Publications

cloacal evaporation: an important and previously undescribed mechanism for avian thermoregulation.	we present the first experimental evidence that a bird is capable of evaporating enough water from the cloaca to be important for thermoregulation. we measured rates of evaporation occurring from the mouth, the skin, and the cloaca of inca doves columbina inca lesson and eurasian quail coturnix coturnix linnaeus. inca doves showed no significant increase in cutaneous evaporation in response to curtailment of buccopharyngeal evaporation. cloacal evaporation in doves was negligible at ambient temp ...	2007	17297135
two distinct aquaporin-4 cdnas isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney.	water deprivation or arginine vasotocin upregulates aquaporin-2 (aqp2) expression in apical and subapical regions of medullary collecting duct (cd) cells of coturnix coturnix quail (q) kidneys. we therefore aimed to determine whether the cd has aqps mediating water exit from the intracellular to the extracellular (interstitial) space. using a homologue cloning technique, we isolated two distinct qaqp4 cdnas from quail medullary cones; long (l, open reading frames) and short (s) cdna encoded 335 ...	2007	17303458
nitric oxide modulates gonadal and adrenal function in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	nitric oxide (no) a gaseous neurotransmitter is reported to play an important role in controlling the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) in mammalian system. but its role has not been investigated in birds, where photoperiod plays an important role in regulating gonadal development. to investigate the effect of no on gonadal and adrenal function of japanese quail, in the first experiment, 3-weeks-old sexually immature quail received no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp, 5mg/10 ...	2007	17353014
pathobiology of h9n2 avian influenza virus in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	clinical signs, serologic response, viral contents of the trachea and intestine, and histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the tracheal epithelium of japanese quail experimentally infected with field isolate of h9n2 avian influenza were studied. vaccinated and unvaccinated quail were inoculated with 10(6.3) 50% embryo infectious dose/bird of a/ chicken/iran/sh-110/99 (h9n2) virus via nasal inoculation. clinical signs such as depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and nasal and eye di ...	2007	17494591
coronavirus associated with an enteric syndrome on a quail farm.	an enteric syndrome was observed in quail (coturnix coturnix) semi-intensively reared for restocking in apulia (southern italy). the birds showed depression, severe diarrhoea, dehydration and reduced growth. mortality occurred particularly in young birds. at necropsy the prominent lesion was enteritis. a coronavirus was detected by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the faeces and in the intestinal content of the dead quails. the virus could not be cultiva ...	2007	17497340
hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance and various processing parameters of quails and to determine the preventive efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (hscas). one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quails of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 5 replicates and 45 birds following weighing. the experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments: 1) control with 0 mg af/kg of diet and 0% ...	2007	17724933
dietary tomato powder supplementation in the prevention of leiomyoma of the oviduct in the japanese quail.	spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), which makes it a good animal model for screening potential agents for testing in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. we have previously reported a decreased incidence of leiomyomas in the oviduct of japanese quail with lycopene supplementation. although the major carotenoid in tomatoes is lycopene, tomatoes also contain other compounds, which may contribute to their health b ...	2007	17927504
pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1.	three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ...	2007	17992930
influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails.	the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles (ag-nano) on microbial profile of caecum and morphology of enterocytes in duodenum of japanese quail, as a model animal for poultry. quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) (10 d old) were randomly divided into four groups (15 quails each) and located into four cages for 12 days. quails were fed with granulated diets given ad libitum and had free access to drinking water. ag-nano were added to drinki ...	2007	18069616
effect of dietary vitamin e on the cloacal gland, foam and semen characteristics of male japanese quail.	this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing the level of dietary vitamin e (vit. e) on cloacal gland size, foam production and semen characteristics of male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). one hundred and eighty male japanese quail chicks (day old) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments for a period of 25 weeks. each treatment comprised of three replicates each containing 20 chicks. the basal diet contained 15 iu vit. e/kg and the two experimental die ...	2007	16959309
immunosenescence and age-related susceptibility to influenza virus in japanese quail.	we evaluated juvenile, pubescent, reproductive adult, and aged japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) to determine if there were age-related differences in immune function with the hypothesis that aged birds would have weaker immune responses. immune responses were measured using phytohemagglutinin (pha) skin test, antibody response to foreign red blood cells and exposure to an h9n2 influenza virus. adult birds consistently had stronger immune responses than young and aged birds. aged quail ...	2007	17045650
full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens.	reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ...	2007	17098316
relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of male japanese quail.	an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). for this study, three lines of healthy adult male japanese quails (<12 weeks) viz., heavy body weight (hb), white breasted (wb), and white egg shell (wes) were taken. they were housed in individual cages under uniform husbandry conditions and were provided with normal quail breeder ration and water ad libitum, with 14 ...	2007	16448791
lack of effects of atrazine on estrogen-responsive organs and circulating hormone concentrations in sexually immature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. the present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm (approximately 109 mg kg-1 per day) or systemically via daily subcutaneous injections (1 and 10 mg kg-1) or silastic implants. atrazine did not cause overt toxicity i ...	2006	16516945
