Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| transgene expression in tick cells using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | ticks transmit infectious agents to humans and other animals. genetic manipulation of vectors like ticks could enhance the development of alternative disease control strategies. transgene expression using the phytopathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens has been shown to promote the genetic modification of non-plant cells. in the present work we developed t-dna constructs for a. tumefaciens to mediate transgene expression in hela cells as well as rhipicephalus microplus tick cells. translational fusi ... | 2015 | 26188857 |
| co-transmission of the non-transmissible south african babesia bovis s24 vaccine strain during mixed infection with a field isolate. | the south african babesia bovis live blood vaccine, originating from a field isolate attenuated by 23 serial syringe passages in splenectomized calves, has lost the ability to infect the natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in this study, infection with mixed parasites from the vaccine strain and a field isolate, resulted in transmission of both genotype populations. comparing the field isolate and transmitted combination indicated no significant difference in their virulence, whi ... | 2015 | 25544307 |
| acaricidal properties of vetiver essential oil from chrysopogon zizanioides (poaceae) against the tick species amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are arthropods widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, which can transmit infectious agents also responsible for zoonoses. excessive use of conventional acaricides has resulted in the onset of drug resistance by these parasites, thus the need to use alternative methods for their control. this study evaluated the acaricidal activities of chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) essential oils containing different zizanoic and khuzimol (high and low acidity) acid concentrations on a ... | 2015 | 26359641 |
| rickettsial infection in animals, humans and ticks in paulicéia, brazil. | a previous study in paulicéia municipality, south-eastern brazil, reported 9.7% of the amblyomma triste ticks to be infected by rickettsia parkeri, a bacterial pathogen that causes spotted fever in humans. these a. triste ticks were shown to be associated with marsh areas, where the marsh deer blastocerus dichotomus is a primary host for this tick species. during 2008-2009, blood serum samples were collected from 140 horses, 41 dogs, 5 opossums (didelphis albiventris) and 26 humans in farms from ... | 2015 | 25643912 |
| the influence of conidial pr1 protease on pathogenicity potential of metarhizium anisopliae senso latu to ticks. | pr1 is a subtilisin-like protease produced by metarhizium spp. entomopathogenic fungi, and it is recognized as heavily involved in the initial steps of the fungal invasion of arthropod-host cuticles. in the current study, correlation was sought between mortality of tick larvae and conidial pr1 levels of one metarhizium anisopliae senso latu (s.l.) isolate (cg 148). conidia with different levels of pr1 gene expression and enzymatic activity were obtained by producing them on either artificial med ... | 2015 | 25786608 |
| integrated control of an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus by applying metarhizium anisopliae associated with cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos under field conditions. | the efficacy of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control ticks has been shown in several in vitro experiments. however, few studies have been undertaken in field conditions in order to demonstrate the applicability of its use as a biological control of ticks and its combination with chemical acaricides. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of m. anisopliae to control an acaricide-resistant strain of rhipicephalus microplus under laboratory and field conditions. first, th ... | 2015 | 25577676 |
| resistance status of ticks (acari; ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in isoka district, zambia. | this study was designed to obtain data on the farmer's approach to tick control and to determine whether rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuman, amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) were resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides, in isoka district, zambia. prevailing tick control practices were documented by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 80 randomly selected smallholder livestock farmers from four agricultural camps (longwe ... | 2015 | 26310511 |
| cattle ticks in cameroon: is rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus absent in cameroon and the central african region? | in most parts of the world, ticks are rapidly developing resistance to commonly used acaricides thus rendering control difficult. this constraint is further compounded by the introduction of new species in areas where they did not exist before. such is the case with the introduction into and rapid spread of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in some countries of west africa. with the looming threat of its further spread in the region, the objective of the present study was to update knowledge o ... | 2015 | 25575435 |
| efficacy of larvicidal activity of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using mangifera indica extract against blood-feeding parasites. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are considered to be among the best photocatalytic materials due to their long-term thermodynamic stability, strong oxidizing power, and relative non-toxicity. nano-preparations with tio2 nps are currently under investigation as novel treatments for acne vulgaris, recurrent condyloma acuminata, atopic dermatitis, hyperpigmented skin lesions, and other non-dermatologic diseases. the present study was to investigate the acaricidal and larvicidal activity o ... | 2015 | 25403378 |
| distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in free state province, south africa. | the distributions of endemic tick vector species as well as the presence of species not endemic to free state province, south africa, were determined during surveys or opportunistic collections from livestock, wildlife and vegetation. amongst endemic ticks, the presence of rhipicephalus appendiculatus was confirmed in the north of the province, whilst rhipicephalus decoloratus was collected at 31 localities mostly in the centre and east, and ixodes rubicundus at 11 localities in the south, south ... | 2015 | 26244582 |
| an update on the ecological distribution of the ixodidae ticks in zimbabwe. | in total 7657 ticks were collected from 121 dip tanks in 12 districts representative of zimbabwe's five ecological regions between september 2013 and may 2014. based on morphological traits four genera and 13 species of ticks were identified. amblyomma hebraeum (60.3 %), rhipicephalus microplus (58.7 %), rhipicephalus decoloratus (47.1 %), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (56.2 %), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (67.8 %), rhipicephalus (near) punctatus (13.2 %), hyalomma truncatum (38 %) and hyalomma ... | 2015 | 25721256 |
