility of improving the efficacy of various insecticides for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), by the addition of a microencapsulated formulation of pear ester, ethyl (2e, 4z)-2,4-decadienoate (pe-mec, 5% ai), was evaluated in field trials in apple from 2005 to 2009.201322807277
[gorham syndrome. presentation of a case].a case report on a female patient who developed a squamofrontal tumour on the right side without any neurological deficit. after extirpation the histological diagnosis was "disappearing bone" disease. this disease pattern is rarely described in literature and has several synonyms. the histological appearance is described.20133785496
organization of the ampullary organs of the african knife fish xenomystus nigri (teleostei: notopteridae).ampullary organs are found on the head and body of the african knife fish xenomystus nigri. each organ consists of a duct connecting the basally located sensory cells with the surrounding water. the sensory epithelium is found in a chamber situated in the basal part of the epidermis, which most often is somewhat depressed into the dermis. each organ contains four to eight sensory cells separated from each other by supporting cells. both sensory and supporting cells are surrounded by mantle cells ...20133612183
pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae uses proteasome inhibitor syringolin a to colonize from wound infection sites.infection of plants by bacterial leaf pathogens at wound sites is common in nature. plants defend wound sites to prevent pathogen invasion, but several pathogens can overcome spatial restriction and enter leaf tissues. the molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to suppress containment at wound infection sites are poorly understood. here, we studied pseudomonas syringae strains causing brown spot on bean and blossom blight on pear. these strains exist as epiphytes that can cause disease upon woun ...201323555272
pa506, a conjugative plasmid of the plant epiphyte pseudomonas fluorescens a506.conjugative plasmids are known to facilitate the acquisition and dispersal of genes contributing to the fitness of pseudomonas spp. here, we report the characterization of pa506, the 57-kb conjugative plasmid of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, a plant epiphyte used in the united states for the biological control of fire blight disease of pear and apple. twenty-nine of the 67 open reading frames (orfs) of pa506 have putative functions in conjugation, including a type iv secretion system related to ...201323811504
global small rna chaperone hfq and regulatory small rnas are important virulence regulators in erwinia amylovora.hfq is a global small rna (srna) chaperone that interacts with hfq-regulated srnas and functions in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. in this work, we identified hfq to be a virulence regulator in the gram-negative fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. deletion of hfq in e. amylovora ea1189 significantly reduced bacterial virulence in both immature pear fruits and apple shoots. analysis of virulence determinants in strain ea1189δhfq showed that hfq exerts pleiotropic regul ...201323378513
the internal acoustic meatus. anatomic variations and relations to other temporal bone structures.the internal acoustic meatus was evaluated in 97 temporal bone specimens, half of which were radiographed in different projections. part of the material was also examined by multidirectional and computed tomography. casts of the specimens were prepared and the meatuses were measured in different planes. the anatomic variations, especially in the transverse plane, and their relations to other structures in the petrous bone, were assessed. the meatus varied in shape, being mainly either long and t ...20133799220
identification of pyrus single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and evaluation for genetic mapping in european pear and interspecific pyrus hybrids.we have used new generation sequencing (ngs) technologies to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers from three european pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivars and subsequently developed a subset of 1096 pear snps into high throughput markers by combining them with the set of 7692 apple snps on the irsc apple infinium® ii 8k array. we then evaluated this apple and pear infinium® ii 9k snp array for large-scale genotyping in pear across several species, using both pear and apple snps. t ...201324155917
terrestrial vegetation and aquatic chemistry influence larval mosquito abundance in catch basins, chicago, usa.an important determinant of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission is the spatial distribution of vectors. the primary vectors of west nile virus (wnv) in illinois are culex pipiens linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) and culex restuans theobald. in urban environments, these mosquitoes commonly oviposit in roadside storm water catch basins. however, use of this habitat is inconsistent, with abundance of larvae varying significantly across catch basins at a fine spatial scale.201323311394
cyclic di-gmp modulates the disease progression of erwinia amylovora.the second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a nearly ubiquitous intracellular signal molecule known to regulate various cellular processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. the intracellular concentration of c-di-gmp is inversely governed by diguanylate cyclase (dgc) enzymes and phosphodiesterase (pde) enzymes, which synthesize and degrade c-di-gmp, respectively. the role of c-di-gmp in the plant pathogen and causal agent of fire blight disease erwinia amylovora has not ...201323475975
pear: a fast and accurate illumina paired-end read merger.the illumina paired-end sequencing technology can generate reads from both ends of target dna fragments, which can subsequently be merged to increase the overall read length. there already exist tools for merging these paired-end reads when the target fragments are equally long. however, when fragment lengths vary and, in particular, when either the fragment size is shorter than a single-end read, or longer than twice the size of a single-end read, most state-of-the-art mergers fail to generate ...201324142950
quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives.the relationship between antifungal activity against alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-dga) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-dga derivatives. the results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis employing the hansch-fujita method. some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-dga. the compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. it was suggested that the small ...201323924382
