Publications

phase i clinical evaluation of seasonal influenza hemagglutinin (ha) dna vaccine prime followed by trivalent influenza inactivated vaccine (iiv3) boost.	annual influenza vaccination reduces the risks of influenza when the vaccines are well matched to circulating strains, but development of an approach that induces broader and more durable immune responses would be beneficial. we conducted two companion phase 1 studies, vrc 307 and vrc 309, over sequential seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010) in which only the influenza b strain component of the vaccines differed. objectives were safety and immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination schedules. a sche ...	2015	26275339
retrospective public health impact of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the united states.	vaccination is an effective preventive strategy against influenza. however, current trivalent influenza vaccines (tivs) contain only one of the two influenza b lineages that circulate each year. vaccine mismatches are frequent because predicting which one will predominate is difficult. recently licensed quadrivalent influenza vaccines (qivs) containing the two b lineages should address this issue. our study estimates their impact by assessing what would have been the us public health benefit of ...	2015	26256294
an assessment of the expected cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccines in ontario, canada using a static model.	ontario, canada, immunizes against influenza using a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv3) under a universal influenza immunization program (uiip). the uiip offers iiv3 free-of-charge to all ontarians over 6 months of age. a newly approved quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv4) offers wider protection against influenza b disease. we explored the expected cost-utility and budget impact of replacing iiv3 with iiv4, within the context of ontario's uiip, using a probabilistic and ...	2015	26222538
non-inferiority of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines compared to trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines in healthy children: a phase iii randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.	the safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qivc) as compared with trivalent influenza vaccines (tiv1c/tiv2c) was evaluated in children aged ≥4 to <18 years.	2015	26585940
analytical sensitivity comparison between singleplex real-time pcr and a multiplex pcr platform for detecting respiratory viruses.	multiplex pcr methods are attractive to clinical laboratories wanting to broaden their detection of respiratory viral pathogens in clinical specimens. however, multiplexed assays must be well optimized to retain or improve upon the analytic sensitivity of their singleplex counterparts. in this experiment, the lower limit of detection (lod) of singleplex real-time pcr assays targeting respiratory viruses is compared to an equivalent panel on a multiplex pcr platform, the genmark esensor rvp. lods ...	2015	26569120
oseltamivir population pharmacokinetics in the ferret: model application for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study design.	the ferret is a suitable small animal model for preclinical evaluation of efficacy of antiviral drugs against various influenza strains, including highly pathogenic h5n1 viruses. rigorous pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (pk/pd) assessment of ferret data has not been conducted, perhaps due to insufficient information on oseltamivir pk. here, based on pk data from several studies on both uninfected and influenza-infected groups (i.e., with influenza a viruses of h5n1 and h3n2 subtypes and an inf ...	2015	26460484
rig-i signaling is essential for influenza b virus-induced rapid interferon gene expression.	influenza b virus causes annual epidemics and, along with influenza a virus, accounts for substantial disease and economic burden throughout the world. influenza b virus infects only humans and some marine mammals and is not responsible for pandemics, possibly due to a very low frequency of reassortment and a lower evolutionary rate than that of influenza a virus. influenza b virus has been less studied than influenza a virus, and thus, a comparison of influenza a and b virus infection mechanism ...	2015	26378160
immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a phase ii, open-label, uncontrolled trial in japan.	two antigenically distinct b strain lineages of influenza virus have co-circulated since the mid-1980s; however, inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines contain only one b lineage. the mismatch between the circulating and vaccine lineages has been a worldwide issue. in this study, an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qiv) candidate containing two b lineages was manufactured and its immunogenicity and safety evaluated in an open-label, uncontrolled trial. in this phase ii trial, 50 sub ...	2015	26272602
inter-seasonal influenza is characterized by extended virus transmission and persistence.	the factors that determine the characteristic seasonality of influenza remain enigmatic. current models predict that occurrences of influenza outside the normal surveillance season within a temperate region largely reflect the importation of viruses from the alternate hemisphere or from equatorial regions in asia. to help reveal the drivers of seasonality we investigated the origins and evolution of influenza viruses sampled during inter-seasonal periods in australia. to this end we conducted an ...	2015	26107631
dynamics of influenza seasonality at sub-regional levels in india and implications for vaccination timing.	influenza surveillance is an important tool to identify emerging/reemerging strains, and defining seasonality. we describe the distinct patterns of circulating strains of the virus in different areas in india from 2009 to 2013.	2015	25938466
respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections.	to define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients.	2015	25890989
comparison of the performance of 2 commercial multiplex pcr platforms for detection of respiratory viruses in upper and lower tract respiratory specimens.	the performance of the clart® pneumovir system with that of the luminex xtag rvp fast v1 assay for detection of most common respiratory viruses in upper and lower tract respiratory specimens (n=183) from unique patients with influenza-like syndrome or lower tract respiratory infection. nested pcr coupled to automated sequencing was used for resolution of discrepancies. fully concordant results were obtained for a total of 122 specimens, whereas 56 specimens gave partially (n=21) or fully discord ...	2015	25724853
