Publications

comparison of chromosomal distribution of a retroposon (line) and a retrovirus-like element mys in peromyscus maniculatus and p. leucopus.	chromosomal distribution for two interspersed elements (lines and mys) that are thought to have established their chromosomal position primarily by transposition was compared between two species of deer mice (peromyscus leucopus and p. maniculatus). both lines and mys generally produced an autosomal banding pattern reflective of g-bands and both hybridized preferentially to the sex chromosomes. the pattern on the long arm of the x was unique for each, with mys reflecting the g-bands (four bands ...	1994	8069462
granulocytic leukemia and uterine adenocarcinoma in a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus).		1993	8231099
genome organization of repetitive elements in the rodent, peromyscus leucopus.	to document the frequency and distribution of repetitive elements in peromyscus leucopus, the white-footed mouse, a cosmid genomic library was examined. two thousand thirteen randomly chosen recombinants, with an average insert size of 35 kb and representing 2.35% of the haploid genome of p. leucopus, were screened with probes representing microsatellites, tandem repeats, and transposable elements. of the four dinucleotides, (gt)n was present in 87% of the clones, (ct)n was present in 59% of the ...	1993	8395263
reduced abundance of immature ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) following incremental removal of deer.	the abundance of immature ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin was monitored for 9 yr (1983-1991) before and during the controlled, limited hunting of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), at a coastal massachusetts site. deer abundance was reduced from an estimated 350 during 1985 to approximately 60 during 1991. although annual fluctuations were large, mean larval i. dammini abundance declined from 20.8 per white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), d ...	1993	8433321
food chain transfer and potential renal toxicity of mercury to small mammals at a contaminated terrestrial field site.	mercury concentrations were determined in surface soil and biota at a contaminated terrestrial field site and were used to calculate transfer coefficients of mercury through various compartments of the ecosystem based on trophic relationships. mercury concentrations in all compartments (soil, vegetation, invertebrates, and small mammals) were higher than mercury concentrations in corresponding samples at local reference sites. nonetheless, mercury concentrations in biota did not exceed concentra ...	1993	24201735
predation hazard and seed removal by small mammals: microhabitat versus patch scale effects.	predator avoidance may involve response strategies of prey species that are time and space specific. many studies have shown that foraging individuals avoid predators by altering microhabitat usage; alternatively, sites may be selected according to larger-scale features of the habitat mosaic. we measured seed removal by two small mammal species (peromyscus leucopus, and microtus pennsylvanicus) at 474 stations over an experimentally created landscape of 12 patches, and under conditions of relati ...	1993	28314039
failure of cryptorchidism to suppress fertility in a tropical rodent.	the cane mouse (zygodontomys brevicauda) breeds year-round on the hot llanos of venezuela, only 8 degrees above the equator. the reproductive responses of the males of this species to heat were compared with those of a temperature zone rodent, the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus). when tested at different ambient temperatures, the movement of the testis in relation to the scrotum was similar in the two species, but the cane mouse's testis proved to be much more resistant to maintenance a ...	1993	8100454
experimental infection of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is endemic in the northeast, north-central, and pacific coastal states of the united states. the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) is found throughout the disease-enzootic regions except along the pacific coast, and may serve as an important reservoir host in some locations. to characterize their potential as a host, 11 adult chipmunks were inoculated with 10(5) spirochetes from strains of b. burgdorferi isolated from peromyscus leuco ...	1993	8258849
reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) with exclusion of deer by electric fencing.	to assess the effect of deer exclusion on populations of ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) in the northeastern united states, host-seeking ticks and ticks on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were monitored inside and outside a wooded, residential deer exclosure (approximately 3.5 ha) in lyme, ct, in 1991 and 1992. another deer exclosure was added in lyme (approximately 7.4 ha) during 1992. additional sample sites at other residen ...	1993	8271257
coat color genetics of peromyscus: iii. golden-nugget--a recessive trait in the white-footed mouse, p. leucopus.	a novel pelage color variant appeared in a laboratory colony of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) from massachusetts. the mature adult coat color of this variant exhibits a rich golden tan appearance on the dorsum with white underparts. the trait is inherited as an autosomal recessive. phenotypic comparisons with other rodents suggest that the trait is attributable to an allele at the brown (b) locus. under laboratory conditions homozygous or heterozygous golden-nugget peromyscus do not di ...	1993	8340620
down-regulation of muscarinic receptors and the m3 subtype in white-footed mice by dietary exposure to parathion.	the effect of ad libitum dietary exposure (as occurs in the field) to parathion for 14 d was investigated on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (machr) in brains and submaxillary glands of adults of a field species, the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus. immunoprecipitation using subtype selective antibodies revealed that the relative ratios of the m1-m5 machr subtypes in peromyscus brain were similar to those in rat brain. there was little variability in acetylcholinesterase (ache) acti ...	1993	8350385
norway rats as reservoir hosts for lyme disease spirochetes on monhegan island, maine.	to determine whether the agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, may be maintained in the absence of its usual white-footed mouse reservoir host, ixodes dammini ticks from an island where mice are absent were examined. prevalence of spirochetal infection was described for ticks removed from mammals, birds, and vegetation on monhegan island, maine. forty percent of adult i. dammini removed from vegetation were infected. norway rats were heavily infested with ticks, and > 60% of such ticks co ...	1993	8354910
isolation and characterization of borrelia burgdorferi from blood of a bird captured in the saint croix river valley.	field investigations were conducted to further evaluate the role of birds in the maintenance and dissemination of borrelia burgdorferi. blood specimens were taken from 39 passerine birds of 17 species captured during june 1991 at the saint croix national riverway in wisconsin, and one isolate, wi91-23, was cultured from an adult song sparrow (melospiza melodia). this isolate was shown to be infectious for peromyscus leucopus and mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster). isolate wi91-23 was confirme ...	1993	8370728