occurrence of yeasts in cloacae of migratory birds.	several species of yeast have been reported as pathogens in humans based on increases in immunodeficiency syndromes and as a result of immunosuppressant chemotherapy in cancer treatment. domestic and wild birds are known to act as carriers of human pathogenic fungi. to gain additional information on the yeasts present in the cloacae of some species of migratory birds, 421 wild birds (24.39% out of 1726 birds caught in romania, hungary and bulgaria) were sampled with the permission of the local j ...	2006	16552486
determination of carbendazim residues in the eggs, liver and pectoral muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the effect of carbendazim, a widely applied cereal seed dressing agent, was studied in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during an overall period of eight weeks, consisting of a four-week feeding phase and a subsequent four-week excretion period. body mass and feed consumption of the birds were monitored and residues of the active ingredient were determined by an analytical chemical method. during the eight-week study period, changes (either decrease or increase) directly attributable ...	2006	16613033
tissue tropism of a thailand strain of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (h5n1) in tissues of naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.).	the tropism of a thailand strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus was demonstrated on tissues (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, rectum, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, duodenum, and oviduct) from naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. in chickens and quail, the distribution and localization of nucleoprotein viral antigen was similar and detected at the ...	2006	16753617
body size related adaptations of the avian myocardial phospholipid fatty acyl chain composition.	the myocardial phospholipid fatty acid (fa) composition (mol %) of 7 avian species was determined, in a body mass range from 150 g (japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica) to 19 kg (turkey, meleagris gallopavo). significant allometric increases were found for c16:1 n7 (allometric exponent: b=0.15), c18:1 n7 (b=0.08), c18:1 n9 (b=0.24), c20:1 n9 (b=0.22) and c20:3 n3 (b=0.12); moreover, total monounsaturates (b=0.20) and the sum of n9 fas (b=0.24) was also positively related to body mass. the ...	2006	16765623
effects of feeding fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	one hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. the 2 groups were designated as controls (cx) and fumonisin-fed birds (fx) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. the birds in group cx were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group fx were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin b1 from fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. quail chicks in both groups we ...	2006	16830851
effects of fentin hydroxide on reproduction of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in a one-generation reproductive study, the fungicidal compound triphenyltin hydroxide (fentin) was administered to adult japanese quail for 6 weeks at dietary levels of 3 and 30 ppm. reproduction was significantly impaired in the high-dose group. the principal adverse finding was a marked increase in embryonic mortality, resulting in a lower hatch rate. furthermore, a reduction in egg production was observed with ongoing duration of treatment. most of the other reproduction-related parameters w ...	2006	16162336
a low degree of fatty acid unsaturation leads to high resistance to lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of different organs of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	birds -- particularly long-lived species -- have special adaptations for preventing tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species. the objective of the present study was to analyse the fatty acid composition and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and microsomes obtained from liver, heart and brain of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), a short-lived bird. fatty acids located in total lipids of rat liver, heart and brain mitochondria and microsomes were determined using gas chroma ...	2006	16317518
effect of temporal synergism of neural oscillations on photorefractoriness in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	circadian rhythms in many metabolic functions including neural (transmitters) and hormonal secretion appear to change with physiological condition. it is also reported that seasonal changes in photoperiodism/reproduction and other metabolic conditions may result from a temporal interaction of circadian neural oscillations that change seasonally. to test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to study the effect of temporal synergism of two neural oscillations (serotonin and dopamine) on ...	2006	16358267
spatial contrast sensitivity of birds.	contrast sensitivity (cs) is the ability of the observer to discriminate between adjacent stimuli on the basis of their differences in relative luminosity (contrast) rather than their absolute luminances. in previous studies, using a narrow range of species, birds have been reported to have low contrast detection thresholds relative to mammals and fishes. this was an unexpected finding because birds had been traditionally reported to have excellent visual acuity and color vision. this study repo ...	2006	16404602
isolation of avian influenza virus a subtype h5n1 from internal contents (albumen and allantoic fluid) of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and oviduct during a natural outbreak.	avian influenza virus (aiv) was recovered from the internal contents of eggs, including mixture of albumen and allantoic fluid, and from the oviduct of naturally infected japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) flocks in the southern part of thailand. the virus titers of 10(4.6)-10(6.2) eld(50)/ml were directly measured from the internal content of infected eggs. the virus was isolated by chorioallantoic sac inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs. infected allantoic fluid was identified as ...	2006	17135508
fish on avian lampbrush chromosomes produces higher resolution gene mapping.	giant lampbrush chromosomes, which are characteristic of the diplotene stage of prophase i during avian oogenesis, represent a very promising system for precise physical gene mapping. we applied 35 chicken bac and 4 pac clones to both mitotic metaphase chromosomes and meiotic lampbrush chromosomes of chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) mapping on lampbrush chromosomes allowed us to distinguish closely locat ...	2006	17028954
seasonal changes in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in relation to parathyroid structure of the grey quail, coturnix coturnix coturnix linnaeus.	plasma ca concentration (annual mean) in males coturnix cotumix coturnix was 10.27 +/- 0.14 mg/100 ml while it was slightly higher (11.85 +/- 0.15 mg/100 ml) among females. plasma pi levels (annual mean) in males and females were 5.62 +/- 0.12 mg/100 ml and 6.52 +/- 0.20 mg/100 ml, respectively. while the males did not exhibit marked fluctuation in plasma ca and pi levels either in winter or summer, the females did record significant elevation in the levels of both these electrolytes during bree ...	2006	16850889