early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness - united states, january 2015.	in the united states, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. each season since 2004-05, cdc has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing medically attended acute respiratory illness (ari) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. this season, early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness are possible because of widespread, early circulation of influenza viruses. by january 3, 2015, 46 states were expe ...	2015	25590680
influenza virus emitted by naturally-infected hosts in a healthcare setting.	the emergence of novel respiratory viruses such as avian influenza a(h7n9) virus and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) highlights the importance of understanding determinants of transmission to healthcare workers (hcws) and the public.	2015	26590688
molecular viral epidemiology and clinical characterization of acute febrile respiratory infections in hospitalized children in taiwan.	acute respiratory infection (ari) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in children. to profile the viruses causing ari in children admitted to a community-based hospital in central taiwan, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children under 14 years of age that were hospitalized with febrile ari. viral etiology was determined using conventional cell culture and a commercial respiratory virus panel fast assay (xtag rvp), capable of detecting 19 different respiratory viruses and ...	2015	26089293
volatile organic compounds generated by cultures of bacteria and viruses associated with respiratory infections.	respiratory infections (ri) can be viral or bacterial in origin. in either case, the invasion of the pathogen results in production and release of various volatile organic compounds (vocs). the present study examines the vocs released from cultures of five viruses (influenza a, influenza b, adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus and parainfluenza 1 virus), three bacteria (moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and legionella pneumophila) and mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated colonies. our r ...	2015	26033043
influenza vaccine effectiveness in the united states during 2012-2013: variable protection by age and virus type.	during the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza a(h3n2) and 2 influenza b lineage viruses in the united states.	2015	25406334
evaluation of epidemiological and clinical features of influenza and other respiratory viruses.	in our study, we aimed to clinically and epidemiologically evaluate respiratory tract infections the viral agents of which were detected by molecular methods and to compare influenza and other respiratory tract viruses in this context.	2015	26884691
ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins and anxiety, depression and stress-induced cortisol response in adolescents. the trails study.	ghrelin, a hunger hormone, has been implicated in the regulation of stress-response, anxiety and depression. ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins (ig) were recently identified in healthy and obese humans showing abilities to increase ghrelin's stability and orexigenic effects. here we studied if ghrelin-reactive ig are associated with anxiety and depression and with the stress-induced cortisol response in a general population of adolescents. furthermore, to test the possible infectious origin of ghr ...	2015	25562566
[clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia].	to evaluate the clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia (cap).	2015	25877241
influenza a(h3n2) outbreak at transit center at manas, kyrgyzstan, 2014.	in february 2014, the u.s. air force school of aerospace medicine epidemiology consult service provided support in response to a moderate outbreak of influenza at the transit center at manas (kyrgyzstan). a total of 215 individuals presented with influenza-like illness symptoms from 3 december 2013 through 28 february 2014. there were 85 specimens positive for influenza (18 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09, 65 influenza a(h3n2), one influenza a/not subtyped, and one influenza b); six specimens were positi ...	2015	25643090
genital ulcers: it is not always simplex ….	patients with vulval aphthae, also termed lipschütz ulcers, often present to genitourinary medicine clinics. typically, these ulcers present as acute, painful, vulval ulcers in young women and adolescents. the aetiology is unknown, and often these ulcers are accompanied by flu-like symptoms. previous case reports have linked such lesions to acute viral infections such as epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus and influenza a. we report the first case of influenza b virus and adenovirus infections a ...	2015	24970475
domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses.	influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ...	2015	25673727
performance of the alere i influenza a&b assay and maripoc test for the rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses.	timely detection of influenza viruses is required to facilitate infection control measures and appropriate patient management. the alere™ i influenza a&b assay for detection of viral rna and multianalyte maripoc(®) test for detection of viral antigens enable rapid detection of influenza viruses with little hands-on time.	2015	26305824
results of a pilot study using self-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among pregnant women.	we evaluated the feasibility of asking pregnant women to self-collect and ship respiratory specimens.	2015	25711978
the crystal structure of the pb2 cap-binding domain of influenza b virus reveals a novel cap recognition mechanism.	the influenza rna-dependent rna polymerase is a core enzyme required for both transcription and replication of the virus rna genome, making it a potential drug target for the influenza virus. to detect the feature of cap-dependent transcription of influenza b virus (flub) polymerase, we determined the crystal structures of the wild-type flub polymerase pb2 subunit cap-binding domain (pb2cap) with bound gdp and the mutant flub q325f pb2cap with bound m(7)gdp or gdp. these structures revealed that ...	2015	25691568