biochemical correlates of longevity in two closely related rodent species.	the objective of this study was to explore the basis of variations in the life span and metabolic potential, i.e., total amount of energy consumed during life, between different species, in context of the free radical hypothesis of aging. a comparison was made between the house mouse (mus musculus) and the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus): the latter has > 2-fold greater life span and metabolic potential than the former. longer life span and higher metabolic potential of peromyscus were ...	1993	8216337
detection of borrelia burgdorferi in tissues of experimentally infected peromyscus leucopus by the polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to amplify a 158 base pair (bp) dna fragment from the ospa locus of borrelia burgdorferi. this assay could identify all of four distinct b. burgdorferi isolates from oklahoma and could detect as little as 50 x 10(-15) g of purified dna from b. burgdorferi (jd-1) after agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. the assay was used to detect the lyme spirochete in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and urinary bladder of four experiment ...	1993	7763705
relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in the coastal plain of north carolina, usa.	the interaction of immature black-legged ticks, ixodes scapularis, with reptiles and rodents was investigated in various woodland habitats in the coastal plain of north carolina. reptiles were sampled from april 1 to september 30, 1991. no ticks were found on 95 specimens representing 16 species of snakes. ticks were found on 54 (36.7%) of 147 lizards. i. scapularis was the only tick recovered from lizards. some lizards were collected in drift fence traps each month of the study except august. c ...	1993	7628223
reservoir competence of white-footed mice for babesia microti.	although the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus rafinesque, has been incriminated as the main reservoir of the agent of human babesiosis, babesia microti franca, a quantitative demonstration of reservoir competence has not been presented. mice captured within an intensely zoonotic site served as host for laboratory-reared larval ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman, and corwin, and the resulting nymphal ticks were assayed for evidence of salivary gland infection by the piroplasm. sole ...	1993	8433329
role of the eastern chipmunk as a host for immature ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in northwestern illinois.	infestation of the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus l., by immature ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman and corwin was studied in castle rock state park in northwestern illinois during june-october 1991. mean larval density peaked in august, while nymphal density declined steadily through the study period. prevalence of tick infestation was high throughout the trapping period. tick distribution on chipmunks was aggregated in most of the sampling periods. levels of i. dammini infestation ...	1993	8433349
comparison of the lateral diffusion constant of hepatocyte membrane proteins in two wild mouse strains of considerably different longevity: frap studies on liver smears.	the liver cells of male and female wild mice (peromyscus leucopus and mus musculus) have been studied in young, adult, and old age groups. because p. leucopus displays a life expectancy of 7-8 years, the age groups of this strain were from 5.5 to 68 months. m. musculus survives only to about 2.5 years; therefore, the age groups of this strain ranged from 6 to 27 months. protein lateral diffusion in hepatocyte membranes was measured by means of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (frap) in ...	1993	8482810
experimental borrelia burgdorferi infections in the white-footed mouse, deer mouse, and fulvous harvest mouse detected by needle aspiration of spirochetes.	three methods were tested for recovering borrelia burgdorferi from live mice onto bsk ii culture medium. four laboratory-reared peromyscus leucopus were inoculated intraperitoneally with the jd-1 isolate of borrelia burgdorferi. borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes were recovered from 13 of 20 (65%) samples taken by needle aspiration between days 7 and 40 post-inoculation (pi) and from 1 of 16 samples of skin obtained by ear punch biopsy during the same sampling period. spirochetes were not recovere ...	1993	8487370
age- and gender-related variations in the activities of drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus).	the effects of aging on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were studied in male and female white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) at ages of 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 months. male mice had significantly higher liver microsomal cytochrome p450 (p450) content and nadph:cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (p450 reductase) activities than females at all age groups. many of the p450-dependent enzyme activities were also generally higher in males. female mice showed ...	1993	8495997
regional analysis of 5-ht1a receptors in two species of peromyscus.	two species of deer-mice, peromyscus maniculatus (p. man) and peromyscus leucopus (p. leu), were compared for differences in 5-hydroxytryptamine1a (5-ht1a) receptor number and affinity. both species enter into torpor; however, p. man enters spontaneous torpor with a higher frequency and for a longer duration than p. leu. further, compared to p. leu a higher percentage of p. man exhibit daily torpor. deer mice can be induced to enter torpor by a reduction in food supply, shortened photoperiods, a ...	1993	8516353
sequence of the tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (tnf) gene from peromyscus leucopus (family cricetidae).		1992	1348497
comparison of polymerase chain reaction and culture for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in naturally infected peromyscus leucopus and experimentally infected c.b-17 scid/scid mice.	culture and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were compared for detection of borrelia burgdorferi infection in wild-caught peromyscus leucopus and experimentally inoculated c.b-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficient) mice. pcr targeted highly conserved regions of the ospa gene and could detect one to five cultured organisms and 10 to 50 copies of molecularly cloned ospa dna. organs (kidney, spleen, and urinary bladder) and/or ear biopsy samples were obtained from 108 captured p. leucopu ...	1992	1400962
parents suppress reproduction and stimulate dispersal in opposite-sex juvenile white-footed mice.	juvenile dispersal is sex-biased in many mammals and birds: one sex often disperses more often or farther than the other. two hypotheses are generally presented for sex-biased dispersal. the first holds that juvenile dispersal reduces reproductive and/or resource competition between parents and same-sexed offspring. if so, presence of a parent on the natal home range should both promote dispersal of same-sex offspring and suppress reproduction of those that remain. the second is that juvenile di ...	1992	1406952
vegetation structure influences the burden of immature ixodes dammini on its main host, peromyscus leucopus.	to determine whether the relative abundance of immature ixodes dammini (the vector of lyme disease and human babesiosis) is related to habitat structure, we examined tick burdens on their main host, the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), in 4 structurally diverse sites on great island, massachusetts, usa. vegetation structure at each site was quantified with respect to 25 habitat variables. principal components analysis was used to reduce this set of habitat variables to seven new and ort ...	1992	1437266
