Publications

transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by ixodes spinipalpis ticks: evidence of an enzootic cycle of dual infection with borrelia burgdorferi in northern colorado.	previous work described an enzootic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (hereafter referred to as b. burgdorferi) maintained by the rodent neotoma mexicana and the tick ixodes spinipalpis in northern colorado. we investigated the incidence of coinfection among rodents with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aohge). aohge was detected in 23.5% of 119 rodent spleens examined. biopsy results indicated that 78 (65.5%) of the 119 rodents were positive for b. burgdorferi, whereas 22 (7 ...	2000	10915099
experimental infection model for sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoir hosts is not well understood. we successfully passaged a mouse-adapted strain of sin nombre virus from deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) by i.m. inoculation of 4- to 6-wk-old deer mouse pups. after inoculation with 5 id(50), antibodies to the nucleocapsid (n) antigen first became detectable at 14 d whereas neutralizing antibodies were detectable by 7 d. viral n antigen first began to appear in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and/or kidney by ...	2000	10973478
microsatellite markers for the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus.		2000	11050566
sex differences in conditioned taste aversion and in the effects of exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus.	although conditioned taste aversion (cta) has been investigated and described in laboratory rodents and domestic animals, less is known regarding wild rodents. here, we describe cta in males and females of a "wild" species of rodent, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). in addition, as cta has often been induced by exposure to intense electromagnetic, x or gamma, radiation, in a second study, we also investigated the effects of a specifically designed, pulsed extremely low-frequency and low- ...	2000	11150555
a comparative study of mammalian and reptilian alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the potential bactericidal activity of the alternative complement pathway of mammalian and reptilian sera to borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) was evaluated in vitro. complement-mediated killing was observed when cultured spirochetes were inoculated into sera from the western fence lizard (sceloporus occidentalis) and from the southern alligator lizard (elgaria multicarinata), but not when they were inoculated into serum from either the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) or from humans. ...	2000	11191895
arenavirus antibody in rodents indigenous to coastal southern california.	the purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge on the geographic and natural rodent host ranges of new world arenaviruses in california. sera from 1,094 sigmodontine and 112 murine rodents were tested for antibody against whitewater arroyo and amapari viruses. antibody was found in 55 (4.6%) of the 1,206 rodents: 4 from northwestern san diego county, 3 from los angeles county, and 48 from orange county. the antibody-positive rodents included 8 (7.8%) of 103 neotoma fuscipes, 1 (0.6%) of 1 ...	2000	11289675
the incubation period of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	in 1993 sin nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. surveillance by the centers for disease control and prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. as of december 31, 1998, there were 200 ...	2000	11304061
hantavirus (bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from orange and san diego counties, california.	during a screening program to determine the extent of hantavirus activity in orange and san diego counties, california, serum samples from 2,365 rodents representing nine genera and 15 species were tested for hantavirus antibodies. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on selected seropositive rodents was used to identify the specific hantavirus. rodents positive for sin nombre virus (snv) antibodies by western blot included 86 (9.1%) of 948 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), four ( ...	1999	9988327
genetic diversity and distribution of peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in north america.	the 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states was associated with sin nombre virus, a rodent-borne hantavirus; the virus' primary reservoir is the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). hantavirus-infected rodents were identified in various regions of north america. an extensive nucleotide sequence database of an 139 bp fragment amplified from virus m genomic segments was generated. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that snv-like hantaviruses are widely d ...	1999	10081674
natural history of sin nombre virus in western colorado.	a mark-recapture longitudinal study of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to sin nombre virus (snv) in rodent populations in western colorado (1994-results summarized to october 1997) indicates the presence of snv or a closely related hantavirus at two sites. most rodents (principally deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, and pinyon mice, p. truei) did not persist on the trapping webs much beyond 1 month after first capture. some persisted more than 1 year, which suggests that even a few infected deer ...	1999	10081680
endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations.	this paper describes the results of 5 years of research on interactive effects of mixtures of aldicarb, atrazine, and nitrate on endocrine, immune, and nervous system function. the concentrations of chemicals used were the same order of magnitude as current maximum contaminant levels (mcls) for all three compounds. such levels occur in groundwater across the united states. dosing was through voluntary consumption of drinking water. we used fractional and full factorial designs with center replic ...	1999	10188196
relationships of deer mouse movement, vegetative structure, and prevalence of infection with sin nombre virus.	the effects of vegetative structure on movement of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were examined in two distinct vegetation associations, one near hesperus and the other near molina in western colorado (usa) from june-october 1994 to october 1998. we monitored movement by live-trapping small mammals within gambel's oak/mixed-grass (hesperus) and sage brush/juniper (molina) vegetation types. vegetative structure differed between the sites with molina having more cover provided by shrubs and he ...	1999	10231758
mus and peromyscus chromosome homology established by fish with three mouse paint probes.	fluorescence-labeled dna probes constructed from three whole house mouse (mus domesticus) chromosomes were hybridized to metaphase spreads from deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) to identify homologies between the species. mus chr 7 probe hybridized strongly to the ad-centromeric two-thirds of peromyscus chr 1q. most of mus 3 probe hybridized principally to two disjunct segments of peromyscus chr 3. mus chr 9 probe hybridized entirely to the whole peromyscus chr 7. three peromyscus linkage grou ...	1999	10384049
update: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1999.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a rodentborne viral disease characterized by severe pulmonary illness and a case-fatality ratio of 43%. sin nombre virus is the primary hantavirus that causes hps in the united states, and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is its predominant carrier. cdc-sponsored studies of rodent populations since 1994 have yielded data that suggest an increased risk for infection for humans in some areas of the southwestern united states during the summer of 1999. ...	1999	10401910