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of valsa mali: an efficient tool for random insertion mutagenesis.valsa mali is a causal agent of apple and pear trees canker disease, which is a destructive disease that causes serious economic losses in eastern asia, especially in china. the lack of an efficient transformation system for valsa mali retards its investigation, which poses difficulties to control the disease. in this research, a transformation system for this pathogen was established for the first time using a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt), with the optimal transformation conditio ...201324381526
agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using cotyledons in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia).genetic transformation was successfully established producing both transformed adventitious shoots and calli in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) by using cotyledons as explants. cotyledons of five cultivars were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying the pbin19-sgfp, which contained a green fluorescent protein gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene. in order to increase transformation efficiency, sonication and ethylenedioxybis (ethylamine)-n,n,n',n'-tet ...201324273422
the methylation of the pcmyb10 promoter is associated with green-skinned sport in max red bartlett pear.varieties of the european pear (pyrus communis) can produce trees with both red- and green-skinned fruits, such as the max red bartlett (mrb) variety, although little is known about the mechanism behind this differential pigmentation. in this study, we investigated the pigmentation of mrb and its green-skinned sport (mrb-g). the results suggest that a reduction in anthocyanin concentration causes the mrb-g sport. transcript levels of pcufgt (for udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase), th ...201323629835
broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models.a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ...201323160868
entomopathogenic fungi associated with exotic invasive insect pests in northeastern forests of the usa.mycopathogens of economically important exotic invasive insects in forests of northeastern usa have been the subject of research at the entomology research laboratory, university of vermont, for the last 20 years. elongate hemlock scale, european fruit lecanium, hemlock woolly adelgid and pear thrips were analyzed for the presence of mycopathogens, in order to consider the potential for managing these pests with biological control. fungal cultures isolated from insects with signs of fungal infec ...201326462527
efficacy and putative mode of action of native and commercial antagonistic yeasts against postharvest pathogens of pear.putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of four yeast strains (cryptoccocus albidus npcc 1248, pichia membranifaciens npcc 1250, cryptoccocus victoriae npcc 1263 and npcc 1259) against penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea were studied by means of in vitro and in situ assays. c. albidus(yp), a commercial yeast was also evaluated for comparative purposes. the yeast strains exhibited a variety of different mechanisms including: wound colonization, germination inhi ...201323680800
single-strand conformation polymorphism for molecular variability studies of six viroid species.molecular diversity within six viroid species and different molecular variants, in each species infecting fruit trees was first estimated by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique and then by direct sequencing analysis. the different variants studied are to three australian grapevine viroids(agvd), four citrus dwarfing viroids (cdvd), eleven grapevine yellow speckle viroids type-1 (gysvd-1), four hop stunt viroids (hsvd), seven peach latent mosaic viroids (plmvd), and eight ...201323291763
deep sequencing revealed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism and plasmid content of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in middle atlas, morocco.erwinia amylovora causes economic losses that affect pear and apple production in morocco. here, we report comparative genomics of four moroccan e. amylovora strains with the european strain cfbp1430 and north-american strain atcc49946. analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) revealed genetic homogeneity of moroccan's strains and their proximity to the european strain cfbp1430. moreover, the collected sequences allowed the assembly of a 65 kpb plasmid, which is highly similar to the p ...201323770248
[polyvalence of bacteriophages isolated from fruit trees, affected by bacterial fire blight].phage populations appearing as a result of a pathogenic process caused by erwinia amylovora have been discovered and described. they accompany bacterial fire blight development in the process of quince, pear and apple trees vegetation in zakarpattya region of ukraine. phage isolates of the affected pear and quince include polyvalent virulent phages able to develop on bacterial strains associated with plants--e. amylovora. e. "horticola" and pantoea agglomerans. e. amylovora isolated from the pla ...201323720968
erwinia amylovora affects the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway in mature leaves of pyrus communis cv. conférence.flavonoids, which are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway, not only contribute to fruit colour and photoprotection, they also may provide antimicrobial and structural components during interaction with micro-organisms. a possible response of this pathway was assessed in both mature and immature leaves of shoots of 2-year-old pear trees cv. conférence, which were inoculated with the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora strain sgb 225/12, were mock-inoculated or were left unt ...201323582642
molecular analyses of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in russia, poland, slovenia and austria describing further spread of fire blight in europe.fire blight, a bacteriosis of apple and pear, was assayed with molecular tools to associate its origin in russia, slovenia and south-eastern austria with neighboring countries. the identification of all investigated strains was confirmed by maldi-tof mass spectroscopy except one. independent isolation was verified by the level of amylovoran synthesis and by the number of short sequence dna repeats in plasmid pea29. dna of gently lysed e. amylovora strains from russia, slovenia, austria, hungary, ...201323570971