the bm2 protein of influenza b virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities.	the influenza virus integral membrane proteins bm2 (m2 of influenza b virus) and a/m2 (m2 of influenza a virus) functions as an ion channel, important for virus uncoating in endosomes of virus-infected cells and essential for viral replication. m2 ion channel activity is also required to stimulate nlrp3 inflammasome activation by perturbing ionic concentrations in the golgi. in the present study, we have investigated further the interaction between bm2 and p53 to confirm our previous studies usi ...	2015	25670017
plastic bronchitis associated with influenza virus infection in children: a report on 14 cases.	plastic bronchitis (pb) is a rare disease characterized by formation of bronchial casts. it is usually associated with congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, lymphoma, and lung diseases such as asthma and pneumonia.	2015	25639552
antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza b viruses in 2012 from slums, dhaka, bangladesh.	nasal and throat swab samples were collected from 400 subjects with influenza-like illness during june to september, 2012 from two heavily crowded slums, rayerbazar and hazaribagh, situated southeast of dhaka, bangladesh. forty-one samples were positive for influenza b virus using quantitative rt-pcr, but no influenza a virus was detected. antigenic characterization revealed that the influenza b viruses were of yamagata and victoria lineages, which was confirmed from genetic analysis of hemagglu ...	2015	26867380
ferret airway epithelial cell cultures support efficient replication of influenza b virus but not mumps virus.	ferrets have become the model animal of choice for influenza pathology and transmission experiments as they are permissive and susceptible to human influenza a viruses. however, inoculation of ferrets with mumps virus (muv) did not lead to successful infections. we evaluated the use of highly differentiated ferret tracheal epithelium cell cultures, fte, for predicting the potential of ferrets to support respiratory viral infections. fte cultures supported productive replication of human influenz ...	2015	25953915
influenza viruses with b/yamagata- and b/victoria-like neuraminidases are differentially affected by mutations that alter antiviral susceptibility.	the burden of disease due to influenza b is often underestimated. clinical studies have shown that oseltamivir, a widely used neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) antiviral drug, may have reduced effectiveness against influenza b viruses. therefore, it is important to study the effect of neuraminidase mutations in influenza b viruses that may further reduce nai susceptibility, and to determine whether these mutations have the same effect in the two lineages of influenza b viruses that are currently cir ...	2015	25786478
vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant neuraminidase induces broad heterologous, but not heterosubtypic, cross-protection against influenza virus infection in mice.	in an attempt to assess the cross-protective potential of the influenza virus neuraminidase (na) as a vaccine antigen, different subtypes of recombinant na were expressed in a baculovirus system and used to vaccinate mice prior to lethal challenge with homologous, heterologous, or heterosubtypic viruses. mice immunized with na of subtype n2 were completely protected from morbidity and mortality in a homologous challenge and displayed significantly reduced viral lung titers. heterologous challeng ...	2015	25759506
[burden of influenza virus type b and mismatch with the flu vaccine in spain].	since the 80s two lineages of type b viruses are co - circulating in the world. antigenic differences between them are important and it leads to lack of cross-reactivity. the impact on the burden of disease due to influenza b virus, poor foresight in estimating which of the two lineages of b viruses circulate in the season, and the consequent lack of immunity in case of including the wrong strain make that the availability of the quadrivalent vaccine is very useful. the aim of this paper is to a ...	2015	25690144
prospective comparison of rt-pcr/esi-ms to prodesse proflu plus and cepheid genxpert for the detection of influenza a and b viruses.	rt-pcr/esi-ms has previously demonstrated the capability to detect and identify respiratory viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs. this study expands on previous research by performing a prospective evaluation of rt-pcr/esi-ms to detect and identify influenza a and b viruses compared to prodesse proflu plus and combined proflu plus and cepheid xpert flu. proflu plus was also used as a gold standard for comparison for respiratory syncytial virus detection. using proflu plus as a gold standard, ...	2015	25681525
competitive fitness of influenza b viruses with neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant substitutions in a coinfection model of the human airway epithelium.	influenza a and b viruses are human pathogens that are regarded to cause almost equally significant disease burdens. neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the only class of drugs available to treat influenza a and b virus infections, so the development of nai-resistant viruses with superior fitness is a public health concern. the fitness of nai-resistant influenza b viruses has not been widely studied. here we examined the replicative capacity and relative fitness in normal human bronchial ep ...	2015	25673705
evaluation of a new, rapid, simple test for the detection of influenza virus.	influenza virus infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is necessary for appropriate patient management during the influenza season and for optimal utilization of anti-influenza therapy. we prospectively tested the accuracy of a simple and rapid diagnostic method.	2015	25656393
age-specific differences in influenza virus type and subtype distribution in the 2012/2013 season in 12 european countries.	the epidemiology of seasonal influenza is influenced by age. during the influenza season, the european influenza surveillance network (eisn) reports weekly virological and syndromic surveillance data [mostly influenza-like illness (ili)] based on national networks of sentinel primary-care providers. aggregated numbers by age group are available for ili, but not linked to the virological data. at the end of the influenza season 2012/2013, all eisn laboratories were invited to submit a subset of t ...	2015	25648399
molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses of influenza b virus in thailand during 2010 to 2014.	influenza b virus remains a major contributor to the seasonal influenza outbreak and its prevalence has increased worldwide. we investigated the epidemiology and analyzed the full genome sequences of influenza b virus strains in thailand between 2010 and 2014. samples from the upper respiratory tract were collected from patients diagnosed with influenza like-illness. all samples were screened for influenza a/b viruses by one-step multiplex real-time rt-pcr. the whole genome of 53 influenza b iso ...	2015	25602617
the contrasting phylodynamics of human influenza b viruses.	a complex interplay of viral, host, and ecological factors shapes the spatio-temporal incidence and evolution of human influenza viruses. although considerable attention has been paid to influenza a viruses, a lack of equivalent data means that an integrated evolutionary and epidemiological framework has until now not been available for influenza b viruses, despite their significant disease burden. through the analysis of over 900 full genomes from an epidemiological collection of more than 26,0 ...	2015	25594904
molecular characterization of influenza b virus outbreak on a cruise ship in brazil 2012.	in february 2012, an outbreak of respiratory illness occurred on the cruise ship msc armonia in brazil. a 31-year-old female crew member was hospitalized with respiratory failure and subsequently died. to study the etiology of the respiratory illness, tissue taken at necropsy from the deceased woman and respiratory specimens from thirteen passengers and crew members with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. influenza real-time rt-pcr assays were performed, and the full-length hemagglutinin (ha) g ...	2015	24878994
assessment of the antiviral properties of recombinant surfactant protein d against influenza b virus in vitro.	the armamentarium of antiviral drugs against influenza viruses is limited. furthermore, influenza viruses emerge that are resistant to existing antiviral drugs like the m2 and na inhibitors. therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antiviral drugs. here we investigated the antiviral properties of recombinant porcine surfactant protein d (rpsp-d), an innate defense molecule with lectin properties, against influenza b viruses. we have previously shown that porcine ...	2015	25200748
influenza vaccines to control influenza-associated bacterial infection: where do we stand?	influenza a virus is a pathogen that is feared for its capacity to cause pandemics. in this review, we illustrate the clinical evidence which support the theory that bacterial co-infection is a considerable risk factor for exacerbated disease during pandemic and seasonal influenza, including infection with influenza b viruses. we provide an overview of the multiple and diverse mechanisms that help explain how influenza creates an opportunity for replication of secondary bacterial infections. inf ...	2015	25209381
comparison of xtag respiratory virus panel and verigene respiratory virus plus for detecting influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus.	nucleic acid amplification tests have allowed simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses.	2015	24796703
evolution of influenza b virus in kuala lumpur, malaysia, between 1995 and 2008.	influenza b virus causes significant disease but remains understudied in tropical regions. we sequenced 72 influenza b viruses collected in kuala lumpur, malaysia, from 1995 to 2008. the predominant circulating lineage (victoria or yamagata) changed every 1 to 3 years, and these shifts were associated with increased incidence of influenza b. we also found poor lineage matches with recommended influenza virus vaccine strains. while most influenza b virus lineages in malaysia were short-lived, one ...	2015	26136576
detection of influenza b lineages from 2001 to 2013 in a tertiary hospital in the city of são paulo, brazil.	two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza b viruses, the victoria-like and yamagata-like strains, currently circulate among humans. surveillance from united states of america and europe over the last 10 years showed that the chance of a correct matching between vaccine and the circulating lineage had been 50%. we investigated influenza b infection in different patient groups (asymptomatic, general community, with comorbidities and hospitalised) attended at a tertiary hospital in the city ...	2015	26132429
acute kidney injury following plastic bronchitis associated with influenza b virus in a child with nephrotic syndrome.	plastic bronchitis is a rare but life-threatening disorder and is usually associated with congenital heart disease or pulmonary disease.	2015	26121733
severe respiratory failure associated with influenza b virus infection.	a 72-year-old man who had been diagnosed with type b influenza infection and high fever 4 days previously was admitted to our hospital. he presented with severe respiratory insufficiency; chest computed tomography (ct) revealed extensive ground-glass opacity in lung fields on both sides. although peramivir and antibiotics were administered, reticular shadows on chest ct worsened and respiratory insufficiency deteriorated. the patient fulfilled the criteria for severe acute respiratory distress s ...	2015	26090113
the functional study of the n-terminal region of influenza b virus nucleoprotein.	influenza nucleoprotein (np) is a major component of the ribonucleoprotein (vrnp) in influenza virus, which functions for the transcription and replication of viral genome. compared to the nucleoprotein of influenza a (anp), the n-terminal region of influenza b nucleoprotein (bnp) is much extended. by virus reconstitution, we found that the first 38 residues are essential for viral growth. we further illustrated the function of bnp by mini-genome reconstitution, fluorescence microscopy, electron ...	2015	26368391
influenza b viruses: not to be discounted.	in contrast to influenza a viruses, which have been investigated extensively, influenza b viruses have attracted relatively little attention. however, influenza b viruses are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population and full understanding of their biological and epidemiological properties is imperative to better control this important pathogen. however, some of its characteristics are still elusive and warrant investigation. here, we review evolution, epidemiology, p ...	2015	26357957
addison's disease in a patient with hypothyroidism: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.	a 57-year-old caucasian woman with known autoimmune hypothyroidism diagnosed in 2006 presented to hospital with flu-like symptoms and circulatory collapse. she reported weight loss and gradual increase in her skin pigmentation over a 1-year period. aggressive fluid resuscitation was instituted. hormonal tests showed primary adrenal insufficiency. appropriate steroid replacement was started with rapid clinical response. subsequent antibody tests confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune polyglandular ...	2015	26240101