cystitis induced by infection with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in mice.	previous studies have demonstrated that the urinary bladder is a consistent source for isolating the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, from both experimentally infected and naturally exposed rodents. we examined histopathologic changes in the urinary bladder of different types of rodents experimentally infected with lyme spirochetes, including balb/c mice (mus musculus), nude mice (m. musculus), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and grasshopper mice (onychomys leucogaster). a ...	1992	1443051
alkoxyresorufin metabolism in white-footed mice at relevant environmental concentrations of aroclor 1254.	recent investigations have detected polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body burdens in wild white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) captured at hazardous waste sites. insufficient information is currently available to interpret the toxicological significance of these body burdens. in an effort to provide this information, we investigated hepatic changes and pcb body burdens in white-footed mice following a 21-day dietary exposure to a pcb mixture, aroclor 1254. dietary concentrations tested were 0, ...	1992	1459375
distribution of the lyme disease vector, ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in ontario, canada.	ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin was confirmed at long point, lake erie, ontario, on small mammals and white-tailed deer and by dragging for ticks. mean intensities of up to 16.2 larvae and 2.1 nymphs were found on peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), with an overall prevalence of infestation up to 92%. adult i. dammini (101.6 +/- 77.63) (mean +/- sd) were found on 8 white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman). the seasonal pattern of recovery of ticks from hosts and th ...	1992	1460617
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) from ixodes scapularis and dermacentor albipictus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in oklahoma.	borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from ixodes scapularis say and dermacentor albipictus packard that were removed as partially fed adults from white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, in oklahoma. isolation in media was accomplished only after homogenates of pooled field-collected ticks were inoculated into laboratory-reared peromyscus leucopus and reisolated from the urinary bladder into bsk ii media. both isolates were confirmed by western blot analysis and reactivity with monoclo ...	1992	1495072
new host of ixodes dentatus (acari: ixodidae), and first record in tennessee.	two specimens of ixodes dentatus marx were found in southwestern tennessee in shelby county during a 14-mo tick survey. this was the first record for this tick in tennessee. an adult female was found on a dry ice trap and one larva was found on a live-trapped peromyscus leucopus, the first time this tick has been reported from p. leucopus. this may be another combination of vector and host in the ecology and transmission of b. burgdorferi in the wild.	1992	1495084
third-year evaluation of host-targeted permethrin for the control of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern connecticut.	the impact of commercially available permethrin-treated cotton balls targeted at ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, was evaluated for a third year at five residential sites in south-central connecticut. each site had been treated twice each year from 1989 through 1991 with sufficient product to treat 0.4 ha of mouse habitat, and results were compared with five untreated sites. there were no significant differences in the number of host- ...	1992	1495085
urinary proteins in four rodent species.	1. mean urinary protein concentration levels are significantly higher in male peromyscus leucopus than females (98.4 and 72.4 mg/dl). 2. only females showed a significant correlation between weight and urinary protein concentration (r = 0.75 vs r = 0.03). 3. in intraspecific sexual electrophoretic comparisons of p. leucopus and p. maniculatus non-denatured urinary protein, four and two common bands were identified, respectively. males of both species showed an extra protein band. 4. four common ...	1992	1499268
borrelia burgdorferi infection in white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) in hemlock (tsuga canadensis) habitat in western pennsylvania.	white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were captured and their tissues sampled from 27 sites in seven counties of western pennsylvania in 1990 for isolation and identification of borrelia burgdorferi. two hundred sixty mice were captured from which there were 27 isolations. significantly more mice were captured and significantly more isolations made from hemlock (tsuga canadensis) habitat than from deciduous species forest. hemlock habitat is sparse and focal but evidently increases winter surv ...	1992	1512867
intragenomic movement and concerted evolution of satellite dna in peromyscus: evidence from in situ hybridization.	four dna probes isolated from peromyscus leucopus were used to examine intra- and interspecific variation in the chromosomal location of satellite dna in the genus peromyscus. all four probes hybridized to the centromeric regions of all chromosomes in all species of peromyscus examined but did not hybridize to the majority of heterochromatic regions in closely related non-peromyscus species. one probe contains a nonsatellite repetitive sequence. the implications of these data to the evolution of ...	1992	1582258
cross-transmission studies with eimeria arizonensis-like oocysts (apicomplexa) in new world rodents of the genera baiomys, neotoma, onychomys, peromyscus, and reithrodontomys (muridae).	cross-transmission experiments were performed using oocysts of an eimeria arizonensis-like coccidian from peromyscus leucopus and peromyscus truei, an e. arizonensis-like coccidian from reithrodontomys fulvescens, eimeria baiomysis and eimeria taylori from baiomys taylori, eimeria albigulae from neotoma albigula, and eimeria onychomysis from onychomys spp., between representatives of the above host genera. the e. arizonensis-like coccidian from r. fulvescens infected reithrodontomys megalotis, r ...	1992	1597781
survival and reproduction in peromyscus leucopus in the laboratory: viable model for aging studies.	white-footed mice peromyscus leucopus reared in our laboratory from wild-caught parents lived at least to 5.5 years. once past weaning, over 80% of the mice lived at least until two years. females maintained a constant weight whereas the weight of males increased until four years and decreased thereafter. at four-years of age both sexes bred successfully with mates of the same age, but had lower success with younger mice. some males and females reproduced at five years of age.	1992	1601572
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from peromyscus leucopus in oklahoma.	borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a field-caught peromyscus leucopus from central oklahoma (usa). the strain was identified as b. burgdorferi by reaction with monoclonal antibody h5332 specific for the outer surface protein ospa of b. burgdorferi. this represents the first isolation of b. burgdorferi from a wild mouse outside of the normal range of the known vectors ixodes dammini and i. pacificus.	1992	1602581