| role of rhipicephalus microplus cheliceral receptors in gustation and host differentiation. | rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle worldwide. it is known that zebuine breeds of cattle are less susceptible to tick infestation than taurine breeds. contact chemoreceptors in the cheliceral pit sensilla of ticks respond selectively to phagostimulant compounds, however their role in blood feeding relative to host susceptibility to infestation remains to be fully understood. we addressed this topic by conducting taste electrophysiology exp ... | 2015 | 25616714 |
| ten years later: evaluation of the effectiveness of 12.5% amitraz against a field population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using field studies, artificial infestation (stall tests) and adult immersion tests. | using field trials, artificial infestations (stall tests) and in vitro adult immersion tests, the present study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 12.5% amitraz administered via whole body spraying against a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus population that did not have any contact with chemical products belonging to this acaricide family for 10 years (approximately 40 generations). two natural infestation trials, two artificial infestation trials (stall tests) and two adult immersion tests ... | 2015 | 26559460 |
| effects of different spray formulations on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle. | this present study aimed to evaluate the deleterious effects of some commercially available spray formulations (15% cypermethrin+25% chlorpyriphos+1% citronellal and 8% cypermethrin+60% ethion) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that detached from experimentally infested cattle. the following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in ovi ... | 2015 | 26427633 |
| use of ivermectin as endoparasiticide in tropical cattle herds generates resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes and the tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine simultaneously the status of resistance against ivermectin (ivm) in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) and rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1888) ticks in 12 cattle farms where ivm was used for the control of gin in the mexican tropics. six farms had frequent use of ivm (≥ 4 times per year) and six farms had low frequency of ivm use (1-2 times per year). the fecal egg count reduction test and the larval immersion test were used to determine t ... | 2015 | 26336306 |
| survey of acaricides resistance status of rhipiciphalus (boophilus) microplus collected from selected places of bihar, an eastern state of india. | monitoring acaricide resistance in field ticks and use of suitable managemental practices are essential for controlling tick populations infesting animals. in the present study, the acaricide resistance status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes of five districts located in the eastern indian state, bihar were characterized using three data sets (ait, biochemical assays and gene sequences). adult immersion test (ait) was adopted using seven field isolates ... | 2015 | 26117183 |
| ethnoveterinary plants and practices used for ecto-parasite control in semi-arid smallholder farming areas of zimbabwe. | the inclusion of traditional plant-based ecto-parasite control methods in primary health care of livestock is increasingly becoming an important intervention for improving livestock productivity in resource-challenged smallholder farming areas. in this study, commonly used plants used for the control of cattle ticks and other pests were identified through a survey in four semi-arid districts of zimbabwe. | 2015 | 25925402 |
| discovery, adaptation and transcriptional activity of two tick promoters: construction of a dual luciferase reporter system for optimization of rna interference in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus cell lines. | dual luciferase reporter systems are valuable tools for functional genomic studies, but have not previously been developed for use in tick cell culture. we evaluated expression of available luciferase constructs in tick cell cultures derived from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, an important vector of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. commercial promoters were evaluated for transcriptional activity driving luciferase expression in the tick cell lines. the human phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk ... | 2015 | 25892533 |
| acaricidal effects of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), administered at different routes, against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus parasitizing cattle. | the present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg), administered as a pour-on, in comparison to an injectable formulation containing fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in naturally and experimentally infested cattle. two studies were conducted with different tick strains, one with artificial infestations (stall test, using leight animals per group) and one with natural infestations (utilizing ten animals ... | 2015 | 25728230 |
| strategic applications of long-acting acaricides against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in northwestern argentina, with an analysis of tick distribution among cattle. | strategic applications of long-acting acaricides for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in northwestern argentina were evaluated for one year. in addition, tick distribution among cattle was analyzed to evaluate if partial selective treatment or culling the small proportion of most heavily infested animals were feasible options to control r. (b.) microplus. two different treatments schemes based on two applications of fluazuron and one application of 3.15% ivermectin were perform ... | 2015 | 25670006 |
| bovine genetic resistance effects on biological traits of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this study aimed to verify the influence of bovine genetic resistance on biological traits of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. genetic resistance or susceptibility was determined according to breeding values for tick counts, predicted using a dataset of 9007 hereford and braford (hereford×zebu) bovines naturally infested and raised under extensive production systems in southern brazil. from a total of 974 braford heifers born in 2008, 20 were classified as genetically tick-resistant ... | 2015 | 25648284 |
| susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to ivermectin (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg) in field studies in brazil. | the present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 17 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations, originating in the southeast and southern regions of brazil, to different ivermectin concentrations (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg), administered through subcutaneous or topical (pour-on) routes. r. (b.) microplus populations from the states of minas gerais (seven populations), são paulo (seven populations) and paraná (three populations) were chosen for the tests. the selected cattle were allo ... | 2015 | 25576441 |