carbamate poisoning. effects of selected carbamate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		2006	7276383
organophosphate poisoning. effects of selected organophosphate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		2006	7276382
study on genetic coadaptability of wild quail populations in china.	genetic coadaptability of wild japanese quail, wild common quail and domestic quail populations in china was studied using 7 microsatellite dna markers and monte carlo method to test genetic disequilibrium. the molecular effects of genetic coadaptability were analyzed through a new statistical model of neutral site. the results showed that genetic coadaptability dominated the genetic disequilibrium of the three quail populations, and totally 16.67%, 9.66% and 10.05% of non-allelic combinations w ...	2006	16704121
in situ end labeling of fragmented dna in induced ovarian atresia.	apoptosis is studied in a model of induced follicular atresia in the ovary of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by in situ end labeling of dna fragments in granulosa cells using two different techniques (incorporation of labeled nucleotides by dna polymerase i or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase). the most remarkable observation related to apoptosis in this model is the predominant cytoplasmic localization of labeled dna fragments, while dna fragmentation appears to be absent from ...	2006	7654330
gross morphological features of the lung and air sac in the japanese quail.	this study was conducted to reveal the morphological characteristics of the lung and air sacs in coturnix coturnix japonica (japanese quails). ten quails were allocated into two groups. tracheas of 5 quails with neoprene latex and 5 quails with methylmetacrylate were injected to fill the trachea and air sacs. latex embalmed animals were stored in 10% formaldehyde solution for two months. animals given methylmetacrylate were maserated in 30% potassium hydroxide at 40 degrees c for two days. lungs ...	2006	17019058
supplementation of the maternal diet with tomato powder and marigold extract: effects on the antioxidant system of the developing quail.	the effects of natural dietary carotenoid supplementation of the maternal diet (tomato powder and marigold extract) on transfer to the egg yolk and on the development of the antioxidant system of the young quail liver in early postnatal life were investigated. sixty japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were allocated to four treatment groups, each with three replicates consisting of four females and one male each. the quail were fed on one of four different diets for 23 d, each of them ba ...	2006	16641031
experimental evidence that corticosterone affects offspring sex ratios in quail.	recent studies have shown that some species of birds have a remarkable degree of control over the sex ratio of offspring they produce. however, the mechanism by which they achieve this feat is unknown. hormones circulating in the breeding female are particularly sensitive to environmental perturbations, and so could provide a mechanism for her to bias the sex ratio of her offspring in favour of the sex that would derive greatest benefit from the prevailing environmental conditions. here, we pres ...	2006	16600886
dietary arginine silicate inositol complex improves bone mineralization in quail.	skeletal abnormalities, low bone mass, bone deformities, and bone fractures increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which are of concern from both a public standpoint and a cost-of-care burden standpoint. arginine silicate inositol complex (asi; arg = 49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) is a novel, bioavailable source of si and arg and one that offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are comm ...	2006	16553280
sex differences in the organizational effects of corticosterone in the egg yolk of quail.	previously, we found that experimentally elevated plasma corticosterone was transferred to egg yolk by female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), and that the chicks hatched from these eggs grew more slowly than controls and had higher responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis as adults. here, we tested whether exposure to high yolk corticosterone was responsible for the slowed growth and elevated hpa responsiveness by manipulating the steroid content of eggs direc ...	2006	16430891
role of nitric oxide in ovarian follicular development and egg production in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	role of nitric oxide (no) in regulating the reproductive functions at hypothalamo-hypophysealovarian axis in japanese quail was studied. in first experiment, metabolites of no, i.e. nitrite and nitrate (no2 and no3) were estimated together in hypothalamus, serum and ovarian follicles of good and poor layers. in the second experiment, different no modulators such as l-arginine (l-arg), sodium nitroprusside (snp) and n(g)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, hcl (l-name) were administered to the birds. ...	2006	16221486
comparison between oogenesis and related ovarian structures in a reptile, pseudemys scripta elegans (turtle) and in a bird coturnix coturnix japonica (quail).	the aspect of the oogonia during their premitotic dna synthesis and of the premeiocytes during their premeiotic dna synthesis was studied in turtles by autoradiography, after injection of 3h-thymidine. as in the adult laying quail, the intrafollicular oocytes of the adult turtle go through three successive stages: prelampbrush, lampbrush and postlampbrush. during the prelampbrush and lampbrush stage two kinds of nucleoli exist: peripheral and central. in contrast to avian yolk, during its final ...	2006	9269708
meiotic prophase in the left embryonic testis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica l.).	spontaneous, transitory feminization of the left embryonic testis occurs in the majority of male japanese quails from day 11 of incubation until the 2nd day after hatching. the feminized gonad is composed of a testicular part and of an ovarian-like cortical region, which develops outside the tunica albuginea. the cortical region contains numerous germ cells some of which enter meiosis on day 11 (i.e. at the time characteristic of female germ cells) and reach pachytene on day 14. cortical regions ...	2006	3827252
effects of ethanol on brain and pancreas weights, serum sodium and potassium, and haematological parameters in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	poultry farmers in pakistan use ethanol for treatment of respiratory diseases and as a growth promotant, but the effects on health and production of broilers are unknown. the effects of ethanol were investigated in quail at different doses through drinking water. one hundred and twenty japanese quail of 39 days of age were purchased from a local market. they were divided randomly into five groups of 24 (groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and offered ethanol at dose rates 2%, 4%, 8% and 16%, respectively, ...	2005	16191688
