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tubular proteinuria and glomerular filtration 6 years after puumala hantavirus-induced acute interstitial nephritis.we previously found increased urinary protein excretion, glomerular filtration rate (gfr) and blood pressure in a retrospective analysis of patients with previous nephropathia epidemica (ne). here, we evaluated the long-term outcome after ne in a prospectively recruited patient group.200919390211
a proposal for new criteria for the classification of hantaviruses, based on s and m segment protein sequences.hantaviruses, members of the family bunyaviridae, are the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. hantaviruses are currently demarcated into species based on the guidelines provided by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv). these guidelines however, are often ignored by the descriptors of novel hantaviruses. with this study we attempted to refine the second ictv guideline for hantavirus species demarcation by phylogen ...200919393771
host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the american shrew mole (neurotrichus gibbsii).a genetically distinct hantavirus, designated oxbow virus (oxbv), was detected in tissues of an american shrew mole (neurotrichus gibbsii), captured in gresham, oregon, in september 2003. pairwise analysis of full-length s- and m- and partial l-segment nucleotide and amino acid sequences of oxbv indicated low sequence similarity with rodent-borne hantaviruses. phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and bayesian methods, and host-parasite evolutionary comparisons, showed that oxbv and asa ...200919394994
evidence of circulation of laguna negra-like hantavirus in the central west of brazil: case report.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome has been reported with increasing frequency in some brazilian regions, but information about viral genetic identification is still limited. recently, the state of mato grosso, in the legal amazon of brazil, experienced a growing number of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) cases but the genetic characterization of the causative hantavirus is still missing.200919395308
seasonal variation in sin nombre virus infections in deer mice: preliminary results.the proportion of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) with recently acquired sin nombre virus (snv) infections is an indicator of epizootic intensity and may be key in predicting outbreaks of hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome in humans. we investigated whether incidence of recent infections was related to season, sex, reproductive status, or habitat disturbance. in may and september, 2006, we sampled 912 deer mice at six sites in utah. we determined snv antibody prevalence and estimated the nu ...200919395752
the hantaviral load in tissues of naturally infected rodents.hantaviruses cause a lifelong and asymptomatic infection in naturally infected hosts as well as in experimentally infected rodents. understanding the ecology and pathogenesis of hantaviruses requires an interdisciplinary research approach, which links laboratory experiments with results gained from field studies. although several studies report hantavirus persistence and tissue infection patterns for experimentally infected rodents, field data is very limited. for this reason, the aim of our stu ...200919397875
adenovirus vectors expressing hantavirus proteins protect hamsters against lethal challenge with andes virus.hantaviruses infect humans following aerosolization from rodent feces and urine, producing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. due to the high rates of mortality and lack of therapies, vaccines are urgently needed. nonreplicating adenovirus (ad) vectors that express andes hantavirus (andv) nucleocapsid protein (adn) or glycoproteins (adg(n) and adg(c)) were constructed. ad vectors were tested for their ability to protect syrian hamsters from a lethal andv inf ...200919403663
replication reduction neutralization test, a quantitative rt-pcr-based technique for the detection of neutralizing hantavirus antibodies.hantaviruses, which are mainly rodent-borne viruses, cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the old world, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the new world. a neutralization test based on quantitative rt-pcr, the replication reduction neutralization test (rrnt), was developed for efficient detection of hantavirus-neutralizing antibodies. the effectiveness of the rrnt was evaluated by examining several hantaviruses and hantavirus-specific convalescent human serum samples. all convalesce ...200919406158
first molecular evidence of tula hantavirus in microtus voles in slovenia.different microtus species, present in a worldwide range habitat populating north america, europe, asia, and few other species have been recognized previously as a hantavirus reservoir. tula hantavirus was first reported in microtus arvalis and microtus rossiaemeridionalis from central russia and later discovered in several european countries. using molecular techniques we have demonstrated the presence of tula hantavirus in three different microtus species in slovenia. phylogenetic analyses of ...200919410611
experimental evidence for reduced rodent diversity causing increased hantavirus prevalence.emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have become a major global environmental problem with important public health, economic, and political consequences. the etiologic agents of most emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, and anthropogenic environmental changes that affect wildlife communities are increasingly implicated in disease emergence and spread. although increased disease incidence has been correlated with biodiversity loss for several zoonoses, experimental tests in these sy ...200919421313
is hantavirus important to practitioners? 200919434032
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a concise clinical review.in 1978, hantaviruses were first described as the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in korea. since then, numerous related, enveloped, negative-stranded rna viruses have been identified, forming the genus hantavirus within the family bunyaviridae. these pathogens are distributed worldwide and thus can be classified, on the basis of phylogenetic origins, into old world viruses or new world viruses (ie north, central, and south america). similarly, these viruses cau ...200919434035