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in rodents in the eastern and southern united states.	serologic studies were conducted to determine whether white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) contained serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected antibodies to this spirochete in 35.7 and 27.3% of 56 p. leucopus and 535 p. gossypinus serum samples, respectively, collected in connecticut, north carolina, south carolina, georgia, florida, alabama, and mississippi. antibody t ...	1992	1624561
studies on the biology of ixodes dammini in the upper midwest of the united states.	the seasonal activity pattern of ixodes dammini was monitored in south-central wisconsin in 1989 and 1990. immature tick activity and abundance were assessed by small mammal trapping (732 peromyscus leucopus examined) and supplemented with flagging. tick survival and molting times were evaluated by maintaining ticks in environmental chambers at field sites. results indicate the biology of i. dammini in the upper midwest is similar to that previously reported from the eastern united states. one n ...	1992	1626896
demonstration of a b-lymphocyte mitogen produced by the lyme disease pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi.	lyme disease refers to the multisymptomatic illness in humans which results from infection with the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. the white-footed mouse is the major reservoir for b. burgdorferi and, upon infection, certain inbred mice develop symptoms similar to those reported in human disease. sonicated preparations of washed spirochetes were found to have potent mitogenic activity when cultured with lymphocytes from naive c57bl/6, c3h/hej, or balb/c mice. the activity of the b. ...	1992	1730476
parasitic arthropods of sympatric meadow voles and white-footed mice at fort detrick, maryland.	twelve species of parasitic arthropods (one sucking louse, two fleas, one tick, and eight mites) were recovered from 51 meadow voles, microtus pennsylvanicus (ord); whereas nine species (one sucking louse, one bot, three fleas, one tick, and three mites) were collected from 48 white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), live-trapped on the grounds of fort detrick, frederick county, md., during 1990 and 1991. the most commonly collected arthropods from m. pennsylvanicus were the fur mite ...	1992	1404254
correlations between serum corticosterone concentration and reproductive conditions in the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis).	1. adrenal size and activity in reproductively inhibited young born into laboratory populations of the white-footed mouse were examined. measurements were made of body weight, reproductive organ weight and adrenal weight. serum corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay. 2. data from reproductively inhibited animals were compared with corresponding values from reproductively capable animals of the same sex. the mean paired testis and seminal vesicle, or paired ovary and uterus, weights, wer ...	1992	1359938
optimum brood size: tests of alternative hypotheses.	the most productive litter size (five) was not as common as expected in a free-living population of white-footed mice. i evaluated four competing hypotheses that can explain this pattern. reproductive costs and annual variation in recruitment appear to be insufficient explanations for the empirical distribution of litter size. optimal investment of reproductive resources that vary among parents is supported by some tests, but not by all. the abundance of litters less than the apparent optimum is ...	1992	28567753
field studies on lyme disease in north america.	the primary tick vector of borrelia burgdorferi in eastern and central north america is ixodes dammini; in western north america, ixodes pacificus. searching for the appropriate vector is the first step in determining whether a region is endemic and enzootic for the spirochete b burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, followed by examination of the ticks (questing or already attached to hosts) and wildlife for the spirochete. questing ticks can be collected through a variety of metho ...	1991	22529709
babesia microti, human babesiosis, and borrelia burgdorferi in connecticut.	babesia microti was isolated from a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) that was captured in southeastern connecticut in 1988, when the first human case of babesiosis acquired in connecticut was recognized. to date, 13 cases of babesiosis have been reported in connecticut, the largest number of human cases reported on the mainland united states. two of nine patients quiried remembered a prior tick bite. since babesia parasites are known to be vectored only by ticks, we surmise that 12 of th ...	1991	1757548
spatial and temporal dispersion of immature ixodes dammini on peromyscus leucopus in northwestern illinois.	infestation by immature ixodes dammini and infection by borrelia burgdorferi of the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus were studied in castle rock state park in northwestern illinois during june-october 1990. prevalence and intensity of infestation of larvae on mice were highest in august with a smaller peak in early june. the distribution of larvae on mice was highly aggregated during each of the sampling periods. aggregation appears to be the result of a series of nonrandom successful atta ...	1991	1779300
borrelia burgdorferi: another cause of foodborne illness?	borrelia burgdorferi was identified as the etiological agent of lyme disease in 1982. this gram-negative spirochete is classified in the order spirochaetales and the family spirochaetaceae. the pathogen is fastidious, microaerophilic, mesophilic and metabolises glucose through the embden-meyerhof pathway. a generation time of 11 to 12 h at 37 degrees c in barbour-stoenner-kelly medium has been reported. lyme disease, named after lyme in connecticut, is distributed globally. it is the most common ...	1991	1790102
absence of transplacental transmission of lyme disease spirochetes from reservoir mice (peromyscus leucopus) to their offspring.	lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) are naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle mainly by vector ticks (ixodes dammini) infesting white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). suggestions that mice may become infected without exposure to ticks prompted a study to evaluate whether mice could transmit spirochetes transplacentally to their offspring. mice were live-captured in two massachusetts sites where lyme disease spirochetes are intensely enzootic. pregnant females were housed separa ...	1991	1869842
characteristics of a genetic polymorphism for reproductive photoresponsiveness in the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus).	wild populations of peromyscus are often composed of individuals that vary greatly in their reproductive response to photoperiod. a population of white-footed mice (p. leucopus) from michigan (43 degrees n) was subjected to mass selection in the laboratory both for and against reproductive photoresponsiveness for four generations. the first generation of selection yielded one line of mice in which about 80% of the individuals were classified as reproductively photoresponsive (i.e., with undevelo ...	1991	1873393
sporocysts isolated from the southern copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) produce sarcocystis montanaensis-like sarcocysts in prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster).	sporulated oocysts and free sporocysts of a sarcocystis sp. were isolated from the feces of a southern copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) collected in arkansas (usa). twenty sporocysts measured 11.2 by 8.5 microns, lacked a stieda body, and had four sporozoites and a granular sporocyst residuum. sarcocysts similar to those of sarcocystis montanaensis were present in the tongues of prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) inoculated orally with 800 sporocysts 128 days previously. sarcocys ...	1991	1902524