pathological effects of formalin (37% formaldehyde) feeding in female japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the aim of this study was to determine the pathological effects of formalin on female quails. seventy-five 1-day-old female japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonina) were divided into five equal groups (a-e) and fed formalin daily at dose levels of 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 0 ml/ kg feed, respectively. all birds were slaughtered at the end of the experiment -- the eighth week. no clinical signs were observed in quails fed 2.5 ml formalin/kg feed. depression, dullness and anorexia were prominent in q ...	2005	16138733
effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and oxidative stress markers in heat-distressed japanese quail.	environmental stress causes adverse effects in performance and antioxidant status of poultry. dietary chromium supplementation promotes the growth rate and feed efficiency of growing poultry and these beneficial effects of chromium appear to be greater under stress. biotin, a member of the vitamin b complex, is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. in a previous experiment, we examined the effects of chromium picolinate (crpic) as a chromium source in birds subjected t ...	2005	16116248
effects of dietary administration of cl-20 on japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, or cl-20, is an emerging highly energetic compound currently under consideration for military applications. with the anticipated wide use of cl-20, there is the potential for soil and groundwater contamination resulting in adverse toxicologic effects on environmental receptors. presently, there is a lack of data describing the toxic effects of cl-20 on avian species. the present study describes the effect of cl-20 on japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) modi ...	2005	16001151
magnesium proteinate is more protective than magnesium oxide in heat-stressed quail.	we evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with mg-oxide and mg-proteinate on performance; nutrient digestibilities; malondialdehyde (mda) concentrations in serum, liver, and thigh meat; and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature. the birds (n = 360; 10 d old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (temper ...	2005	15987857
supplementation of zinc from organic or inorganic source improves performance and antioxidant status of heat-distressed quail.	two sources of zinc [znso4.h2o or znpicolinate (znpic)] supplementation were evaluated for their effects on performance, carcass weight, levels of malondialdehyde, and vitamins c, e, a in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees c. the birds (n = 360; 10-d-old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, zinc sources, zinc levels). b ...	2005	15971524
idiopathic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal tubular epithelia of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we report idiopathic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal tubular epithelia of two cases of among the 960 japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in the course of the acute oral toxicity and dietary toxicity test. basophilic inclusion bodies were seen only in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelia. we could not classify our case into any adenovirus infection by clinical signs and lesions. the inclusion bodies were only identified as adenovirus-like particles based upon the electronmicro ...	2005	15785127
reassessment of ecotoxicities of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane in japanese quail under the oecd draft new avian one-generation reproduction test guideline.	ecotoxicological hazards of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-ddt) were investigated by a one-generation reproduction study using japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) under an organization for economic co-operation and development (oecd) draft new test guideline 206 following acute and subchronic toxicity studies. in the subchronic feeding toxicity study, tremors, convulsions, and deaths were observed with a clear sex difference, males being more susceptible than females ...	2005	15748794
inter-individual variability during morning choruses in japanese quail males (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we compared the organization of dawn choruses in five groups of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, males (four groups of kin-related males and one group of unrelated males). we documented the structure of chorus groups: one male sang much more than the others during the dawn peak in four of the five groups, and this regardless of the number of males in the group. the dominant singers were then removed from two similar-sized groups, one of kin-related (k3) and the other of unrelated (nk) ...	2005	15714884
effects of methyltestosterone on reproduction in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	although the hormone-mediated effects of the synthetic androgenic hormone methyltestosterone (mt) are well characterized in mammals, little is known about endocrine and other toxic effects on reproduction in birds. in a one-generation study, mt was administered to adult japanese quail (12 pairs per group) at dietary dose levels of 0, 10, 50, and 110 ppm for a period of 3 weeks. reproductive performance was severely affected in the groups receiving 50 and 110 ppm mt. in females, the egg-laying ra ...	2005	16307974
[study on genetic diversity of wild quail in china with microsatellite dna markers].	genetic diversity of domestic quail and two wild quail species distributed in china, wild japanese quail and wild common quail,was studied by using microsatellite dna markers. according to the comparison of corresponding genetic index in the three quail populations, such as polymorphism information content (pic), mean heterozygosity (h) and fixation index etc, wild common quail possessed rich genetic diversity of 4.67 alleles per locus. its value of pic and h were the highest, 0.5732 and 0.6621, ...	2005	16231733
tanycyte absorption affected by the hypothalamic deafferentation in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica the tanycytes of the median eminence absorbed peroxidase injected into the third ventricle. the number of tanycytes showing peroxidase reaction was greater in the posterior median eminence than in the anterior median eminence. following hypothalamic deafferentation, the tanycyte absorption was augmented both in the posterior and anterior median eminence. these findings suggest that axons of some neurons, which have inhibitory action on the tanycyte a ...	2005	1201586
effect of alliums on total lipid in plasma and tissues of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) with respect to age and sex.	dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of liver and plasma total lipids in coturnix coturnix japonica. this increase could be due to the effect of an increased feed intake, bile production, digestion and absorption that in turn caused an increased utilisation of dietary fat, increased transfer of dietary lipids to the liver and/or due to increased lipogenesis as such. however, there was no increase in the muscle lipid content. this effect in the muscle could be due to inhibitor ...	2005	15782822