mutational analysis of a predicted double β-propeller domain of the dspa/e effector of erwinia amylovora.the bacterium erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an invasive disease that threatens apple trees, pear trees and other plants of the rosaceae family. erwinia amylovora pathogenicity relies on a type iii secretion system and on a single effector dspa/e. this effector belongs to the widespread avre family of effectors whose biological function is unknown. in this manuscript, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of dspa/e- and avre-related effectors. motif search identified nuclear localization ...201323421848
erwinia amylovora loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid pathogen detection and on-site diagnosis of fire blight.several molecular methods have been developed for the detection of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pear and apple, but none are truly applicable for on-site use in the field. we developed a fast, reliable and field applicable detection method using a novel target on the e. amylovora chromosome that we identified by applying a comparative genomic pipeline. the target coding sequences (cdss) are both uniquely specific for and all-inclusive of e. amylovora genotypes. this avoi ...201323275135
preliminary results on the ability of pentatomidae to transfer fire blight erwinia amylovora under controlled conditions.with their piercing-sucking mouthparts stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae), a major pest in especially organic orchards, create wounds in fruit of pear trees. as erwinia amylovora (burrill, winslow et al.), a wide spread bacterial disease affecting many rosaceous plants including pome fruit trees and hawthorn, enters through openings in flowers, leaves, shoots and fruit, feeding punctures caused by these bugs might be inoculated with erwinia bacteria. in order to investigate the ability of th ...201325145257
biomolecular characterization of the levansucrase of erwinia amylovora, a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides.erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen that affects rosaceae, such as apple and pear. in e. amylovora the fructans, produced by the action of a levansucrase (ealsc), play a role in virulence and biofilm formation. fructans are bioactive compounds, displaying health-promoting properties in their own right. their use as food and feed supplements is increasing. in this study, we investigated the biomolecular properties of ealsc using hpaec-pad, maldi-tof ms, and spectrophotometric assays. the enzyme ...201324274651
growth inhibition of erwinia amylovora and related erwinia species by neutralized short‑chain fatty acids.short-chain fatty acids (scfas) are used to preserve food and could be a tool for control of fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora on apple, pear and related rosaceous plants. neutralized acids were added to buffered growth media at 0.5–75 mm and tested at phs ranging from 6.8 to 5.5. particularly at low ph, scfas with a chain length exceeding that of acetic acid such as propionic acid were effective growth inhibitors of e. amylovora possibly due to uptake of free acid and its intracellular ac ...201324077735
solution structure of subunit γ (γ(1-204)) of the mycobacterium tuberculosis f-atp synthase and the unique loop of γ(165-178), representing a novel tb drug target.tuberculosis, caused by the strain mycobacterium tuberculosis, is in focus of interest due to the emergence of multi- and extensive drug-resistant tb strains. the f(1)f(o) atp synthase is one of the essential enzymes in energy requirement of both proliferating aerobic and hypoxic dormant stage of mycobacterium life cycle, and therefore a potential tb drug target. subunit γ of f-atp synthases plays an important role in coupling and catalysis via conformational transitions of its n- and c-termini ...201323104121
increased flavour diversity of chardonnay wines by spontaneous fermentation and co-fermentation with hanseniaspora vineae.discovery, characterisation and use of novel yeast strains for winemaking is increasingly regarded as a way for improving quality and to provide variation, including subtle characteristic differences in fine wines. the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of a native apiculate strain, selected from grapes, hanseniaspora vineae (h. vineae) 02/5a. fermentations were done in triplicate, working with 225 l oak barrels, using a chardonnay grape must. three yeast fermentation strategies were ...201323870989
syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) with simultaneous intestinal giardia sp., spironucleus sp., and trichomonad infections.a commercial facility producing hamsters with a history of infection by dwarf tapeworm (hymenolepis nana) submitted 15 animals for necropsy and postmortem parasitological and microscopic examination. no tapeworms were detected grossly or microscopically. fecal examination including gastrointestinal mucosal smears demonstrated mixed intestinal bacteria and low numbers of giardia sp. histologic examination of small intestine demonstrated filling of the small intestinal crypts by large numbers of 7 ...201324081933
antimicrobial potential of sicilian honeys against commensal escherichia coli and pathogenic salmonella serovar infantis.the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of 71 locally produced honeys from different botanical sources collected from apiarist's open markets in sicily.201324779285
characterization of glucansucrase and dextran from weissella sp. tn610 with potential as safe food additives.pear-derived weissella sp. tn610 produced extracellular glycosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of soluble exopolysaccharide from sucrose. acid and dextranase-catalyzed hydrolysis revealed that the synthesized polymer was a glucan. according to (1)h and (13)c nmr analysis, the glucan produced by tn610 was a linear dextran made of 96% α-(1→6) and 4% α-(1→3) linkages. zymogram analysis confirmed the presence of a unique glucansucrase of approximately 180 kda in the cell-free sup ...201323046923
characterisation of the stbd/e toxin-antitoxin system of pep36, a plasmid of the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae.pep36 is a plasmid ubiquitously present in erwinia pyrifoliae, a pathogen which causes black stem blight of asian pear. pep36 is highly stable in its host, even in the absence of selective pressure. the plasmid is closely related to pea29, which is widespread in e. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of apple and pear trees. here we report that pep36 possesses a functional hybrid toxin-antitoxin module, stbd/e(pep36), with the toxin showing homology to the rele/pare proteins and the an ...201323632277