a genetically adjuvanted influenza b virus vector increases immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice.	the existence of multiple antigenically distinct types and subtypes of influenza viruses allows the construction of a multivalent vector system for the mucosal delivery of foreign sequences. influenza a viruses have been exploited successfully for the expression of extraneous antigens as well as immunostimulatory molecules. in this study, we describe the development of an influenza b virus vector whose functional part of the interferon antagonist ns1 was replaced by human interleukin 2 (il2) as ...	2015	26215439
fatal fulminant pneumonia caused by methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus negative for major high-virulence factors following influenza b virus infection.	increasing evidence has indicated that staphylococcus aureus pneumonia complicated with influenza virus infection is often fatal. in these cases, disease severity is typically determined by susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the presence of high-virulence factors that are produced by staphylococcus aureus, such as panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl).	2015	26171835
mouse adaptation of influenza b virus increases replication in the upper respiratory tract and results in droplet transmissibility in ferrets.	to investigate the molecular changes that allow influenza b viruses to adapt to new mammalian hosts, influenza b/florida/04/2006 was serially passaged in balb/c mice until highly virulent. the viral factors underlying this transition were then investigated in mice and ferrets. five viruses, including the wild-type virus (p0), three intermediate viruses (p5, p9, and p12), and a lethal mouse-adapted virus (p17 (ma)), harbored one to five amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin, m, np, and pa ...	2015	26526113
[effect of deletion of the carboxyl terminal of the ns1 protein on pathogenicity of the influenza b virus].	to analyze the molecular basis of the variation of the pathogenicity of the influenza b virus, we rescued a recombinant virus with a deletion in the carboxyl terminal of the ns1 protein using reverse genetics based on the parental virus b-s9 of b/yamagata/16/88. a mutant strain with a deletion of 171 amino acids in the carboxyl terminal of the ns1 protein was named "b-l5". balb/c mice were inoculated with 3 x 105 eid50 of b-l5 and the parental virus b-s9, respectively. then, weight changes, surv ...	2015	26524913
influenza b viruses in the population of province of vojvodina during the 2012/2013 season: differentiation of b/yamagata and b/victoria lineages by real-time rt-pcr, antigenic and phylogenetic characterization.	at present, two phylogenetically distinct influenza b virus lineages, b/yamagata and b/ victoria, co-circulate worldwide and can cause significant morbidity and mortality.	2015	26506753
cold adaptation generates mutations associated with the growth of influenza b vaccine viruses.	seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines are usually trivalent or quadrivalent and are prepared from accredited seed viruses. yields of influenza a seed viruses can be enhanced by gene reassortment with high-yielding donor strains, but similar approaches for influenza b seed viruses have been largely unsuccessful. for vaccine manufacture influenza b seed viruses are usually adapted for high-growth by serial passage. influenza b antigen yields so obtained are often unpredictable and selection of i ...	2015	26407922
replication-competent influenza b reporter viruses as tools for screening antivirals and antibodies.	influenza b virus is a human pathogen responsible for significant health and economic burden. research into this pathogen has been limited by the lack of reporter viruses. here we describe the development of both a replication-competent fluorescent influenza b reporter virus and bioluminescent influenza b reporter virus. furthermore, we demonstrate these reporter viruses can be used to quickly monitor viral growth and permit the rapid screening of antiviral compounds and neutralizing antibodies.	2015	26401044
comparative epidemiology of influenza b yamagata- and victoria-lineage viruses in households.	influenza b viruses split into 2 distinct lineages in the early 1980s, commonly named the victoria and yamagata lineages. there are few data on the comparative epidemiology of victoria- and yamagata-lineage viruses. in 2007-2011, we enrolled 75 and 34 households containing index patients with acute respiratory illness who tested positive for yamagata- and victoria-lineage viruses, respectively, from outpatient clinics in hong kong, china. these index patients and their household contacts were fo ...	2015	26400854
epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of influenza b infection in severe acute respiratory infection cases in beijing, 2014 to 2015.	influenza b viral infection is of great importance, but the epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics of influenza b infection in severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases are still unclear.the clinical information of 2816 sari cases and 467,737 influenza-like illness (ili) cases in beijing area from september 2014 to april 2015 were collected and analyzed. among them, 91 influenza b viruses isolated from sari cases were sequenced.the overall yield rate of influenza a/b infection wa ...	2015	26717393
need for an improved vaccination rate in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients exposed to rituximab or splenectomy. a nationwide population-based study in france.	international guidelines on immune thrombocytopenia (itp) management recommend vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae (s.p.), haemophilus influenza b (hib) and neisseiria meningitidis (n.m.) before splenectomy. french guidelines also recommend these vaccinations before rituximab. the aim of this study was to assess the application of these recommendations. the french adult itp: a french pharmacoepidemiological study (faith, n°encepp 4574) is aimed at following in the french national health ...	2015	25557586
respiratory viruses in airline travellers with influenza symptoms: results of an airport screening study.	there is very little known about the prevalence and distribution of respiratory viruses, other than influenza, in international air travellers and whether symptom screening would aid in the prediction of which travellers are more likely to be infected with specific respiratory viruses.	2015	25959149