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from neotoma fuscipes, peromyscus maniculatus, peromyscus boylii, and ixodes pacificus in oregon.	the number of lyme disease cases in oregon has increased in recent years despite the fact that the pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi, has never been isolated in the state. rodent and tick surveys were undertaken in 1997 to isolate and characterize strains of b. burgdorferi from oregon and to identify potential reservoirs and vectors of lyme disease. borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from neotoma fuscipes, peromyscus maniculatus, p. boylii, and ixodes pacificus. both n. fuscipes and p. maniculatus w ...	1999	10466976
modulation of endocrine pathways by 4,4'-dde in the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus.	4,4'-ddt and 4,4'-dde are widespread environmental contaminants that cause eggshell thinning in birds, altered sex ratios in the american alligator, and changes in the anal-genital distance in rodents. these contaminants are known to cause some of their toxicity by altering steroid receptor-mediated mechanisms. however, chemical-specific alterations in the expression of hormone-metabolizing enzymes may also be a mechanism for endocrine disruption, by altering the half-life of hormones in critica ...	1999	10492900
temporal and spatial analysis of sin nombre virus quasispecies in naturally infected rodents.	sin nombre virus (snv) is thought to establish a persistent infection in its natural reservoir, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), despite a strong host immune response. snv-specific neutralizing antibodies were routinely detected in deer mice which maintained virus rna in the blood and lungs. to determine whether viral diversity played a role in snv persistence and immune escape in deer mice, we measured the prevalence of virus quasispecies in infected rodents over time in a natural setti ...	1999	10516063
effects of morphine on electrically evoked contractions of the vas deferens in two congeneric rodent species differing in sperm competition intensity.	an early prediction of sperm competition theory was that males should adjust the number of sperm they deliver according to the risk of double mating and this has received empirical support in recent years. it has been suggested that adaptive regulation of sperm delivery in mammals may depend on changes in vas deferens contractility. in laboratory mice, the vas deferens is sensitive to opioid agonists and the secretion of endogenous opioid peptides can be affected by social interactions that may ...	1999	10518324
cross-transmission studies with eimeria arizonensis, e. arizonensis-like oocysts and eimeria langebarteli: host specificity at the genus and species level within the muridae.	cross-transmission experiments were done using sporulated oocysts of eimeria arizonensis from peromyscus truei and peromyscus maniculatus, and oocysts of 2 putative species that resemble e. arizonensis, i.e., eimeria albigulae from neotoma albigula, and eimeria onychomysis from onychomys leucogaster. oocysts of each species were inoculated into representatives of p. maniculatus and the latter 2 rodent species. other experiments were conducted wherein oocysts of eimeria langebarteli from peromysc ...	1999	10577723
sin nombre virus pathogenesis in peromyscus maniculatus.	sin nombre virus (snv), a member of the hantavirus genus, causes acute viral pneumonia in humans and is thought to persistently infect mice. the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, has been identified as the primary reservoir host for snv. to understand snv infection of p. maniculatus, we examined wild deer mice for localization of viral antigens and nucleic acid. morphologic examination consistently revealed septal edema within lung tissue and mononuclear cell infiltrates in portal areas of the ...	1999	9847363
genetic diversity and capillaria hepatica (nematoda) prevalence in michigan deer mouse populations.	there have been few field tests of the hypothesis that homozygous populations are prone to high levels of disease. i tested for a negative correlation between genetic diversity and parasitism by estimating the allozyme heterozygosity, population density, and proportion of individuals infected by capillaria hepatica (nematoda) in nine michigan populations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). parasite prevalence was correlated negatively with heterozygosity when the effects of density were held ...	1999	28565518
rapid morphological change in channel island deer mice.	deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, collected over 90 years from three california channel islands, were examined for evidence of morphological change. rapid morphological change has occurred in the endemic subspecies from santa barbara (p. m. elusus), anacapa (p. m. anacapae), and santa cruz island (p. m. santacruzae). data were divided into two temporal classes, 1897-1941 and 1955-1988. of the 16 morphological characters measured, between five and 10 measures changed significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) wit ...	1999	28565559
natural selection on thermogenic capacity of high-altitude deer mice.	adaptive explanations that rely on physiological arguments are common, but tests of hypotheses about the significance of whole-animal physiological performance (e.g., aerobic capacities) are rare. we studied phenotypic selection on the thermogenic capacity (i.e., maximal rate of oxygen consumption [vo2 max] elicited via cold exposure) of high-altitude (~3800 m) deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). a high vo2 max equates to a high capacity for heat production and should favor survival in the cold ...	1999	28565539
phenotypic differences in the gnrh neuronal system of deer mice peromyscus maniculatus under a natural short photoperiod.	the neural mechanisms by which short photoperiod induces gonadal regression among seasonally breeding mammals are not well understood. one hypothesis suggests that the proximate cause of seasonal gonadal regression is a photoperiod-induced modification in gnrh secretion. this hypothesis is indirectly supported by our recent findings using immunocytochemistry which identified specific photoperiod-induced adjustments in the number and morphology of gnrh containing neurones between reproductively c ...	1998	10070352
genomic imprinting is disrupted in interspecific peromyscus hybrids.	genomic imprinting, the unequal expression of gene alleles on the basis of parent of origin, is a major exception to mendelian laws of inheritance. by maintaining one allele of a gene in a silent state, imprinted genes discard the advantages of diploidy, and for this reason the rationale for the evolution of imprinting has been debated. one explanation is the parent-offspring conflict model, which proposes that imprinting arose in polyandrous mammals as the result of a parental conflict over the ...	1998	9843208
short photoperiod affects reproductive function but not dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	cessation of breeding is central among the suite of winter-coping strategies used by small rodents to survive energy-demanding winter conditions. animals use photoperiod to predict the onset of winter and initiate, well in advance of deteriorating conditions, seasonal adaptations. exposure to short photoperiod leads to regression of the reproductive system in long-day breeding animals. likewise, exposure to short days leads to enhanced immune function among several rodent species studied. becaus ...	1998	9755031