phylogenetic position and virulence apparatus of the pear flower necrosis pathogen erwinia piriflorinigrans cfbp 5888t as assessed by comparative genomics.erwinia piriflorinigrans is a necrotrophic pathogen of pear reported from spain that destroys flowers but does not progress further into the host. we sequenced the complete genome of the type strain cfbp 5888(t) clarifying its phylogenetic position within the genus erwinia, and indicating a position between its closest relative, the epiphyte erwinia tasmaniensis and other plant pathogenic erwinia spp. (i.e., the fire blight pathogen e. amylovora and the asian pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae). common ...201323726521
effect of different film packaging on microbial growth in minimally processed cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica).microorganisms are natural contaminants of fresh produce and minimally processed products, and contamination arises from a number of sources, including the environment, postharvest handling and processing. fresh-cut products are particularly susceptible to microbial contaminations because of the changes occurring in the tissues during processing. in package gas composition of modified atmosphere packaging (map) in combination with low storage temperatures besides reducing physiological activity ...201325145227
native pears of sardinia affect penicillium expansum pathogenesis.penicillium expansum causes blue mould rot, a serious post-harvest disease of pome fruits and is the main producer of the mycotoxin patulin. the occurrence of natural resistance against different hostpathogens, has been evidenced in some pear accessions of the sardinian germoplasm. the aim of this research was to correlate p. expansum growth and patulin production on these indigenous pear accessions. in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out with seven accessions ('sarmentina', 'vacchesa ...201325151833
the relationship between the morphology and structure and the quality of fruits of two pear cultivars (pyrus communis l.) during their development and maturation.the flavour and nutritional values of pears are appreciated by consumers worldwide, who, however, demand specific fruit quality, that is, attractive appearance, firmness and flavour, and health safety as well as long-term shelf life and storability. pear cultivars differ in terms of the above-mentioned traits; therefore, we undertook investigations to demonstrate the differences in structure of fruits of two pear cultivars that determine fruit quality in its broadest sense. the micromorphology, ...201324327806
season-long volatile emissions from peach and pear trees in situ, overlapping profiles, and olfactory attraction of an oligophagous fruit moth in the laboratory.insect herbivores that have more than one generation per year and reproduce on different host plants are confronted with substantial seasonal variation in the volatile blends emitted by their hosts. one way to deal with such variation is to respond to a specific set of compounds common to all host plants. the oriental fruit moth cydia (=grapholita) molesta is a highly damaging invasive pest. the stone fruit peach (prunus persica) is its primary host, whereas pome fruits such as pear (pyrus commu ...201323440443
effect of different packaging materials and storage intervals on physical and biochemical characteristics of pear.the fruits of semi-soft pear (pyrus communis) cv. punjab beauty harvested at physiologically mature stage in 3rd week of july were packed in corrugated fiberboard boxes (cfb) with low density polyethylene (ldpe) liners, cfb with high density polyethylene (hdpe) liners, crates with ldpe liners, crates with hdpe liners, cfb, crates and wooden boxes and stored in walk-in-cool chamber at 0-1 °c and 90-95% rh. the fruits were analyzed after 30, 45, 60 and 75 days for physiological loss in weight (plw ...201324425900
gorham-stout disease and generalized lymphatic anomaly--clinical, radiologic, and histologic differentiation.gorham-stout disease (gsd) is a rare vascular disorder of lymphatic origin characterized by progressive osteolysis. generalized lymphatic anomaly (gla) is a multisystem disorder that also commonly affects bone. we hypothesized that gorham-stout disease is different from other osseous lymphatic anomalies. we proposed to discriminate these entities by analyzing findings on skeletal imaging.201323371338
syndromes associated with vascular tumors and malformations: a pictorial review.use of the international society for the study of vascular anomalies (issva) classification system has been strongly recommended in recent years because of the need for separate therapeutic measures for patients with vascular tumors and malformations. in the issva classification system, vascular tumors, which are neoplastic, are distinguished from vascular malformations, which are caused by vascular structural anomalies and are not neoplastic, on the basis of the presence or absence of neoplasti ...201323322836
gorham-stout syndrome affecting the left mandible: a case report.gorham-stout syndrome is an extremely rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. owing to its low incidence and variable clinical presentation, the diagnosis is often missed or delayed, and at present, there are no specific guidelines for its treatment. we present the case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with gorham-stout syndrome with involvement of the left mandible, and discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic features.201323251259
global changes in dna methylation in seeds and seedlings of pyrus communis after seed desiccation and storage.the effects of storage and deep desiccation on structural changes of dna in orthodox seeds are poorly characterized. in this study we analyzed the 5-methylcytosine (m(5)c) global content of dna isolated from seeds of common pear (pyrus communis l.) that had been subjected to extreme desiccation, and the seedlings derived from these seeds. germination and seedling emergence tests were applied to determine seed viability after their desiccation. in parallel, analysis of the global content of m(5)c ...201323940629
vanishing bone disease of the mandible - a case report.massive osteolysis (gorham-stout syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown etiology that is thought to result from a localized endothelial proliferation of lymphatic vessels resulting in destruction and absorption of bone. osteolysis of the jaws has been reported in association with infection, cysts, neoplasia, and metabolic, endocrine, or hematologic abnormalities. rare cases of idiopathic osteolysis have also been recorded. a detailed review from various peer reviewed journals has been discusse ...201323924511
gorham-stout syndrome in mainland china: a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature.gorham-stout syndrome (gss) is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology and unpredictable prognosis. this study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of this rare entity.201323897792