phylogenetic characterization of hantaviruses from wild rodents and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases in the state of parana (southern brazil).over 1,100 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) have occurred in brazil since 1993, but little is known about brazilian hantaviruses, and many of their rodent hosts remain unknown. the araucaria hantavirus (arauv) was described recently from hps patients from paraná, in southern brazil, but its host could not be identified. in this study, rodents were captured from regions with high hps prevalence to address this issue. arauv rna was detected in three distantly related rodent species: ol ...200919439554
hantavirus disease (nephropathia epidemica) in belgium: effects of tree seed production and climate.recently, human cases of nephropathia epidemica (ne) due to puumala virus infection in europe have increased. following the hypothesis that high reservoir host abundance induces higher transmission rates to humans, explanations for this altered epidemiology must be sought in factors that cause bank vole (myodes glareolus) abundance peaks. in western europe, these abundance peaks are often related to high tree seed production, which is supposedly triggered by specific weather conditions. we evalu ...200918606026
role of the nss protein in the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses.the family bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: orthobunyavirus, hantavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus and tospovirus. the orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self-limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. the viruses have a tripartite, negative-sense rna genome. analyses of viruses in four serogroups (bunyamwera ...200918771514
construction and expression of a eukaryotic expression vector containing a fusion gene of the hantaan virus s gene and hsp70 gene.hantavirus (hv) infection leads to a kind of severe systematic syndrome, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). heat shock proteins (hsps) can be used as adjuvants assisting soluble antigens to produce specific targets which can be attacked by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. for further research on hfrs vaccine, this study aimed to express hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (htnv np)-hsp70 fusion protein in cos-7 cells. first, an htnv s gene encoding np was amplified by pcr with a mutated termin ...200918810536
bovine and human-derived passive immunization could help slow a future avian influenza pandemic.an epidemic of human transmitted avian influenza could have casualties on a scale seen in the great spanish influenza pandemic of 1918. this paper proposes that should such occur before effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available, the outbreak could be significantly slowed by consumption of raw milk produced by herds of pathogen-free lactating cows intranasally inoculated with heat-sterilized sputa pooled from avian influenza patients, supplemented by parenteral serum immune globulin fr ...200918824305
serological and genetic evidence for the presence of seoul hantavirus in rattus norvegicus in flanders, belgium.seoul hantavirus (seov), carried by rattus rattus (black rat) and r. norvegicus (norway, brown rat), was reported to circulate as well as cause hfrs cases in asia. as rattus sp. are present worldwide, seov has the potential to cause human disease worldwide. in europe however, only seov prevalence in rats from france was reported and no confirmed cases of seov infection were published. we here report genetic and serological evidence for the presence of seov virus in brown rat populations in belgi ...200918821445
hantavirus evolution in relation to its rodent and insectivore hosts: no evidence for codivergence.hantaviruses are considered one of the best examples of a long-term association between rna viruses and their hosts. based on the appearance of strong host specificity, it has been suggested that hantaviruses cospeciated with the rodents and insectivores they infect since these mammals last shared a common ancestor, approximately 100 million years ago. we tested this hypothesis of host-virus codivergence in two ways: 1) we used cophylogenetic reconciliation analysis to assess the fit of the viru ...200918922760
more than half of the patients with acute puumala hantavirus infection have abnormal cardiac findings.this study was conducted to determine the frequency, severity and outcome of cardiac findings in patients with acute puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne). 70 consecutive, hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed ne were prospectively examined using serial electrocardiograms (ecg), plasma troponin i, tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6), and echocardiography (echo). examinations were repeated after 3 and 12 months. ecg changes were observe ...200918932105
hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein binds to importin alpha proteins and inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa b.hantaviruses such as hantaan virus (htnv) and andes virus cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, respectively. for both, disease pathogenesis is thought to be immunologically mediated and there have been numerous reports of patients with elevated levels of proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), in their sera. multiple viruses have developed evasion strategies to circumvent the host ...200919019947
a newly recognized hantavirus in the asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) in indonesia.hantaviral sequences were recovered from the lung tissue of an asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) captured in serang, indonesia. phylogenetic analysis of partial l, m and s segment sequences showed that they belonged to a novel hantavirus provisionally named serang virus (serv). notably, serv is distinct from the hantaviruses associated with rodents of the species rattus: seoul virus associated with rattus norvegicus worldwide and gou virus isolated from rattus rattus in china. instead serv appea ...200919088290
secretory expression and purification of recombinant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit and its applications on intranasal vaccination of hantavirus.in order to further study the b subunit of the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb), we obtained the ltb gene from pathogenic e. coli, cloned it into the pet22b (+) prokaryotic expression vector, and expressed it as a fusion protein with his tag in e. coli bl21 (de3). the recombinant ltb was expressed and purified by ni2+ affinity chromatography. the biological activity of the purified recombinant ltb was assayed in a series of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (gm1)-elisa experiments. ...200919089660
central nervous system complications following hanta virus cardiopulmonary syndrome. 200919089788