short-day enhancement of immune function is independent of steroid hormones in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	the effects of photoperiod and steroid hormones on immune function were assessed in male and female deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). in experiment 1, male deer mice were castrated, castrated and given testosterone replacement, or sham-operated. half of each experimental group were subsequently housed in either long (ld 16:8) or short days (ld 8:16) for 10 weeks. short-day deer mice underwent reproductive regression and displayed elevated lymphocyte proliferation in response to the t-cell mito ...	1998	9747522
spatial learning and hippocampal volume in male deer mice: relations to age, testosterone and adrenal gland weight.	spatial learning and various physiological parameters were examined in old (57 month), middle aged (38 month), adult (18 month) and young (3-3.5 month) male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). performance during acquisition of a water maze task was not significantly reduced for middle aged and adult mice relative to young reproductively active (breeding) mice. performance was deteriorated in old mice relative to young breeding mice on block 4 of training. retention of this spatial task, however, ...	1998	9697116
photoperiod, ambient temperature, and food availability interact to affect reproductive and immune function in adult male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	winter is often stressful. increased energetic demands in winter and concurrent reductions in energy availability can lead to an energetic imbalance and compromise survival. to increase the odds of surviving winter, individuals of some nontropical rodent species have evolved mechanisms to enhance immune function in advance of harsh winter conditions. short day lengths provide a proximate cue for enhancement of immune function, an adaptive functional response to counter environmental stress-induc ...	1998	9615289
exogenous melatonin enhances cell-mediated, but not humoral, immune function in adult male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	many nontropical rodent species display seasonal changes in reproductive physiology and metabolism, as well as in immune function. field studies of seasonal changes in immune function typically report decreased immune function in the short days of winter compared to summer; presumably, reduced immunity in winter reflects increased glucocorticoid secretion in response to environmental stressors. in contrast, laboratory studies of photoperiodic changes in immunity invariably demonstrate increased ...	1998	9615288
effect of transatlantic transport on reproduction of agouti and nonagouti deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	in conjunction with establishing colonies of deer mice in the uk, effects of transportation on reproduction in agouti (a) and nonagouti (a) deer mice were assessed. adults were shipped via ground courier and air freight from northampton, massachusetts, usa to sutton bonington, leicestershire, england in february and june. deer mice were paired upon arrival in sutton bonington, whereas matched controls were paired in the original colonies at shipping. to assess reproduction, the following variabl ...	1998	9481695
oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in male prairie deermice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) in different reproductive conditions and group densities.	natural and laboratory populations of peromyscus exhibit a profound but reversible reproductive inhibition related to population density. our earlier studies described the endocrine physiology of inhibited animals which resembles a condition of delayed puberty, but they did not reveal a primary mechanism for the induction and maintenance of the inhibition. these studies indicated that reproductive inhibition could be associated with an overall change in general metabolism. to test this hypothesi ...	1998	11253796
physiological responses of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) to infection with capillaria hepatica (nematoda).	negative effects due to infection have not been documented for most natural host-parasite associations. i performed an infection experiment to measure the physiological consequences of infection by capillaria hepatica in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gracilis). compared to their uninfected siblings, infected mice displayed increased serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and total proteins and reduced concentrations of albumin. infected mice also had higher hematocrits and enlarged liv ...	1998	9920299
genetic reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	in order to determine the frequency and characteristics of reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), mixed infections were initiated in tissue culture by using two closely related strains of sin nombre virus, cc107 (from eastern california) and nmr11 (from new mexico), which share the same species of rodent host in nature, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). potential reassortant virus plaques were screened by multiplex rt-pcr, using primers specific for indivi ...	1998	9501041
a survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected united states national parks.	hantavirus activity in 39 national parks in the eastern and central united states was surveyed by testing 1,815 small mammals of 38 species for antibody reactive to sin nombre virus. antibody-positive rodents were found throughout the area sampled, and in most biotic communities. antibody was detected in 7% of 647 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), 2% of 590 white-footed mice (p. leucopus), 17% of 12 rice rats (oryzomys palustris), 3% of 31 cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus), and 33% of 18 western ...	1998	9574803
tissue distribution of hantavirus antigen in naturally infected humans and deer mice.	the sin nombre virus (snv) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans but does not cause disease in chronically infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), the natural host. in this study, murine antiserum raised against recombinant snv nucleocapsid protein was utilized to localize viral antigen immunohistochemically in tissues from both humans (n = 20; 11 positive, 9 negative) and deer mice (n = 6; 4 positive, 2 negative). viral infection status was confirmed by western ...	1998	9607851
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--colorado and new mexico, 1998.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness resulting in death in approximately 45% of cases. the most frequently recognized etiologic agent of hps in north america, sin nombre virus (snv), is transmitted to humans from its primary rodent reservoir, peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), by direct contact with infected rodents, rodent droppings, or nests or through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from mouse urine and feces. sporadic cases occur throughout the ...	1998	9639364
molecular evolution of two lineages of l1 (line-1) retrotransposons in the california mouse, peromyscus californicus.	the large number of l1 [long interspersed elements (line)-1] sequences found in the genome is due to the insertion of copies of the retrotransposon over evolutionary time. the majority of copies appear to be replicates of a few active, or "master" templates. a continual replacement of master templates over time gives rise to lineages distinguishable by their own unique set of shared-sequence variants. a previous analysis of l1 sequences in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus and p. leucopus, revea ...	1998	9725851
ecology and demographics of hantavirus infections in rodent populations in the walker river basin of nevada and california.	to study the ecologic correlates of hantavirus in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), we sampled 114 sites in the walker river basin of nevada and california in 1995-1996. blood samples were tested for antibody to hantavirus, and a subset of samples was also tested for virus rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. average prevalence of antibody-positive mice was 17%, with heavier males the most likely to be infected. antibody prevalence varied within repeatedly sampled sites from ...	1998	9749642