evaluation of host-targeted acaricide for reducing risk of lyme disease in southern new york state.	a 2-yr evaluation of a commercial product designed to reduce the risk of lyme disease by delivering permethrin-treated cotton to white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) was conducted at three sites in westchester county, n.y., an area where lyme disease is endemic. we examined the numbers of host-seeking nymphal ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin, the numbers of larval i. dammini infesting mice, and the proportion of nymphs infected with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent ...	1991	1941916
effectiveness of host-targeted permethrin in the control of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae)	tubes of commercially available permethrin-treated cotton balls were distributed twice each year in 1989 and 1990 at five sites in a lyme disease endemic area in connecticut. five additional sites were not treated. at each application, 48 tubes, sufficient to treat 0.4 ha, were dispersed at 10-m intervals through woodlands, around ornamental plantings, and along rockwalls. the cotton was collected by white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) from the majority of the tubes, which resulted in a decr ...	1991	1941927
effectiveness of selected granular acaricide formulations in suppressing populations of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae): short-term control of nymphs and larvae.	applications of selected granular acaricide formulations to the shrub layer of forested habitats during the peak activity periods of ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin nymphs and larvae significantly reduced the abundance of these stages on peromyscus leucopus. the granules effectively penetrated growing vegetation and suppressed populations of subadult ticks questing in the leaf litter. the use of granular acaricide formulations provides the only documented method of control of ...	1991	1941929
borrelia burgdorferi in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from coastal virginia.	ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during march-november 1987 at sites in coastal virginia and north carolina were examined for borrelia burgdorferi. b. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) ixodes cookei packard removed from rice rats (oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor); four (6%) amblyomma americanum (l.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) dermacentor variabilis (say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. b. burgdorf ...	1991	1941936
efficacy of a permethrin-based acaricide to reduce the abundance of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae).	permethrin-impregnated cotton was distributed to reduce abundance of immature ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin feeding upon white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and questing on vegetation at a private resort site (the crane reservation of the trustees of reservations in ipswich, mass.) located in coastal new england. this test constituted the first independent evaluation of the efficacy of this commercial product (damminix). over a 3-yr period, 2,000 applicator tubes contai ...	1991	1941940
apparent incompetence of dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) as vectors of borrelia burgdorferi in an ixodes dammini endemic area of ontario, canada.	from april to october 1990, white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were examined for ectoparasites on long point, ontario, the only endemic area for ixodes dammini clifford, spielman, piesman & corwin and borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner known in canada. larval and nymphal i. dammini and dermacentor variabilis (packard), and adult fleas orchopeas leucopus (baker), epitedia wenmanni (rothschild), and ctenophthalamus pseudagrytes baker were common on ...	1991	1941949
lyme borreliosis: a relapsing fever-like disease?	to determine by xenodiagnosis length and concentrations of spirochetemias produced by borrelia burgdorferi in white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), laboratory reared mice were inoculated with either spirochete-containing tick suspensions or bsk ii spirochete culture and were exposed for as long as three months to larval ixodes dammini. upon development to the nymphal stage, ticks were evaluated for spirochetal infections by direct immunofluorescence. all mice were found to circulate spirochet ...	1991	1947807
factors influencing the antigenic reactivity of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete.	the immunologic reactivity of some antigens of low passage borrelia burgdorferi varied with the temperature at which it was cultivated in vitro, with long-term cultivation in vitro, and following passage in white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus. the low passaged uncloned strain sh-2-82 had either more antigens or antigens which were more immunoreactive when grown at various temperatures from 28-39 degrees c. the influence of temperatures was less evident, however with a higher passage of the sa ...	1991	1947819
small mammals as monitors of environmental contaminants.	the merit of using small mammals as monitors of environmental contaminants was assessed using data from the published literature. information was located on 35 species of small mammals from 7 families used to monitor heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic chemicals at mine sites, industrial areas, hazardous and radioactive waste disposal sites, and agricultural and forested land. to document foodchain transfer of chemicals, concentrations in soil, vegetation, and invertebrates, where available ...	1991	1992495
antibody to a 39-kilodalton borrelia burgdorferi antigen (p39) as a marker for infection in experimentally and naturally inoculated animals.	borrelia burgdorferi expresses a conserved, species-specific 39-kda protein (p39) that can stimulate antibodies during human infection. to confirm that anti-p39 antibodies are produced consistently in animals exposed to infectious spirochetes, white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, and laboratory white mice, mus musculus (strain balb/c), were experimentally inoculated with either infectious or noninfectious b. burgdorferi and the antibody response to p39 was determined by immunoblot at 21 days ...	1991	2007630
survey for ixodes spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern wisconsin and northeastern illinois.	forested areas adjacent to milwaukee, wis., and chicago, ill., were investigated for rodents and ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus or peromyscus maniculatus), meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) were captured; and specimens from these animals were cultured for b. burgdorferi to define whether the midwestern lyme disease area currently encompasses these large metropolita ...	1991	2007650