| cellular responses to rhipicephalus microplus infestations in pre-sensitised cattle with differing phenotypes of infestation. | the blue tick, rhipicephalus microplus, threatens cattle production in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions are thought to cause nguni cattle to be more resistant to r. microplus than bonsmara cattle yet the cellular mechanisms responsible for these differences have not been classified. tick counts and inflammatory cell infiltrates in skin biopsies from feeding sites of adult r. microplus ticks were determined in 9-month-old nguni and bonsmara ... | 2014 | 24057115 |
| identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks (acari: ixodidae) of northeast india by its2 and 16s rdna sequences and morphological analysis. | to investigate and identify the ticks prevalent in the north east part of india, scanning electron microscope (sem) and dna sequence of nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) were used. based on the morphological and molecular analysis, the ticks infesting cattle of north east india were found to be rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa. its2 and 16s rdna sequence from r. (b.) microplus and h. bispinosa were amplifie ... | 2014 | 23990074 |
| host resistance in cattle to infestation with the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | resistance to rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle has many effector mechanisms, each of which is likely to be modulated by complex, interacting factors. some of the mechanisms of host resistance and their modulating factors have been identified and quantified, although much remains to be explained. the variation in resistance to tick infestation is most marked between bos taurus and bos indicus cattle, taurine cattle given the same exposure carrying between five and 10 times as many ti ... | 2014 | 25313455 |
| microarray analysis of tick-infested skin in resistant and susceptible cattle confirms the role of inflammatory pathways in immune activation and larval rejection. | tick bites promote activation of an inflammatory process that is influenced by bovine genetic composition and its history of previous exposure. taurine and indicine breeds are known to differ on its immune response development against rhipicephalus microplus. nevertheless, further investigation about the complex molecular pathways involved in the development of immune response to tick infestation in cattle presenting the same genetic background is mandatory. the aim of this work was to access th ... | 2014 | 25108850 |
| expression of immune response genes in peripheral blood of cattle infested with rhipicephalus microplus. | the bovine tick rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for severe economic losses in tropical cattle production. bos indicus breeds are more resistant to tick infestations than are bos taurus breeds, and the understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in this difference is important for the development of new methods of parasite control. we evaluated differences in the transcript expression of genes related to the immune response in the peripheral blood of cattle previously characteri ... | 2014 | 24938612 |
| weight gain and control of endo- and ectoparasites of beef heifers treated with allopathic, herbal and homeopathic drugs. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbal, homeopathic and allopathic treatments for parasites in beef heifers during two experimental cycles of 318 and 313 days. | 2014 | 24473874 |
| the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity. | isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ... | 2014 | 24365472 |
| ticks of australia. the species that infest domestic animals and humans. | the book australian ticks by f.h.s. roberts (1970) is a land-mark in australian tick biology. but it is time for a new and improved book on the ticks of australia. the present book has identification guides and accounts of the biology and diseases associated with the 16 species of ticks that may feed on domestic animals and humans in australia. these comprise five argasid (soft) ticks: argas persicus (poultry tick), argas robertsi (robert's bird tick), ornithodoros capensis (seabird soft tick), ... | 2014 | 24943801 |
| solanum trilobatum extract-mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to control pediculus humanus capitis, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and anopheles subpictus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are widely used in paints, printing ink, rubber, paper, cosmetics, sunscreens, car materials, cleaning air products, industrial photocatalytic processes, and decomposing organic matters in wastewater due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was conducted to assess the antiparasitic efficacies of synthesized tio2 nps utilizing leaf aqueous extract of solanum trilobatum against the adult head louse, pediculus hum ... | 2014 | 24265057 |
| commercial formulation of metarhizium anisopliae for the control of rhipicephalus microplus in a pen study. | the present study evaluated, for the first time, the effect of the commercial formulation metarril(®) sp organic of metarhizium anisopliae plus 10% mineral oil to control rhipicephalus microplus in a pen study. three groups were formed with six animals each: the first group was exposed to metarril(®) plus 10% mineral oil and 1% tween 80; the second group was exposed to sterile distilled water, mineral oil and tween 80 (oil control group); and the third group received no treatment (control group) ... | 2014 | 25086495 |
| enzymatic activities and effects of mycovirus infection on the virulence of metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus microplus. | the present study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of different metarhizium anisopliae s.l. isolates and to determine whether differences in enzymatic activities of proteases, lipases and chitinases and infection with mycoviruses affect the control of rhipicephalus microplus achieved by these fungal isolates. engorged female ticks were exposed to fungal suspensions. the lipolytic and proteolytic activities in the isolates were evaluated using chromogenic substrates and the chitinolytic ... | 2014 | 24661809 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in insect cadaver formulations for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | this study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains in insect cadaver formulations against rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent epns applied in cadavers of galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. in the first experiment, infected g. mellonela larvae were used as the source of epns. engorged females of r. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of g. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species o ... | 2014 | 24836639 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes associated with essential oil of lippia sidoides for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | in vitro effect of the association of the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 with the essential oil of lippia sidoides on engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus was assessed. engorged females with homogeneous weights (p >0.05) were divided into six groups of ten ticks each (each female = an experimental unit). in the treated groups, the ticks were exposed to the oil (40 μl/ml=4%) and nematodes (300 entomopathogenic nematodes (epns/t ... | 2014 | 24233407 |