sex differences in opioid and n-methyl-d-aspartate mediated non-opioid biting fly exposure induced analgesia in deer mice.	there is evidence for sex differences in responses to noxious stimuli and in the expression and mediation of analgesia. in particular, results of investigations with swim stress and the more ethologically appropriate stress of predator odor exposure have suggested sex differences in n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor system involvement in the mediation of analgesia. whether or not this sex difference generalizes to other environmental stressors is, however, not clear. biting flies are a natura ...	1998	9766834
development and validation of a fecal testosterone biomarker in mus musculus and peromyscus maniculatus.	this is a report on the development and validation of an elisa method to determine fecal testosterone levels, and on their evaluation as a biomarker for adverse effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on reproductive health using male rodents of the peromyscus maniculatus and mus musculus species as an animal model. the elisa antibody had the highest specificity for testosterone (100%), followed by dihydrotestosterone (57.4%) and androstenediol (0.27%). radiolabeled testosterone was injected i ...	1998	9780305
host preferences and temporal trends of the tick ixodes angustus in north-central alberta.	we examined host preferences and temporal trends of the tick ixodes angustus on small mammals in north-central alberta. small mammals were live-trapped from 1 june to 29 september 1994 and 3 may to 30 june 1995 in mature aspen (populus tremuloides) forest near lac la biche, alberta. abundance of female i. angustus was high in early may (0.90 +/- 0.20 [se]) and peaked again in late june (0.58 +/- 0.16), whereas abundance of immature i. angustus peaked (1.2 +/- 0.35) in mid-july. red-backed voles ...	1998	9794628
deer mice as laboratory animals.	although laboratory mice (mus) and rats (rattus) are the most widely used research rodents, deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and their congeneric species are favored as nontraditional alternatives for some purposes. mice of the native genus peromyscus are the most abundant and widely distributed rodents in north america. they occur in a great diversity of habitats and play a significant role in natural ecosystems. because of their abundance, peromyscines are commonly hosts for larva of ticks t ...	1998	11406688
dynamics of plague in a gunnison's prairie dog colony complex from new mexico.	a plague (yersinia pestis) epizootic spread through gunnison's prairie dogs (cynomys gunnisoni), and possibly other rodent species, in the moreno valley in north-central new mexico between winter 1984-1985 and autumn 1987. we observed the progress of the epizootic and subsequent population recovery at four prairie dog towns within the valley during this period. at two towns (midlake and val verde) the prairie dogs were marked prior to the epizootic. at two additional towns (vega and south entran ...	1997	9391954
comparison of alkaline single cell gel (comet) and peripheral blood micronucleus assays in detecting dna damage caused by direct and indirect acting mutagens.	the alkaline single cell gel (scg) or 'comet' and peripheral blood micronucleus (pbmn) assay have been used to compare the effects of the direct acting mutagens, methyl methanesulfonate (mms) and n-nitroso-n-methylurea (nmu), and the indirect acting mutagens, benzo[a]pyrene (bap), cyclophosphamide (cp) 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (dmba), and mitomycin c (mmc) in an inbred house mouse (mus domesticus) strain. the alkaline scg assay was able to detect dna damage from direct acting mutagens. ...	1997	9403028
effects of the nonagouti coat-color allele on behavior of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus): a comparison with norway rats (rattus norvegicus).	the agouti locus influences coat color by antagonizing melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) at its receptor on pigment cells and may antagonize msh in neural tissue. this study replicates work on rats to assess whether behavioral (neural) effects of the agouti locus are as similar across mammals as those on coat color. handling, open-field, platform jump, and food-novelty tests were conducted on agouti and nonagouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) following protocols in c. a. cottle and e. o. ...	1997	9419886
trichinella spiralis (t1) and trichinella t5: a comparison using animal infectivity and molecular biology techniques.	we compared trichinella t5 of bobcat (lynx rufus) origin with trichinella spiralis (t1) by using animal infectivity and molecular biology techniques. swine, sd rats, and cf1 mice were highly resistant to infection with trichinella t5 but sensitive to t. spiralis, whereas deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) had similar sensitivity to both parasites. the fecundity of trichinella t5 in deer mice was 10-35-fold higher in comparison to the fecundity in laboratory rodents (sd rats and cf1 mice). fecund ...	1997	9057702
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	the objective of this report is to summarize the medical literature relevant to the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the english language literature was searched from january 1993 through march 1995, manually and using medline, including conference proceedings and reference lists. we selected relevant articles on clinical aspects of hps. hps is a newly described illness that progresses through three phases: prodromal, cardiopulmonary, and co ...	1997	9097374
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing.	an experimental assessment of methods to reduce rodent infestations in rural housing was conducted in yosemite national park, california, sequoia/kings canyon national parks, california, and shenandoah national park, virginia. during pretreatment surveys, nearly all (63 of 68) selected units had past or ongoing rodent activity inside. active infestations were found in 58.8% of the units. peromyscus spp. represented 91.2% of all animals caught inside housing units. despite little harborage, roden ...	1997	9158040
seroepidemiologic studies of hantavirus infection among wild rodents in california.	a total of 4,626 mammals were serologically tested for antibodies to sin nombre virus. all nonrodent species were antibody negative. among wild rodents, antibody prevalence was 8.5% in murids, 1.4% in heteromyids, and < 0.1% in sciurids. of 1,921 peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice), 226 (11.8%) were antibody positive, including one collected in 1975. the highest antibody prevalence (71.4% of 35) was found among p. maniculatus on santa cruz island, off the southern california coast. prevalence of ...	1997	9204301
how common are common fragile sites: variation of aphidicolin-induced chromosomal fragile sites in a population of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	aphidicolin (apc)-induced chromosomal gaps and breaks were analyzed for ten deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) from a natural population. the fsm statistical methodology was used to identify fragile sites as chromosomal loci exhibiting significantly non-random numbers of gaps/breaks in each individual and enabled an assessment of variation in fragile sites among the individuals. the individual deer mice exhibited as few as 7 to as many as 19 of the populational total of 34 sites. two sites were ...	1997	9254846