directional selection for growth at two ambient temperatures in coturnix coturnix japonica.	four lines of quail; random-selected, male-selected, female-selected and male- and female-selected lines, were subjected to 37 plus or minus 1-6 degrees c from 3 to 5 weeks of age while another four lines, similarly selected, were reared at room temperature (15 to 27 degrees c). selection for increased growth was practised for two generations using ten females and five males as parents in each line. a significant interaction between time and temperature was observed in the third generation proge ...	2005	1111852
chronic toxic neuropathy after organophosphorus poisoning in quails (coturnix coturnix japponica).	peripheral neuropathy was induced by the long-term administration of organo-phosphorus compounds (phtalimid/phosmet) in quails (coturnix coturnix japponica). after 4 weeks, the first symptoms of organophosphorus (opc) poisoning (apathy, diarrhea) were present. during the second month of a daily administration of the toxic substance using the probe, an apparent clinical autonomic and peripheral neuropathy with ataxia had developed. toxic disturbance of the nervous system was confirmed by the exam ...	2005	16541607
protective effect of l-carnitine against oxidative damage caused by experimental chronic aflatoxicosis in quail (coturnix coturnix).	this study was designed to evaluate the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on the plasma malondialdehyde (mda) and whole blood reduced glutathione (gsh) concentrations in experimentally-induced chronic aflatoxicosis in quails. for this purpose, a total of 80 quails up to 8 weeks old were divided into four equal groups. group i served as control, group ii was given l-carnitine at the dose of 200 mg/litre in the drinking water for 60 days, group iii was given 60 microg total aflatoxin/kg diet f ...	2005	16156127
individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail.	three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ...	2005	16405006
mycotox and aflatoxicosis in quails.	1. this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance of quail, and to determine the preventive efficacy of mycotox (oxicinol, tymol, micronised yeast). 2. one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were weighed and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups each with 5 replicates of 9 birds. 3. there were 4 dietary treatments: (1) control with 0 mg af/kg diet and 0% mycotox; (2) 0 mg af/kg diet and 0.5% mycotox; (3) 2.5 mg ...	2005	16268113
duck (anas platyrhynchos), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and other avian interleukin-2 reveals significant conservation of gene organization, promoter elements and functional residues.	we compared the gene, promoter and cdna sequences, and the predicted protein structure of duck and quail interleukin-2 (il-2), a major immunomodulatory cytokine, with the known sequences of other avian and human il-2. analysis of the gene organization showed significant similarity with the overall organization of mammalian il-2 genes, with four exons and three introns and a very short 5' untranslated regions. the second intron was the biggest in all the il-2 sequences. the third intron was of si ...	2005	16313299
the chicken immediate-early gene zenk is expressed in the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale, a brain region involved in acoustic imprinting, and is up-regulated after exposure to an auditory stimulus.	the immediate-early gene zenk (an acronym for the avian orthologue of the mammalian genes zif-268, egr-1, ngfi-a and krox-24) has been extensively employed, in studies on oscine birds, as a marker of neuronal activity to reveal forebrain structures that are involved in the memory processes associated with the acquisition, perception and production of song. audition-induced expression of this gene, in brain, has also recently been reported for the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and t ...	2005	15590145
somatostatin immunoreactivity in quail pterygopalatine ganglion.	in the ciliary ganglion of the chicken and quail, somatostatin (som) is an exclusive marker for parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the choroid. a second parasympathetic pathway projecting to the choroid originates from the pterygopalatine ganglion. the aim of this study was to investigate som immunoreactivity in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and on neurons within the choroid, the intrinsic choroidal neurons (icn). we did so using ...	2005	15733297
intestinal d-glucose and l-alanine transport in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix).	the mechanisms involved in d-glucose and amino acid transport in the intestine of birds are still not clear. in chickens, d-glucose and amino acid absorption occurs via carrier-mediated transport, but in wild birds a passive paracellular mechanism seems to be the predominant pathway. the purpose of this work was to determine the existence of carrier-mediated sodium cotransport of d-glucose and l-alanine in the small intestine of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix), a granivorous bird. intestinal ...	2005	15971535
short-term effects of carbendazim on the gross and microscopic features of the testes of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	carbendazim, a metabolite of benomyl which is widely used as a fungicide, has been found to cause testicular and epididymal damage in laboratory rats, mice and hamsters. no studies of the effects of this chemical on the reproductive organs of birds have been reported previously. this report is that of an investigation on the response of the testis of the japanese quail to experimental administration of this chemical in sexually mature and active birds. a single dose (400 mg/kg body weight) of ca ...	2005	16034611
effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies.	to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ...	2005	16094834
interspecific variation in dietary carotenoid assimilation in birds: links to phylogeny and color ornamentation.	many birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire rich red, orange, and yellow coloration in feathers and bare parts that is used as a signal of mate quality. because carotenoids are derived from foods, much attention has been paid to the role of diet in generating color variation both within and among avian species. less consideration has been given to physiological underpinnings of color variability, especially among species. here, i surveyed published literature (e.g. captive feeding studies) on ...	2005	16129640
effects of vinclozolin on spermatogenesis and reproductive success in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in a one-generation reproduction study, the major agricultural fungicide vinclozolin was administered to adult japanese quail for a period of 6 weeks at dietary levels of 125 and 500 ppm. fertility and reproductive performance were not affected up to the highest concentration, although the examination of additional endpoints in the drakes (spermatid count, histology of the testis) provided some evidence of an inhibition of spermatogenesis at both dietary concentrations. likewise, there were no i ...	2004	15253051