gorham-stout syndrome affecting the temporal bone with cerebrospinal fluid leakage.gorham-stout syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis that leads to the disappearance of bone. lymphvascular proliferation causes the local destruction of bony tissue. owing to the low incidence of this syndrome, little is known about its etiology or treatment. we present an 11-year-old girl with gorham-stout syndrome that involved right petrous apex in temporal bone and upper clivus, which cause intracranial pressure increase and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage. the ...201323827687
[enigmatic lymphatic diseases involving the lung].lymphedema associated with other developmental malformations (milroy syndrome, hennekam syndrome, noonan syndrome, gorham-stout syndrome, yellow nail syndrome) are unfrequent disease, but explorations led to the identification of genetic mutations that have then been validated in mouse models. however, lymphatic vessels complexity and its proximity with the venous system suggest the need for further researches, especially in the comprehension of pulmonary symptoms.201323561737
gorham syndrome with postoperative respiratory failure and requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.gorham syndrome is a rare disease that presents as progressive osteolysis, and may affect any part of the skeleton. the pathologic process involves the replacement of normal bone by aggressively expanding but non-neoplastic vascular tissue, resulting in massive osteolysis of the adjacent bone. if the spine and ribs are affected, the subsequent kyphosis and chest wall deformity may cause severe restrictive ventilatory impairment. we report a 34-year-old male with gorham syndrome presenting as pro ...201323550170
gorham disease of the craniocervical junction: x-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.gorham disease of massive osteolysis is a spontaneous, idiopathic, and progressive form of primary osteolysis. it has no age, sex, or race predilection, and patients are mostly asymptomatic until severe deformity or pathological fracture becomes evident.201323462515
gorham disease of the proximal femur: a case report and review of published reports. 201323420753
distribution of transglutaminase in pear pollen tubes in relation to cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics.transglutaminases (tgases) are ubiquitous enzymes that take part in a variety of cellular functions. in the pollen tube, cytoplasmic tgases are likely to be involved in the incorporation of primary amines at selected peptide-bound glutamine residues of cytosolic proteins (including actin and tubulin), while cell wall-associated tgases are believed to regulate pollen tube growth. using immunological probes, we identified tgases associated with different subcellular compartments (cytosol, membrane ...201323396835
taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genera themus motschulsky and lycocerus gorham (coleoptera, cantharidae).themus (s.str.) regalis (gorham, 1889), nom. rest.; themus (s.str.) scutulatus wittmer, 1983 = themus (s.str.) hmong kazantsev, 2007, syn. n.; themus (telephorops) coelestis (gorham, 1889) = themus violetipennis wang & yang, 1992, syn. n.; themus (telephorops) uniformis wittmer, 1983, stat. n. = themus (telephorops) cribripennis wittmer, 1983, syn. n.; themus (haplothemus) licenti pic, 1938, stat. rev., resurrected from synonymy with themus coriaceipennis (fairmaire, 1889); lycocerus aenescens ( ...201324146589
gorham's disease of spine.gorham's disease is a rare disorder characterized by clinical and radiological disappearance of bone by proliferation of non-neoplastic vascular tissue. the disease was first reported by jackson in 1838 in a boneless arm. the disease was then described in detail in 1955 by gorham and stout. since then, about 200 cases have been reported in the literature, with only about 28 cases involving the spine. we report 2 cases of gorham's disease involving the spine and review related literature to gain ...201324066223
successful management of intractable chylothorax in gorham-stout disease by awake thoracoscopic surgery.gorham-stout is an extremely rare disease, which is characterized by proliferation of vascular and lymphatic bone structures. a 15-year-old male patient was the diagnosis of gorham-stout disease of the cervical spine with chylothorax. awake thoracoscopic ablation was performed using bronchoscopic tools and awake thoracoscopic debridement of the thoracoscopic cavities and chemical pleurodesis with ok-432 were repeated. the amount of drained liquid was controlled. there was no recurrence of pleura ...201322865280
[gorham-stout syndrome--a case report]. 201321725909
massive gorham osteolysis of the right hemipelvis complicated by chylothorax: report of a case in a 9-year-old boy successfully treated by pleurodesis.in a 9-year-old boy with progressive massive osteolysis (gorham disease) of the right hemipelvis, the course was complicated by life-threatening chylothorax. a total of 42.6 l of chylous fluid was tapped over a 3-month period. a simple thoracoscopic intervention with tetracycline instillation was successful, and there has been no recurrence of the pleural effusion.20133793919
qualitative and quantitative chromatographic investigation of hydroquinone derivatives in pyrus communis l. flowers.the qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of hydroquinone derivatives (arbutin, pyroside) in the flowers of naturally growing pear tree and of its four cultivated varieties (pomarańczówka, lukasówka, klapsa, salisbury) were carried out. the comparative qualitative analysis of hydroquinone derivatives was investigated chromatographically (tlc). arbutin and pyroside were found in all the studied plant materials and free hydroquinone was found in buds of naturally growing pear. the co ...201314714860
qualitative and quantitative chromatographic investigation of flavonoids in pyrus communis l. flowers.the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids, and the quantitative determination of procyanidins in the flowers of naturally growing pyrus communis and in the flowers of cultivated varieties were carried out. the flavonoid compounds were investigated by chromatographic methods. the flavonoid samples were found in all the studied plant materials. the content of flavonoids was determined by the christ-müller's and hplc methods after acid hydrolysis. the quantitative determination of pro ...201312848372