population dynamics of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) and sin nombre virus, california channel islands.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, first documented in 1993, is caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried by the peromyscus species. in 1994, high snv antibody prevalence was identified in deer mice from two california channel islands. we sampled two locations on three islands to estimate mouse population density and snv prevalence. population flux and snv prevalence appear to vary independently.	1997	9284383
the effects of photoperiod and food intake on reproductive development in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	seasonal breeding is a tactic that has evolved in rodents that limits reproduction to specific times of the year to increase reproductive success. in order to time breeding accurately, many animals respond to changes in daily photoperiod. short day lengths inhibit breeding in many nontropical rodent species. restricted food availability can also inhibit reproductive function among some individuals in these so-called "photoperiodic" populations. rodents born at the end of the breeding season typi ...	1997	9333185
phenotypic variation in seasonal adjustments of testis size, body weight, and food intake in deer mice: role of pineal function and ambient temperature.	we investigated pineal function as well as reproductive and energetic characteristics in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) that differentially respond to short photoperiod with full, partial or no gonadal regression. in mice at both high (23 degrees c) and low temperature (1 degree c), these phenotypic differences in reproductive responses to short days were not reflected by differences in urinary excretion of 6-sulphatoxy-melatonin, the main metabolite of pineal melatonin. neither duratio ...	1997	9151428
metabolic fuel availability influences thermoregulation in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	body temperature (tb) was monitored telemetrically in adult deer mice kept in an environmental chamber at low ambient temperature (ta = 15 degrees c). mice were challenged with various doses of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2dg, a glycolysis inhibitor) or mercaptoacetate (ma, a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor) or a combination of the two drugs. a preliminary study suggested that higher doses of 2dg and ma, either individually or together, tended to produce a transient decrease in tb. in the main experiment, ...	1997	9108570
photoperiod and steroid-dependent adjustments in hypothalamic gonadotropic hormone-releasing hormone, dopamine, and norepinephrine content in male deer mice.	the purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to examine photoperiod-dependent and steroid-dependent adjustments in hypothalamic gnrh and catecholamine content in male deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, and 2) to evaluate whether the commonly used measure of gnrh accumulation serves as an accurate indicator of altered reproductive function in short-day-housed rodents. deer mice provide a unique animal model in which to evaluate the effect of short day length on the neural substrates directing reprod ...	1997	9047005
sex differences in immunocompetence differ between two peromyscus species.	males generally exhibit reduced immunocompetence and greater susceptibility to disease than females. the explanations for why males may be more susceptible to disease than females fall into two categories: 1) the proximate mechanisms mediating immunity, such as hormonal mechanisms, and 2) variation in reproductive success between the sexes. the present study examined the extent to which these factors contribute to sex differences in cell-mediated immune function in polygynous peromyscus manicula ...	1997	9277551
an evaluation of vertebrate seed dispersal syndromes in four species of black nightshade (solanum sect. solanum).	we examined the ecological relevance of bird versus mammal dispersal syndromes in four species of solanum, s. americanum type a, s. americanum type b, s. ptychanthum, and s. sarrachoides. these plants were selected because their morphological characteristics, such as fruit color, mass, and persistence, resembled those typically associated with classically-defined bird and mammal dispersal syndromes. we monitored persistence of tagged fruits, compared physical and chemical chaacteristics, perform ...	1996	28307396
population dynamics of two species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus): biotic and abiotic factors.	i investigated whether biotic factors (competitive exclusion between parasites and host immunity), abiotic factors (high temperature, low temperature, and rainfall), or a combination of the 2 affected the population dynamics of eimeria arizonensis and eimeria delicata in naturally infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). there was no evidence of competitive exclusion between e. arizonensis and e. delicata, nor were e. arizonensis population dynamics affected by host immunity (young deer mice ...	1996	8604087
reproductive and immune responses to photoperiod and melatonin are linked in peromyscus subspecies.	the effects of photoperiod and melatonin treatment on reproductive and immune function were assessed in two subspecies of peromyscus maniculatus from different latitudes of origin. in experiment 1, p. m. bairidii (latitude = 42 degrees 51' n) and p. m. luteus (latitude = 30 degrees 37' n) were housed in either long (ld 16:8) or short days (ld 8:16) for 8 weeks. short-day p. m. bairdii displayed reproductive regression and elevated splenocyte proliferation in response to the t-cell mitogen concan ...	1996	8956499
spatial learning in deer mice: sex differences and the effects of endogenous opioids and 60 hz magnetic fields.	we examined the effects of brief exposure to weak 60 hz extremely low frequency (elf) magnetic fields and opioid systems on spatial behavior and learning in reproductive adult male and female deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus. sex differences were evident in spatial performance, with male deer mice displaying significantly better performance than female mice in the morris water maze, whereby animals had to acquire and retain the location of a submerged hidden platform. brief (maximum 5 min) expo ...	1996	8888582
photoperiod and temperature interact to affect immune parameters in adult male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	nontropical rodents often experience large seasonal fluctuations in both food availability and energy demands. the energy required for thermoregulation is highest during the winter when food availability may be at an annual minimum. failure to cope with winter probably accounts, in part, for the increased prevalence of disease and death relative to that in summer. winter conditions may elevate circulating glucocorticosteroid levels, which can compromise immune function. to increase the odds of s ...	1996	8744237
copper, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in peromyscus maniculatus sampled near an abandoned copper mine	concentrations of zinc, copper, and cadmium were determined in soil and liver, kidney, bone and stomach contents of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) from two sites near an abandoned mine and one control site, on vancouver island, british columbia, canada. soil concentrations of copper were significantly elevated at the mine and off site vs the reference site. in contrast, there was no difference in soil cadmium and zinc concentrations between the mine and reference site. concentrations of copp ...	1996	8661524