| impact of humidity on clustered tick eggs. | eclosion of larvae from clustered tick eggs (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, and ±1,000 eggs) of rhipicephalus sanguineus (rs), rhipicephalus microplus (rm), amblyomma cajennense (ac), and dermacentor nitens (dn) was investigated at 43, 75, and > 98% relative humidity (rh) and 25 °c. susceptibility of eggs to dehydration varied among tick species (rs < rm < ac and dn) and the number of clustered eggs but even singularized eggs of all tested species matured, and larvae eclosed at rh > 98%. a minimum of ... | 2014 | 25199556 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of bolivia. | the tick species reported in bolivia are reviewed here as (1) endemic or established: ornithodoros echimys, o. guaporensis, o. hasei, o. kohlsi, o. mimon, o. peropteryx, o. rostratus, otobius megnini, amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, a. coelebs, a. dubitatum, a. humerale, a. incisum, a. longirostre, a. naponense, a. nodosum, a. oblongoguttatum, a. ovale, a. parvitarsum, a. parvum, a. pecarium, a. pseudoconcolor, a. rotundatum, a. scalpturatum, a. tigrinum, a. triste, dermace ... | 2014 | 24406053 |
| acaricidal effect of herbal extracts against cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using in vitro studies. | the crude methanolic extract of datura stramonium, azadirachta indica, and calotropis procera leaves, allium sativum (as) cloves, and carica papaya (cp) seeds collected from banaskanta, gujarat (india) was tested for its acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ... | 2014 | 24633906 |
| quantitative study of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from são paulo state, brazil. | the qpcr technique with sybr green was used to estimate the prevalence and level of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle raised in areas endemic for babesiosis in brazil, where the animals were continuously exposed to ticks (rhipicephalus microplus). this is the first report in which qpcr was used to quantify and compare b. bovis dna in blood of different cattle breeds. blood samples were collected from 150 animals (75 cows and 75 calves) of the angus and nelore breeds and the first generation ... | 2014 | 24522252 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a glycine-like receptor gene from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most economically important ectoparasite affecting the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. the principal method of tick control has relied mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, including ivermectin; however, cattle tick populations resistant to ivermectin have recently been reported in brazil, mexico, and uruguay. currently, the molecular basis for ivermectin susceptibility and resistance are not well ... | 2014 | 25174962 |
| seroepidemiologic survey in thailand of coxiella burnetii infection in cattle and chickens and presence in ticks attached to dairy cattle. | a seroepidemiologic survey of coxiella burnetii in cattle and chickens in thailand was carried out using indirect fluorescent antibody test. nine of the 130 serum samples from cattle were positive for antibodies against c. burnetii, with antibody titers ranging from 32 to 64. only one of 113 serum samples from chickens was seropositive, with antibody titer of 16. no c. burnetii-specific dna was detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism-nested pcr in spleens of cattle and chickens. ... | 2014 | 25417520 |
| rmcystatin3, a cysteine protease inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes involved in immune response. | the rhipicephalus microplus tick is responsible for losses in the livestock production estimated in 2 billions usd. despite its economical importance the knowledge in tick's physiology is sparse. in order to contribute to this scenario we describe the characterization of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor named rmcystatin-3. purified recombinant rmcystatin-3 was able to inhibit cathepsin l (ki = 2.5 nm), bmcl1 (ki = 1.8 nm) and cathepsin b (ki = 136 nm). western blot and quantitative pcr analysis r ... | 2014 | 25064361 |
| subolesin: a candidate vaccine antigen for the control of cattle tick infestations in indian situation. | identification of cross-protective tick vaccine antigens is a challenging area of veterinary research. to address this challenge, a recently identified candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), was targeted in this research. the conservation of subolesin ortholog of hyalomma anatolicum and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus across different indian strains was 98.1-99.4% (within species), while at the amino acid level sub sequence homology was ≥53.2% (between tick species). recombinant ... | 2014 | 24795229 |
| in vitro evaluation of ethanolic extracts of ageratum conyzoides and artemisia absinthium against cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | in vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of ageratum conyzoides and artemisia absinthium was assessed on rhipicephalus microplus using adult immersion test (ait). five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. in ait, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration for a. conyzoides and a. absinthium, respectively. acaricidal activity was found to b ... | 2014 | 25525626 |
| bartonella chomelii is the most frequent species infecting cattle grazing in communal mountain pastures in spain. | the presence of bartonella spp. was investigated in domestic ungulates grazing in communal pastures from a mountain area in northern spain, where 18.3% (17/93) of cattle were found to be positive by pcr combined with a reverse line blot (pcr/rlb), whereas sheep (n = 133) or horses (n = 91) were found not to be infected by this pathogen. bartonella infection was significantly associated with age, since older animals showed a higher prevalence than heifers and calves. in contrast to other studies, ... | 2014 | 25381240 |
| the glycoprotein trp36 of ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev and related cattle pathogen ehrlichia sp. ufmt-bv evolved from a highly variable clade of e. canis under adaptive diversifying selection. | a new species of ehrlichia, phylogenetically distant from e. ruminantium, was found in 2010 infecting cattle in canada. in 2012 and 2013, we reported the in vitro propagation, molecular and ultrastructural characterization of ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev (e. mineirensis), a new species of ehrlichia isolated from the haemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. a new organism, named ehrlichia sp. ufmt-bv, closely related to ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev, was recently described in brazil an ... | 2014 | 25499826 |
| an atypical residue in the pore of varroa destructor gaba-activated rdl receptors affects picrotoxin block and thymol modulation. | gaba-activated rdl receptors are the insect equivalent of mammalian gabaa receptors, and play a vital role in neurotransmission and insecticide action. here we clone the pore lining m2 region of the varroa mite rdl receptor and show that it has 4 atypical residues when compared to m2 regions of most other insects, including bees, which are the major host of varroa mites. we create mutant drosophila rdl receptors containing these substitutions and characterise their effects on function. using two ... | 2014 | 25460510 |