recent approaches in hantavirus vaccine development.rodent-borne hantaviruses are associated with two main clinical disorders in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. although hantavirus diseases can be life threatening and numerous research efforts are focused on the development of hantavirus prevention, no specific antiviral therapy is yet available and, at this time, no who-approved vaccine has gained widespread acceptance. this review will summarize the current knowledge and recent progress as ...200919093774
characterization of hantaviruses circulating in central brazil.in 2004, an outbreak of hcps in brazil made hantaviruses a national threat to the rural and urban population. during this outbreak, 164 cases were reported, and 18.3% of them occurred in the federal district. in this study, hantavirus genomic sequences were amplified from seven patients who resided in central brazil and then sequenced and compared to other hantavirus sequences. the complete s segment sequence, which is 1847 bases long and potentially encodes the 428 amino acid nucleocapsid prote ...200919103306
predicting high risk for human hantavirus infections, sweden.an increased risk for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus was forecast for sweden in 2007. the forecast was based on a predicted increase in the number of myodes glareolus rodents (reservoir hosts). despite raised awareness and preparedness, the number of human cases during july 2007-june 2008 was 1,483, a new high.200919116065
ecology, genetic diversity, and phylogeographic structure of andes virus in humans and rodents in chile.andes virus (andv) is the predominant etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in southern south america. in chile, serologically confirmed human hantavirus infections have occurred throughout a wide latitudinal distribution extending from the regions of valparaíso (32 to 33 degrees s) to aysén (46 degrees s) in southern patagonia. in this study, we found seropositive rodents further north in the coquimbo region (30 degrees s) in chile. rodent seroprevalence was 1.4%, with o ...200919116256
an experimental test of factors attracting deer mice into buildings.deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal reservoir host of sin nombre virus (snv). deer mice use a wide variety of habitats including peridomestic settings in and around human dwellings, their presence in and around homes has been implicated as a risk factor for acquiring hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. deer mice are believed to enter buildings in order to gain access to a variety of resources including food, bedding material, and better thermal microclimates. however, no one has expe ...200920628475
simultaneous detection of cdc category "a" dna and rna bioterrorism agents by use of multiplex pcr & rt-pcr enzyme hybridization assays.assays to simultaneously detect multiple potential agents of bioterrorism are limited. two multiplex pcr and rt-pcr enzyme hybridization assays (mpcr-eha, mrt-pcr-eha) were developed to simultaneously detect many of the cdc category "a" bioterrorism agents. the "bio t" dna assay was developed to detect: variola major (vm), bacillus anthracis (ba), yersinia pestis (yp), francisella tularensis (ft) and varicella zoster virus (vzv). the "bio t" rna assay (mrt-pcr-eha) was developed to detect: ebola ...200920224751
the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in southern parts of bosnia and herzegovina.bosnia and herzegovina (b&h) has been known as an endemic region for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) for over 50 years. multiple epidemics of this disease have been registered so far, especially in endemic parts of central and northeastern bosnia, as well as the sarajevo region. seroepidemiological investigations demonstrate naturalization of hantaviruses and their wide spread in b&h. however, there are no studies from the southern areas of b&h, and endemic foci of this disease are ...200920120399
isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in oligoryzomys longicaudatus (muridae, sigmodontinae, oryzomini), the natural reservoir of genotype andes hantavirus.the rodent oligoryzomys longicaudatus or long-tailed pygmy rice rat is the reservoir of the aetiological agent of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern argentina and chile. we characterize 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci which would be useful for studies on microgeographical population structure in the species. amplification of these loci in 42 individuals from four natural populations revealed four to 21 alleles per locus, and values of observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.371 to ...200821586078
infections in the natural environment of british columbia, canada.the canadian province of british columbia has a luxurious environment, complete with the multitude of wildlife and insects, and would at first glance appear to be suitable for the transmission of diseases in nature communicable to humans. despite this potential, such diseases are relatively uncommon, although several have the potential for serious consequences. attention has been recently focused on hantavirus infection, water-borne toxoplasmosis and parasitic diarrheal diseases, cryptococcosis ...200820701841
the effect of habitat fragmentation and species diversity loss on hantavirus prevalence in panama.habitat fragmentation and diversity loss due to increased conversion of natural habitats to agricultural uses influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife species and thus may change the ecology of pathogen transmission. we used hantaviruses in panama as a research model to determine whether anthropogenic environmental change is associated with changes in the dynamics of viral transmission. specifically, we wanted to determine whether hantavirus infection was correlated with spatial attr ...200819120179
recent discoveries of new hantaviruses widen their range and question their origins.hantaviruses belong to the bunyaviridae family. while usually hosted by wild mammals, they are potentially pathogenic for humans, and several serologically distinct groups associated with different syndromes have been identified. yet, investigations have mostly been conducted where human infections by hantaviruses constitute a real and well-identified public health problem, i.e., the holarctic and neotropical areas. some hantaviruses have also been described from a suncus murinus in india and a ...200819120180
[detection of anti-hantavirus antibodies in forest workers in the north-east of poland].to estimate exposition to hantaviruses in a high-risk population (forest workers) in the north-east of poland.200819108515
[molecular epidemiological study on the host and role of the hantavirus and orientia tsutsugamushi in the same epidemic area].to investigate whether hantavirus (hv) and orientia tsutsugamushi ( ot) can naturally infect and coexist in their host and role.200819115620