auditory-evoked brainstem responses in the torpid deermouse.	this study examined auditory-evoked brainstem responses (abr) in the deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus) during torpor and arousal. the abr of the euthermic deermouse consisted of five waves occurring in a time frame of 10 ms. during torpor, abr wave i could be elicited at slow, but not fast stimulation rates indicating variability in neural activity along the auditory pathway. arousal was heralded by the appearance of all the components of the abr evoked in response to both slow and fast click r ...	1996	8848480
hemorrhagic gastritis in free-living rodents in idaho.	between february 1992 and march 1994, four species of rodent from the snake river birds of prey area near boise, idaho (usa) were necropsied. hemorrhagic gastritis was observed in 16 of 131 townsend's ground squirrels (spermophilus townsendii), one of 11 ord's kangaroo rats (dipodomys ordii) and the one great basin pocket mouse (perognathus parvus) evaluated. no lesions were observed in 14 white-footed deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). tissue from one townsend's ground squirrel was negative fo ...	1996	9359067
new pathogens for respiratory infections.	the emergence of new pathogens and the increasing antimicrobial resistance patterns of old pathogens are contributing factors to the high epidemiologic impact of lower respiratory tract infections. hantaviruses, chlamydia pneumoniae, and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae have recently gained most of the attention of international researchers. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome has been confirmed in 100 cases with a very high mortality (52%). risk factors for infection are peridomestic cle ...	1996	9363136
susceptibility of selected rodent species from colorado to borrelia burgdorferi.	to determine the susceptibility of some common colorado (usa) rodent species to borrelia burgdorferi, pregnant peromyscus maniculatus, tamias minimus, and spermophilus lateralis were trapped in may 1990 and kept in quarantine until their young were old enough to be used in the experiment. six to eight 8-wk-old individuals of each of the colorado species and, for comparison, eight laboratory raised p. leucopus were subcutaneously inoculated with > or = 10(5) spirochetes in 0.1 ml in july 1990. ti ...	1996	8722268
comparison of infectivities of six tick-derived isolates of borrelia burgdorferi for rodents and ticks.	the infectivity and dissemination to the skin of six isolates of borrelia burgdorferi were evaluated by inoculating them into groups of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), hamsters, and swiss webster mice. rodent infection was assayed by culture of ear punch biopsy specimens taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation (p.i.). spirochetes were detected in biopsy specimens from individuals of all three host species that had been inoculated with four isolates (ca3, ca4, ca7, and ca8). ear punch bio ...	1996	8748276
hantavirus serologies in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.	in many patients, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is not known but may be caused by previously undescribed pathogens in some cases. the recently identified hantavirus sin nombre (sn) causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. because sporadic cases have occurred outside the range of its reservoir (the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus), an investigation sought to determine whether hantaviruses contributed to cases of community-acquired pneumonia in a large baltimore hospital. acute-phase ...	1996	8537665
sexually dimorphic spatial learning in meadow voles microtus pennsylvanicus and deer mice peromyscus maniculatus.	a number of studies examining developmental, neural and hormonal aspects of sexually dimorphic spatial learning (morris water-maze) in meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are described. we found that, in adult deer mice, female spatial performance decreased during the breeding season relative to the non-breeding season, whereas the reverse pattern was observed in male performance. there was a sex difference favouring males in spatial learning during the ...	1996	8576690
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in florida: association with the newly identified black creek canal virus.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a recently recognized viral zoonosis. the first recognized cases were caused by a newly described hantavirus. sin nombre virus (previously known as muerto canyon virus), isolated from peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse). we describe a 33-year-old floridian man who resided outside the ecologic range of p maniculatus but was found to have serologic evidence of a hantavirus infection during evaluation of azotemia associated with adult respiratory distress synd ...	1996	8579086
occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeastern california and nevada.	these studies were initiated to determine the prevalence and hosts of hantaviruses within the rodent population of nevada and northeastern california. a total of 1,867 rodents were collected, sexed, weighed, identified, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibody against hantavirus nucleocapsid. the primary hosts for hantaviruses in this region were found within the family muridae (peromyscus maniculatus. reithrodontomys megalotis. and microtus montanus). studies ...	1996	8619434
expressed peromyscus maniculatus (pema) mhc class i genes: evolutionary implications and the identification of a gene encoding a qa1-like antigen.	to gain insight into the evolution of rodent major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes and identify important (conserved) nonclassical class i (class i b) gene products and residues in these proteins, six peromyscus maniculatus mhc (pema) class i cdna clones were isolated and sequenced. five pema class i cdnas appeared most similar to mouse and rat classical class i (class i a) genes. one exhibited highest similarity to an h2 class i b gene, h2-t23 (encoding the qa1 antigen). phylogen ...	1996	8662082
genetic and phylogenetic analyses of hantaviral sequences amplified from archival tissues of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae) captured in the eastern united states.	the s and m segments of a hantavirus, enzymatically amplified from tissues of cloudland deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae) captured during 1985 in west virginia, diverged from strains of four corners virus from the southwestern united states by more than 16% and 6% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus strain (designated monongahela) forms a possible evolutionary link between the four corners and new york hantaviruses.	1996	8678841
phenotypic plasticity in skull and dental morphology in the prairie deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii).	morphologists and systematists have long suspected that dietary consistency can affect skull and dental form in mammals. we examined plasticity of skull shape and tooth morphology in prairie deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) by feeding mice diets that differed in consistency but not nutritional quality. shape differences were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, using both landmark-based morphometrics and traditional distance measurements. mice fed a gruel made of laboratory chow ...	1996	8755340
hantavirus in montana deer mouse populations: preliminary results.	dynamics of small mammal populations and the prevalence of antibodies for hantavirus were determined in six locations in central and western montana (usa). eighteen live-trapping grids were trapped monthly from june through september 1994. deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations ranged from 0 to over 90 on one-hectare grids. our bleeding technique had no apparent effect on survival of deer mice. deer mice, meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and sagebrush voles (lagurus curtatus) wer ...	1996	8827681