pasteurellosis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) caused by pasteurella multocida multocida a:4.		2004	15311804
hydropericardium syndrome in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		2004	15461367
transition from embryonic to adult transcription pattern of serotonin n-acetyltransferase gene in avian pineal gland.	the study reports the change of transcription pattern of serotonin n-acetyltransferase gene and melatonin receptor genes during ontogenesis of the avian pineal gland. the rt-pcr technique was used to investigate the expression of the arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat) and melatonin receptor genes during development of the pineal glands isolated from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos incubated from 3 days on until hatching (17 days), and in some organs (pineal, brain he ...	2004	14694429
new quill mites of the family syringophilidae (acari: cheyletoidea).	five new species and two new genera belonging to the family syringophilidae (acari: cheyletoidea) are described from birds that died in the antwerp zoo during their quarantine: charadriaulobia vanelli n. g., n. sp. from vanellus chilensis (charadriiformes: charadriidae) in brazil; fritschisyringophilus lonchurae n. g., n. sp. from lonchura punctulata (passeriformes: estrildidae) in india; mironovia coturnae n. sp. from coturnix coturnix (galliformes: phasianidae) in europe; syringophiloidus dabe ...	2004	14755175
effectiveness of twenty, twenty-five diazacholesterol, avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and chicken riboflavin carrier protein for inhibiting reproduction in coturnix quail.	contraception may provide a useful nonlethal management tool when it is desirable to reduce populations of birds. we tested the efficacy of 20,25 diazacholesterol, and immunization with avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (agnrh-i) and chicken riboflavin carrier protein (crcp) as contraceptives and investigated their modes of action in coturnix quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). females that were paired with males treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol produced lower percentages of eggs that were ...	2004	14979575
experimental aspergillus fumigatus infection in quails and results of treatment with itraconazole.	this study was performed to investigate (i). the clinical, histopathological and biochemical changes in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) with experimentally induced aspergillosis; and (ii). the efficiency of itraconazole treatment on these infected birds. a total of 18021-day-old male quails was randomly divided into three groups (control, infected untreated and infected treated), each containing 60. the experimental infection was set by intratracheal inoculation of 0.2 ml inoculum of aspergi ...	2004	14995975
ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in birds.	in this study, 30 pigeons (columba livia forma domestica) and 30 quails (coturnix coturnix) were used to evaluate the diagnostic practicability and relevance of an ultrasound-conducted liver biopsy. their body weight ranged between 144 and 603g. considering anatomical peculiarities, the lateral (pigeons) or ventro-median (quails) access was chosen. in the case of the pigeons, 29 (96.7%) biopsies proved clearly to be liver tissue, while in the case of the smaller quails, 19 (63.3%) samples could ...	2004	15200264
molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney.	both mammals and birds can concentrate urine hyperosmotic to plasma via a countercurrent multiplier mechanism, although evolutionary lines leading to mammals and birds diverged at an early stage of tetrapod evolution. we reported earlier (nishimura h, koseki c, and patel tb. am j physiol regul integr comp physiol 271: r1535-r1543, 1996) that arginine vasotocin (avt; avian antidiuretic hormone) increases diffusional water permeability in the isolated, perfused medullary collecting duct (cd) of th ...	2004	15205186
lycopene supplementation prevents the development of spontaneous smooth muscle tumors of the oviduct in japanese quail.	leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus affecting millions of women. spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), which makes it a good animal model for screening potential agents for testing in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. because dietary intake of lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of a variety of human cancers, we investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation on the developm ...	2004	15623465
effects of recessive white plumage colour mutation on hatchability and growth of quail hatched from breeders of different ages.	1. a total of 1200 eggs were obtained from two pure line stocks of 'wild' and 'recessive white' quail of the pharaoh strain (coturnix coturnix pharaoh), with two different breeder ages (17 or 34 weeks). the recessive white line was derived from mutant birds, which appeared spontaneously within the wild-type quail colony. 2. the analysis included plumage colour and breeder age as main effects together with their interaction. there were no significant effects for apparent fertility but hatchabilit ...	2004	15697016
effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on egg production, serum metabolites, and egg yolk mineral and cholesterol concentrations in heat-distressed laying quails.	chromium picolinate is used in the poultry diet because of its antistress effects in addition to the fact that the requirement for it is increased during stress. this study was conducted to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees c) on egg production, egg quality, antioxidant status, and cholesterol and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by combination of chromium picolinate and biotin (0.6/2.0; diachrome, as formulated by nutrition 21 inc.), in lay ...	2004	15557680
effects of 2 g hypergravity exposure on bobwhite (colinus virginianus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we compared reproductive fitness and early postnatal growth of bobwhite (colinus virginianus) and japanese (coturnix coturnix japonica) quail incubated and hatched during 2 g centrifugation. fertilized bobwhite and japanese quail eggs were placed in portable incubators on the 8-ft international space station test bed (isstb) centrifuge at nasa ames research center. the quail eggs were incubated throughout hatching and reared until postnatal day (p)4 at either 1.0, 1.2 or 2.0 g. two days before h ...	2004	16240529
influence of dietary culture material containing aflatoxin and t(2) toxin on certain serum biochemical constituents in japanese quail.	forty newly hatched unsexed japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing 3 ppm aflatoxin (af) and 4 ppm t(2) toxin either singly and in combination for 35 days. sera samples were collected from six birds in each group at the end of the trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. highly significant (p < 0.01) differences were observed for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (ast), alanine trans ...	2004	15702271