human rhinovirus c infections in pediatric hematology and oncology patients.	children with cancer and hsct recipients are at high risk for common viral infections. we sought to define the viral etiology of ari and identify risk factors. nasal wash samples were collected from pediatric hematology-oncology patients and hsct recipients with ari during the 2003-2005 winter seasons. real-time rt-pcr was performed to detect flu a, influenza b, rsv, piv 1-3, human mpv, and hrv. hrv specimens were sequenced and genotyped. seventy-eight samples from 62 children were included. vir ...	2015	25377237
development of high yield reassortants for influenza type b viruses and analysis of their gene compositions.	a critical step in producing the annual inactivated influenza vaccine is the development of high yield (hy) seed viruses by reassortment for improved growth in ovo. although hy reassortants for type a influenza viruses have been developed for many years, hy b influenza reassortant virus development for vaccine production has proven difficult. in this study, we have developed fourteen hy influenza type b reassortants as vaccine candidate strains with b/lee/40 as the donor virus. upon characteriza ...	2015	25545595
prospective and retrospective evaluation of the cepheid xpert® flu/rsv xc assay for rapid detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus.	a total of 281 clinical specimens (nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates) were tested with the xpert® flu/rsv xc. the results were compared to those obtained with the real-time retro transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays routinely used in our laboratory. the xpert® flu/rsv xc showed sensitivity/specificity of 97.8%/100% and 97.9%/100% for flu and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively.	2015	25662018
many respiratory viruses have temporal association with meningococcal disease.	previous ecological studies have shown a temporal and spatial association between influenza epidemics and meningococcal disease (mng); however, none have examined more than two respiratory viruses.	2015	25456529
the enigma ml fluab-rsv assay: a fully automated molecular test for the rapid detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens.	the enigma(®) ml fluab-rsv assay (enigma diagnostics, porton down, salisbury, uk) is a ce-ivd marked multiplex molecular panel for the detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. the assay runs on the fully automated enigma ml platform without further specimen manipulation and provides a sample-to-answer result within 95 min. the reported sensitivity and specificity for influenza a are 100% (95% ci: 98.2-100) and 98.3% (95% ci: 95.5-99.4), respectively, ...	2015	25399865
characterization of acute respiratory infections among 340 infants in wuxi, jiangsu province.	to investigate the etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections among children in wuxi, jiangsu province.	2015	26605310
immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine administered intramuscularly to children 6 to 35 months of age in 2012-2013: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter, multicountry, clinical trial.	influenza attack rates are high in 6- to 35-month-old children; vaccines containing both lineages of influenza b (yamagata and victoria), in addition to the h3n2 and h1n1 antigens, may improve protection rates.	2015	26336604
effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children estimated by a test-negative case-control design study based on influenza rapid diagnostic test results.	we assessed vaccine effectiveness (ve) against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6 months to 15 years of age in 22 hospitals in japan during the 2013-14 season. our study was conducted according to a test-negative case-control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test (irdt) results. outpatients who came to our clinics with a fever of 38 °c or over and had undergone an irdt were enrolled in this study. patients with positive irdt results were recorded as cases, ...	2015	26317334
influenza vaccination during the first 6 months after solid organ transplantation is efficacious and safe.	preventing influenza infection early after transplantation is essential, given the disease's high mortality. a multicentre prospective cohort study in adult solid organ transplant recipients (sotr) receiving the influenza vaccine during four consecutive influenza seasons (2009-2013) was performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccination in sotr before and 6 months after transplantation. a total of 798 sotr, 130 of them vaccinated within 6 months of transplantation and 668 ...	2015	26232537
randomized evaluation of live attenuated vs. inactivated influenza vaccines in schools (relatives) cluster randomized trial: pilot results from a household surveillance study to assess direct and indirect protection from influenza vaccination.	children are key drivers of influenza transmission. vaccinating school age children decreases influenza in the community.	2015	26232348
forecasting influenza epidemics in hong kong.	recent advances in mathematical modeling and inference methodologies have enabled development of systems capable of forecasting seasonal influenza epidemics in temperate regions in real-time. however, in subtropical and tropical regions, influenza epidemics can occur throughout the year, making routine forecast of influenza more challenging. here we develop and report forecast systems that are able to predict irregular non-seasonal influenza epidemics, using either the ensemble adjustment kalman ...	2015	26226185
age and sex differences in rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations in hong kong.	few studies have explored age and sex differences in the disease burden of influenza, although men and women probably differ in their susceptibility to influenza infections. in this study, quasi-poisson regression models were applied to weekly age- and sex-specific hospitalization numbers of pneumonia and influenza cases in the hong kong sar, people's republic of china, from 2004 to 2010. age and sex differences were assessed by age- and sex-specific rates of excess hospitalization for influenza ...	2015	26219977