sequence analysis of the complete s genomic segment of a newly identified hantavirus isolated from the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus): phylogenetic relationship with other sigmodontine rodent-borne hantaviruses.	four corners (fc) or sin nombre virus, a hantavirus harbored by the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), is the principal etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). recently, a hantavirus, designated new york (ny) virus, isolated from a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) captured on shelter island, new york, was molecularly linked to a fatal case of hps occurring in the northeastern united states. to clarify the genetic and phylogenetic relationship between ny and fc viruses a ...	1996	8883362
coat color genetics of peromyscus: v. california blonde, a new recessive mutation in the deer mouse.	california blonde is a coat color mutation in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) discovered among descendants of wild-type animals collected on santa cruz island, california. the phenotype is produced by the presence of brown, rather than black, eumelanin in the pelage and skin. retinal pigmentation is also reduced. the condition is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. the california blonde gene is nonallelic with the brown (b), blonde (bln), and platinum (plt) mutant genes in this sp ...	1996	8904838
field and laboratory studies on the timing of oviposition and hatching of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae).	the timing of oviposition and hatching of ixodes pacificus was investigated in the field and at constant temperatures in the laboratory. replete females held at temperatures between 9 and 29 degrees c began depositing eggs a mean of 9-70 days after drop off. egg masses held between 12 and 25 degrees c commenced hatching 25-178 days after the onset of oviposition. eggs held at 9 or 29 degrees c did not hatch. the lower temperature thresholds for development (ltd) for oviposition and hatching were ...	1996	9004494
cocirculation of multiple hantaviruses in texas, with characterization of the small (s) genome of a previously undescribed virus of cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus).	an environmental and laboratory investigation was conducted after a fatal childhood case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in deaf smith county, texas in may 1995. a trapping campaign was conducted to identify possible rodent carriers. six species of murid and heteromyid rodents were collected, and at least one hantavirus-seropositive specimen was found in each of the five murid species. tissues from a selection of 11 seropositive specimens were examined by the polymerase chain reaction ...	1996	9025697
coexistence of white-footed mice and deer mice may be mediated by fluctuating environmental conditions.	white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, and deer mice, p. maniculatus nubiterrae, occur sympatically throughout much of the appalachian mountains of the eastern united states. previous studies have shown that these two species are behaviorally and ecologically similar and do not partition food or microhabitat. in this paper i use a 14-year data set to demonstrate that the two species have differential population growth and survival rates in response to food abundance and season, w ...	1996	28307870
sex differences in the expression and antagonism of swim stress-induced analgesia in deer mice vary with the breeding season.	swim stress-induced analgesia (ssia) was examined in photoperiodically induced 'breeding' (reproductive) and 'non-breeding' (non-reproductive) adult male and female deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus. nociceptive responses (50 degrees c, hot-plate) of breeding and non-breeding deer mice were determined after either a 1- or 3-min swim in 20 degrees c water. the 1-min swim induced an immediate and relatively short-lasting naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) insensitive 'non-opioid' -mediated ssia that was antagon ...	1995	8719533
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: clinical, diagnostic, and virologic aspects.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an acute pneumonitis with a high mortality rate that is caused by a newly recognized hantavirus. four corners virus (also known as muerto canyon virus and sin nombre virus) is enzootic among deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). incidental transmission to humans can result in a disease characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory insufficiency, diffuse noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, vascular volume contraction with hemoconcentration, lactic acidosis, depressed ...	1995	8668854
larval density and feeding success of ixodes scapularis on two species of peromyscus.	one potential mechanism for the regulation of tick populations is density-dependent feeding success on vertebrate hosts. in a series of laboratory experiments, we tested whether the density of larval ixodes scapularis on the mice peromyscus maniculatus and peromyscus leucopus influenced tick feeding success. for both host species, the proportion of ticks feeding to repletion was constant (approximately 40-50%) over a range of infestation from 5 to 100 ticks per mouse. for p. leucopus, neither ma ...	1995	8544056
naturally occurring sin nombre virus genetic reassortants.	genetic reassortment has been shown to play an important role in the evolution of several segmented rna viruses and in the epidemiology of associated diseases. sin nombre (sn) virus is the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome throughout the western united states. like other hantaviruses, it possesses a genome consisting of three negative-sense rna segments, s, m, and l. recent analysis has demonstrated the presence of at least three different hantaviruses in nevada and eastern california, incl ...	1995	8553562
effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on initiation of fur growth cycles in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the initiation of hair growth in the deer mouse and the duration of the actively growing phase of the hair growth cycle (anagen). bilateral adrenalectomy plus deoxycorticosterone supplementation of adult deer mice resulted in the onset of hair growth 4 days earlier than in sham-operated mice supplemented with deoxycorticosterone. the duration of hair growth (anagen), based on guard hair measurements, was est ...	1995	8569158
short report: prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with two fatal human infections in california.	rodents living near two fatal human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in california were surveyed for evidence of hantavirus infection. seventeen (15%) (14 peromyscus maniculatus and one each of p. truei, eutamias minimus, and microtus californicus) of 114 rodents tested had evidence (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction) of hantavirus infection. this suggests that peromyscus mice, and p. maniculatus in particular, may be the reservoir for the virus causing this ne ...	1995	7872450
coccidian parasites (apicomplexa) from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern united states: new host and geographic records.	four hundred thirty-five leptotyphlopid, colubrid, elapid, and viperid snakes were collected from various localities in arkansas, new mexico, oklahoma, and texas, and their feces were examined for coccidian parasites. of these, 131 (30%) were passing oocysts or sporocysts of at least 1 coccidian; 88 (67%) of the infected snakes had only 1 species of coccidian when they were examined. aquatic and semiaquatic snakes accounted for 48% of the infections, whereas strictly terrestrial snakes comprised ...	1995	7876980