surveillance of vector-borne diseases in germany: trends and challenges in the view of disease emergence and climate change.the changing epidemiology of vector-borne diseases represents a growing threat to human health. contemporary surveillance systems have to adapt to these changes. we describe temporal trends and geographic origins of vector-borne diseases in germany with regard to strengths of existing disease surveillance and to areas marked for improvement. we focused on hantavirus infection (endemic in germany), chikungunya fever (recently emerging in europe) and dengue fever (imported from tropical regions), ...200819030882
network "rodent-borne pathogens" in germany: longitudinal studies on the geographical distribution and prevalence of hantavirus infections.hantavirus infections are known in germany since the 1980s. while the overall antibody prevalence against hantaviruses in the general human population was estimated to be about 1-2%, an average of 100-200 clinical cases are recorded annually. in the years 2005 and 2007 in particular, a large increase of the number of human hantavirus infections in germany was observed. the most affected regions were located in the federal states of baden-wuerttemberg, bavaria, north rhine westphalia, and lower s ...200819030894
emergence of hantavirus in south germany: rodents, climate and human infections.human hantavirus (serotype puumala) infections are prevalent throughout europe. the bank vole is the main reservoir of the puumala virus (puuv). between 2001 and 2006, the annual incidences in germany ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. about half of the cases were reported from the state of baden-württemberg (bw) in southwest germany. in 2007, 1,089 puuv infections were reported from bw. this reflects an incidence of 10.1:100,000, which is more than 11 times higher than the mean inc ...200819030895
[hantavirus mucosal vaccine through different mucosal with heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit as adjuvants].to evaluation the effect of different mucosal vaccination pathway on hantavirus with the recombinant e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (rltb) as adjuvant.200819031694
[the reactivity of sera from hemorrhagic fever in patients with renal syndromes to the recombination nucleotide proteins from european hantaviruses in hubei province].five yeast-expressed recombination nucleotide proteins of european hantaviruses were prepared as coated antigens to detect hantavirus-specific antibodies in sera from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes (hfrs) in hubei province, through elisa assay. the relativity among hantaviruses prevailing in different areas was investigated.200819040041
antiviral effect of human saliva against hantavirus.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are zoonotic diseases caused by rodent borne hantaviruses. transmission to humans occurs usually by inhalation of aerozolized virus-contaminated rodent excreta. although human-to-human transmission of andes hantavirus has been observed, the mode of transmission is currently not known. saliva from puumala hantavirus (puuv)-infected patients was shown recently to contain viral rna. to test if human saliva interferes wit ...200819040288
immunological mechanisms mediating hantavirus persistence in rodent reservoirs.hantaviruses, similar to several emerging zoonotic viruses, persistently infect their natural reservoir hosts, without causing overt signs of disease. spillover to incidental human hosts results in morbidity and mortality mediated by excessive proinflammatory and cellular immune responses. the mechanisms mediating the persistence of hantaviruses and the absence of clinical symptoms in rodent reservoirs are only starting to be uncovered. recent studies indicate that during hantavirus infection, p ...200819043585
sin nombre virus infection in deer mice, channel islands, california. 200819046540
storage of cellular 5' mrna caps in p bodies for viral cap-snatching.the minus strand and ambisense segmented rna viruses include multiple important human pathogens and are divided into three families, the orthomyxoviridae, the bunyaviridae, and the arenaviridae. these viruses all initiate viral transcription through the process of "cap-snatching," which involves the acquisition of capped 5' oligonucleotides from cellular mrna. hantaviruses are emerging pathogenic viruses of the bunyaviridae family that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. cellular mrnas ...200819047634
[increased incidence of hantavirus infection in germany and austria]. 200818937155
genetic immunization with hantavirus vaccine combining expression of g2 glycoprotein and fused interleukin-2.in this research, we developed a novel chimeric htnv-il-2-g2 dna vaccine plasmid by genetically linking il-2 gene to the g2 segment dna and tested whether it could be a candidate vaccine. chimeric gene was first expressed in eukaryotic expression system pcdna3.1 (+). the htnv-il-2-g2 expressed a 72 kda fusion protein in cos-7 cells. meanwhile, the fusion protein kept the activity of its parental proteins. furthermore, balb/c mice were vaccinated by the chimeric gene. elisa, cell microculture neu ...200818940009
roles for the recycling endosome, rab8, and rab11 in hantavirus release from epithelial cells.hantavirus structural proteins are believed to localize to intracellular membranes often identified as golgi membranes, in virus-infected cells. after virus budding into the golgi luminal space, virus-containing vesicles are transported to the plasma membrane via trafficking pathways that are not well defined. using the new world hantavirus, andes virus, we have investigated the role of various rab proteins in the release of hantavirus particles from infected cells. rabs 8 and 11 were found to c ...200818951604
the role of heterogeneity in the persistence and prevalence of sin nombre virus in deer mice.many diseases persist at a relatively low prevalence, seemingly close to extinction. for a chronic disease in a homogeneous population, reducing the transmission rate by a fraction proportional to the prevalence would be sufficient to eradicate the disease. this study examines how higher prevalence of the sin nombre virus in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) might contribute to disease persistence. analyzing data from over 2,000 individual mice captured in 19 sites over 4 years, we found p ...200818959490
a protein that replaces the entire cellular eif4f complex.the eif4f cap-binding complex mediates the initiation of cellular mrna translation. eif4f is composed of eif4e, which binds to the mrna cap, eif4g, which indirectly links the mrna cap with the 43s pre-initiation complex, and eif4a, which is a helicase necessary for initiation. viral nucleocapsid proteins (n) function in both genome replication and rna encapsidation. surprisingly, we find that hantavirus n has multiple intrinsic activities that mimic and substitute for each of the three peptides ...200818971945