influenza activity in thailand and occurrence in different climates.	this study observed influenza activity between june 2009 and july 2014 in thailand, a country in the northern hemisphere with a tropical climate, and compared the results to activity in the united states (us) and australia, which represent temperate climates in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. from thailand, a total of 17,416 specimens were collected from patients exhibiting influenza-like illnesses and subjected to real-time pcr for the detection of influenza viruses. for co ...	2015	26191483
comparative burden of influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2 and b infections in children treated as outpatients.	few studies have directly compared the clinical impact of different types and subtypes of influenza viruses in children.	2015	26181897
on the relative role of different age groups in influenza epidemics.	the identification of key "driver" groups in influenza epidemics is of much interest for the implementation of effective public health response strategies, including vaccination programs. however, the relative importance of different age groups in propagating epidemics is uncertain. during a communicable disease outbreak, some groups may be disproportionately represented during the outbreak's ascent due to increased susceptibility and/or contact rates. such groups or subpopulations can be identi ...	2015	26097505
comparison of diagnostic test performance in a population of high risk young adults versus a general population presenting with influenza.	upper respiratory tract infection (uri) is a well-documented cause of morbidity, extra expense and lost training time among basic military trainees (bmts).	2015	26071335
factors associated with maintenance of antibody responses to influenza vaccine in older, community-dwelling adults.	little is known about factors associated with maintenance of hemagglutinin inhibition (hai) antibodies after influenza vaccination in older adults.	2015	25903659
characterizing the epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of influenza in china's first severe acute respiratory infection sentinel surveillance system, february 2011-october 2013.	after the 2009 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic, china established its first severe acute respiratory infections (sari) sentinel surveillance system.	2015	25885096
long term effectiveness of adjuvanted influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine in children.	immunological studies have indicated that the effectiveness of as03 adjuvanted monovalent influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine (pandemrix) may be of longer duration than what is seen for non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines. sixty-nine percent of children 6 months-18 years of age in stockholm county received at least one dose of pandemrix during the 2009 pandemic. we studied the effectiveness of the vaccine during the influenza seasons 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 in children hospitalized with virolo ...	2015	25869891
immunogenicity of virosomal adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccination in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.	influenza vaccination is generally recommended to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. however, the seasonal subunit vaccination response is frequently suboptimal, and alternate more efficient vaccination systems must be examined. we compared the immunogenicity of an adjuvanted virosomal influenza and subunit vaccine in hsct recipients.	2015	25817044
comparison of immune response to the influenza vaccine in obese and nonobese healthcare workers.	to determine whether there is a difference in antibody titers and functionality after receipt of the influenza vaccine for obese versus nonobese healthcare workers (hcw).	2015	25695164
randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities.	despite vaccination, residents of long-term-care facilities (ltcfs) remain at high risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. more-effective vaccine options for this population are needed.	2015	25525051
antibody and cell-mediated immune response to whole virion and split virion influenza vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on maintenance immunosuppressive and biological therapy.	influenza vaccination is recommended for inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients on immunosuppressive therapy. the objective was to evaluate the antibody and cell-mediated immune response to the split and whole virion influenza vaccine in patients with ibd treated with anti-tnf-α and immunosuppressive therapy.	2015	25384624
live attenuated influenza vaccine.	cold-adapted ann arbor based live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) has been available in the usa since 2003. the vaccine is efficacious against influenza infection. features of laiv include: easy administration suitable for mass immunization, cross-reactivity to drifted strains for broader coverage, and establishment of herd immunity for control of influenza spread. annual seasonal laiv now contains four strains against influenza a h1n1, h3n2, influenza b-victoria, and b-yamagata lineages tha ...	2015	25059893
influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in one hospital in medellin, colombia. 2007-2012.	the city of medellin in colombia has almost no documentation of the causes of acute respiratory infections (aris). as part of an ongoing collaboration, we conducted an epidemiologic surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses. it described the influenza strains that were circulating in the region along with their distribution over time, and performing molecular characterization to some of those strains. this will contribute to the knowledge of local and national epidemiology.	2015	25100179
effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the united kingdom: 2014/15 end of season results.	the 2014/15 influenza season in the united kingdom (uk) was characterised by circulation of predominantly antigenically and genetically drifted influenza a(h3n2) and b viruses. a universal paediatric influenza vaccination programme using a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) has recently been introduced in the uk. this study aims to measure the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve), including for laiv, using the test negative case-control design. the overall adjust ...	2015	26535911
influenza activity - united states, 2014-15 season and composition of the 2015-16 influenza vaccine.	during the 2014-15 influenza season in the united states, influenza activity increased through late november and december before peaking in late december. influenza a (h3n2) viruses predominated, and the prevalence of influenza b viruses increased late in the season. this influenza season, similar to previous influenza a (h3n2)-predominant seasons, was moderately severe with overall high levels of outpatient illness and influenza-associated hospitalization, especially for adults aged ≥65 years. ...	2015	26042650