| contributions of the hair sheep breed santa ines as a maintenance host for rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in brazil. | hair sheep breeds are a new, cost-effective option for the diversification of livestock in the midwest region of brazil. they are grazed extensively with cattle as well as in isolation in small areas. hair sheep breeds are vulnerable to infestation by parasites such as the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, which causes various types of damage and can transmit diseases. | 2014 | 25404176 |
| toll signals regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and anterior-posterior placement of the embryo in the hemipteran rhodnius prolixus. | insect embryonic dorso-ventral patterning depends greatly on two pathways: the toll pathway and the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. while the relative contribution of each pathway has been investigated in holometabolous insects, their role has not been explored in insects with a hemimetabolous type of development. the hemimetabolous insect rhodnius prolixus, an important vector of chagas disease in the americas, develops from an intermediate germ band and displays complex movements during ka ... | 2014 | 25908955 |
| seasonal variation and frequency distribution of ectoparasites in crossbreed cattle in southeastern brazil. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the seasonal variation and frequency distribution of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, haematobia irritans, and dermatobia hominis on crossbred heifers under field conditions in the northeast of minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. from november 2007 to september 2009 (23 months), 40 heifers aged 16.6 ± 2.4 months were divided into groups a (1/4 holstein × 3/4 gir) and b (1/2 holstein × 1/2 gir) and had the monthly infestation estimated along with t ... | 2014 | 26464941 |
| tick passage results in enhanced attenuation of babesia bovis. | serial blood passage of virulent babesia bovis in splenectomized cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. tick transmissibility can be lost with attenuation, but when retained, attenuated b. bovis can revert to virulence following tick passage. this study provides data showing that tick passage of the partially attenuated b. bovis t2bo derivative strain further decreased virulence compared with intravenous inoculation of the same strain in infected animals. ... | 2014 | 25114111 |
| comparative genome analysis of entomopathogenic fungi reveals a complex set of secreted proteins. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus used in the biological control of some agricultural insect pests, and efforts are underway to use this fungus in the control of insect-borne human diseases. a large repertoire of proteins must be secreted by m. anisopliae to cope with the various available nutrients as this fungus switches through different lifestyles, i.e., from a saprophytic, to an infectious, to a plant endophytic stage. to further evaluate the predicted secretome of m. ani ... | 2014 | 25263348 |
| genomic analyses and transcriptional profiles of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | fungal chitin metabolism involves diverse processes such as metabolically active cell wall maintenance, basic nutrition, and different aspects of virulence. chitinases are enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (gh18) and 19 (gh19) and are responsible for the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages in chitin. this linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine is an essential constituent of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. several chitinases have been directly implicated in str ... | 2014 | 25232743 |
| influence of ph control in the formation of inclusion bodies during production of recombinant sphingomyelinase-d in escherichia coli. | inclusion bodies (ibs) are aggregated proteins that form clusters when protein is overexpressed in heterologous expression systems. ibs have been considered as non-usable proteins, but recently they are being used as functional materials, catalytic particles, drug delivery agents, immunogenic structures, and as a raw material in recombinant therapeutic protein purification. however, few studies have been made to understand how culture conditions affect the protein aggregation and the physicochem ... | 2014 | 25213001 |
| understanding anaplasmataceae pathogenesis using "omics" approaches. | this paper examines how "omics" approaches improve our understanding of anaplasmataceae pathogenesis, through a global and integrative strategy to identify genes and proteins involved in biochemical pathways key for pathogen-host-vector interactions. the anaplasmataceae family comprises obligate intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods. these bacteria are responsible for major human and animal endemic and emerging infectious diseases with important economic and public health impac ... | 2014 | 25072029 |
| effect of various acaricides on hatchability of eggs of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the effect of commonly used acaricides (amitraz, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and flumethrin) on the eggs of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from ludhiana, punjab, was evaluated by egg hatch assay (eha). the regression graph of probit hatchability and per cent inhibition of hatching (ih%) of eggs was plotted against log values of concentration of various acaricides. all concentrations of flumethrin and amitraz caused complete inhibition of hatching, whereas a hatchabili ... | 2014 | 25057486 |
| estimation of the genome sizes of the chigger mites leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare based on quantitative pcr and k-mer analysis. | leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare are the major vector mites for orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. before these organisms can be subjected to whole-genome sequencing, it is necessary to estimate their genome sizes to obtain basic information for establishing the strategies that should be used for genome sequencing and assembly. | 2014 | 24947244 |
| a treatment with a protease inhibitor recombinant from the cattle tick (rhipicephalus boophilus microplus) ameliorates emphysema in mice. | to determine whether a serine protease inhibitor treatment can prevent or minimize emphysema in mice. | 2014 | 24886716 |
| targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis. | babesia bovis is a tick-borne intraerythocytic protozoan responsible for acute disease in cattle which can be controlled by vaccination with attenuated b. bovis strains. emerging b. bovis transfection technologies may increase the usefulness of these live vaccines. one use of transfected b. bovis parasites may be as a vaccine delivery platform. previous transfection methods for b. bovis were limited by single expression sites and intracellular expression of transfected antigens. this study descr ... | 2014 | 24840336 |
| assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity of 2 ethyl-carbamates with activity against rhipicephalus microplus in rats. | the acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. the oral ld50 of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal ld50 of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (p < 0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. these clinical signs were evident from the 300 m ... | 2014 | 24883331 |