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease.	a recent outbreak of a severe pulmonary disease in the southwestern united states was etiologically linked to a previously unrecognized hantavirus. the virus has been isolated from its major reservoir, the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and recently named sin nombre virus. clinically, the disease has become known as the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). since may 1993, 44 fatal cases of hps have been identified through clinicopathological review and immunohistochemical (ihc) testing of t ...	1995	7887439
coexistence of several novel hantaviruses in rodents indigenous to north america.	three genetically distinct members of the hantavirus genus have been detected in nevada rodents by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis. these include sin nombre (sn), el moro canyon (elmc), and prospect hill (ph)-like viruses which are primarily associated with peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), reithrodontomys megalotis (western harvest mouse), and microtus spp. (voles), respectively. although this region of the united states is ecologically diverse, rodents infected with different hantav ...	1995	7483255
complete genetic characterization and analysis of isolation of sin nombre virus.	this study reports completion of the genetic characterization of the entire genome of sin nombre (sn) virus (nmh10) detected in autopsy tissues from a patient who died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the large (l) genome segment was found to be 6,562 nucleotides in length and encoded a putative l polymerase that was 2,153 amino acids in length. no evidence of segment reassortment with other well-characterized hantaviruses was obtained. the sequence of the entire s, m, and l genome segmen ...	1995	7494336
transmission of borrelia burgdorferi by ixodes pacificus nymphs and reservoir competence of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) infected by tick-bite.	the transmission of borrelia burgdorferi to deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) by ixodes pacificus nymphs was investigated experimentally. deer mice were exposed to infected nymphs for 24, 48, or 72 hr, or until ticks had fed to repletion (> or = 96 hr). infection status of hosts was assessed 4 wk later by culture of ear-punch biopsies in bsk ii medium and by indirect immunofluorescence. eight mice exposed to ticks for 24 hr did not become infected. in contrast, infection was acquired by 1 of 9 ...	1995	7707191
oocyst output, periodicity, and immunity of two deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) eimerians (eimeria arizonensis and eimeria delicata).	we compared the life histories of 2 eimerians (eimeria arizonensis and eimeria delicata), which co-occur in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). laboratory-reared deer mice were given 10(3), 10(4) (e. delicata), or 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) (e. arizonensis) oocysts by stomach intubation. eimeria arizonensis infections lasted longer (11-13 days) than e. delicata infections (9-10 days). eimeria arizonensis infections also produced more oocysts for each oocyst ingested at both levels compared. bot ...	1995	7707193
a household-based, case-control study of environmental factors associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern united states.	during an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the southwestern united states, trained environmental assessment teams conducted surveys at 17 case-patient homes and matched controls from june through august 1993. variables related to rodent abundance were quantified and standardized rodent trapping was conducted around and within households. the majority of households were located in pinon-juniper vegetation zones, and there were no significant differences in the type of house in w ...	1995	7771603
antibody responses to four corners hantavirus infections in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus): identification of an immunodominant region of the viral nucleocapsid protein.	antibody responses to four corners hantavirus (fcv) infections in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) were characterized by using fcv nucleocapsid protein (n), glycoprotein 1 (g1), and glycoprotein 2 (g2) recombinant polypeptides in western immunoblot assays. strong immunoglobulin g reactivities to fcv n were observed among fcv-infected wild p. maniculatus mice (n = 34) and in laboratory-infected p. maniculatus mice (n = 11). no immunoglobulin g antibody reactivities to fcv g1 or g2 linear d ...	1995	7853538
a newly recognized virus associated with a fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in louisiana.	genetic analysis of virus detected in autopsy tissues of a fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-like case in louisiana revealed the presence of a previously unrecognized hantavirus. nucleotide sequence analysis of pcr fragments of the complete s and m segments of the virus amplified from rna extracted from the tissues showed the virus to be novel, differing from the closest related hantavirus, sin nombre virus, by approximately 30%. both genome segments were unique, and there was no evidence of g ...	1995	7853545
isolation and initial characterization of a newfound hantavirus from california.	a fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in northern california prompted our attempt to isolate viruses from local rodents. from tissues of two deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, two hantaviruses (convict creek virus 107 and 74, cc107 and cc74) were established in cell culture. viral antigens, proteins, and rnas of the first and archetypical isolate (cc107) were examined, and portions of the medium (m) and small (s) genome segments of both isolates were sequenced. antigenically, cc107 ...	1995	7856107
complete nucleotide sequences of the m and s segments of two hantavirus isolates from california: evidence for reassortment in nature among viruses related to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the m and the s genome segments and a portion of the l segments of two hantavirus isolates from peromyscus maniculatus trapped in eastern california. the isolates, convict creek 107 and 74 (cc107 and cc74) are genetically similar to viruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in new mexico. cc107 and cc74 each have an m segment consisting of 3696 nucleotides with a coding potential of 1140 amino acids in the virus complementary-sense rna (cr ...	1995	7856108
alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) isozymes in the adhn/adhn strain of peromyscus maniculatus (adh-deermouse) and a possible role of class iii adh in alcohol metabolism.	although the adhn/adhn strain of peromyscus maniculatus (so-called adh- deermouse) has been previously considered to be deficient in adh, we found adh isozymes of classes ii and iii but not class i in the liver of this strain. on the other hand, the adhf/adhf strain (so-called adh+ deermouse), which has liver adh activity, had class i and iii but not class ii adh in the liver. in the stomach, class iii and iv adhs were detected in both deermouse strains, as well as in the ddy mouse, which has th ...	1995	8748459
differential testicular responses to short daylength in deer mice are reflected by regional and morphological differences in the gnrh neuronal system.	male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) respond to short photoperiod with a range of spermatogenic responses. about one-third of all short day exposed mice exhibit a complete cessation of spermatogenesis (reproductive responsive), while about an equal number remain reproductively competent (reproductive nonresponsive). these differential spermatogenic responses are mirrored by endocrine measures; reproductive responsive males exhibit reduced circulating levels of testosterone and luteinizing hor ...	1995	7583239