effect of lead and chromium on reproductive success of japanese quail.	an experimental model based on application of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines with high (h) and low (l) concentrations of plasma lactate was designed in order to investigate the effects of lead and chromium on embryonic development and reproductive success of experimental groups representing different genotypes. during the first stage of the trial, mature males from quail lines h and l (marked as generation t) were fed subchronically for 12 weeks with lead as pb(no(3))(2) and c ...	2004	15269915
effect of alfalfa meal in diets of laying quails on performance, egg quality and some serum parameters.	this study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of alfalfa meal in the diet of laying quails on egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and selected serum parameters. in this study, 192, 10-week old quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were evenly distributed to four groups with four replicates of 12 quails each. the control group was fed a basal diet containing 0% alfalfa meal and the remaining groups received 3, 6 or 9% alfal ...	2004	15264674
composition of luminal fluid secreted by the seminiferous tubules and after reabsorption by the extratesticular ducts of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the present report examines the composition of luminal fluid in the seminiferous tubule (stf), rete testis (rtf), and ductus epididymidis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). this subject is of particular interest, both because the reproductive ducts are intra-abdominal and because sperm production is more rapid in birds than in mammals. it was interpreted that micropuncture samples of stf contain varying amounts of contamination with intracellular solute, particularly k and prote ...	2004	15215190
photoperiodic response of serotonin- and galanin-immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular organ and infundibular nucleus in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	we investigated the photoperiodic response of serotonin- and galanin (ga)- immunoreactive (ir) cells in the paraventricular organ (pvo) and infundibular nucleus (if) of the japanese quail and the interaction of these cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-ir neurons in the hypothalamus. serotonin-ir cells were located in series from the pvo to the if, and were connected with each other. the number of serotonin-ir cells differed significantly between light and dark phases on the short d ...	2004	15170061
effect of dietary dried tomato pulp on oxidative stability of japanese quail meat.	ninety, 21-day-old, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) divided into three groups with five subgroups each were fed a basal diet that served as control or a basal diet containing 5 or 10% of dried tomato pulp (dtp), a byproduct of the tomato-processing industry. the dtp contained lycopene and beta-carotene at 281 and 24.3 mg kg(-)(1) of dry weight, respectively. on day 42 of age, birds were slaughtered, and carcasses were trimmed for breast meat. to assess the effect of dietary treatment ...	2004	15137843
ascorbic acid and melatonin reduce heat-induced performance inhibition and oxidative stress in japanese quails.	1. the effects of ascorbic acid (l-ascorbic acid) and melatonin supplementation on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (mda) as lipid peroxidation indicator, ascorbic acid, retinol, tocopherol and mineral status in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds each. the birds were kept i ...	2004	15115209
visual discrimination of normal and drug induced behavior in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the ability to discriminate the physical states of others could be an adaptive behavior, especially for social animals. for example, the ability to discriminate illness behavior would be helpful for avoiding spoiled foods. we report on an experiment with japanese quails testing whether these birds can discriminate the physical states of conspecifics. the quails were trained to discriminate between moving video images of quails injected with psychoactive drugs and those in a normal (not injected) ...	2004	15069613
maternal corticosterone is transferred to avian yolk and may alter offspring growth and adult phenotype.	many environmental perturbations may elevate plasma corticosterone in laying birds, including disease, poor body condition, high predator density, anthropogenic disturbance, and/or food scarcity. when adverse conditions are not dire enough to dictate foregoing reproduction, maternal corticosterone in egg yolk may phenotypically engineer offspring so as to maximize success under the constraints of the local environment. we tested the hypotheses that corticosterone in avian egg yolk should correla ...	2004	14723888
the effect of genistein supplementation on performance and antioxidant status of japanese quail under heat stress.	genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soybeans, is a powerful antioxidant. we evaluated the effects of genistein supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, levels of malondialdehyde (mda), homocysteine, vitamins c, e, a in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees c. two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds. the birds were kept in an ...	2004	15732579
melatonin supplementation can ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat stress on performance and carcass traits of japanese quail.	melatonin, the major pineal hormone, modulates growth in poultry by influencing hormones involved in growth. we investigated the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and excretion of nitrogen and some minerals in broiler japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high-ambient-temperature stress (34 degrees c). one hundred twenty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. the ...	2003	14716096
behavioural investigation of polarisation sensitivity in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the european starling (sturnus vulgaris).	many animals have sensitivity to the e-vector of linearly polarised light, which may assist in visually mediated behaviours such as navigation, signalling and foraging. however, it is still controversial as to whether birds possess polarisation sensitivity. several studies have found that altering the polarisation patterns of the broad visual field surrounding birds alters their intended migratory orientation. however, electrophysiological tests have failed to elicit evidence for polarisation se ...	2003	12909701
effects of poppy seed meal on egg production and hatching results in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	this study was carried out to determine the effects of poppy seed meal (psm) on the egg production and hatching of quail. two experiments were undertaken. in the first experiment, 240 quail, reared under the same conditions, were divided into four groups of 60 birds each (which were, in turn, subdivided into four subgroups of 15 each for experimental replicates). the first, second, and third experimental groups were fed ratios containing 5%, 15%, and 25% psm, respectively, over 12 weeks. the con ...	2003	12893163