| subchronic toxicity study in rats of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. | female and male wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). the evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. however, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations i ... | 2014 | 24818142 |
| high genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale detected from philippine cattle. | a total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groel) gene-pcr assay. the screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (msp1a) gene-pcr assay. screening pcr results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the a. marginale infection. subsequent amplification using the msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. in addition, 37 tandem-repe ... | 2014 | 24717413 |
| secretome of the biocontrol agent metarhizium anisopliae induced by the cuticle of the cotton pest dysdercus peruvianus reveals new insights into infection. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus that has evolved specialized strategies to infect insect hosts. here we analyzed secreted proteins related to dysdercus peruvianus infection. using shotgun proteomics, abundance changes in 71 proteins were identified after exposure to host cuticle. among these proteins were classical fungal effectors secreted by pathogens to degrade physical barriers and alter host physiology. these include lipolytic enzymes, pr1a, b, c, i, and j proteases, ro ... | 2014 | 24702058 |
| an immunomics approach to schistosome antigen discovery: antibody signatures of naturally resistant and chronically infected individuals from endemic areas. | schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is responsible for almost 300,000 deaths annually. mass drug administration (mda) is used worldwide for the control of schistosomiasis, but chemotherapy fails to prevent reinfection with schistosomes, so mda alone is not sufficient to eliminate the disease, and a prophylactic vaccine is required. herein, we take advantage of recent advances in systems biology and longitudinal studies in schistosomiasis endemic areas in brazil to pilot an immun ... | 2014 | 24675823 |
| mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ... | 2014 | 24662974 |
| detection of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from sbs nagar, punjab, india. | the resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from sbs nagar, punjab, was evaluated against amitraz by adult immersion test (ait). the regression graph of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz revealed the slope of mortality (95% ci) as 2.36 ± 0.61 (0.38 to 4.33). the lc50 (95% ci) and lc95 (95% ci) values were recorded as 332.52 ppm (305.06-362.44) and 1646.93 ppm (1383.97-1959.84), respectively, and t ... | 2014 | 24683347 |
| risk factors for anaplasmosis in dairy cows during the peripartum. | anaplasma marginale is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. some studies have suggested that cows during peripartum may present a transient immunosuppression state and development of clinical signs of anaplasmosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors and the seroprevalence of a. marginale in dairy cows during peripartum in rio de janeiro, brazil. the risk factors analyzed in association with the prevalence of antibodies again ... | 2014 | 24307390 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype strain distinguished by the trp36 gene naturally infects cattle in brazil and causes clinical manifestations associated with ehrlichiosis. | a novel ehrlichia genotype most closely related to e. canis was reported in north american cattle in 2010, and a similar agent was subsequently identified in the hemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks and isolated in 2012. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this or other novel ehrlichial agents naturally infect brazilian cattle. using pcr targeting the genus-conserved dsb gene, dna from this novel ehrlichial agent in brazilian cattle was detected. attemp ... | 2014 | 24915874 |
| molecular survey and sequence analysis of anaplasma spp. in cattle and ticks in a malaysian farm. | this study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anaplasma spp. in the blood samples of cattle, goats, deer and ticks in a malaysian farm. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing approach, anaplasma spp. was detected from 81(84.4%) of 96 cattle blood samples. all blood samples from 23 goats and 22 deer tested were negative. based on the analysis of the anaplasma partial 16s ribosomal rna gene, four sequence types (genotypes 1 to 4) were identified in this study. genotypes 1-3 ... | 2014 | 25776603 |
| antihistamine response: a dynamically refined function at the host-tick interface. | ticks counteract host inflammatory responses by secreting proteins from their saliva that compete for histamine binding. among these tick salivary proteins are lipocalins, antiparallel beta-barrel proteins that sequester small molecules. a tick salivary lipocalin has been structurally resolved and experimentally shown to efficiently compete for histamine with its native receptor (e.g., h1 histamine receptor). to date, molecular dynamics simulations focus on protein-protein and protein-ligand int ... | 2014 | 25358914 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus aquaporin as an effective vaccine antigen to protect against cattle tick infestations. | vaccination as a control method against the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus has been practiced since the introduction of two products in the mid-1990s. there is a need for a vaccine that could provide effective control of r. microplus in a more consistent fashion than existing products. during our transcriptome studies of r. microplus, several gene coding regions were discovered to encode proteins with significant amino acid similarity to aquaporins. | 2014 | 25306139 |
| multiple mutations in the para-sodium channel gene are associated with pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus microplus from the united states and mexico. | acaricide resistant rhipicephalus microplus populations have become a major problem for many cattle producing areas of the world. pyrethroid resistance in arthropods is typically associated with mutations in domains i, ii, iii, and iv of voltage-gated sodium channel genes. in r. microplus, known resistance mutations include a domain ii change (c190a) in populations from australia, africa, and south america and a domain iii mutation (t2134a) that only occurs in mexico and the u.s. | 2014 | 25266983 |
| modeling the impact of climate and landscape on the efficacy of white tailed deer vaccination for cattle tick control in northeastern mexico. | cattle ticks are distributed worldwide and affect animal health and livestock production. white tailed deer (wtd) sustain and spread cattle tick populations. the aim of this study was to model the efficacy of anti-tick vaccination of wtd to control tick infestations in the absence of cattle vaccination in a territory where both host species coexist and sustain cattle tick populations. agent-based models that included land cover/landscape properties (patch size, distances to patches) and climatic ... | 2014 | 25047078 |