parasitic and phoretic arthropods of sylvatic and commensal white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) in central tennessee, with notes on lyme disease.	sixteen species of parasitic or phoretic arthropods were collected from 56 white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, live-trapped in central tennessee from april through november 1987. arthropod infestation was compared for mice taken from sylvatic (woodland) versus commensal (household) habitats. three species were recorded from hosts in both habitats: the sucking louse hoplopleura hesperomydis, the flea epitedia wenmanni, and the laelapid mite androlaelaps casalis. twelve of the 13 remaining art ...	1991	2010854
differential detachment from resting hosts of replete larval and nymphal ixodes ticks.	to determine whether replete subadult ixodes ticks detach more frequently from resting than from active hosts, diverse rodents and lizards were caged in an apparatus designed to record the ticks' sites of detachment relative to the resting site of the host. replete larval ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini accumulated mainly beneath the resting places of the mice (apodemus agrarius and peromyscus leucopus) most frequently parasitized in nature. although nymphal i. ricinus similarly detached where ...	1991	2040945
transmembrane domain length variation in the evolution of major histocompatibility complex class i genes.	the fifth exons of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes encode a transmembrane domain (tm) that is largely responsible for class i antigen cell-surface expression usually through conventional hydrophobic amino acid-membrane interactions or, less often, through phosphatidylinositol linkage. in this report we show that peromyscus leucopus, a cricetidae rodent, has mhc class i genes (pele-a genes) encoding three distinct sizes of tms. increases in tm lengths were due to tandem dupli ...	1991	2052550
genetic variation for seasonal adaptation in peromyscus leucopus: nonreciprocal breakdown in a population cross.	the genetic basis for adaptations to the diverse environments encountered by a wide-ranging species should be reflected in the phenotypes of hybrids between differentiated populations. we crossed mice from two ecologically different populations to determine whether adaptations to seasonality in peromyscus leucopus, the white-footed mouse, display directional dominance or whether they are affected by specific interactions between genes. connecticut mice (c) have many adaptations to seasonality th ...	1991	2061592
primary immune responses of selected small mammal species to heterologous erythrocytes.	1. we surveyed the primary humoral immune responsiveness of six small mammal species (peromyscus leucopus, microtus pinetorum, perognathus hispidus, neotoma floridana, onychomys leucogaster, mus musculus) collected from wild populations in central oklahoma using sheep red blood cells (srbc) as the immunogen and a splenic plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay. 2. individuals within each wild species examined produced antibodies to a single intraperitoneal injection of srbc, however, considerable inters ...	1991	1682088
experimental infection of the white-footed mouse with borrelia burgdorferi.	laboratory raised white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were inoculated experimentally with live spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi), the etiologic agent of lyme disease (borreliosis). prior to inoculation, mouse sera were tested with an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and all mice were seronegative. all inoculated mice seroconverted. in tick transmission studies, immature stages of ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis attached and fed to repletion on mice, but only i dammini transferr ...	1990	2085225
the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of the male djungarian hamster: distribution from the olfactory tubercle to the medial basal hypothalamus.	the neuroanatomical distribution and morphology of neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) in the brain of the postpubertal male djungarian hamster was studied using light microscopic immunocytochemistry. analysis of every section from the rostral olfactory tubercle to the medial basal hypothalamus indicate 356 +/- 37 immunoreactive gnrh perikarya per brain (mean +/- se; n = 4 brains). over 90% of gnrh cell bodies were found in 6 brain regions; the largest number of somata wer ...	1990	2106100
an ecotoxicological study of a population of the white footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting a polychlorinated biphenyls-contaminated area.	white footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting an area surrounding a pond (tyler) contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and metals (cadmium, zinc, copper) had whole body burdens of 0.42-4.17 ppm pcbs (mean 2.3 ppm) and animals from a comparison nonpolluted site (wcc) had no detectable pcbs. males and females caught at the polluted site in the winter months were not significantly different in body weight or length when compared to wcc animals, but tyler animals had significantly ...	1990	2108618
consumption and mortality of the white-footed mouse (rodentia: muridae) and ord's kangaroo rat (rodentia: heteromyidae) when fed carbaryl-bran grasshopper (orthoptera) bait.	two species of wild rodents (ord's kangaroo rat, dipodomys ordii woodhouse, and the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus rafinesque) were fed 0, 2, and 20% (ai) by weight concentrations of carbaryl-bran grasshopper bait in the laboratory to determine whether the bait would be consumed, the total quantity of bait consumed within a specified period, whether mortality would occur, and whether bait would be consumed if other foods were readily available. consumption tests showed that bait ingesti ...	1990	2126269
microgeographic distribution of immature ixodes dammini ticks correlated with that of deer.	in order to determine whether the small-scale distribution of immature ixodes dammini spielman et al. corresponds closely to the activity patterns of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), these relationships were examined in a site on long island, new york, u.s.a. we first determined the extent and temporal pattern of adult ticks feeding on deer by examining twenty-three resident deer tranquilized during september-december 1985. i. dammini adults infested deer throughout this fa ...	1990	2132979
melatonin receptors and signal transduction in melatonin-sensitive and melatonin-insensitive populations of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus).	the pineal hormone melatonin times seasonal alterations in reproductive function in photoperiodic mammals. in white-footed mice, there is variation in responsiveness to the reproductive effects of melatonin between populations originating in different locations; mice from connecticut (ct) respond normally to melatonin, while mice from georgia (ga) appear insensitive to melatonin. in the present paper, we compare melatonin receptor distribution and a second messenger response to melatonin in whit ...	1990	2154292
the effects of intermittent dietary restriction on weight gain and body fat in white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	the effects of repeated food restriction-refeeding cycles were investigated in second generation captive peromyscus leucopus. mice were maintained on 50% of their individual predetermined ad lib diet for 5 days followed by 10 days of refeeding ad lib. cycles were repeated 3 times. when compared with controls maintained ad lib for the same time period, no significant differences in final weight or fat content were observed. restricted-refed mice were, however, observed to both lose and regain wei ...	1990	2255723