progressively bilateral resorption of the mandible.we describe a case of arrested spontaneous mandibular resorption for which there was no effective treatment. a 32-year-old male patient presented to our department with mandibular resorption so severe that the residual mandibular body bone resembled chopsticks. a provisional diagnosis of gorham-stout syndrome (gss) was made. vegf levels found in plasma and tissue fluid was believed to be a possible marker for the condition. although there was no histological evidence for the diagnosis, a combina ...201221925893
a case report of gorham-stout syndrome remission. 201221598027
development of a transgenic early flowering pear (pyrus communis l.) genotype by rnai silencing of pctfl1-1 and pctfl1-2.trees require a long maturation period, known as juvenile phase, before they can reproduce, complicating their genetic improvement as compared to annual plants. 'spadona', one of the most important european pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivars grown in israel, has a very long juvenile period, up to 14 years, making breeding programs extremely slow. progress in understanding the molecular basis of the transition to flowering has revealed genes that accelerate reproductive development when ectopical ...201222203321
gorham disease in the maxilla.gorham disease is a rare condition that is characterized by the proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels associated with regional osteolysis. the exact etiology of gorham disease is unknown. the diagnosis of gorham disease is based on clinical, radiological, and histological features after excluding osteolysis, which is secondary to other pathologic processes. those pathologic processes include congenital, metabolic, neoplastic, and immunologic etiologies and infections. the appearance of ...201222801155
pten hamartoma tumor syndrome and gorham-stout phenomenon.pten: hamartoma tumor syndrome (phts) is a group of syndromes caused by mutations in pten. gorham-stout phenomenon (gsp) is a rare condition characterized by proliferation of vascular structures in bones, resulting in progressive osteolysis. here we present a 1-year-old boy with phts and gsp. the lesion that later proved to be gsp was evident from the age of 4 months, and became symptomatic at the age of 1 year. eventually, he developed a fatal chylothorax. mutation analysis revealed a germline ...201222628360
[anaesthetic implications of gorham syndrome]. 201222480560
spotlight on the safety net. a community collaboration. lucille w gorham intergenerational community center (igcc). 201223189440
gorham-stout syndrome presenting in a 5-year-old girl with a successful bisphosphonate therapeutic effect.gorham-stout syndrome (gss), also known as gorham-stout disease, massive osteolysis, disappearing bone disease or phantom bone, is a rare disorder of the musculo-skeletal system. it most commonly involves the skull, shoulder and pelvic girdle. histological examination reveals a progressive osteolysis always associated with an angiomatosis of blood vessels and sometimes of lymphatics, which seemingly is responsible for the destruction of the bone. it is extremely rare that gorham-stout syndrome i ...201223181116
gorham-stout syndrome of the facial bones: a review of pathogenesis and treatment modalities and report of a case with a rare cutaneous manifestations.gorham disease is a very rare condition associated with spontaneous destruction and resorption of 1 or more bones anywhere in the body. many authors have suggested and/or implicated trauma as the initiating factor in the majority of the reported cases. it can affect almost all bones, and a combination of bones has been reported. in the maxillofacial skeleton, the first facial case was reported by romer in 1928. until now, only a few cases of gorham disease affecting the maxillofacial bones, incl ...201223159123
[gorham-stout syndrome--a pediatric clinical case]. 201223149645
development of cultivar-specific dna markers based on retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism in japanese pear.we developed retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism (rbip) markers based on the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences of copia-like retrotransposon ppcrt4 and flanking genome sequences, which were derived from 454 sequencing data from japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) 'hosui'. out of 40 sequences including both ltr and flanking genome regions, we developed 22 rbip markers and used them for dna profiling of 80 pear cultivars: 64 japanese, 10 chinese (pyrus ussuriensis) and 6 european (pyrus ...201223136514
differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcription factor pcmyb10 in pears (pyrus communis l.).anthocyanin biosynthesis in various plants is affected by environmental conditions and controlled by the transcription level of the corresponding genes. in pears (pyrus communis cv. 'wujiuxiang'), anthocyanin biosynthesis is significantly induced during low temperature storage compared with that at room temperature. we further examined the transcriptional levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in 'wujiuxiang' pears during developmental ripening and temperature-induced storage. the expression o ...201223029391
gorham disease of mandible treated with post-operative radiotherapy. 201224455523
constituents of twig bark of pear cultivars (pyrus species).organic solvent extracts from fresh twig bark of japanese pear cultivars (pyrus serotina) shinko and nijisseiki, and european pear cultivar (p. communis) le lectier were obtained by maceration with n-hexane and etoac, and analyzed in gc-eims experiments. in these two japanese cultivars, the lupeol, betulin, epifriedelinol, friedelin and arbutin contents of nijisseiki were higher than those of shinko. in the case of the lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol and betulin, the lupeol content of japanese p ...201222978211
gorham-stout disease as a complication of posterior shoulder capsulorrhaphy. 201222889527
[isolation and characterization of thermopirellula anaerolimosa gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium of the phylum planctomycetes].to cultivate various yet-to-be cultured heterotrophs from anaerobic granule sludge, we used a selective culture medium with low concentrations of substrates supplemented a variety of antibiotics.201223173436
evaluation of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products.this study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and their acidification in orange juice at 25°c for nine days and at 4°c over thirty five days of storage. alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and cacl(2) cross linking solution. unencapsulated l. rhamnosus gg was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both tempera ...201222633536
preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds: a greek tradition.in this research, the microbiological and physicochemical changes during preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds (pws fl) according to the traditional greek home food manufacture were studied. pears preserved in water served as control (pw fl). the growth of lactic acid bacteria (lab) coming from the pear surface was enhanced in the presence of sinapis seeds, while enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative bacteria declined coincidently with the lower (p<0.05) ph of t ...201223107505
t3ss-dependent differential modulations of the jasmonic acid pathway in susceptible and resistant genotypes of malus spp. challenged with erwinia amylovora.fire blight is a bacterial disease of maloideae caused by erwinia amylovora (ea). this necrogenic enterobacterium uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to inject type iii effectors into the plant cells to cause disease on its susceptible hosts, including economically important crops like apple and pear. the expressions of marker genes of the salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) defense regulation pathways were monitored by rt-qpcr in leaves of two apple genotypes, one susceptible and one ...201222525238
controlled release of pantoea agglomerans e325 for biocontrol of fire blight disease of apple.microencapsulation and controlled release of the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans strain e325 (e325), an antagonist to the bacterial plant pathogen erwinia amylovora that causes fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear, have been investigated. uniform core-shell alginate microcapsules (amcs), 60-300 μm in diameter, were fabricated to encapsulate e325 within the core, along with nutrients, to preserve viability and promote proliferation. controlled release of e325 was achieved by ...201222516094
formation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins in the transition zones of fire blight-infected stems of malus domestica cv. 'holsteiner cox' and pyrus communis cv. 'conference'.in the rosaceous subtribe pyrinae (formerly subfamily maloideae), pathogen attack leads to formation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans. accumulation of these phytoalexins was studied in greenhouse-grown grafted shoots of malus domestica cv. 'holsteiner cox' and pyrus communis cv. 'conference' after inoculation with the fire blight bacterium, erwinia amylovora. no phytoalexins were found in leaves. however, both classes of defence compounds were detected in the transition zone of stems. the flanking ...201222377689
variations in the molecular masses of the capsular exopolysaccharides amylovoran, pyrifolan and stewartan.erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight of apple, pear and some ornamentals, erwinia pyrifoliae, causing asian pear blight, and pantoea stewartii, causing stewart's wilt of sweet maize, synthesize capsular extracellular polysaccharides (epss) with a high molecular mass. the epss are virulence factors and form viscous aggregates, which participate in clogging vessels of infected plants and causing wilting. the sizes of epss produced under different environmental growth conditions were determined b ...201222266385
yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with fruits and blossoms of different fruit trees.yeasts are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere, but our knowledge of their diversity in various plant organs is still limited. this study focused on the diversity of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with matured fruits and fully open blossoms of apple, plum, and pear trees, during 2 consecutive years at 3 localities in southwest slovakia. the occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in fruit samples was 2½ times higher and the yeast community more diverse than that in blossom s ...201223210991
complete genomic sequence analyses of apple stem pitting virus isolates from china.the complete genomic sequences of a chinese aspv isolates kl1 and kl9 were determined from ten overlapping cdna clones. the genomes of both isolates were 9265 nucleotides excluding the poly (a) tail and contained five open reading frames (orfs). the identities between two complete genomes were 92.5% at nt level. multiple alignment of the amino acid sequences showed that 110 aa variations between two genomic sequences and the variable domains mainly distributed in 5'-terminal of orf1, orf3, and o ...201221909953
erwinia amylovora crispr elements provide new tools for evaluating strain diversity and for microbial source tracking.clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) comprise a family of short dna repeat sequences that are separated by non repetitive spacer sequences and, in combination with a suite of cas proteins, are thought to function as an adaptive immune system against invading dna. the number of crispr arrays in a bacterial chromosome is variable, and the content of each array can differ in both repeat number and in the presence or absence of specific spacers. we utilized a comparati ...201222860008
characterization of the biosynthetic operon for the antibacterial peptide herbicolin in pantoea vagans biocontrol strain c9-1 and incidence in pantoea species.pantoea vagans c9-1 is a biocontrol strain that produces at least two antibiotics inhibiting the growth of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease of pear and apple. one antibiotic, herbicolin i, was purified from culture filtrates of p. vagans c9-1 and determined to be 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine, also known as n(ß)-epoxysuccinamoyl-dap-valine. a plasposon library was screened for mutants that had lost the ability to produce herbicolin i. it was sho ...201222504810
amyr is a novel negative regulator of amylovoran production in erwinia amylovora.in this study, we attempted to understand the role of an orphan gene amyr in erwinia amylovora, a functionally conserved ortholog of ybjn in escherichia coli, which has recently been characterized. amylovoran, a high molecular weight acidic heteropolymer exopolysaccharide, is a virulent factor of e. amylovora. as reported earlier, amylovoran production in an amyr knockout mutant was about eight-fold higher than that in the wild type (wt) strain of e. amylovora. when a multicopy plasmid containin ...201223028751
analysis of the global transcriptional profiles of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolate e24377a.enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is an important pathogenic variant (pathovar) of e. coli in developing countries from a human health perspective, causing significant morbidity and mortality. previous studies have examined specific regulatory networks in etec, although little is known about the global effects of inter- and intra-kingdom signaling on the expression of virulence and colonization factors in etec. in this study, an e.coli/shigella pan-genome microarray, combined with quantita ...201222215741