| reverse genetics system for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that was first reported in china in 2009. phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome showed that sfts virus represents a new lineage within the phlebovirus genus, distinct from the existing sandfly fever and uukuniemi virus groups, in the family bunyaviridae. sfts disease is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, joint pain, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and some hemorrhagic mani ... | 2014 | 25552716 |
| evaluation and comparison of the potential of two ferritins as anti-tick vaccines against haemaphysalis longicornis. | tick control is an essential aspect of controlling the spread of tick-borne diseases affecting humans and animals, but it presently faces several challenges. development of an anti-tick vaccine is aimed at designing cost-effective and environmentally friendly protection against ticks and tick-borne diseases as an alternative to the use of chemical acaricides. a single vaccine from the tick midgut protein bm86 is currently available for field applications, but its efficacy is limited to only some ... | 2014 | 25306467 |
| phytotherapeutic activity of euphorbia cyparissias extracts on ixodidae (acari) female ticks. | given its numerous biologically active components, euphorbiaceae has been found to be a large plant family and polyvalent with quite interesting therapeutic activity that can be studied. | 2014 | 25392580 |
| knockdown of the rhipicephalus microplus cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii gene is associated with a failure of anaplasma marginale transmission. | rhipicephalus microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle and an important biological vector of anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions. the primary determinants for a. marginale transmission are infection of the tick gut, followed by infection of salivary glands. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs via infected saliva delivered during tick feeding. interference in colonization of either the tick gut or salivary glands can affect transmission of a. mar ... | 2014 | 24878588 |
| proteomic analysis of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus saliva: a comparison between partially and fully engorged females. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful parasites affecting bovines. similarly to other hematophagous ectoparasites, r. microplus saliva contains a collection of bioactive compounds that inhibit host defenses against tick feeding activity. thus, the study of tick salivary components offers opportunities for the development of immunological based tick control methods and medicinal applications. so far, only a few proteins have been identified in cattle tick ... | 2014 | 24762651 |
| transcriptomic responses to emamectin benzoate in pacific and atlantic canada salmon lice lepeophtheirus salmonis with differing levels of drug resistance. | salmon lice lepeophtheirus salmonis are an ecologically and economically important parasite of wild and farmed salmon. in scotland, norway, and eastern canada, l. salmonis have developed resistance to emamectin benzoate (emb), one of the few parasiticides available for salmon lice. drug resistance mechanisms can be complex, potentially differing among populations and involving multiple genes with additive effects (i.e., polygenic resistance). indicators of resistance development may enable early ... | 2014 | 25685190 |
| high quality draft genome sequence and description of occidentia massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family rickettsiaceae. | the family rickettsiaceae currently includes two genera: orientia that contains one species, orientia tsutsugamushi, and rickettsia that contains 28 species. occidentia massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. strain os118(t) is the type strain of o. massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., the type species of the new genus occidentia gen. nov. within the family rickettsiaceae. this strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated in france from the soft tick ornithodoros sonrai collected in senegal. o. ma ... | 2014 | 25780502 |
| invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern united states. | for >100 years cattle production in the southern united states has been threatened by cattle fever. it is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites babesia bovis and b. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus boophilus. in 1906 an eradication effort was started and by 1943 boophilus ticks had been confined to a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the texas-mexico border. ho ... | 2014 | 24742062 |
| selection and validation of reference genes for functional studies in the calliphoridae family. | the genera cochliomyia and chrysomya contain both obligate and saprophagous flies, which allows the comparison of different feeding habits between closely related species. among the different strategies for comparing these habits is the use of qpcr to investigate the expression levels of candidate genes involved in feeding behavior. to ensure an accurate measure of the levels of gene expression, it is necessary to normalize the amount of the target gene with the amount of a reference gene having ... | 2014 | 25373149 |
| widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (rhipicephalus microplus) in southern texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (babesia bovis and b. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. r. microplus and babesia are endemic in mexico and ticks persist in the united states inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the rio grande. this containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus). | 2014 | 24742041 |
| inducible expression of mu-class glutathione s-transferases is associated with fenpropathrin resistance in tetranychus cinnabarinus. | the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus (boisduval), is a serious pest on a variety of economically important crops widely distributed in china, and its resistance to acaricides has quickly developed. in this study, we fully sequenced 13 gst genes of t. cinnabarinus (tcgsts). the phylogenetic tree showed that five of them belonged to the delta class and the other eight belonged to the mu class. the alignment of gene sequences and comparison of gene expressions between a fenpropathrin-r ... | 2014 | 25493473 |
| risk factors for bunyavirus-associated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, china. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging disease that is caused by a novel bunyavirus, referred to as sfts virus. during january 2011 to december 2011 we conducted a case-control study in henan, hubei and shandong provinces of china to determine the risk factors for sfts. | 2014 | 25330383 |
| the evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamics of the fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (ftlsv) in china. | in 2007, a novel bunyavirus was found in henan province, china and named fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (ftlsv); since then, ftlsv has been found in ticks and animals in many chinese provinces. human-to-human transmission has been documented, indicating that ftlsv should be considered a potential public health threat. determining the historical spread of ftlsv could help curtail its spread and prevent future movement of this virus. | 2014 | 25329580 |