effect of feeding time on the reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	several feeding regimens are applied to improve performance of fertile egg production during times of heat stress. during a period of heat stress (34 to 36 degrees c), two feeding periods were used to measure the impact of feeding time on reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix cotunix japonica) between 44 and 60 wk of age. each feeding time treatment had 25 individually caged male and female pairs. quail were fed ad libitum between 0600 to 1400 or 1400 to 2200 h daily. results indi ...	2003	12872978
effect of acetyl salicylic acid in drinking water on reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the impact of acetyl salicylic add (asa) on reproductive performance during periods of heat stress was studied in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). during a season when daily high temperatures averaged between 34 and 40 degrees c, four treatments each containing four replicates of five males and five females were given 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/l asa in drinking water from 34 to 45 wk of age. at 39 wk of age control quail were lighter than quail fed asa. quail receiving 1.5 g/l asa exhibi ...	2003	12872976
effect of early feed restriction on reproductive performance in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	reproductive performance of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was evaluated following feed restriction (100, 85, and 70% of ad libitum) between 2 to 5 wk of age with three replicates of 12, 2-wk-old chicks per replicate. body weight, feed conversion, and leucocyte distribution were measured during feed restriction. after experimental feed treatment, bw, age at first egg, egg production, fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality were evaluated from five replicates of two females and one m ...	2003	12872974
effects of probiotics: alone and in a mixture of biosacc plus zinc bacitracin on the caecal microflora of japanese quail.	the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two commercially available probiotics, alone and in combination with an antibiotic, on the caecal flora of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under unstressed conditions. thirty-four 90-day-old japanese quail were selected for this study. the birds were divided into four groups, two groups of nine birds and two groups of eight birds. the animals in these groups were given feed containing 0.5 kg per tonne of probiotics alone ...	2003	12801457
dietary vitamin c and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in japanese quail.	we evaluated the effects of vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid) and folic acid supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and concentrations of the oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (mda), homocysteine], adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), vitamins c, e, a, b-12 and folic acid, and mineral status in broiler japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature (34 degrees c, 8 h/d, 0900-1700 h). the birds (n = 150; 10-d-old) kept at 34 degrees c were fed a ...	2003	12771333
a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay allows for specific detection of endothelial apoptosis induced by antiangiogenic substances.	current in vivo angiogenesis assays allow for the assessment of vascular growth inhibition induced by a test substance, but they usually do not provide information about the mechanisms underlying such an inhibition. a potential antiangiogenic mechanism is the triggering of endothelial apoptosis in the growing vessels. apoptogenic substances can be of interest for antiangiogenic therapy specially if they specifically perform their action on the angiogenic endothelium. we have developed a modifica ...	2003	15041801
distribution and origin of steroid hormones in the yolk of japanese quail eggs (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the yolk of avian eggs contains steroid hormones, which may influence the development and behaviour of hatched birds. the aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration as well as the distribution of various gonadal steroids in the yolk spheres of quail eggs. steroid concentrations of dissected yolk layers were analysed after alcoholic extraction using enzyme immunoassays (eias) for progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. to monitor the uptake of testosterone into the yolk ...	2003	12677460
effect of different dietary levels of yucca schidigera powder on the performance, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails.	a total of 135 laying quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. the diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. increased egg weight was d ...	2003	12650503
melatonin enhances cellular and humoral immune responses in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) via an opiatergic mechanism.	it is known that melatonin has important immunomodulatory properties in the japanese quail. however, the mechanism of melatonin action on the immune system is not clearly understood in avian species. in mammals, the immunostimulatory properties of melatonin are mediated by the release of opioid peptides from activated t-lymphocytes. the present study was performed to determine if these same melatonin-induced opioids (mio) are involved with the immunoenhancing effects of melatonin in quail. three ...	2003	12714007
presence and developmental regulation of serotonin n-acetyltransferase transcripts in oocytes and early quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica).	by rt-pcr two transcripts for arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat; serotonin n-acetyltransferase; ec 2.3.1.87), the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis, were found, for the first time, in the oocytes and blastoderms from freshly laid eggs (323- and 238-bp rt-pcr products), and one (238-bp product) in the pineal gland of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the two products differed by an intron of 85-bp present in the 323-bp band and absent from the 238-bp band. the identity of the ...	2003	12704723
effect of onion (allium cepa linn.) and garlic (allium sativum linn.) on plasma triglyceride content in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonicum).	dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of plasma triglyceride which could be due to insulin like activity of dietary alliums and other factors that promote lipogenesisi in growing stages. changes in the plasma triglyceride level in the control group due to change in age and sex were also noted. the triglyceride level was more in female birds when compared to males of similar age group. the plasma trigelyceride level increased with age in both sex except for the level being simi ...	2003	15267143