appressorium-localized nadph oxidase b is essential for aggressiveness and pathogenicity in the host-specific, toxin-producing fungus alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype.black spot disease, alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, produces the host-specific toxin ak-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. previously, we have found that hydrogen peroxide is produced in the hyphal cell wall at the plant-pathogen interaction site, suggesting that the fungal reactive oxygen species (ros) generation machinery is important for pathogenicity. in this study, we identified two nadph oxidase (noxa and noxb) genes and produced nox disruption mutants. δnoxa and δnoxb ...201223279187
burdock fructooligosaccharide induces fungal resistance in postharvest kyoho grapes by activating the salicylic acid-dependent pathway and inhibiting browning.burdock fructooligosaccharide (bfo) is a natural elicitor from arcitum lappa. the effects of bfo in controlling postharvest disease in grape, apple, banana, kiwi, citrus, strawberry, and pear were investigated. the disease index, decay percentage, and area under the disease progress curve indicated that bfo has general control effects on postharvest disease of fruits. kyoho grapes were studied to elucidate the mechanism of bfo in boosting the resistance of grapes to botrytis cinerea infection. b ...201223265522
effect of available nutrients on yield and quality of pear fruit bartlett in kashmir valley india.pear is one of the most important commercial crops grown in the kashmir valley of india. a study was conducted during 2008 to find out the effect of available nutrients on yield and quality parameters of pear cultivar "bartlett" which revealed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exhibited significant and positive relationship with fruit length (0.882, 0.856, and 0.482 mm, respectively), diameter (0.869, 0.794 and 0.458 mm, respectively), weight (0.876, 0.825 and 0.439 g, respectively), volum ...201223741793
[the importance of genus alternaria in mycotoxins production and human diseases].alternaría is a cosmopolitan fungal genus that includes saprophytic, endophytic and pathogenic species, widely distributed in soil and organic matter in decomposition. plant pathogenic species affect cereals, vegetables and fruit crops in the field and during storage. alternaría spp. contamination is responsible for some of the world's most devastating plant diseases, causing serious reduction of crop yields and considerable economic losses. alternaría species produce more than 70 secondary meta ...201223588425
comparative genomics of japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strain ejp617 with closely related erwinias.japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strains cause bacterial shoot blight of pear (bsbp) in japan. the genetics of japanese erwinia remains largely unknown relative to the abundant genomic information available for other erwinia strains. we compared the genome of japanese and korean e. pyrifoliae strains along with those of e. amylovora and e. tasmaniensis. comparisons with the korean e. pyrifoliae strain revealed numerous gene insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and inversions in the central regions o ...201223517317
beware the batus cactus--cactus dermatitis in exercising soldiers on the albertan prairie.species of the opuntia or prickly pear genus of cacti are endemic to the british army training unit suffield (batus) training area in alberta, canada. they are known to provoke a dermatitis reaction in harvesters of the cacti fruit. it's spines are frequently an uncomfortable nuisance to unwary soldiers exercising in batus. we report two cases of particularly debilitating adverse skin reactions to the cacti spines that occurred during the 2010 exercise prairie thunder season.201223472572
comparison of activated carbon and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine for enrichment of trace amounts of some metal ions.the efficiency of modified activated carbon (ac) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) for the separation/preconcentration and determination of co, cd, pb, zn, and cu following their complexation by bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine has been described and compared. a one-at-a-time optimization method investigated the influence of various parameters that significantly influence the recoveries of the studied metal ions. at the optimum values of all variables, the response was linear ov ...201223451396
the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome revisited.the tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (trps) is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by (1) a peculiar and somewhat pear-shaped nose, (2) sparse and brittle scalp hair, and (3) radiographic evidence of cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands. on the basis of clinical, radiographic and genetic criteria, two subtypes (type i and ii) are discerned. we describe an intermediate "hybrid" variant of the trps in a patient with clinical and radiographic features of trps type i, but with a clearly abnormal ...20123496219
Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis.Histochemical screening of 30 Rosaceae genera representing all classic subfamilies demonstrated flavan-3-ols (catechins) as general secondary metabolites in roots of Rosaceae. Semi-quantitative LC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and various dimeric flavan-3-ols (also representing higher polymeric proanthocyanidins) as prominent polyphenols in root tips of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum). Distinct patterns of flavan-3-o ...201221973223
Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Regulated by the Rcs Phosphorelay System in Erwinia amylovora.The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is one of the major pathogenicity factors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apples and pears. We have previously demonstrated that the RcsBCD phosphorelay system is essential for virulence by controlling amylovoran biosynthesis. We have also found that the hybrid sensor kinase RcsC differentially regulates amylovoran production in vitro and in vivo. To further understand how the Rcs system regulates E. amylovora virulence gene expression, w ...201221936662
detection of erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel pcr primers.to detect the apple and pear pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae, we created novel pcr primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. to facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms).201221973322
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