genomic organization and phylogenetic utility of deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta.deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are among the most common mammals in north america and are important reservoirs of several human pathogens, including sin nombre hantavirus (snv). snv can establish a life-long apathogenic infection in deer mice, which can shed virus in excrement for transmission to humans. patients that die from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) have been found to express several proinflammatory cytokines, including lymphotoxin (lt), in the lungs. it is thought that t ...200818976466
first genetic detection of tula hantavirus in wild rodents in the netherlands. 200818977537
hantavirus antibodies in rodents and human cases with pulmonary syndrome, rio negro, argentina.in río negro province, argentina, human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) appeared in the region of subantarctic forests. the andes virus (andv) has been identified in the region both in oligoryzomys longicaudatus rodents and in humans, with the main transmission being from rodents to humans but also showing the possibility of human to human transmission. between 1996 and 2004, in 40 campaigns, 29.960 night-traps for capturing live rodents were set up. blood samples were obtained from ...200818977707
hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome: implications for transport management and care.a 14-year-old boy with cardiorespiratory failure was referred for air medical transport. the complexity of care during air medical transport and subsequent diagnosis of hantavirus warranted a post hoc review of the literature to establish optimal transport management criteria.200818992690
natural host relationships and genetic diversity of rodent-associated hantaviruses in southeastern brazil.hantaviruses are rodent-borne rna viruses that have caused hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in several brazilian regions. in the present study, geographical distribution, seroprevalence, natural host range, and phylogenetic relations of rodent-associated hantaviruses collected from seven counties of southeastern brazil were evaluated.200819001829
corticosteroids modulate seoul virus infection, regulatory t-cell responses and matrix metalloprotease 9 expression in male, but not female, norway rats.human hantaviral disease is mediated by excessive proinflammatory and cd8+ t-cell responses, which can be alleviated by administration of corticosteroids. in contrast with humans, male rats that are infected with their species-specific hantavirus, seoul virus (seov), have reduced proinflammatory and elevated regulatory t-cell responses in tissues where virus persists. to determine the effects of glucocorticoids on seov persistence and immune responses during infection, male and female norway rat ...200818931068
hantaviruses and tnf-alpha act synergistically to induce erk1/2 inactivation in vero e6 cells.we have previously reported that the apathogenic tula hantavirus induces apoptosis in vero e6 epithelial cells. to assess the molecular mechanisms behind the induced apoptosis we studied the effects of hantavirus infection on cellular signaling pathways which promote cell survival. we previously also observed that the tula virus-induced cell death process is augmented by external tnf-alpha. since tnf-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of hantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ...200818822184
a hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires gc1qr/p32 for efficient cell binding and infection.hantaan virus (htnv) is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). htnv infection is mediated by alpha v beta3 integrin. we used protein blots of vero e6 cell homogenates to demonstrate that radiolabeled htnv virions bind to gc1qr/p32, the acidic 32-kda protein known as the receptor for the globular head domain of complement c1q. rnai-mediated suppression of gc1qr/p32 markedly reduced htnv binding and infection in human lung epithelial a549 cells. conversel ...200818834607
first detection of tula hantaviruses in microtus arvalis voles in hungary.tula hantavirus (tulv) is a member of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae and is mainly carried by the european common vole (microtus arvalis). in order to detect tulv, we tested microtus arvalis (mar) and microtus subterraneus (msu) voles captured in two different locations of the southern transdanubian region of hungary. the viral genome was detectable in 37% of the tested mar voles but, interestingly, was absent in all msu. phylogenetic analysis performed with a partial coding sequence ...200818836679
hantavirus-induced immunity in rodent reservoirs and humans.summary: hantaviruses are predominantly rodent-borne pathogens, although recently novel shrew-associated hantaviruses were found. within natural reservoir hosts, hantairuses do not cause obvious pathogenetic effects; transmission to humans, however, can lead to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, depending on the virus species involved. this review is focussed on the recent knowledge on hantavirus-induced immune responses in rodent reservoirs and humans ...200818837782
[study on the molecular epidemiology of hantavirus carried by rodent hosts in cixi, zhejiang province].to collect more data on the epidemiology of hantavirus in rodents in cixi, zhejiang province.200818843995
[study on the molecular characteristic of natural infection of rodents with hantaviruses in shenzhen city].in order to investigate hantavirus (hv) infection of captured rodents and to understand the genotypes and the molecular characteristic of hantaviruses in shenzhen.200818844081
molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus in the japanese shrew mole (urotrichus talpoides).recent molecular evidence of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews, captured in widely separated geographical regions, corroborates decades-old reports of hantavirus antigens in shrew tissues. apart from challenging the conventional view that rodents are the principal reservoir hosts, the recently identified soricid-borne hantaviruses raise the possibility that other soricomorphs, notably talpids, similarly harbor hantaviruses. in analyzing rna extracts from lung tissues of the japanese sh ...200818854415