major histocompatibility complex class i genes of peromyscus leucopus.	class i genes of the peromyscus leucopus major histocompatibility complex (mhcpele) were examined by southern blot hybridization, genomic cloning, and dna sequencing. at least three distinct subtypes of pele class i genes were discerned, which we have designated pele-a, b, and c. the nucleotide sequences of exon 5-containing regions (encoding the transmembrane domain) suggested that pele-a genes are homologs of mouse h-2k, d, l, and q genes and that pele-b genes correspond to mouse tla genes. th ...	1990	2272658
inbreeding depression in insular and central populations of peromyscus mice.	we tested the hypothesis that small, isolated populations would show less depression in fitness when inbred than would large, central populations. laboratory stocks of peromyscus leucopus and p. polionotus were established from insular, peninsular, and central populations. the isolated populations had one-third to one-half the genic diversity of central populations. responses to inbreeding were highly varied: some populations had smaller litters, others experienced higher mortality, some showed ...	1990	2273239
borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti: efficiency of transmission from reservoirs to vector ticks (ixodes dammini).	in endemic regions, peromyscus leucopus, the mouse reservoir of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the piroplasm causing human babesiosis (babesia microti), is nearly universally infected with both agents. paradoxically, spirochetal infection is nearly twice as prevalent as is babesial infection in populations of field-collected nymphal ixodes dammini, the tick vector. in the laboratory, a similarly disproportionate rate of infection was observed among nymphal ticks, feeding ...	1990	2295326
systemic disease in peromyscus leucopus associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection.	sixteen wild peromyscus leucopus, trapped for the establishment of a breeding colony, developed signs of neurological damage (trembling, incoordination, circling, head tilt, and lameness of the rear legs) 2-47 days after capture in southern wisconsin. spirochetes were cultured from the brain of 5/11 mice, and borrelia burgdorferi was cultured from 1 brain. a spirochete was isolated from the bladder of 1 mouse. the spirochete was identified by fluorescent antibody staining with the monoclonal ant ...	1990	2316794
new host and locality record for trypanosoma peromysci.	trypanosoma peromysci watson, 1912 (sarcomastigophora: kinetoplastida), is described from a new host and locality. one of 20 (5.0%) peromyscus leucopus collected from pottawatomie and riley counties in kansas was found to harbor the parasite. morphometric and statistical analysis confirmed the trypanosome to be indistinguishable from t. peromysci, the only difference being a greater mean flagellar length than reported previously. this is the first reported occurrence of t. peromysci in the white ...	1990	2319433
analysis of supercoiled circular plasmids in infectious and non-infectious borrelia burgdorferi.	linear plasmids are widely distributed in isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, but the prevalence of supercoiled circular (sc) plasmids has not been clearly established. enriching for sc plasmids on ethidium bromide density-gradients revealed that a low passage of strain sh-2-82 of b. burgdorferi has at least six sc plasmids (8.4, 8.8, 20, 26, 29 and 51 kb). in addition, several of the sc plasmids were observed by electron microscopy to form concatenated structures. because of the high incidence of ...	1990	2348778
intrinsic competence of three ixodid ticks (acari) as vectors of the lyme disease spirochete.	we compared the intrinsic vector competence of ixodes dammini spielman et al., dermacentor variabilis (say), and amblyomma americanum (l.) for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) on prudence island, rhode island, a lyme disease-endemic site where all three ticks occur together. natural and experimental spirochete infection rates were determined in those ticks and their degree of contact with white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), the principal reservoir host, was ...	1990	2388239
the role of medium-sized mammals as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi in southern new york.	the ability of raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) to serve as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, was compared with that of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). twenty-eight (28) medium-sized mammals and 34 white-footed mice were captured in westchester county, new york (usa) in summer 1986. animals were caged over pans of water for 1 to 2 days to recover engorged tick larvae (ixodes dammini) ...	1990	2388356
effects of acute cold exposure at night on pineal n-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	1. pineal n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity in long-day white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) exposed to cold soon after onset of darkness was depressed relative to controls, whereas mice exposed to cold later at night had slightly elevated enzyme activity. 2. nat activity in short-day mice exposed to cold soon after lights off did not differ from controls. pineal melatonin in these mice, however, did not rise, as it did in controls. 3. these results suggest that acute cold exposure may modul ...	1990	1970523
retrotransposon mys is concentrated on the sex chromosomes: implications for copy number containment.	chromosomal distribution of the mys retrotransposon was examined by in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe. thirty-six mice from four species of the peromyscus leucopus/maniculatus complex were examined. mys hybridized to every chromosome in all individuals examined. however, the pattern of hybridization was nonrandom. mys elements were excluded from c-banding regions of the autosomes, and hybridized preferentially to g-bands. the most prominent feature of these hybridizations was the p ...	1990	28564430
the scale of demographic heterogeneity in a population of peromyscus leucopus.	the patterns of spatial heterogeneity in density and demography were studied in a population of peromyscus leucopus inhabiting a deciduous forest in west-central indiana. a series of 9 live-trapping grids sampled densities from 3 spatial scales: 3 ha, 80 ha and 350 km2. we found high levels of variation within all three spatial scales. there was as much variation within a single, large grid as within the entire sugar creek valley (350 km2). the patterns of density variation were not temporally s ...	1990	28313143
molecular characterization of sylvatic isolates of trichinella spiralis.	genetic relationships of 20 trichinella isolates from indiana wildlife were assessed and compared to trichinella isolated from an infected swine herd. trichinella larvae were isolated from coyotes, mink, raccoons, and red foxes. the larvae were maintained and amplified in white mice (icr) and wild mice (peromyscus leucopus). differences in phenotypic characters of sylvatic isolates in the 2 laboratory hosts included an approximately 10-30-fold increase in parasite fecundity in wild mice. dna for ...	1989	2542508
polymorphism in the major histocompatibility complex class ii genes of peromyscus leucopus.		1989	2570749
geographic differences for delay of sexual maturation in peromyscus leucopus: effects of photoperiod, pinealectomy, and melatonin.	effects of short-day photoperiod, pinealectomy, and melatonin on sexual maturation were tested in peromyscus leucopus from either connecticut (ct) or georgia (ga). laboratory reared-stocks from ct and ga were exposed to short daylength (photoperiod) from birth or 25 days of age. at 12 wk of age, delay in sexual maturation was indicated in most ct mice by decreased testis length, combined testes weight, and seminal vesicle weight. conversely, ga animals did not delay sexual maturation when expose ...	1989	2624861