[socio-economic impact of influenza in children:a single-centered hospital study in shanghai].	to monitor the epidemic pattern of influenza in children during the 2011-2012 season in shanghai and to evaluate the socioeconomic burden of influenza in children.	2015	25876860
evaluation of safety and efficacy of intravenous zanamivir in the treatment of hospitalized japanese patients with influenza: an open-label, single-arm study.	zanamivir is a neuraminidase (na) inhibitor used for the treatment of influenza. there is an unmet need for a parenteral influenza antiviral therapy to treat hospitalized patients. therefore the safety and efficacy profile of intravenous zanamivir (ivz) was examined in japanese patients with severe influenza.	2015	25470818
detection of varying influenza circulation within england in 2012/13: informing antiviral prescription and public health response.	subnational variation of 2009 pandemic influenza activity in england has been reported; however, little work has been published on this topic for seasonal influenza. if variation is present, this knowledge may assist with both identifying the onset of influenza epidemics, informing community antiviral prescription and local health planning.	2015	25096307
epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza b viruses in malaysia, 2012-2014.	epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza b victoria and yamagata lineages remained poorly understood in the tropical southeast asia region, despite causing seasonal outbreaks worldwide. from 2012-2014, nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from outpatients experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in kuala lumpur, malaysia, were screened for influenza viruses using a multiplex rt-pcr assay. among 2,010/3,935 (51.1%) patients infected with at least one respirator ...	2015	26313754
usage of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among children in the united states, 2013-14.	annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥ 6 months in the u.s. during the 2013-14 influenza season, in addition to trivalent influenza vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines were available, protecting against two influenza a and two influenza b viruses. we analyzed 1,976,443 immunization records from six sentinel sites to compare influenza vaccine usage among children age 6 months-18 years. a total of 983,401 (49.8%) influenza vaccine doses administered were trivalent and 920,333 (46.6 ...	2015	26296494
ten influenza seasons in france: distribution and timing of influenza a and b circulation, 2003-2013.	describing the circulation of influenza viruses and the characteristics of seasonal epidemics remains an essential tool to optimize the strategies of influenza prevention and control. special attention has been recently paid to influenza b in the context of the availability of a quadrivalent vaccine, containing two influenza b strains.	2015	26289794
should clinical case definitions of influenza in hospitalized older adults include fever?	influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. fever is included in all standard definitions of influenza-like illness (ili), yet older patients may have diminished febrile response to infection. therefore, we examined the utility of various thresholds to define fever for case definitions of influenza in persons ≥ 65 years of age.	2015	26256292
epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza b: results of the global influenza b study.	literature on influenza focuses on influenza a, despite influenza b having a large public health impact. the global influenza b study aims to collect information on global epidemiology and burden of disease of influenza b since 2000.	2015	26256290
neuraminidase mutations conferring resistance to laninamivir lead to faster drug binding and dissociation.	the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir are administered twice daily for 5days for treatment of influenza. laninamivir is a 7-methoxy derivative of zanamivir, but a single dose is effective when taken as the laninamivir octanoate prodrug. we show here in ic50 kinetics assays and a solid phase reactivation assay that compared to zanamivir laninamivir also demonstrates slow binding to but slower dissociation from multiple wild type nas. a d197e mutation in an influenza b and an ...	2015	25499124
influenza viral load and peramivir kinetics after single administration and proposal of regimens for peramivir administration against resistant variants.	we estimated the efficacy of the current single administration of peramivir on the basis of peramivir pharmacokinetics in the upper respiratory tract (urt) and determined the predictive peramivir concentration-time curve to assess its efficacy against viruses with decreased susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors. serum, nasal swab, or aspiration samples were collected from 28 patients treated with 10 mg/kg body weight peramivir. the sequential influenza viral rna load and susceptibility afte ...	2015	25547357
clinical manifestations of influenza a and b in children and adults at a tertiary hospital in korea during the 2011-2012 season.	this study aims to evaluate and compare the epidemiological patterns and clinical courses of influenza a and b among children and adults. for this purpose, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 809 children and 271 adolescents/adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza between october 2011 and may 2012 at a tertiary-care hospital. children with influenza b presented with high fever (body temperature >39℃), sputum production, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and myalgia more frequently tha ...	2015	25420662
evaluation of the sofia influenza a + b fluorescent immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b.	rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) can facilitate the appropriate prescription of antivirals for influenza, obviate the need for unnecessary testing and antibacterial agents and allow the implementation of infection control measures. however, the reported sensitivities and specificities of different ridts vary widely in clinical settings, as does assay ability to distinguish between influenza types and subtypes. to evaluate the performance of the sofia influenza a + b fluorescent immunoass ...	2015	24838873