case report: t-cell responses during clearance of andes virus from blood cells 2 months after severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) due to andes virus (andv) is endemic in chile and argentina and currently demonstrates a case-fatality rate of 37% in humans. by contrast to the chronically infected rodents, it is believed that andv in humans is cleared during the acute phase. moreover, to date, both magnitude and quality of human t-cell responses during andv infection and clearance are unknown. using ifn-gamma and granzyme b elispot assays as well as flow cytometry, we prospectively s ...200818814258
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in montenegro.the objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in montenegro. the study included 169 cases of hfrs diagnosed in the period between 1995 and 2005 according to the clinical symptoms and serological confirmation. for the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the cases, as well as of the chronological and topographical features of the disease, a descriptive epidemiological method was employed. the average incidence rate ...200818806348
nmr structure of the n-terminal coiled coil domain of the andes hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.the hantaviruses are emerging infectious viruses that in humans can cause a cardiopulmonary syndrome or a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the nucleocapsid (n) is the most abundant viral protein, and during viral assembly, the n protein forms trimers and packages the viral rna genome. here, we report the nmr structure of the n-terminal domain (residues 1-74, called n1-74) of the andes hantavirus n protein. n1-74 forms two long helices (alpha1 and alpha2) that intertwine into a coiled coil ...200818687679
[zoonoses transmitted by mouse and rat maintained as laboratory or pet animals].large numbers of mice (mus spp.) and rats (rattus spp.) are maintained for scientific reasons and as pet animals in germany. while laboratory animals are monitored for pathogenic agents, the hygienic status of pet animals is usually completely unknown. despite great efforts, zoonotic infections were reported even in laboratory settings, e.g. with hantavirus (seoul virus), streptobacillus moniliformis, and trichphyton mentagrophytes. however, in current reports, zoonotic infections were transmitt ...200818712260
pathology of puumala hantavirus infection in macaques.hantaviruses are globally important human pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. capillary leakage is central to hantaviral diseases, but how it develops, has remained unknown. it has been hypothesized that the pathogenesis of hantavirus infection would be a complex interplay between direct viral effects and immunopathological mechanisms. both of these were studied in the so far best model of mild hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, i.e. ...200818716663
expression of a hantavirus n protein and its efficacy as antigen in immune assays.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) has been recognized as an important public heath problem. five hantaviruses associated with hcps are currently known in brazil: juquitiba, araraquara, laguna negra-like, castelo dos sonhos, and anajatuba viruses. the laboratory diagnosis of hcps is routinely carried out by the detection of anti-hantavirus igm and/or igg antibodies. the present study describes the expression of the n protein of a hantavirus detected in the blood sample of an hcps patient ...200818719741
oligomerization of hantaviral nucleocapsid protein: charged residues in the n-terminal coiled-coil domain contribute to intermolecular interactions.the nucleocapsid (n) protein of hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) is the most abundant component of the virion; it encapsidates genomic rna segments and participates in viral genome transcription and replication, as well as in virus assembly. during rna encapsidation, the n protein forms intermediate trimers and then oligomers via 'head-to-head, tail-to-tail' interactions. in previous work, using tula hantavirus (tulv) n protein as a model, it was demonstrated that an intact coiled-coil structu ...200818753226
vector-borne diseases threaten europe. 200818754168
[immunogenicity of n-protein of puumala hantavirus for noninbred mice in the intramuscular administration of its gene dna].the outbreaks of hantavirus infections in some regions of the russian federation in some years involve considerable material and social losses. in this connection, the designing of the most effective types of vaccines is an urgent task. the authors have created plasmid constructions containing the gene of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus, with whose intramuscular injection there is a specific immune response and plasmid dna is detectable in the adjacent tissues within a month after in ...200818756816
juquitiba-like hantavirus from 2 nonrelated rodent species, uruguay.serologic and genetic analyses indicate that a juquitiba-like hantavirus circulates in maldonado, uruguay. this virus is carried by 2 rodent species, oligoryzomys nigripes and oxymycterus nasutus. the same hantavirus in 2 nonrelated species can be explained by a spillover infection or a host-switching event.200818760017
situation of hantavirus infections and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in european countries as of december 2006.hantavirus infections are widely distributed in europe with the exception of the far north and the mediterranean regions. the underlying causes of varying epidemiological patterns differ among regions: in western and central europe epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by hantavirus infections follow mast years with increased seed production by oak and beech trees followed by increased rodent reproduction. in the northern regions, hantavirus infections and hfrs epidem ...200818761927
[nephropathia epidemica as the result of a puumala virus infection in a pregnant patient].a 29-year-old woman in the early stage of pregnancy ( approximately 6 (th) week) presented in our hospital with influenza-like symptoms of fever, headache, aching limbs and tenderness over the costovertebral angle. acute oliguric renal failure occurred within a few days.200818770481
role of mixed th1 and th2 serum cytokines on pathogenesis and prognosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is an emerging syndrome in the americas. the disease results from intense immune activation and changes in vascular permeability. the aim of this study was to determine the profile of serum cytokines in hps patients looking for correlation with the clinical parameters, severity and outcome of illness. studying 21 hps patients, we found that il-6 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of hps, being associated with fatal outcome. our results also sup ...200818606242