| emerging phleboviruses. | the bunyavidae family is the largest grouping of rna viruses and arguably the most diverse. bunyaviruses have a truly global distribution and can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. the majority of bunyaviruses are vectored by arthropods and thus have the remarkable capability to replicate in hosts of disparate phylogeny. the family has provided many examples of emerging viruses including sin nombre and related viruses responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the americas ... | 2014 | 24607799 |
| the modulation of the symbiont/host interaction between wolbachia pipientis and aedes fluviatilis embryos by glycogen metabolism. | wolbachia pipientis, a maternally transmitted bacterium that colonizes arthropods, may affect the general aspects of insect physiology, particularly reproduction. wolbachia is a natural endosymbiont of aedes fluviatilis, whose effects in embryogenesis and reproduction have not been addressed so far. in this context, we investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism and morphological alterations during a. fluviatilis embryo development in wolbachia-positive (w+) and wolbachia-negative (w ... | 2014 | 24926801 |
| understanding the evolutionary structural variability and target specificity of tick salivary kunitz peptides using next generation transcriptome data. | ticks are blood-sucking arthropods and a primary function of tick salivary proteins is to counteract the host's immune response. tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins perform multiple functions within the feeding lesion and have been classified as venoms; thereby, constituting them as one of the important elements in the arms race with the host. the two main mechanisms advocated to explain the functional heterogeneity of tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins are gene sharing and gene duplication. ... | 2014 | 24397261 |
| dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in brazil: opening the black box. | dogs and cats in brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. these may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). while some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., aelurostrongylus abstrusus and felicola subrostratus for cats, and angiostrongylus vasorum and trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other h ... | 2014 | 24423244 |
| present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance. | the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ... | 2014 | 24428899 |
| first molecular evidence of hepatozoon canis infection in red foxes and golden jackals from hungary. | recently, hepatozoon canis infection has been detected among shepherd, hunting and stray dogs in the southern part of hungary, which is considered to be free of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and close to the border with croatia. the aim of this study was to acquire information on the possibility that red foxes and/or golden jackals could play a role in the appearance and spread of h. canis in hungary. | 2014 | 24985073 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of atropa belladonna and its components, scopolamine and atropine, against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in vitro efficacy of methanolic extract of atropa belladonna and its components scopolamine and atropine was assessed against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were used whereas scopolamine and atropine were each tested at 0.1%. in adult immersion test, the extract was lethal to ticks at 20% concentration. the lc50 and lc95 values were determined as 6.875% and 17.306%, respectively. the extract caused a significant reduction ( ... | 2014 | 25516877 |
| first molecular detection of rickettsia africae in ticks from the union of the comoros. | rickettsia africae is the agent of african tick bite fever, a disease transmitted by ticks in sub-saharan africa. in union of the comoros, a recent study reported the presence of a rickettsia africae vector but no information has been provided on the circulation of the pathogenic agent in this country. | 2014 | 25245895 |
| influence of the biotope on the tick infestation of cattle and on the tick-borne pathogen repertoire of cattle ticks in ethiopia. | the majority of vector-borne infections occur in the tropics, including africa, but molecular eco-epidemiological studies are seldom reported from these regions. in particular, most previously published data on ticks in ethiopia focus on species distribution, and only a few molecular studies on the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens or on ecological factors influencing these. the present study was undertaken to evaluate, if ticks collected from cattle in different ethiopian biotopes harbour (had ... | 2014 | 25248165 |
| identification of rhipicephalus microplus genes that modulate the infection rate of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. | arthropod vectors transmit a diversity of animal and human pathogens, ranging from rna viruses to protozoal parasites. chemotherapeutic control of pathogens has classically focused either on insecticides that kill the vector itself or antimicrobials for infected patients. the limitation of the former is that it targets both infected and uninfected vectors and selects for resistant populations while the latter requires prompt and accurate diagnosis. an alternative strategy is to target vector mol ... | 2014 | 24608654 |
| the wild side of disease control at the wildlife-livestock-human interface: a review. | the control of diseases shared with wildlife requires the development of strategies that will reduce pathogen transmission between wildlife and both domestic animals and human beings. this review describes and criticizes the options currently applied and attempts to forecast wildlife disease control in the coming decades. establishing a proper surveillance and monitoring scheme (disease and population wise) is the absolute priority before even making the decision as to whether or not to interven ... | 2014 | 26664926 |
| transmission-blocking vaccines: focus on anti-vector vaccines against tick-borne diseases. | tick-borne diseases are a potential threat that account for significant morbidity and mortality in human population worldwide. vaccines are not available to treat several of the tick-borne diseases. with the emergence and resurgence of several tick-borne diseases, emphasis on the development of transmission-blocking vaccines remains increasing. in this review, we provide a snap shot on some of the potential candidates for the development of anti-vector vaccines (a form of transmission-blocking v ... | 2014 | 25503555 |
| wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria. | austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ... | 2014 | 25830102 |
| irspi, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and bartonella henselae infection. | ixodes ricinus is the most widespread and abundant tick in europe, frequently bites humans, and is the vector of several pathogens including those responsible for lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and bartonellosis. these tick-borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrate hosts via tick saliva during blood feeding, and tick salivary gland (sg) factors are likely implicated in transmission. in order to identify such tick factors, we characterized the transcriptome of ... | 2014 | 25057911 |