efficacy of the urinary bladder for isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected, wild peromyscus leucopus.	the efficacy of culturing urinary bladder tissue for borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected, wild peromyscus leucopus mice was determined. the urinary bladder cultures were as efficient as spleen, kidney, and blood tissue cultures. the rapid b. burgdorferi isolation (mean, 6 days) from mouse urinary bladders should aid in defining new lyme disease foci.	1989	2656749
ecology of lyme disease.	borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted from wild animals to humans by the bite of ixodes dammini. this tick is common in many areas of southern connecticut where it parasitizes three different host animals during its two-year life cycle. larval and nymphal ticks have parasitized 31 different species of mammals and 49 species of birds. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) appear to be crucial hosts for adult ticks. all three feeding stages of the tick parasitize humans, though most infections ...	1989	2667888
white-footed mice: tick burdens and role in the epizootiology of potomac horse fever in maryland.	one hundred ten white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were captured on horse farms in south-central maryland, examined for ticks, and tested for specific antibodies to ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of potomac horse fever. peromyscus leucopus were consistently infested with immature american dog ticks (dermacentor variabilis), with monthly prevalences as high as 80%. sera from all 97 p. leucopus tested for antibodies to e. risticii were negative. this indicates that p. leucopus is not ...	1989	2668569
differential distribution of immature ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) on rodent hosts.	ectoparasites such as ixodid ticks that remain attached to hosts for several days while feeding on blood are able to overcome the inflammatory and immune responses of some hosts and not others. the immature stages of the deer tick ixodes dammini are found more frequently on the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, than on other rodents. we propose that p. leucopus is more tolerant to i. dammini than is a less common host, the meadow vole, microtus pennsylvanicus. to test this hypothesis, the ...	1989	2693676
isospora peromysci davis, 1967 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) in peromyscus leucopus and p. maniculatus (rodentia: cricetidae) from texas.	oocysts of isospora peromysci (davis, 1967) (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) were recovered from the feces of 1/30 (3.3%) white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, in johnson county, texas. this report represents a new host and geographic record for the parasite. the coccidium was also found in 1/20 (5.0%) deer mice, p. maniculatus, from the same locale. morphological data are provided on the sporulated oocyst of i. peromysci and comparisons are made with previously published information on the species f ...	1989	2724183
habitat distribution of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) an lyme disease spirochetes on fire island, new york.	the distributions of ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman, and corwin and lyme disease spirochetes were studied on fire island, n.y. adult ticks were more common in high-shrub habitats (shrubby vegetation greater than or equal to 1 m high) than in grassy and lowshrub habitats (vegetation less than 1 m) in spring and fall. in the fall, adults were also common in the woods. adults were more abundant on narrow trails than in nearby vegetation. during the summer, questing nymphs and larvae wer ...	1989	2724316
ear punch biopsy method for detection and isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents.	an ear punch biopsy method for the detection and isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents was developed. the ear punch biopsy proved to be extremely sensitive, detecting spirochetes in 100% (11 of 11) of laboratory hamsters infected by tick bite and 95.8% (23 of 24) of hamsters infected by intraperitoneal inoculation. when cultured at 4 to 6 weeks postinfection, 92 to 100% of the ear punches taken from individual hamsters yielded viable spirochetes. b. burgdorferi was detected in sequentia ...	1989	2768461
comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the authors compared the contribution of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), chipmunks (tamias striatus), and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) to infection of vector ticks with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgddorferi. at one massachusetts location where lyme disease is endemic, all three species of rodents were found to be infected. prevalence of infection, however, varied from 90% for mice, and 75% for chipmunks to just 5.5% for meadow voles. infectivity of these hosts for ...	1989	2787105
host genetics as a cause of overdispersion of parasites among hosts: how general a phenomenon?	in the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, the tapeworm hymenolepis citelli occurs at low (2-3%) prevalence in the field. we found that mature infections (i.e., with egg production) developed in up to 100% of hosts. in the laboratory, a majority of hosts lost their infection by 28 days postintubation. in wild mice infected in the laboratory and returned to the field, infections were more prolonged, with half of the mice still infected at 100 days postintubation. a majority of previously inf ...	1989	2795375
antibody response in white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) experimentally infected with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), the primary reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi in the northern midwest and northeastern united states, were experimentally inoculated with an infectious strain or a noninfectious strain of the lyme disease spirochete and examined for their specific antibody response with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot (immunoblot) analysis. immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies were detected in mice 1 to 2 days after inoculation wit ...	1989	2807530
incompetence of catbirds as reservoirs for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	we compared the relative infectivity to vector ticks of gray catbirds (dumetella carolinensis) and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). of 28 catbirds captured in a site enzootic for this agent, 18 were infested by immature ixodes dammini, the tick vector. by comparison, each of 32 mice sampled concurrently from the same site was infested, and by about 10 times as many ticks as were found infesting the 3 most commonly netted bird species ...	1989	2918445
melatonin acts in the brain to mediate seasonal steroid inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus).	a melatonin-induced supersensitivity of the gonadotropin-secretory system to the negative feedback action of sex steroids is thought to be important to the timing of seasonal reproduction. however, little is known concerning this action of melatonin. in the present study the antigonadal action of melatonin in the anterior hypothalamus (ah) of the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, was used to examine the neuroendocrine mechanism whereby melatonin enhances the sensitivity to sex steroid neg ...	1988	2969112