lack of vertical transmission of hantaan virus from persistently infected dam to progeny in laboratory mice.it is unclear how the hantaviruses are transferred from infected to uninfected rodents. we studied the status of persistently infected laboratory mice and examined the frequency of viral transmission to their offspring. expression of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein was detected in the lungs of persistently infected dams. none of the progeny displayed viral antigen, although they were strongly positive for igg antibodies against hantavirus. there was neither hantavirus rna nor virus-specific i ...200818612586
the ny-1 hantavirus gn cytoplasmic tail coprecipitates traf3 and inhibits cellular interferon responses by disrupting tbk1-traf3 complex formation.pathogenic hantaviruses replicate within human endothelial cells and cause two diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. in order to replicate in endothelial cells pathogenic hantaviruses inhibit the early induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta). expression of the cytoplasmic tail of the pathogenic ny-1 hantavirus gn protein is sufficient to inhibit rig-i- and tbk1-directed ifn responses. the formation of tbk1-traf3 complexes directs irf-3 phosphorylation ...200818614628
a serosurvey for hantavirus infection in wild rodents from the states of rio de janeiro and pernambuco, brazil.sera from 269 rodents obtained during the routine surveillance operations in plague areas of rio de janeiro and pernambuco states, brazil were tested by elisa for specific igg antibodies against a recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein of araraquara hantavirus. elisa-positive sera were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for amplification of the virus genome and later sequencing for identification of the viral variant. the samples from the state of pernambuco were ...200818619568
cross-reactive and serospecific epitopes of nucleocapsid proteins of three hantaviruses: prospects for new diagnostic tools.the diagnosis of infectious diseases is sometimes difficult because of extensive immunological cross-reactivity between related viral antigens. on the path of constructing sero-specific antigens, we have identified residues involved in sero-specific and cross-reactive recognition of the nucleocapsid proteins (nps) of puumala virus (puuv), seoul virus (seov), and sin nombre virus (snv) using serum samples from 17 nephropathia epidemica patients. the mapping was performed by enzyme-linked immunoso ...200818620010
genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by reed voles microtus fortis in china.to gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in china, the hantaviral s, m and l segment sequences were recovered from two microtus fortis captured in shenyang and four m. fortis trapped in yuanjiang in china. genetic analysis revealed that shenyang sequences are closely related to the sequences of fusong strains of vladivostok virus (vlav). interestingly, the complete s segment and partial l segment sequences from yuanjiang were quite distinct from those of shenyang and fusong st ...200818644410
hantavirus nephropathy.pathogenic rodent-borne hantaviruses cause in humans generalized infections that involve the peripheral vascular bed and severely affect their permeability. we describe a 30-yr-old male patient with clinical symptoms characterizing five conventional phases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome after an uncommonly severe hantavirus infection with the puumala strain. renal biopsy in this situation typically demonstrates acute hemorrhagic interstitial nephritis, particularly pronounced in the ou ...200818650483
[the hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pulmonary syndrome].the goal of this review is to provide basic information on hantaviruses as causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), two zoonotic diseases widely distributed in asia/europe, and the american continent, respectively. hantaviruses are rodent-borne and transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected rodents or their secretions (urine, feces and saliva). both, hfrs and hps share some clinical aspects, however, hemorrhage and renal ...200818670726
bench-to-bedside review: rare and common viral infections in the intensive care unit--linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation.viral infections are common causes of respiratory tract disease in the outpatient setting but much less common in the intensive care unit. however, a finite number of viral agents cause respiratory tract disease in the intensive care unit. some viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv), are relatively common. others, such as adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus, hantavirus, and the viral hemo ...200818671826
[first case of nephropathia epidemica acquired in switzerland].a 43 year healthy old man complains of fever with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, followed by the development of thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. the laboratory tests show the presence of hantavirus specific igm and igg which is confirmed by a specific test revealing puumala serotype as responsible. the patient received a symptomatic treatment with a favourable evolution allowing discharge about ten days after the beginning of symptoms. hantavirus are transmitted by rodents, and th ...200818672548
puumala hantavirus excretion kinetics in bank voles (myodes glareolus).puumala hantavirus is present in bank voles (myodes glareolus) and is believed to be spread mainly by contaminated excretions. in this study, we subcutaneously inoculated 10 bank voles with puumala virus and sampled excretions until day 133 postinfection. levels of shed viral rna peaked within 11-28, 14-21, and 11-28 days postinfection for saliva, urine, and feces, respectively. the latest detection of viral rna was 84, 44, and 44 days postinfection in saliva, urine, and feces, respectively. in ...200818680643
clinical course and laboratory parameters of the first dobrava-belgrade hantavirus infection imported to germany. 200818218336
new and old world hantaviruses differentially utilize host cytoskeletal components during their life cycles.recently we reported that the n protein of the old world hantavirus, hantaan (htnv), traffics on microtubules to the er-golgi intermediate compartment (ergic) prior to its movement to the golgi and requires an intact ergic for viral replication. we have extended these studies to the new world hantaviruses, andes virus (andv) and black creek canal virus (bccv), and an additional old world hantavirus, seoul virus (seov). these studies support microtubule-dependent trafficking of the n protein to e ...200818234268
development of recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing the gn glycoprotein of seoul virus.seoul virus glycoprotein gn is a major structural protein and candidate antigen of hantavirus that induces a highly immunogenic response for hantavirus vaccine. in this study, a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing gn was constructed by the in vitro ligation method. the gn expression cassette, including the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter/enhancer and the sv40 early mrna polyadenylation signal, was cloned into the sspi site of the e3 region which is not ess ...200818249007
[zoonoses with wildlife reservoirs: a threat to public health and the economy].the world is experiencing an increase in emergent infections as a result of anthropogenic changes of the biosphere and globalization. global warming unrestricted exploitation of natural resources such as forests and fisheries, urbanization, human migration, and industrialization of animal husbandry cause environmental destruction and fragmentation. these changes of the biosphere favor local emergence of zoonoses from their natural biotopes and their interaction with domestic animals and human po ...200818575667
development of an elisa to detect sin nombre virus-specific igm from deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) is the primary reservoir for sin nombre virus (snv). although the presence of igg antibodies is often used as a marker of infection, it provides little information on active infections in a population but usually is an indicator of past infections. the presence of igm antibodies is a much better marker for determining whether active infections are present in a population. a mu-capture snv-specific igm enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. fr ...200818586333
[inhibiting effects of fucoidans on hantaan virus adsorption on a model of peritoneal macrophages in vitro].a model of peritoneal macrophages was used to study the effect of fucoidans from brown seaweeds on the adsorption of hantaan virus. fucoidans were found to have antiviral activity, but to differ in the inhibition of hantavirus adsorption, which was associated with their structural features. the mechanism of their action is assumed to be shown via ligand-receptor interaction with certain cell membrane receptors and via blockage of hantavirus glycoproteins (g1 and g2), resulting in adsorption inhi ...200818590128
[time course of changes in antibodies of various avidity in murine rodents in the epizootic and epidemic processes in hantavirus infection].the paper presents the results of studying the time course of changes in antibodies of varying avidity in murine rodents. the presence of low-avidity antibodies is shown to reflect the status of acute infection in the rodent population and their active viral shedding. a relationship is shown between the detection of low-avidity antibodies in animals in spring and autumn and the rise of endemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) morbidity. the findings demonstrate it possible to use data on the determinatio ...200818590130
[related substitutions in the small segment of old world hantavirus genome].whether there were related nucleotide substitutions in the s-segments of the genome of tula, puumala, hantaan, dorava/belgrad, and seoul viruses was studied. the significance of the correlations found in nucleotide substitutions was estimated by the level of mutual information. the majority of the correlated changes were synonymous substitutions. the correlations were mostly restricted to non-synonymous substitutions sites: tula 258 (a.a.) and dobrava/belgrad (56 a.a.). in the genome of puumala, ...200818590133
profiling of external metabolites during production of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein with recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae.recombinant strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, producing hantavirus puumala nucleocapsid protein for diagnostics and as a candidate vaccine were analyzed for uptake and excretion of intermediary metabolites during process optimization studies of fed-batch bioreactor cultures. concentrations of glucose, maltose, galactose, pyruvate, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetate, succinate and formaldehyde (used as a selection agent) were measured in the culture medium in order to find a metabolite pattern, in ...200817985082
seroepidemiological study on hantavirus infections in india.hantaviruses are etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in many parts of asia and europe. there has been no documented case of hantavirus disease from india, although serological evidence exists. we investigated the prevalence of hantavirus in the indian population and tried to identify potential risk groups for hantavirus infections. the presence of hantavirus-specific igg antibodies was prospectively evaluated in 661 subjects belonging to different groups, i.e. patients wi ...200817996913
immune serum produced by dna vaccination protects hamsters against lethal respiratory challenge with andes virus.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a highly pathogenic disease (40% case fatality rate) carried by rodents chronically infected with certain viruses within the genus hantavirus of the family bunyaviridae. the primary mode of transmission to humans is thought to be inhalation of excreta from infected rodents; however, ingestion of contaminated material and rodent bites are also possible modes of transmission. person-to-person transmission of hps caused by one species of hantavirus, andes viru ...200818032485
differential regulation of pathogens: the role of habitat disturbance in predicting prevalence of sin nombre virus.deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the primary reservoir for sin nombre virus (snv), a north american hantavirus that causes disease with high mortality in humans. recent studies have proposed that habitat disturbance affects prevalence of snv in deer mice; however, the outcomes proposed in these studies are in opposition to each other. our objectives were to test these divergent hypotheses by: (1) measuring snv infection in deer mice within a patchwork of disturbance; and (2) evaluating the ...200818064494
kinship, dispersal and hantavirus transmission in bank and common voles.hantaviruses are among the main emerging infectious agents in europe. their mode of transmission in natura is still not well known. in particular, social features and behaviours could be crucial for understanding the persistence and the spread of hantaviruses in rodent populations. here, we investigated the importance of kinclustering and dispersal in hantavirus transmission by combining a fine-scale spatiotemporal survey (4 km2) and a population genetics approach. two specific host-hantavirus s ...200818071626
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